.

Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Index

Index
Mahajanpada Period (500 BCE) .................................................................................................................. 1

Alexander Invasion (326 BC) ....................................................................................................................... 1

Maurya Rule in Rajasthan (321-184 BCE) ................................................................................................... 2

Sakas (1st AD) .............................................................................................................................................. 3

Western Satraps ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Rajasthan In Gupta Period .......................................................................................................................... 4

Huna Emipre in Rajasthan .......................................................................................................................... 4

Vardhana Emipre ........................................................................................................................................ 5

Gurjara Kingdom ........................................................................................................................................ 5

The Origin of Rajputs .................................................................................................................................. 6

Pratihars of Mandore ................................................................................................................................. 7

Pratihars of Bhinmal (Jalore) ...................................................................................................................... 8

Rathores of Jodhpur ................................................................................................................................. 10

Rathores of Bikaner: ................................................................................................................................. 13

Rathores of Barmer .................................................................................................................................. 15

The Chauhan Dynasty ............................................................................................................................... 17

Chauhans of Shakambhari: ....................................................................................................................... 17

Chauhans of Ranthambore ....................................................................................................................... 19

Chauhans of Jalore ................................................................................................................................... 20

Hada of Bundi: .......................................................................................................................................... 21

Hada of Kota ............................................................................................................................................. 23

Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Index

Jhalas of Jhalawar ..................................................................................................................................... 24

Deora of Sirohi .......................................................................................................................................... 25

The Kingdom of Mewar ............................................................................................................................ 27

Guhils of Chittorgarh ................................................................................................................................ 27

Sisodia of Mewar ...................................................................................................................................... 31

Sisodia of Dungarpur ................................................................................................................................ 36

Sisodia of Banswara .................................................................................................................................. 38

Sisodia of Pratapgarh ............................................................................................................................... 39

Bhattis of Jaisalmer .................................................................................................................................. 42

Bhattis of Hanumangarh .......................................................................................................................... 44

Deo of Karauli ........................................................................................................................................... 44

Kachwaha Dynasty ................................................................................................................................... 46

Kachwaha Rulers of Dausa ....................................................................................................................... 46

Kachwaha Rulers of Amber: (1036 -1727) ................................................................................................ 47

Kachwaha Rulers of Jaipur: (1727- 1947) ................................................................................................. 48

Kachwaha Rulers of Shekhawati ............................................................................................................... 50

Shekhawats of Sikar ................................................................................................................................. 50

Mewati Khans & Kachwaha Dynasty of Alwar .......................................................................................... 52

Jats of Bharatpur ....................................................................................................................................... 53

Nawabs of Jhunjhunu ............................................................................................................................... 55

The Kingdom of Dholpur .......................................................................................................................... 57

Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Mahajanpada Period (500 BCE)

Mahajanpada Period (500 BCE)

The modern districts of Jaipur, Alwar & Bharatpyr formed part of Mahajanpada of Machcha or Matsya.
The capital of Matsya was at Viratanagari (present-day Bairat), which is said to have been named after
its founder king, Virata. In Pali literature, the Matsya tribe is usually associated with the Surasena. The
kingdom came under the control of the neighboring Chedi Kingdom in the 5th century.

Alexander Invasion (326 BC)

Because of Alexander’s invasion in 326 BCE tribes of South Punjab especially Malav, Shivi and
Arjunayan migrated to Rajasthan.

1
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Maurya Rule in Rajasthan (321-184 BCE)

Maurya Rule in Rajasthan (321-184 BCE)

Part of modern day Rajasthan was under occupation of Maurya Rule. The ruins of the Bijak-ki-pahadi,
a Buddhist Chaitya from the 3rd century BCE located in Bairat, are the oldest free-standing Buddhist
structures in India.

Maan Mori, of the Maurya dynasty ruled the kingdom till 734 AD when he was killed by Bappa Rawal
of the Guhilot clan. Born as Kalbhoj, Bappa Rawal was the founder of a dynasty, which later comes to
rule Mewar.

2
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sakas (1st AD)

Sakas (1 st AD)

The Indo-Scythians are a branch of the Sakas who

migrated from southern Siberia into Bactria,
Sogdia, Arachosia, Gandhara, Kashmir, Punjab,
Gujarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, from the
middle of the 2nd century BCE to the 4th century
CE.

The first Saka king in India was Maues or Moga

who established Saka power in Gandhara and
gradually extended supremacy over north-western
India.

Western Satraps

The Western Satraps (35-405 CE) were Saka rulers of modern Gujarat, southern Sindh, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states.

They were successors to the Indo-Scythians and were contemporaneous with the Kushan Empire,
which ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent.

3
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rajasthan In Gupta Period

Rajasthan In Gupta Period

Before the rise of Gupta’s, Rudrasimha II, of the Western Satraps, ruled Rajasthan. Samudra Gupta
defeated Rudrasimha II in 351 A.D to capture the southern part of Rajasthan.

Various Sculptures of Gupta Period are found in Ajmera (Dungarpur), Abhaneri (jaipur), Mandore,
Osiyan (Jodhpur), Neelkanth, Sacheli (Alwar) & Kalyanpur, Jagat (Udaipur).

Huna Emipre in Rajasthan

In 503 C.E, Huna King Toranmal defeated Gupta’s and occupied Rajasthan.

4
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Vardhana Emipre

Vardhana Emipre

After the downfall of the Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India was split into
several independent kingdoms. Prabhakara Vardhana, who belonged to the Pushyabhuti family,
extended his control over neighbouring states. Around 606 CE, Harsha Vardhana asceded the throne
and ruled till 647 C.E.

Gurjara Kingdom

From 550 to 1018 AD, the Gurjars played a great part in history of Northern India nearly for 500 years.
The Gurjara-Pratihara King Nagabhatt I won Kannuaj and established rule over most of Rajasthan. The
capital of their Kingdom was shreemal, which is old name of Bhinmal in Jalore.

5
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan The Origin of Rajputs

The Origin of Rajputs

The term Rajput starts coming in use from the 6th Century AD. The origin of the Rajputs is the subject
of debate. There are four main streams of thought on origin of Rajputs:

Foreign origin theory of Rajputs

This theory says that the Rajputs are descendents of the races like Sakas, Kushanas, Hunas etc. Dr. VA
Smith, Col. James Todd, William Crooks supported this theory. The main argument of James Todd
behind the foreign origin of the Rajputs was that these people worshipped Fire and Fire was the main
deity of the Sakas and Hunas.

Mixed Origin Theory

This theory as put forward by Dr. DP Chatterjee says that Rajput is a mixed race. Some of them were
descendents of the Aryans while some of them were from the foreign races such as Hunas, Sakas etc.

Kashtriya theory of origin

This theory was propounded by Gauri Shankar Ojha and says that the Rajputs are NOT from the
foreign origin and they are descendents of the mythological Khatriya Heroes like Rama. The theory
divides the Rajput based on their lineage as Suryavanshi & Chandravanshi, which they trace from
Surya and Chandra. They worship fire as the Aryans did and worship of fire was not the tradition of
the Foreigners only.

