UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY

(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)

CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

NAME: Stephanie Batacan, Tracy Cabaltera

STRAND & SECTION: 12- Rizal SUBJECT: Practical Research

Healthy living community:

Zero Waste Management

Proponents:
Batacan, Stephanie Anne R.
Cabaltera, Tracy S.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Introduction

Garbage, refuses and wastes such as papers, plastics, glasses, bottles, tin cans
that a food establishment generates as the results of its activities are not really
waste but resources waiting to be reused, recovered, or recycled. Convert these
garbage, refuses or wastes (trash) to cash. There’s money in garbage are
irresponsibly mixed together and dumped in an open space or vacant lots in the
surroundings environment, they can cause diseases. The poor solid waste
management problem has become one of the major concerns for a number of
environmental events. It is important element to consider in safeguarding public
health and ensuring environmental protection against short- term direct and
indirect health risk due to poor waste collection and disposal.
Now a days the major problem that our community encounter is the solid waste
management problem so we are conducting to give some possible solution to
help to solve the problem. To observe the cleanliness of the surroundings and
also for the health of the residents who are suffering of the problem.
It is very serious because it affects the health of the people in the community
especially in the city proper to the vendors they are suffering the polluted
surroundings because of the garbage, refuses and wastes such as papers,
plastics, glasses and when there is a heavy rain they experiencing flood because
of that so that we are conducting this research to solve the problem and also to
help them.
Now a days the major problem that our community encounter is the solid waste
management problem so we are conducting to give some possible solution to
help to solve the problem. To observe the cleanliness of the surroundings and
also for the health of the residents who are suffering of the problem.
The main purpose of our study is to help the people who are affected of the
problem and to give possible solution through survey that will be given to the
residents of the City and also to improve the City about solid waste management
Some are more inspirational in form while others are process focused. The
function and culture of the organization will help determine the appropriate waste
management framework for an ICI organization. For example an institutional
environment would differ from an industrial setting which can differ from the
commercial sector. In an institutional setting a wide- range of products are used
creating large volumes of a number of streams from hazardous to construction
and demolition waste. Hundreds of people are involved in procurement and
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

sorting waste at stations. In a setting like university, each year there is a larger
turnover of students. The need for constant education is pressing. Materials are
used rather than created.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Statement of the Problem

Many of us are not aware of the effect of the waste to the fact that waste is
one of the main factor that are destroying the earth. The main problem of this
study is to determine what the plans of the people in Iriga City are because
the City suffers floods during heavy rains and typhoons, people who living in a
low lying area suffer the most that’s why we are proposing this research to
find solution to this problem. The aim if this research is to create awareness
about this issue so that we can prevent more damage to the earth and future
generation.

Hypothesis/ Assumption of the study

Our research is about solid management it helps to improve and also to avoid
diseases cause by the polluted surroundings and to give our respondents
awareness about our research. We are expecting that our respondents will give
their part and their full cooperation for this research for us to have a successful
research and also for them to have improvement to their community .
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Scope and Delimitation

This study managing local recycling services .Regularly analyzing statistics of

waste and recycling of the local areas. Coming up with innovative recycling or
disposal schemes.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study would be beneficial to the following

This study will be valuable and significant to the community, children’s, Local
Government, and future researchers.
Community. This study will help the community to have a zero waste
management to also have a clean surroundings.
Children’s. This study will preliminary important to children for the sake of their
health and their future.
Local Government. This study will help the local government to be aware of the
surroundings and to avoid future problem cause by health and to have a healthy
and clean environment.
Future Researchers. This will ne a big help to the future researchers to have the
idea about zero waste management and healthy living community.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Theoretical Framework
Healthy living Community: Zero waste Management
Aim For “Zero waste management” not “less waste “

From time immemorial, humans and animals have used the resources of the
earth to support life and dispose of wastes. In those days, the disposal of human
and other wastes did not pose any spectacular problem as the population was
limited and the area of land available for the assimilation of such waste was
unlimited. However, today, utmost importance is being given across the globe to
this problem of solid wastes. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial
development are seriously degrading the urban and semi urban environment in
many of the world’s developing countries, placing enormous strain on natural
resources and obstructing efficient and sustainable development.
Wastes come from different types Residential waste refers to wastes from
dwellings, apartments, etc., and consists of leftover food, vegetable peels,
plastic, clothes, ashes, etc. 2. Commercial wastes consist of leftover food,
glasses, metals, ashes, etc., generated from stores, restaurants, markets, hotels,
motels, auto repair shops, medical facilities, etc. Institutional waste consists of
paper, plastic, glasses, etc., generated from educational administrative and
public buildings such as schools, colleges, offices, prisons, etc… Municipal
waste includes dust, leaf matter, building debris, treatment plant residual sludge,
etc., generated from various municipal activities like construction and demolition,
street cleaning, landscaping, etc. Industrial wastes mainly consist of process
wastes, ashes, demolition and construction wastes, hazardous wastes, etc., due
to industrial activities. 6. Agricultural this mainly consists of spoiled food grains
and vegetables, agricultural remains, litter, etc., generated from fields, farms and
granaries.
A PHD chemist Paul Palmer introduced Zero Waste Management during 1970s.
This theory is semi-philosophical theory because reaching 0% in waste
management is not possible as there is always a residue. But, it is not only
focused on reuse and recycle like other waste management systems but it also
explicates the reuse. June 10 2013
Waste Management Theory is founded on the expectation that waste
management is to prevent waste causing harm to human health and the
environment. The proper definition of waste is crucial to constructing a
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

