Name: ___________________________ Date: __________________

Yr. & Sec. __Grade 7______________ Teacher: _______________

First Quarter – Lesson 9: Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken.

Description:

The lesson teaches task identification planning, preparing, operational health and safety
(OHS) guidelines and procedures, computer hardware, Keyboard, mouse, hard drives, monitor,
system Unit, computer application software.

Content Standard:

The learners demonstrate and understanding of concepts and underlying principles in

performing computer operations

Performance Standard:

The learners shall be able to perform computer operations based on a given tasks

Learning Competencies:

Determine requirements of task in accordance with the required output. Select

appropriate hardware and software according to task assigned and required outcome. Plan a
task to ensure that OHS guidelines and procedures are followed. Follow client-specific
guidelines and procedures 1.5 Apply required data security guidelines in accordance with
existing procedures.

Read the Information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.1.

Main types of computers and basic features of operating system

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. Able to identify the type of computers.

2. Able to know the function of each types of computers.
Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power.
S.No. Type Specifications
It is a single user computer system having moderately
1 PC(Personal Computer)
powerful microprocessor
It is also a single user computer system, similar to
2 Workstation personal computer however has a more powerful
microprocessor.
It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting
3 Mini Computer
hundreds of users simultaneously.
It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting
4 Main Frame hundreds of users simultaneously. Software technology is
different from minicomputer.
It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute
5 Supercomputer
hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

PC (Personal Computer)

A PC can be defined as a small, relatively

inexpensive computer designed for an individual
user. PCs are based on the microprocessor
technology that enables manufacturers to put an
entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal
computers for word processing, accounting,
desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet
and database management applications. At home,
the most popular use for personal computers is
playing games and surfing the Internet.

Although personal computers are designed as single-user systems, these systems are normally
linked together to form a network. In terms of power, now-a-days high-end models of the
Macintosh and PC offer the same computing power and graphics capability as low-end
workstations by Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, and Dell.

Workstation

Workstation is a computer used for engineering

applications (CAD/CAM), desktop publishing,
software development, and other such types of
applications which require a moderate amount of computing power and relatively high-quality
graphics capabilities.
Workstations generally come with a large, high-resolution graphics screen, large amount of
RAM, inbuilt network support, and a graphical user interface. Most workstations also have
mass storage device such as a disk drive, but a special type of workstation, called diskless
workstation, comes without a disk drive.

Common operating systems for workstations are UNIX and Windows NT. Like PC,
workstations are also single-user computers like PC but are typically linked together to form a
local-area network, although they can also be used as stand-alone systems.

Minicomputer

Minicomputer
It is a midsize multi-processing system capable of
supporting up to 250 users simultaneously.

Mainframe

Mainframe
Mainframe is very large in size and is an
expensive computer capable of supporting
hundreds or even thousands of users
simultaneously. Mainframe executes many
programs concurrently and supports many
simultaneous executions of programs.

Supercomputer

Supercomputers are one of the fastest computers

currently available. Supercomputers are very
expensive and are employed for specialized
applications that require immense amount of
mathematical calculations (number crunching).

For example, weather forecasting, scientific

simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic
calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in
petrochemical prospecting).

Read the Information Sheet 1.2 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.2.

Components of a computer

Learning Objective:

After reading this information sheet, you must be able to:

1. Able to identify the main parts of computer?

2. Able to know the function of each parts of computer?

Input Devices
The following table lists some examples of devices that are used to put information into a
computer
Device Description
Keyboard The primary input device for a computer, allowing users to
type information just as they once did on a typewriter.

Mouse Used with graphical interface environments to point to and

select objects on the system's monitor. Can be purchased in
a variety of sizes, shapes, and configurations.

Scanner Converts printed or photographic information to digital

information that can be used by the computer. Works
similar to the scanning process of a photocopy machine.

Microphone Works like the microphone on a tape recorder. Allows input

of voice or music to be converted to digital information and
saved to a file.
 CD-ROM/DVD drive Compact disc–read only memory: stores large amounts of
data on a CD that can be read by a computer.

Processing
The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart and brain of the computer. This one component,
or "chip," is responsible for all primary number crunching and data management. It is truly the
centerpiece of any computer. It is so important that whole generations of computer technology
are based and measured on each "new and improved" version of the CPU.
When we refer to the CPU, we are usually speaking of the processor. However, the CPU
requires several other components that support it with the management of data to operate.
These components, when working in harmony, make up the primary elements of the PC we
know today. The following table lists these fundamental support components.