Agnikula Theory

This theory comes from the Prithvirajraso of Chandarbardai. According to this theory, Rajputs were the
result of Yagya performed by Hrishi Vashistha at “Guru Shikhar” in Mount Abu. The four Rajput clans
from Agnikunda are Chauhans, Chalukyas, Parmaras and Pratiharas. Muhnot Nainsi & Suryamal
Mishran also support this theory

6
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Pratihars of Mandore

Pratihars of Mandore

Mandore is an ancient town, and was the seat of the Pratiharas of Mandavyapura, who ruled the region
in the 6th century CE. The origin of the dynasty is described in two inscriptions: the 837 CE Jodhpur
inscription of Bauka and the 861 CE Ghantiyala (or Ghatiyala) inscription of Kakkuka.

Raja Harishchandra Pratihara is described as the founder of the clan. He had four sons: Bhogabhatta,
Kakka, Rajjila and Dadda. Nagabhata, fourth in line from Harichandra, moved his capital from
Mandavyapura to Medantaka (modern Merta).

Rudolf Hoernlé assumed a period of 20 years for each generation, and placed the dynasty's founder
Harichandra in c. 640 CE. Baij Nath Puri placed Harichandra in c. 600 CE. R. C. Majumdar, on the other
hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE.[7] The following
is a list of the dynasty's rulers and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years:[2]

• Harichandra alias Rohilladhi (c. 550 CE)

• Rajilla (c. 575 CE)
• Narabhatta alias Pellapelli (c. 600 CE)
• Nagabhata alias Nahada (c. 625 CE)
• Tata and Bhoja (c. 650 CE)
• Yashovardhana (c. 675 CE)
• Chanduka (c. 700 CE)
• Shiluka alias Silluka (c. 725 CE)
• Jhota (c. 750 CE)
• Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (c. 775 CE)
• Kakka (c. 800 CE)
• Bauka (c. 825 CE)
• Kakkuka (c. 861 CE)

After the disintegration of the Gurjara-Pratihara empire, one branch of Pratiharas continued to rule at
Mandore. In 1395 CE, a princess of this branch married Rao Chunda of Rathore clan. As a result, Rao
Chunda received the Junagarh fort in Mandore in dowry, and moved his capital to the site. The town
remained the Rathore capital until 1459 CE, when Rao Jodha shifted his capital to the newly founded
city of Jodhpur

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Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Pratihars of Bhinmal (Jalore)

Pratihars of Bhinmal (Jalore)

The strongest of the Gurjara-Prathira branch was the

one at Bhinmal, under king Vyaghramukh. The
Gurjar clan, which ruled at Bhinmal was known as
Chapas (this name is a short version of Chapotkrisht,
sanskit word which means excelled in archery or
strong bowmen). As per the records of Heun Tsang,
the famous astronomer and mathematician
Bramhagupta was in the court of Vyaghramukha.

Kings of Bhinmal branch of Gurjara- Pratihara:

• Raja Nagabhata I Pratihara

o He was the founder of Bhinmal branch
of Pratihara.
o He formed a triple alliance with
Jaysimha & Bappa Rawal to defeat Arabs in Battle of Rajasthan
• Raja Yashovardhan Pratihara
• Raja Watsraj Pratihara
o He was the first Pratihara ruler who occupied the Kanauj.
o He defeated Dharmapala of Gauda country.
o But he was defeated in the hands of Dhruva of Rashtrakuta dynasty.
• Raja Nagabhata II Pratihara
o He got victory over Kannauj.
o He was defeated in the hands of Govinda of Rashtrakuta dynasty.
o He defeated Dharmapala and Chakrayudha in the battle of Mudgagiri.
• Raja Mihir Bhoj Pratihara
o During the period of Mihira Bhoja Kanauj was restored to its former glory.
o Mihira Bhoja defeated Devapala of Bengal.
o Suleiman, Arab traveller visited the court of Mihira Bhoja in 851 A.D.
• Raja Mahendrapal Pratihara
• Raja Mahipal Pratihara

8
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Pratihars of Bhinmal (Jalore)

• Raja Vinayakpal Pratihara

• Raja Mahendrapal II Pratihara
• Raja Vijaypal Pratihara
• Raja Rajyapal Pratihara
• Raja Trilochnpal Pratihara
• Raja YashPal Pratihara
• He was the last ruler of the dynasty. He ruled from 1027 to 1036. Prathihara dynasty came to
end with the invasion of Muhammad of Ghazni.

After the downfall of Prathiharas, their capital Kannauj, was occupied by Gahadwalas (Rathores).
Chandradeva, who belonged to Rathore clan of Rajput warriors, defeated Gopala and established the
Gahadavala dynasty.

After defeating Prthviraj Chauhan in the second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad of Ghur attacked
Jaychand. In 1194, Battle of Chandwar took place in which Muhammad Ghori defeated Jaychand. Soon
the kingdom of Gahadwalas was destroyed.

Rao Siyaji, grand son of Jai Chandra, of Kannauj, came to marwar during his pilgrimage to dwarka.
His Son, Rao Asthan conquered Pali, and Khed (in western Marwar), but ultimately got killed in battle
by Sultan Jalauddin Khilji of Delhi.

Rao Chanda/Chundarji, 10th in succession from Siyaji, finally wrested control of Marwar from the
Gurjara Pratiharas – and established rule of Rathores in Marwar. Jodhpur was the primary state of
Rathores but different states (Bikaner, Kishangarh etc) were also founded by different Rathore rulers.

9
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Jodhpur

Rathores of Jodhpur

• Rao Chanda/Chundarji secured & found kingdom of Marwar.

• Rao Chanda, is killed in battle by Salim Shah of Multan. The king’s son, Kanha, subsequently
has to fight to retain his throne when his brother Rao Ranmal. Ultimately, Ranmal succeeds.

• Rao Jodha(1438 – 1489)

o Son of Ranmal becomes first fully independent king of Jodhpur,

o 1459- Laid foundation of modern city of Jodhpur

o Reconquers Mandore from the Sisodiyas of Mewar (Rana Kumbha).

o Began Construction of Mehrangarh fort.

o Jodha’s son Rao Beeka – founded the kingdom of Bikaner

• Rao Satal (1489-1492)

• Rao Suja (1492 1515)

• Rao Biram Singh (1515-1515)

o Son of Bagha

• Rao Ganga (1515-1532)

• Rao Maldeo (1532-1562)

o Maldeo refused to ally with either the Sur Empire or the Mughal Empire after
Humayun regained control of north India in 1555.

o Muslim historian Ferishta calls him as the “most Potent Ruler of Hindustan”

o In 1543, Battle of Sammel: with Sher Shah Suri – Maldeo lost.

o In 1562, lost Merta and Ajmer to Emperor Akbar, and forced to send two of his sons as
hostages to the Imperial Court

• Rao Chandra Sen (1562-1565)