sustainable agenda of waste management. It is largely the case that current

legislation attends to existing waste.
The theoretical basis of this paper was the Waste Management Theory, which
was introduced by Keiski, Pongracz and Phillips (2004) to channel environmental
sciences into engineering design.
Solid Waste can be define as the collecting, treating, and disposing
of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no
longer useful or material that no longer has any value to the person who is
responsible for it. The goal of zero waste is to move to a circular economy
where we write trash out of existence. It is aiming to send nothing to the landfill
Reducing, Reusing, and Composting. From time immemorial, humans and
animals have used the resources of the earth to support life and dispose of
wastes. In those days, the disposal of human and other wastes did not pose any
spectacular problem as the population was limited and the area of land available
for the assimilation of such waste was unlimited. However, today, utmost
importance is being given across the globe to this burgeoning problem of solid
wastes. Rapid population growth and uncontrolled industrial development are
seriously degrading the urban and environment in many of the world’s developing
countries, placing enormous strain on natural resources and obstructing efficient
and sustainable development. Management of Solid waste is one of the greater
challenges for development all over the world. It is not only because SWM impact
on the environment or health, but poor implementation. SWM hinders the nation’s
progress towards Sustainable Development. Accordingly there is a need for more
comprehensive strategies for SWM within development processes. It is important
to improve SWM for Sustainable Development through environmental
conservation. The conceptual issues of this study will include the SWM practices
to mitigate its impact on environmental and socio economic development, the
perception of the people about SWM, and assess the impact of solid waste
management on the environment and sustainable development. Furthermore, the
study focuses on SWM not only as a government responsibility. It should also be
done by every individual, since the waste is produced from households.
Segregation of Waste segregation is most essential for the success the major
reason for the failure is the lack of treatment facilities for non-biodegradable
waste like plastic, paper, metal, etc. It will reduce the burden of the Municipalities
in segregating waste after collection, which, in turn will attract serious health
implications to the waste collection workers. Hence, it is high time to come up
with immediate solutions to solve waste segregation issues and to find treatment
and recycling facilities in each Barangay.
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

REFERENCES:
https://swm4sd.wordpress.com/literature-review/conceptual-framework/ -
:~:text=Management%20of%20Solid%20waste%20is,towards
%20Sustainable%20Development%20(SD).
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/63146/Upadhyaya_Luv.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y
http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/6089/5866
https://www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/kcap/activities/egm/2009/pdf/torres_en.p
df
https://ideas.repec.org/p/mnh/vpaper/1053.htmlS
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Conceptual
The best way of dealing with waste, both economically and environmentally is
to avoid rating it in the first place for effective waste management, waste
minimization, reuse, recycle and energy recovery are more suitable than
conventional landfill or dumpsite disposal technique.
Make sure that segregate your waste into these different type to ensure proper
waste removal
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Healthy living Community:

Zero Waste Management

INPUT
Processing
Design  Give awareness to those
 Strategy and system people and cooperate to
management the local government
 To be able to determine
the paper segregation of
work products

Output

Aim for “Zero

Waste” not “Less
Waste”
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Review of Related Literature

