Chapter 4: Developmental Theories and Other Relevant Theories

Chapter 4: developmental he or she is reluctant to go on to the
next stage.
theories and other relevant
WHAT IS FIXATION?
theories
Fixation is a persistent focus on the id’s
SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) pleasure-seeking energies at an early
Australian Neurologist stage of psychosexual development.
Fixation refers to the theoretical notion
Founder of Psychoanalysis that a portion of the individual's libido
Proposed the Psychosexual theory of has been permanently 'invested' in a
Development particular stage of his development.
According to Sigmund Freud, as a child's

personality develops through a number of
developmental stages. Sigmund Freud
identified psychosexual energy, or libido, as
the motivating force behind conduct.
THE ROLE OF CONFLICT
 Each stage of psychosexual

development is connected with a
specific conflict that must be
addressed before the person may go to
the next stage.
 The more energy invested in a stage,

the more significant qualities of that
stage remain with the individual as he
or she matured mentally and
physically.
Frustration, Overindulgence, and

Fixation
 Both irritation and overindulgence

cause a fixation, which locks portion
of a child's libido into the stage in
which they occur. Overreacting
occurs when a child's basic
requirements are met to the point that
STAGES OF SEXUAL  Hostility and aggression directed
DEVELOPMENT towards his father.
 Oral Stage (Birth to 1 year) The Electra complex
In the first stage of personality  Girl’s desires opposite sex parent

development, the libido is centered in a (Dad) and experience penis envy.
baby's mouth. It gets much satisfaction
 The girl resolves this by repressing
from putting all sorts of things in its
her desire for her father and
mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id
substituting the wish for a penis with
demands.
the wish for a baby.
Anal Stage (1 to 3 years)
Latency Stage (6 years to puberty)
 Psychological Task- Toilet Training
 Latent means Hidden
 Libido is focused on controlling waste
 At this stage, the child represses all
and expelling waste.
interest in sexuality and develops
 A person Fixated here may become social and intellectual skills.
overly controlling (anal retentive) or
Genital Stage (puberty to adult)
out of control (anal expulsive)
 The final stage of psychosexual
Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years)
development occurs from puberty
 Focus on Genitals onwards.
 Exploration and interest in genitals  It is the time of Sexual reawakening,

but the source of sexual pleasure now
 Go through either:
becomes someone outside the family.
The Oedipus complex (for boys)
WHAT IS PSYCHOANALYSIS?
The Electra complex (for girls)
 The primary assumption of
The Oedipus complex psychoanalysis is the belief that all
people possess unconscious thoughts,
 The name of the Oedipus complex feelings, desires, and memories.
derives from the Greek myth where
Oedipus, a young man, kills his father  Psychoanalysis is a theory of
and marries his mother. personality development, which
argued that personality is formed
 Anxious desire for the mother; the through conflicts among three
boy wants to command her complete fundamental structures of the human
attention. mind: the id, ego, and superego.
Overview of psychoanalysis
 In psychoanalysis, the main cause of

behavior lies buried in the
unconscious mind, i.e. the conscious
and unconscious parts of the brain
that we call motivation.
The three structures of personality
 ID-It is the primitive and instinctive

component of personality.
 EGO- It develops in order to mediate

between the unrealistic id and the
external real world
 SUPEREGO- It incorporates the

values and morals of society which
are learned from one's parents and
others.
Trait Approach to Personality
Quality way to deal with an individual.

expect that conduct is controlled by
generally stable characteristics which are
essential to one's character.

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Chapter 4: developmental he or she is reluctant to go on to the

According to Sigmund Freud, as a child's

THE ROLE OF CONFLICT

 Each stage of psychosexual

 The more energy invested in a stage,

Frustration, Overindulgence, and

 Both irritation and overindulgence

 Oral Stage (Birth to 1 year) The Electra complex

In the first stage of personality  Girl’s desires opposite sex parent

 Exploration and interest in genitals  It is the time of Sexual reawakening,

 In psychoanalysis, the main cause of

The three structures of personality

 ID-It is the primitive and instinctive

 EGO- It develops in order to mediate

 SUPEREGO- It incorporates the

Trait Approach to Personality

Quality way to deal with an individual.

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