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Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Jodhpur

o 3rd Son but Maldeo named him successor.

o Elder brother Udai Singh, sided with Akbar – Battle of Merta 1562 – Lost his territories
in wars with the Mughals.

o He was defeated but refused to form any alliance with Mughals.

o He continued his struggle until his death in 1581 at Pali, after which, Marwar submitted
to Mughal rule in 1583

• Raja Udai Singh (Mota Raja) (1583-1595)

o Restored by the Mughals with the title ‘Raja’ as a vassal

• Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal(1595-1619)

• Maharaja Gaj Singh I (1619-1638)

o To be the first to take the title ‘Maharaja’ by himself

• Maharaja Jaswant Singh (1638-1678)

o Shah Jehan made him ruler, in line with his wishes.

o Author of “Siddhant-bodh”, “Anand Vilas” and “Bhasa-bhusan”

o Aurangzeb revolted against Shah Jehan, Jaswant Singh sided with Shah Jehan – Battle of
Dharmatpur. Aurangzeb won – named place of Victory- Fatehabad

o His son Prithvi Raj Singh – was murdered by Aurangzeb through poisonous robe.

• Raja Rai Singh (1659-1659)

o Son of Raja Amar Singh

• Maharaja Ajit Singh (1679-1724)

o When Jaswant Singh died, he left no male heir. But 2 of his wives were pregnant. AJit
was born later.

o However, Aurangzeb appointed Indra Singh as ruler.

o Durgadas went to Auranzeb to recognize Ajit singh as successor but Aurangzeb kept
condition of converting Ajit to muslim. Durga das disagreed.

11
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Jodhpur

o For 20 years, Marwar remained under direct Mughal rule, Durga das continued stuggle.

o When Aurangzeb died 1707, Durga das seized occasion, Ajit Singh regained Jodhpur.

• Maharaja Abhai Singh (1724-1749)

o Battle of Ahmedabad against Sarbaland – won

o Battle of Gangwan against Amber.

• Maharaja Ram Singh (1749-1751)-(1753-1772)

o Was defeated in battle by his uncle Bakht Singh at Luniawas, 27 November 1750 and
was expelled from Jodhpur and sought refuge in Jaipur.

• Maharaja Bakht Singh (1751-1752)

o Brother of Abhai Singh- defeated his son Ram Singh.

• Maharaja Vijay Singh – 1752-1753) – (1772-1793)

• Maharaja Bhim Singh (1793 1803)

• Maharaja Man Singh (1803 1843)

• Maharaja Sir Takht Singh (1843-1873)

o Not in the direct line

o Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.

o Assists the British in India during the Indian Mutiny of 1857.

• Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II(1873-1895)

o Kaisar-i-Hind

• Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh – 1895 1911

• Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh – 1911 1918

• Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh (1918-1947)

• Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh (1947-47)

12
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Bikaner:

Rathores of Bikaner:

During 15th century when Rao Bika, son of Rao Jodha arrived at Bikaner, the the region was possessed
by seven Jat cantons namely Sihag, Dhaka, Punia, Godara, Saran, Beniwal, Johiya and Kaswan. Rao
Bika used the mutual rivalry existing between Jat clans to carve out space for his own
kingdom. According to James Tod, the spot which Bika selected for his capital, was the birthright of a
Nehra Jat, who would only concede it for this purpose on the condition that his name should be linked
in perpetuity with its surrender. Naira, or Nera, was the name of the proprietor, which Bika added to
his own, thus composing that of the future capital, Bikaner.

• Rao Bika(Beeka) (1465-1504)

o Founder of kingdom of Bikaner

o Branch of Rathores – Bika rathores.

o Married daughter of Bhati (jaisalmer)

• Rao Naroji (1504-1505)

• Rao Lunkaran (1505-26)

• Rao Jait Singh (1526-42)

o Killed fighting Marwar forces under Rao Maldeo.

• Rao Kalyan Singh (1542-71)

o Marwar forces Kalyan Singh to flee but he takes help of Sher Shah Suri and defeats Rao
Maldeo

o Resists attack by Mughal, Akbar till 1570, when Akbar gains submission.

• Raja Raj(Rae) Singh I (1571-1611)

o He and Akbar, each married a princess of Jaisalmer.

• Rai Dalpat Singh Dalip (1612-1613)

• Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya (1613-1631)

13
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Bikaner:

• Rao Karan Singh Jangalpat Badhshah (1631-1667)

o Deposed by Aurangzeb

• Maharaja Rao Anup Singh (1669-1698)

o 1st to be granted the title ‘Maharaja’ by Aurangzeb

o Served in the Deccan campaign at Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in
1687.

o He was administrator of Aurangabad 1677-1678

• Maharaja Rao Sarup Singh (1698-1700)

• Maharaja Rao Sujan Singh (1700-1735)

• Maharaja Rao Zorawar Singh (1735-1746)

• Maharaja Rao Gaj Singh (1746-1787)

o First of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II

• Maharaja Rao Rai Singh II Raj Singh (1787-1787)

• Maharaja Rao Surat Singh (1787-1828)

o Entered the protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance in 1818.

• Maharaja Rao Ratan Singh (1828-51)

• Maharaja Rao Sardar Singh (1851-72)

o Provided support to British against Indian mutiny of 1857

• Maharaja Rao Dungar Singh (1872-1887)

o First to introduce electricity to Rajasthan.

o He also sets up a police force, a hospital and a modern administrative system.

• Maharaja Sir Rao Ganga Singh (1887-1943)

o 1st World war in France & Flanders 1914-15

14
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Barmer

o Signed the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of India on 28 June 1919

• Maharaja Sir Rao Sadul Singh (1943-1950)

o Signed the instrument of accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947.

o Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March 1949.

Rathores of Barmer

In earlier times, Barmer was known by the name “Mallinath” (मि#लनाथ) after Mallinath, the son of Rao
Salkha. Mallinath is considered a God and still worshiped by Rajputs. The area around the “Luni” river
was called “Malani” or “मलानी”, derived from the name Mallinath.

In the 18th century, British rulers adopted the name Barmer or Balmer . The name Barmer is derived
from the name of the earlier 13th century ruler Bahada Rao Parmar (Panwar) or Bar Rao Parmar
(Panwar), it was named Bahadamer (“The Hill Fort of Bahada”).

Rulers of Barmer

• Rao Salkha

o Rao of Kher

• Rawal Mallinath

o Founder of Mahecha Clan ( a Rathore Sub-clan)

• Rawal Jagmal

o Rao of Malani

• Rawat Lunka

o He attacked Juna with help of his elder brother Rawal Mandalak which was under
Chauhan ruller Mudha ji and made his capital, his descendents are known as Barmera’s.

• Rawat Shekha

• Rawat Jaita

15
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Rathores of Barmer

• Rawat Ratoji

• Rawat Bhima

o Founder of present Barmer city

• Rawat Kalyanmal

• Rawat Duda ji

• Rawat Ram Singh

• Rawat Tezpal Singh

• Rawat Bharo ji

o Rao Bhara Ji divided the territory of Barmer equally among his five sons namely Sahiba
Ji, Kishan Dass Ji, Lal Singh Ji, Kheenva Ji and Pabba Ji.