A similar study was conducted by Andy Caroll and it states that as the world’s
urban population continues to grow, the need to efficiently manage the resulting
solid waste generation will become increasingly important. Currently, most of the
world’s solid waste is landfilled or disposed of in open dumps. Landfilling organic
solid waste leads to the production of methane, which is a strong greenhouse
gas (GHG). In addition, urban areas with high densities and limited open land
may find it hard to accommodate large landfill footprints. Thus, increased
awareness of climate change and landfill diversion has prompted many
municipalities and solid waste planners to find synergistic waste management
alternatives to landfilling. However, waste management strategies vary from
region to region, so site-specific data and analysis are often required to
determine appropriate waste management options. A carbon footprint study
using life cycle analysis (LCA) was conducted to compare multiple scenarios of
organic waste management strategies for two cities: Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
and Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Fort Collins is a progressive city
within the developed world, and has a strong green ethic, whereas Todos Santos
is considered to be in the developing world, where resources are not as
abundant and financial limitations exist. LCA is a cradle-to-grave analysis tool
designed to assess the environmental impacts of a Process. A side-by-side
comparison of GHG emissions associated with site-specific organic waste
management options was conducted for each city. Along with the environmental
impacts, the economic aspects of waste management are important in any city,
especially Todos Santos. Thus, a cost analysis of compost facilities and recycling
was conducted for Todos Santos. In Fort Collins, four scenarios werec ompared
to the status quo of landfilling organic waste, deemed the No-Action Scenario.
The four scenario were: Scenario AD 1 - anaerobic digestion of iii commercial
food waste, and the remainder of organic waste being composted regionally
using a transfer station; Scenario AD 2 - anaerobic digestion of commercial food
waste with co-generation, with the remainder of organic waste being composted
regionally without using a transfer station; Scenario Regional Compost with TS-
Regional compost of all organic waste using a transfer station; and Scenario
Regional Compost without TS - Regional compost of All organic waste without
using a transfer station. The functional unit was one metric ton (Mg) of organic
waste diverted from the landfill. The only environmental impact category
analyzed was GHG emissions Expressed as kg CO2 equivalents; thus, this study
is referred to as carbon footprint, instead of a full ISO Standard LCA. Scenario
AD 1 was found to produce the least GHG emissions (130.7 kg CO2
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Equivalents/functional unit), followed by Scenario AD 2 (168.8 kg CO2

equivalents/functional unit), Scenario Regional Compost with TS (197.1 kg CO2
equivalents/functional unit), Scenario Regional Compost without TS (249.8 kg
CO2 equivalents/functional unit), and finally the No-Action Scenario Produced
the most GHG emissions (780.4 197.1 kg CO2 equivalents/functional unit). The
primary reason The No-Action Scenario produces the highest GHG emissions is
because Fort Collins sends municipal solid waste (MSW) to two different landfills:
one with landfill gas (LFG) collection and one without. This analysis found that
GHG emissions due to landfilling could be greatly reduced (69%) if all organic
waste is sent to the landfill with a LFG collection system. In addition, if Fort
Collins reduces the number of current waste haulers from three to one, there
would be a drop in emissions of 7% for the No-Action Scenario, 29% for Scenario
AD 1, 44% for Scenario AD 2, 20% for Scenario Regional Compost with TS, And
36% for Scenario Regional Compost without TS. Todos Santos does not have an
engineered landfill. Solid waste is collected and transported to an open dump on
the outskirts of the city. Two different Scenarios were compared to the status
quo, or No-Action Scenario, of landfilling organic waste. The Scenarios were:
Scenario Local WC - Organic waste is composted locally at the current landfill
using Windrow composting); and Scenario Local SAC - Organic waste is
composted locally using static aeration composting. The functional unit and
environmental impact categories were the same as the Fort Collins analysis.
Scenario Local WC produced the lowest GHG emissions (101.5 kg CO2
Equivalents/functional unit), followed by Scenario Local SAC (153.9 kg CO2
equivalents/functional unit), and finally the No-Action Scenario produced the
most GHG emissions (1,487.9 kg CO2 Equivalents/functional unit). The lack of
LFG capture at the current landfill explains the high GHG Emissions. The primary
difference between static aerated and windrow compost regarding GHG
Emissions is static aerated compost produces higher nitrous oxide and methane
emissions than windrow Compost. While windrow and static aerated compost
produce lower GHG emissions than landfilling, the financial conditions for
compost in Todos Santos are unknown. A capital cost analysis found that a
Windrow compost facility would cost about 1.5 times more than a static aerated
compost facility; however, the demand and revenue from selling compost would
still need to be analyzed prior to Implementation of a compost facility. Recycling
in Todos Santos is not as established as recycling in Fort Collins. Currently, there
is a small drop-off recycling facility in Todos Santos called Punto Verde. Utilizing
best available data, it is estimated that Punto Verde only collects about 1% of the
total available recyclables. If 100% of the recyclables are collected the value is
estimated to be about $87,000 per year. However, increasing recycling rates in
Todos Santos is difficult due to long transportation routes, lack of Government
 UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
(DR. SANTIAGO G. ORTEGA MEMORIAL)
CITY OF IRIGA

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

support, and cultural attitudes that have not embraced recycling as the norm.
This analysis has shown that there is a potential revenue stream for recyclables
in Todos Santos; however, education Campaigns, financial incentives, and key
stakeholder support are needed to improve recycling rates. This Study found that
landfilling without LFG capture produced the most GHG emissions in both a
Developed, environmentally progressive city, and a city in a developing country
with economic and Cultural restraints surrounding sustainable waste
management. Furthermore, this study highlighted the Need for site-specific
analysis when assessing waste management improvements for a city or
Municipality. Transfer stations and efficient waste collection will vary by location,
but are important to quantify as transportation plays a key role in waste
management. In addition, selecting feasible Alternatives to the status quo will
require conversations with stakeholders and assessment of Site-specific data,
ideally before any assessment is conducted.