Component Description
Motherboard The main circuit board of the computer. The large circuit
board found inside the computer. Without it, a computer
is just a metal box. The motherboard contains all the
remaining items in this table; for all practical purposes, it
is the computer.

Chip Set A group of computer chips or integrated circuits (ICs)

that, when working together, manage and control the
computer system. This set includes the CPU and other
chips that control the flow of data throughout the system.

Data Bus A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on

the motherboard and used by the CPU to send and
receive data from all the devices in the computer.

Address Bus A group of parallel conductors (circuit traces) found on

the motherboard and used by the CPU to "address"
memory locations. Determines which information is sent
to, or received from, the data bus. An address bus is a
computer bus (a series of lines connecting two or more
devices) that is used to specify a physical address. When
a processor or DMA-enabled device needs to read or
write to a memory location, it specifies that memory
location on the address bus (the value to be read or
written is sent on the data bus).
Expansion Slots Specialized sockets that allow additional devices called
expansion cards or, less commonly, circuit boards, to be
attached to the motherboard. Used to expand or
customize a computer, they are extensions of the
 computer's bus system.

Clock Establishes the maximum speed at which the processor

can execute commands. Not to be confused with the
clock that keeps the date and time.

Battery Protects unique information about the setup of the

computer against loss when electrical power fails or is
turned off. Also maintains the external date and time (not
to be confused with the CPU's clock).

Memory Stores temporary information (in the form of data bits)

that the CPU and software need to keep running.

Output Devices

The following table lists some common devices, known as peripherals, used exclusively for
output.

Device Description
Printer Generates a "hard copy" of information. Includes dot
matrix, ink jet, and laser varieties.

Monitor The primary output device. Visually displays text and

graphics.

Plotter Similar to a printer, but uses pens to draw an image.

Most often used with graphics or drawing programs for
very large drawings.

Speakers Reproduce sound. Optional high-quality speakers can be

added to provide improved output from games and
multimedia software.
Input and Output

Some devices handle both input and output functions. These devices are called input/output
(I/O) devices, a term you will encounter quite often.

Device Description
Floppy Disk Drive Mechanism for reading and writing to low-capacity,
removable, magnetic disks. Used to store and easily
transport information.

Hard Disk Drive High-capacity internal (and sometimes external)

magnetic disks for storing data and program files. Also
called fixed disks.

Modem Converts computer data to information that can be

transmitted over telephone wires and cable lines. Allows
communication between computers over long and short
distances.

Network Card An expansion card that allows several computers to

connect to each other and share information and
programs. Also called network interface card (NIC).

CD Recorder Also called CD-R. You can copy data to a CD with this
device, but you can only write to a section of the disc
once. Variations on this type of device include compact
disc–rewritable (CD-RW) drives. These drives allow you
to read, write, and overwrite a special CD-ROM-type
disc.
Tape Drive Large-capacity, magnetic, data storage devices. Ideal for
backup and retrieval of large amounts of data. Works like
a tape recorder and saves information in a linear format.

Other external storage devices include Iomega Zip drives, which allow users to store 100 MB
or 250 MB of data on a single Zip disk.

Cable/Cord Description
IDE (ATA/PATA Cable) IDE is also known as ATA or PATA (Parallel ATA)
and is a way of handling a parallel data bus from a
disk drive (well, usually a disk drive) to a computer
mother board where the disk controller is mostly
embedded in the disk drive.
SATA/ATA SATA (Serial ATA) is an advance on this where the
signals are sent over a serial bus not a parallel bus.
The cable is much smaller and it will run at higher
speed and will support more than 2 drives on a bus.

Note: They are both ways to connect a disk drive to a

computer. You use the one that matches your
 computer mother board (old ones support IDE only,
newer ones will support SATA and may support both
SATA and IDE) and your disk drive (disk drives are
either IDE or SATA, never seen one with both
available).
USB Cable USB cable is a cable that is used to connect a device
to a computer or laptop or Printer, Video cameras,
Mp3, mp4 even cell phone.

A/V Cable A/V cable is to use for connect a device to tv and it

has the video and audio cable.

Heat Sink An environment capable of absorbing heat from an

object with which it is in thermal contact without a
phase change or an appreciable change in temperature.
A protective device that absorbs and dissipates the
excess heat generated by a system.
USB HUB A device that increases the number of USB ports on a
PC. However, since the hub plugs into one of the USB
ports on the computer, the total number of additional
ports is minus one. For example, a four-port hub adds
three new ports. USB hubs are typically used to
extend USB sockets to the top of the desk for
conveniently connecting external peripherals.
Power Cord A power cord, line cord, or mains cable is a cord or
cable that temporarily connects an electrical appliance
to the distribution circuits of an electrical power
source via a wall socket or extension cord.