• Rawat Lal Singh ji

• Rawat Man Singh

• Rawat Dal Singh

• Rawat Bhabhut Singh

• Rawat Panney Singh

• Rawat Bakidas

• Rawat Jawahar Singh

• Rawat Heera Singh

• Rawat Ratan Singh

• Rawat Ummed Singh

o Ex-Member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly from Barmer between 1962–1967, and
the Sheo constituency in 1985-1990.

• Rawat Tribhuvan Singh

o He is the current heir of Barmer Gaddi, he was adopted in year 2009 by Late Rawat
Umed Singh Ji Rathore’s wife Rani Sampat Kanwar (daughter of Thikana Mahansar,
Shekhawati)

16
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

The Chauhan Dynasty

The word Chauhan is the vernacular form of the Sanskrit term Chahamana. While the earlier versions
of Chandbardai’s work Prthviraj Raso doesnot mention Chauhan as born from Agnikunda, the later
versions do.

The 15th-century Hammira Mahakavya of Nayachandra Suri & Jayanayak’s Prithviraj Vijay consider
Chauhans as Suryavanshi. Pandit Gaurishankar Ojha seconds this opinion.

Based on Bijloia Inscription (1170 CE), Dr. Dasrath Sharma considers that early ancestor of Chauhan
was born at Ahichchhatrapura in the gotra of sage Vatsa. Ahichchhatrapura can be identified with
modern Nagaur.

Chahamanas probably started out as petty rulers of Ahichchhatrapura. As the Chahamana territory
expanded, the entire region ruled by them came to be known as Sapadalaksha.

In course of time Chauhans formed ruling dynasties at various places. Major Chauhan dynasties
include:

• Chauhans of Shakambhari
• Chauhans of Ranthambore
• Chauhans of Jalore

Apart from these, there are other ruling dynasties that claim Chauhan descent including:

• Haras of Hadoti

Chauhans of Shakambhari:

• Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)

o Considered as founder of Shakambhari branch of Chauhans around 551 CE

o According to a mythical account in Prithviraja Vijaya, he received the Sambhar Salt Lake
as a gift from a vidyadhara (a supernatural being).

• Samanta-raja (c. 684-709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh

17
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Chauhans of Shakambhari:

• Nara-deva (c. 709-721 CE)

• Ajaya-raja I (c. 721-734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala

• Vigraha-raja I (c. 734-759 CE)

• Chandra-raja I (c. 759-771 CE)

• Gopendra-raja (c. 771-784 CE)

• Durlabha-raja I (c. 784-809 CE)

• Govinda-raja I (c. 809-836 CE), alias Guvaka I

o Constructed Harshnath Temple in Sikar

• Chandra-raja II (c. 836-863 CE)

• Govindaraja II (c. 863-890 CE), alias Guvaka II

• Chandana-raja (c. 890-917 CE)

• Vakpati-raja (c. 917-944 CE)

• Simha-raja (c. 944-971 CE)

• Vigraha-raja II (c. 971-998 CE)

• Durlabha-raja II (c. 998-1012 CE)

• Govinda-raja III (c. 1012-1026 CE)

• Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026-1040 CE)

• Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)

• Chamunda-raja (c. 1040-1065 CE)

• Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065-1070 CE), alias Duśala

• Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070-1090 CE), alias Visala

• Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090-1110 CE)

• Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110-1135 CE),

o Moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)

18
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Chauhans of Ranthambore

o Repulsed a Ghaznavid attack, and also defeated the Paramara king Naravarman.

• Arno-raja (c. 1135-1150 CE), alias Ana

o Defeated Turkish invaders

o Constructed Anasagar Lake

• Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)

• Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150-1164 CE), alias Visaladeva

o Expanded the Chauhan territories, and captured Delhi from the Tomaras.

• Apara-gangeya (c. 1164-1165 CE)

• Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165-1169 CE)

• Someshvara (c. 1169-1178 CE)

• Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178-1192 CE)

o Better known as Prithviraj Chauhan

o Defeated Mohd. Ghori in first Battle of Tarain in 1191

• Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE)

o Banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty;

o Established the Chauhan branch of Ranthambore

• Hari-raja (c. 1193-1194 CE)

Chauhans of Ranthambore

The Chauhan lost Ranthambore as a result of defeat of Prithviraja III in battle of Tarain 1192. by Mohd.
Ghori. But, Prithviraja’s son Govindaraja IV accepted the Ghurid suzerainty, and ruled Ranthambore as
his vassal.

• Govinda-raja
o Son of Prthvi Raja Chauhan III
• Balhana-deva or Balhan

19
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Chauhans of Jalore

• Prahlada or Prahlad,
• Viranarayana or Vir Narayan,
• Vagabhata, son of Balhana;
o Known as Bahar Deo in bardic chronicles
• Jaitra-simha or Jaitra Singh
• Hammira-deva or Hammir Dev
o In 1299, he defeated Allauddin Khilji’s army led by Ulugh Khan & Nusrat Khan.
o In 1301, Allauddin Khilji again invaded his kingdom, which resulted in his defeat and
death.

Chauhans of Jalore

Prathihar king VatsaRaja was the ruler of Jalore during 8th century. Towards the end of
12th Century, Parmars ruled here. Historians believe that the Jalore fort was built by Parmar rulers. It
is known from a stone inscription of 1238 A.D. of fort that Parmar King Biral’s-queen Maludevi
powered Gold win on Sindhu King.

Nadol king, Arhan’s, youngest son Kirtipala started Chouhan tradition in Jalore. The Chauhan lineage
of Jalore is as under:

• Kirtipala (c. 1160-1182 CE)

• Samara-simha (c. 1182-1204 CE)

• Udaya-simha (c. 1204-1257 CE)

• Chachiga-deva (c. 1257-1282 CE)

• Samanta-simha (c. 1282-1305 CE)

• Kanhada-deva (c. 1292-1311 CE)

o Wrote Kanha-Prabhandha: Epic elaborating war between Kanha Dev & Alaudin Khilji.

Subsequent Rulers:

• Rathore king Rao Maldev ruled the fort of Jalore in 15th Century.

20
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

• During Akbar’s rule, Abdul Rahim Khan Khana took it infinitely from Gazni Khan.King.

• Jehangir built the walls of the fort.

• After the death of Aurangzeb it permanently became a part of Jodhpur.

Hada of Bundi:

In ancient times, the area around Bundi was inhabited by various local tribes majority group belonging
to Meena. Bundi is said to derive its name from a former Meena tribe chief called Bunda Meena. Bundi
was previously called “Bunda-Ka-Nal”, Nal meaning “narrow ways”. Later, the region was acquired
by Rao Deva Hada, who took over Bundi from Jaita Meena in 1342, and established a princely state
Bundi, renaming the surrounding area called Hadoti, the land of great Hada Rajputs.

Rulers of Bundi

• Rao Deva Hada (1342-43)

o Laid the foundation of hada state of Bundi after taking possession from Jaita Meena.

• Rao Napuji (1343-84)

• Rao Hamuli (1384 – 1400).

• Rao Birsingh (1400 to 1415).

• Rao Biru (1415 to 1470).

• Rao Bandu (1470 to 1491).

• Rao Narayan Das (1491 to 1527).

• Rao Suraj Mal (1527 to 1531).

• Rao Surtan Singh (1531 to 1544).

21
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Hada of Bundi:

• Rao Raja Surjan Singh (1544 to 1585)

o Akbar & Man Singh I – negotiate treaty with Surjan Singh – hence given title of “Rao
Raja”

o Given government of Benares.

• Rao Raja Bhoj Singh (1585 to 1608).

• Rao Raja Ratan Singh (1608 to 1632)

o Ratan Singh & his son Madho Singh – fight war against rebels & win during jehangir
reign.

o Jehangir divides Hadoti to Bundi & kota, giving Kota as separate state to madho Singh

o Shah Jehan confirmed grant of Kota to Madho Singh.

• Rao Raja Chhattar Sal Singh (1632 to 1658)

o Chhatar Singh is made governor of Delhi by Prince Dara Shikoh (the son of Moghul
Emperor Shah Jahan), but he dies fighting against Shah Jahan’s successor, Aurangzeb.

• Rao Raja Bhao Singh (1658 to1682)

o Fights Aurangzeb and win against Raja Atmaram. Aurangzeb impressed and reconciles
with Rajao Bhao making him governor of Aurangabad.

• Rao Raja Anirudh Singh (1682 to 1696)

• Rao Raja Budh Singh (1696 to 1735)

o On Aurangzeb death Budh Singh ji supports Bahadoor Shah Alam, wheras Ram Singh of Kota
sides with Prince Azim> Hence, rivalry between Bundi & Kota develops.

• Rao Raja Dalel Singh (1735 to 1749).

• Rao Raja Umaid Singh (1749 to 1770) – (1773 -1804).

• Rao Raja Ajit Singh (1770-1773).

• Rao Raja Bishen Singh (1804-1821).

• Maharao Raja Ram Singh Sahib Bahadur (1821-1889)

22
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Hada of Kota

• Colonel HH Maharao Raja Shri Sir Raghubir Singh Sahib Bahadur (1889-1927)

o Supported Britain in WWI

• Major HH Maharao Raja Shri Sir Iishwari Singh Bahadur (1927-1945).

• HH Maharao Raja Shri Bahadur Singh Bahadur (1945-77).

Hada of Kota

• Kota seceded from Bundi in 1631.

• Between 1707- 1713 it was again reunited with Bundi

• Kota became British protectorate in 1817.

• Kota rulers bore the title “Maharao”.

Rulers of Kota:

• Madho Singh

o 2nd Son of raja rattan Singh of Bundi, who confirmed grant of Kota to Madho Singh & separation,
took place.

• Mukund Singh

• Jagat Singh

• Kishore Singh

• Ram Singh I (1696-1707)

• United with Bundi (1707-13)

• Bhim Singh I (1713-20)

23
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Jhalas of Jhalawar

• Arjun Singh (1720-23)

• Durjan Sal (1723-56)

• Ajit Singh (b. bf.1756-57)

• Chhatar Sal Singh I (1757-64)

• Guman Singh (1764-71)

• Umaid Singh I (1771-1819)

o Dewan Zalim Singh – formed state of Jhalawar – 1791

• Kishor Singh II (1819-28)

• Ram Singh II (1828-1866)

• Chhatar Sal Singh II (1866-89)

• Umaid Singh II (1889-1940)

• Maharo Bhim Singh II (1940-1947)

Jhalas of Jhalawar

Jhala Zalim Singh , the dewan of Kota, developed Jhalawar (then Chaoni Umedpura ) as cantonment
& township, to isolate Kota from Maratha invaders. In 1838, British rulers separated Jhalawar state
from Kota state and gave it to Jhala Madan Singh, grandson of Jhala Zalim Singh.

Rulers of Jhalawar:

• Madan Singh (1838–1845)

o 1st independent ruler of Jhalawar.

• Pirthi Singh (1845–1875)

• Bakht or Zalim Singh (1875–1897)

24
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Deora of Sirohi

• HH Sh. Bhawani Singh (1897–1929)

• HH Sh. Rajendra Singh (1929–1943)

• HH Sh. Harish Chandra (1943-till merger of Jhalawar State in Rajasthan.)

Deora of Sirohi

The Name Sirohi had been derived from Siranwa hills on the Western Slope of which it stands. In 1405,
Rao Sobha Ji (Sixth in descent from Rao Deoraj, the Progenitor of the Deora Clan of Chauhans )
founded a town Shivpuri on eastern slope of Siranwa hill which is called KHUBA.

Sehastramal, the son of Rao Sobha ji founded the present city SIROHI on western slope and laid
foundation stone of the Sirohi fort on second day of Vaisakh in the year 1482 (V.S.) i.e. 1425 (A.D.) on
the top the present town of Sirohi and made it his Capital which lies on the Western Slope of the
Siranwa hills, later all the area under Deoras came to be known as Sirohi.

After Independence an agreement was signed between Central Government and minor ruler of Sirohi
State, with this the State Administration of the Sirohi State was taken over by Bombay Government
from 5th January 1949 to 25th January 1950. The first administrator representing a bombay state was
Prema Bhai Patel. After final merger with Rajasthan in 1950, an area of 787 Sq. Km. consisting of
Aburoad and Delwara tehsils of Sirohi district was renamed with the Bombay State on 01, Nov. 1956,
after the recommendation of the State organisation Commission, which forms the present position of
the district

Rulers of Sirohi State:

Raos

• Durjan Singh – 1697 – 1705

• Umaid Singh I – 1705 – 1749

• Prithvi Singh – 1749 – 1773

• Takhat Singh – 1773 – 1781

• Jagat Singh – 1773 – 1782

25
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

• Verisalji II – 1782 – 1808

• Udaibhan Singh – 1808 – 1847

• Sheo Singh -Regent – 1847 – 1862

• Umaid Singh -Regent – 1861 – 1862

• Umaid Singh II – 8 Dec 1862 – 16 Sep 1875

• Keshri Singh – 16 Sep 1875 – 1 Jul 1889

Maha Raos

• Keshri Singh – 1 Jul 1889 – 29 Apr 1920

• Sarup Ram Singh – 29 Apr 1920 – 23 Jan 1946

• Tej Ram Singh – 5 May 1946 – 15 Aug 1947

• Maharani Krishna – 5 May 1946 – 15 Aug 1947.