Other Computer Parts and Accessories

The following table lists some examples of cable that are used to communicate to a system

AVR (Automatic Voltage A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to

Regulator) automatically maintain a constant voltage level.
It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive
or active electronic components. Depending on the
design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or
DC voltages.

UPS (Uninterruptible Power An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible

Supply) power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup, is an
electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a
load when the input power source, typically the utility
mains, fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or
emergency power system or standby generator in that it
will provide instantaneous or near-instantaneous
protection from input power interruptions by means of
 one or more attached batteries and associated electronic
circuitry for low power users, and or by means of diesel
generators and flywheels for high power users. The on-
battery runtime of most uninterruptible power sources is
relatively short—5–15 minutes being typical for smaller
units—but sufficient to allow time to bring an auxiliary
power source on line, or to properly shut down the
protected equipment
Computer Fan A computer fan is any fan inside a computer case used
for cooling purposes, and may refer to fans that draw
cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air
from inside, or move air across a heatsink to cool a
particular component. The use of fans to cool a
computer is an example of active cooling.
Laptop/Notebook cooler A laptop/notebook cooler, cooler pad or chill mat is an
accessory for laptop computers that helps reduce their
operating temperature. Normally used when the laptop's
fan device is unable to sufficiently cool the laptop, a
cooling pad may house active or passive cooling
methods and rests beneath the laptop. Active coolers
move air or liquid to direct heat away from the laptop
quickly, while passive methods may rely on thermally
conductive materials or increasing passive airflow.
TV Tuner or TV Video Capture A TV tuner card is a computer component that allows
television signals to be received by a computer. Most
TV tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing
them to record television programs onto a hard disk.

SUPPORT HARDWARE

This lesson covered the basic hardware that makes up a computer. There are, however,
additional components needed to support safe computer operation. In this lesson, we look at
several devices that protect and enhance the value of a computer

In addition to the devices that support a computer's data-processing functions, there are others
that enhance its operation and performance. The following table lists some of these devices.

Device Description
Power supply
Converts a local power source (typically 110 volts AC
in the United States) to 3.3, 5, or 12 volts DC. Most
power supplies also perform some basic line
conditioning and surge-protection functions.
Surge suppressor

Used to prevent large power spikes (for instance,

lightning) from damaging a computer.

UPS Uninterruptible power supply. Acts as both a surge

 suppresser (to prevent high-power spikes) and a power
leveler to provide the computer with a constant source
of power. Can even provide power during a power
failure or interruption (although the duration depends
on the UPS and the computer's power consumption) so
that the user can safely save data before shutting
down.
Case The box that houses most of the system must provide
an environment that minimizes electrical interference
to other electronic devices in the area. It should
provide a proper heat level for safe operation and bays
and connections for drives, circuit boards, and I/O
devices.

Don't let the term support hardware lead you to underestimate the importance of these
components. How important are roads to commerce, or water to a city? Without a reliable
power source, modern PCs would not exist. The internal power supply keeps a clean current
running to the system.

Read the Information Sheet 1.3 very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.3

Relevant types of software

Software is the program that run the computer and allows us to use it. There are different types
of computer software, all of which serve a specific purpose. In learning about computers, one
of the first steps is to understand the major types of software, their uses, and applications.

System Software

System software coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and software, and it
controls the operations of computer hardware and provides an environment or platform for all
the other types of software to work in. It is the most basic type of software in any computer
system, which is essential for other programs, applications and the whole computer system to
function. (System software examples – Microsoft Windows XP, Mac O S, Linux, Windows
Vista, Ubuntu, device drivers, etc.)

Application Software

Application software is what helps the user perform the tasks of his/her choice. They are non-
essential software which are installed and run, depending upon the requirements, in the
environment provided by the system software. (Application software examples – MS Office,
OpenOffice, Media Players, MS Access, educational software, media development software,
Antivirus software, etc. )

Programming Software

Programming software is used to write, test, debug and develop other software programs and
applications. The various programming language editors such as Eclipse – a Java language
editor – appear under this category. They are used for creating both the system as well as
application software.
(Programming software examples – Turbo C, Xilinx, Kiel, compilers, debuggers, Integrated
Development Environment (IDE), etc.)