26
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan The Kingdom of Mewar

The Kingdom of Mewar

The kingdom of Mewar includes present day districts of Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Udaipur, Dungarpur,
Banswara. The region was originally called Medhpaat and Lord Shiva (Ekling Nath) is called
Medhpateshwar (Lord of Medhpaat). Over time, the name Medhpath became Mewar.

The creators of Mewar's ruling dynasty in Rajputana came originally from the Guhilot clan. Foundation
stories claim this clan originated in Kashmir and migrated to Gujarat in the sixth century. In the
seventh century they migrated again, to the plains of Mewar, in the area around Magda, which was
named after one of the earliest clan leaders.

Guhils of Chittorgarh

• Guhil

o He is known as the founder of Guhil dynasty.

o Originally he was born in Anandnagar, Gujarat but in 565 C.E, he established independent
city at Nagda (Udaipur).

Bappa Rawal

o Born as Kalbhoj

o Is said to have defeated Maan Mori and laid foundation of Guhilot Dynasty rule in
Mewar.

o Formed triple alliance with Nagabhatta & Jaysimha to defeat Arabs in Battle of
Rajasthan.

• Khumar (753 – 773 )

• Mattat (773 – 793 )

27
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Guhils of Chittorgarh

• Bhratrabhat (773 – 813 )

• Sinha (813 – 828)

• Khuman II (828 – 853)

o Repelled up to 24 Muslim attacks.

o Ruled a Golden Age in Mewar.

• Mahayak (853 – 878)

• Khuman III (878 – 942)

• Bhratrabhat II (942 – 943)

• Allat (943 – 953)

o Possibly near start of his reign, Allat is driven from Chittor by the Paramara king of Malwa,
Munja Raja, who then rules Chittor and is succeeded by his nephew, Raja Bhoj. Allat
establishes a new capital at ancient Ahar.

• (953 – 971)

o The death of Allat leaves a gap in the succession, and there is no Guhilot leader at all for a
total of eight years while the Paramaras attack Ahar. The Paramara king, Vakpati Raj of
Malwa, rules Chittor. It takes until 971 for a new Guhilot king to reign.

• Naravan / Narvahan (971 – 973)

• Shalivahan (973 – 977)

• Shaktikumar (977 – 993 )

• Amba Prasad (993 – 1007)

o Fought against Mahmud Ghazni (Yamin-ud-Dawlah Mahmud).

• Suchivarma (1007 – 1021)

• Narvarma (1021 – 1035)

• Kirtivarma (1035 – 1051)

• Yograj (1051 – 1068)

• Bairat / Vairat(1068 – 1088)

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Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Guhils of Chittorgarh

• Hanspal (1088 – 1103)

• Vairi Singh (1103 – 1107)

• Vijay Singh (1107 – 1127)

• Ari Singh I (1127 – 1138)

o Chittor is again captured by Malwa.

• Chaur Singh (1138 – 1148)

o The Western Chalukyas attack the Paramaras who hold Chittor.

• Vikram Singh / Vikramaditya I (1148 – 1158)

• Karan Singh (1158 – 1168)

o The royal family divides, possibly near the end of Karan Singh’s reign. His son Rahap
establishes the Sisodia branch of the family while another son, Mahap, establishes the
Dungarpur kingdom.

• Kshem Singh (1168 – 1172)

• Samant Singh (1172 – 1179)

o Samant Singh occupies Bagar (in the Dungarpur area) during his reign. After seven years on
the throne he is slain by Kirtipal Solanki of Nadol in battle at Ghaggar (Punjab).

• Kumar Singh(1179 – 1191)

o Possibly relocated capital to Nagda at end of his reign.

• Mathan Singh (1191 – 1211)

o 1191 – 1192 – Mathan Singh fights in the Battles of Tarain, in which the Chauhan ruler,
Prithviraj III, and the Rajput confederation which includes Mewar (the Hindu League) are
defeated by the Ghurid Sultan Mohammed Ghuri.

o 1207 – Chittor is taken and ruled by the Western Chalukyas just as they are facing their own
terminal decline.

• Padam Singh (1211 – 1213)

• Jait Singh / Jaitra Singh (1213 – 1253)

29
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Guhils of Chittorgarh

o During his reign, Jait Singh defeats the Malwa Rajputs who rule Chittor, reinstating its fort as
the capital of Mewar. This probably occurs shortly after Sultan Iltutmish of Delhi has
destroyed Nagda.

o 1234 – Sultan Iltutmish of Delhi is defeated by Mewar when he invades the region.

• 1253 – 1261

o There is an apparent interregnum. No known ruler of Mewar exists during this period,
although the circumstances behind the gap are unknown. The relation of the next known
ruler of Mewar to his predecessor is also unknown.

• Tej Singh (1261 – 1267)

• 1267 – 1273

o There is a second apparent interregnum. No known ruler of Mewar exists during this
period, and the fate of Tej Singh is unknown, as are the circumstances behind the gap
are unknown. It takes six years for Tej Singh’s son to ascend the throne.

• Samar Singh (1273 – 1302)

o Samar Singh builds wall around Mahasati in Chittor. His son, Kumbh Karan, migrates to
Nepal (where his descendants become the Nepalese royal family).

• Ratan Singh (1302 – 1303)

o Last Guhilot king to rule.

o 1303 – 1st Jauhar of Chittor

o Ala ud din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, rallied his forces against Mewar, in 1303 AD. The
Chittorgarh fort was till then considered impregnable and grand, atop a natural hill. But
his immediate reason for invading the fort was his obsessive desire to capture Rani
Padmini, the unrivalled beautiful queen of Rana Ratan Singh. The Rana, out of
politeness, allowed the Khilji to view Padmini through a set of mirrors. But this viewing
of Padmini further fired Khilji’s desire to possess her. After the viewing, as a gesture of
courtesy, when the Rana accompanied the Sultan to the outer gate, he was treacherously
captured. Khilji conveyed to the queen that the Rana would be released only if she
agreed to join his harem. But the queen had other plans. She agreed to go to his camp if

30
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Mewar

permitted to go in a Royal style with an entourage, in strict secrecy. Instead of her going,
she sent 700 well armed soldiers disguised in litters and they rescued the Rana and took
him to the fort. But Khilji chased them to the fort where a fierce battle ensued at the
outer gate of the fort in which the Rajput soldiers were overpowered and the Rana was
killed. Khilji won the battle on August 26, 1303. Soon thereafter, instead of surrendering
to the Sultan, the royal Rajput ladies led by Rani Padmini preferred to die through the
Rajput’s ultimate tragic rite of Jauhar (self immolation on a pyre).

o Administration of the captured state is handed to the ruler of the neighbouring state of
Jalore, Maldeo.

Sisodia of Mewar
• Rana Hammir (1326-64)

o Progenitor (Shuruwat karne wala) of the Sisodia clan

o Built the Annapoorna Mata temple, located in the Chittorgarh Fort

o Alauddin Khilji defeated Rana Ratan Singh (Padmini ne Jaauhar kiya) and transferred
administration of new territories ( including chitter) to Maldeo, ruler of Jalore.

o Maldeo , married his widowed daughter Songari with Rana Hammir.

o Hammir organized overthrow of Maldeo and established Mewar again in 1326.

• Khaitsi or Khetra Singh (1364-82)

o Son of Rana Hammir

o Conquered back, Mandalgarh, Ajmer, Mandsore & area of Chappan.

o Obtained victory over Sultan of Delhi at Bakrole.

o The Kumbalgarh inscription says that “he captured Zafar Khan.- Sultan of Gujarat.

• Rana Lakha (1382- 1421)

o Defeated the imperial army of Delhi at Badnor

31
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Mewar

o Had two Sons – Elder – Rana Choonda – who took oath not to claim throne of mewar –
in the exchange of his father’s marriage to Rani Hansa Bai.

o In compensation – his symbol Lance (Bhala) was superadded to autograph of prince in

all grants to vassals. Hence, Lance of Saloombra still precedes monogram of Rana.

o In line with promise, Rana Mokul (Son from Hansa Bai) succeeded throne.

• Rana Mokul/Mokal Singh (1421-1433)

o After Rana Lakha, as Rana Mokul was minor, Rana Choonda started taking care of
administration.

o But Rani Hansa bai, did not like and asked Rana choonda to leave. He left.

o Rani seek help of father Ranmal of Marwar but later understood intentions of Ranmal.

o Rani called back Choonda, who came in and rescued Mokul Singh.

o Had 3 sons = Rana Kumbha + 2 & daughter Lal Bae.

• Rana Kumbha (1433-68)

o In 1433, defeated Sultan of Malwa, Mahmud Khilji, in Battle of Mandalgarh and Banas.

o Erected Vijay Stambh (victory tower) – 37 meter/9 floors.

o Erected 32 Forts in defense of Mewar. Including highest fort in Rajasthan (MRL 1075m) –
Kumbhalgarh

o Additionally he also costructed, the Ranakpur Trailokya-dipaka Jain temple with its
adornments, the Kumbhasvami and Adivarsha temples of Chittor and the Shantinatha
Jain temple.

o Credited with writing the Samgita-raja, the Rasika-priya commentary on the

Gitagovinda, the Sudaprabandha, and the Kamaraja-ratisara.

o Sangita-ratnakara and Sangita-krama-dipaka (two books on music by Rana Kumbha.

o During his reign, scholar Atri and his son Mahesa wrote the prashasti (edict) of the
Chittor Kirti-stambha and Kahana Vyasa wrote the Ekalinga-mahamatya.

o Rana kumbha successfully defended Mewar and expanded his territory at a time when
he was surrounded by enemies like Mahmud Khilji of Malwa, Qutbuddin of Gujrat, Shams
Khan of Nagaur and Rao Jodha of Marwar.

32
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Mewar

• Rana Udai Singh I ( 1468-73)

o A In a patricide, Rana Kumbha was killed by his son Udaysimha (Udai Singh I) or Ooda
Singh

o Defeated by his brother – Raemul in battles of Jawar, Darimpur and Pangarh

• Rana Raemul (1473- 1508)

o Other Son – Raemul finally succeeded Khumbha

o By marrying Sringardevi (daughter of Rao Jodha), Raimal ended the conflict with the
Rathores.

• Rana Sanga ( Sangram Singh ) (1508-1528)

o Battle of Gagron: defeated Sultan of Malwa

o Battles of Idgar: 3 battles: fought between Bhar Mal & Rae Mal two princes of Idar, Rana
Sanga supported Rae mal.

o Battle of Khatoli & Dholpur: Sanga defeated Ibrahim Lodhi

o Gujarat Invasion: laid seize at Ahmadnagar (Himmatnagar) – defeated Sultan.

o Battle of Khanwa: was defeated by Babur

• Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)

• Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)

o During his reign, Sultan of Gujarat Bahadur Shah sacked Chittor in 1534, Udai Singh
was sent to Bundi for safety.

o Rana Sanga’s wife Karnavati –send Rakhi to Humayun.

o But Humayun late – 2nd Jauhar of Chittor

• Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)

o Vanvir killed Vikramaditya Singh, and was about to kill Udai Singh II, when Panna
Dhai, rescued him with sacrifice of her won child.

• Udai Singh II (1540–1572)

o 1540, he was crowned in Kumbhalgarh by the nobles of Mewar.

33
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Mewar

o Maharana Pratap born in same year (9th May-1540)

o In 1562, he gave refuge to Baz Bahadur of Malwa. Using this as a pretext, Akbar attacked
Mewar in October 1563.

o Udai Singh retired to Gogunda.

o Rao Jaimal & Patta – fought with Valor – even Akbar impressed – statute erected at
Fatehpur Sikri

o Jauhar- 3rd Jauhar of chittor (1568)

o Founded city of Udaipur. This became the capital of Mewar from here on.

• Maharana Pratap(9th May 1540- 29 Jan 1597)

o Pratap Jayanti, is celebrated annually on the 3rd day of the Jyestha Shukla.

o 1576-Akbar deputed Man Singh I against Maharana Pratap – 18 June 1576- Battle of
Haldighati – Pratap defeated.

o Slowly, Pratap recovered many of the territories , made Chavand

o Tod, the famous British antiquarian, gave Pratap the title of ‘Leonidas of Rajasthan’.

• Amar Singh I (1597-1620)

o Born 1559, same year as Udaipur foundation laid by Udai Singh.

o Amar Singh fought with Jehangir

o Battle of Dewar – showed great bravery – killed commander sultan.

o Finally, made peace with Jehangir – treaty negotiated by Shah Jehan – Amar Singh was
relieved of making in person presence to Mughal court.

• Karan Singh II (1620–1628)

• Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)

o Made jag Mandir in Lake Pichola

• Raj Singh I (1652–1680)

34
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Mewar

o Made Rajsamand

• Jai Singh (1680–1698)

o Treaty with Aurangzeb

o Made Lake Jaisamand

• Amar Singh II (1698–1710)

• Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)

• Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)

• Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)

• Raj Singh II (1754–1762)

• Ari Singh II (1762–1772)

• Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)

• Bhim Singh (1778–1828)

• Jawan Singh (1828–1838)

• Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)

o Adopted son of Maharana Swarup Singh

o He was the first to set up a school for girls and thus promoted opportunities of
education for everyone.

o He enforced special measures to curb the Sati pratha

• Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)

o Cousin – was adopted by Maharana Shambhu Singh.

• Fateh Singh (1884–1930)

o Adopted by Sajjan Singh

o Built Cannuaght dam on Lake Dewali – now named FatehSagar

o Built Fateh Prakash Palace in Chittorgarh fort

35
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Dungarpur

o Only Maharaja to not attend the Delhi Durbar, both of 1903 and 1911.

• Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

o On 28 July 1921, following some social unrest in Mewar, Fateh Singh was formally
deposed – Bhupal Singh made ruler.

o On 18 April 1948 he became Rajpramukh of Rajasthan and from 1 April 1949 his title
was raised to Maha Rajpramuk

Sisodia of Dungarpur

In 1197, Samant Singh, the eldest son of the ruler of Mewar, Karan Singh, the Guhils of Mewar
(Udaipur) established their suzerainty in this area.

It is mentioned in the ‘Khyats’ that Maharawal Veer Singh Dev, the Sixth descendant of Sawant Singh
of Mewar, assassinated powerful Bhil Chieftain Dungaria and took possession of Dungaria’s village
and founded that town of Dungarpur in 1258 A.D.

Rulers of Dungarpur:

• Rawal Veer Singh

o Founded State of Dungarpur

o Killed in the sack of Chittor by Allauddin Khilji.

• Bhachundi

o Erected the Hanumat Pol

• Rawal Gopinath

o Victory over Ahmedshah, the Sultan of Gujarat in 1433 A.D.

o Built the Gaipsagar lake at Dungarpur

• Rawal Somdasji

o Repelled the invasion of Sultan Mahmood Shah and Gayasuddin

• Maharawal Udai Singh I

36
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Dungarpur

• Divided ‘Vagad’ into two parts. The western portion, with the capital at Dungarpur, he retained
for his elder son Prithviraj and the eastern portion subsequently known as Banswara, gave to
his younger son Jagmal.

• Maharawal Askaran

o Acknowledged the Mughal suzerainty and became a vassal of the Empire

• Maharawal Punjaraj

o Emperor Shahjahan, conferred on him the insignia of the ‘Mahimaratib’ and a grant of a
Dedhahazari Mansab’ and ‘Izzat’ to 1,500 ‘Sawars in recognition of the services rendered
by him to the Emperor in his campaigns in the Daccan.

• Maharawal Khuman Singh (1691 – 1702)

• Maharawal Ram Singh (1702 – 1730 )

o The Marahattas invaded territory.

• Maharawal Shiv Singh (1730 – 1785)

o Became an ally of the Marahattas

• Maharawal Vairi Sal (1785 – 1790 )

• Maharawal Fateh Singh (1790 – 1808)

• Maharawal Jashwant Singh (1808 – Dec 1845)

o Signed treaty of perpetual friendship, alliance and unity of interests was concluded with
the British crown on 11th December, 1818 A.D

• Maharawal Udai Singh (1846 – 1898)

o Rendered loyal services to the British Government in the Mutiny of 1857

• Maharawal Bijai Singh (Feb 1898 – Nov 1918)

• Maharawal Laxman Singh (Nov 1918 – 15 Aug 1947 )

o Awarded Knight Commander- KCSI (1935) and Knight Grand Commander GCIE (1947)

o After independence became a Member of the Rajya Sabha twice, in 1952 and 1958, and
later a member of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly (MLA) in 1962 and 1989.

37
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Banswara

o It was in 1945 that the ‘Dungarpur Rajya Praja Mandal’ came into existence and a year
later in 1946, a demand was made for grant of responsible Government under the aegis
of the ruler. In March, 1948 the ruler announced the grant of responsible Government.
However, on the inauguration of the United States of Rajasthan the local Government
came to an end when the administration of the State was handedover to ‘ Rajpramukh’
of the newly formed union of State and Dungarpur was constituted as a district of the
United States of Rajasthan.

Sisodia of Banswara

The princely state of Banswara was established by Jagmal Singh after defeating and killing a Bhil ruler
Bansia or Wasna. The district is said be named after the same Bhil ruler or probably for the "bans" or
bamboo forests in the area. Banswara State became a British protectorate on 16 November 1818.

• Rawal JAGMAL DAS

o Younger son of Rawal Udai Singhji I of Dungarpur, founded state on Banswara in 1527.

• Rawal JAI SINGH,

• Rawal PRATAP SINGH,

• Rawal KHANA DEV,

• Rawal KALYAN SINGH,

• Rawal AGAR SINGH,

• Rawal UDAI SINGH I,

• Rawal SAMAR SINGH,

• Rawal KUSHAL SINGH,

• Rawal AJAB SINGH,

• Rawal BHIM SINGH,

• Rawal BISHAN SINGH

38
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Pratapgarh

• Rawal UDAI SINGH II,

• Maharawal PRITHVI SINGH

• Maharawal BIJAI SINGH

• Maharawal UMAID SINGH,

• Maharawal BHAWANI SINGH,

• Maharawal BAHADUR SINGH,

• HH Maharawal LAKSHMAN SINGH,

• HH Maharawal SHAMBHU SINGH

• HH Sri Raj-i-Rajan Maharawal Sir PRITHVI SINGH Bahadur

• HH Sri Raj-i-Rajan Maharawal CHANDRAVEER SINGH Bahadur

• HH Sri Raj-i-Rajan Maharawal SURYAVEER SINGH Bahadur

• HH Sri Raj-i-Rajan Maharawal JAGMAL SINGH II Bahadur

Sisodia of Pratapgarh

In the 14th century, Maharana Kumbha (1433–1468) ruled ruled mewar with capital at Chittorgarh.
Due to a dispute, Kumbha expelled his younger brother Kshemkarn (1437–1473), from his territory.
Kshemkarn’s family too refuge in the Aravali ranges, in the southernmost part of Mewar regime.

In 1514, Kshemkarn’s son Prince Surajmal (1473–1530) became the ruler of Devalia (Devgarh)
and established his capital of ‘Kanthal-Desh‘ at Dewaliya (also called Devgarh).

As the climate of Devgarh was not found to be suitable by the royal family, one of the descendants of
Surajmal, Maharawat Pratapsingh of 10th generation (1673–1708) started to build a new town near
native village Devgarh in 1689–1699 and named it as Partapgarh,

39
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Sisodia of Pratapgarh

At that time, the area of Pratapgarh was reported to be about 889 square miles, whereas Dhariyawad,
another small town near Pratapgarh, was founded by Rana Sahasmal, the grandson of
legendary Maharana Pratap in the mid 15th century.

Rulers of Pratapgarh:

• Soorajmal (1473–1530)

o Founded Dewaliya, predecessor to Pratapgarh.

• Bagh Singh (1530–1535),

• Rai Singh (1535–1552),

• Vikram Singh (1552–1563),

• Tej Singh (1563–1593),

• Bhanu Singh (1593–1597),

• Singha (1597–1628),

• Jaswant Singh (1628)

• Hari Singh (1628–1673)

• Maharawat Pratap Singh (1673–1708),

o Founder Pratapgarh

• Prithwi Singh (1708–1718),

• Sangram Singh (1718–1719)

• Ummed Singh (1719–1721)

• Gopal Singh (1721–1756)

• Saalim Singh (1756–1774)

40
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

o Obtained written permission from the then Mughal king Shah Alam II to introduce a
local currency for his state and named it as Saalimshahi-Sikka (coin), which was made in a
local mint-(Partabgarh-Taksal).

• Maharawat Saamant Singh (1774–1844)

o North-western part of this region had very dense forests, a separate state forest
department in 1828, was created to manage state’s exceptionally rich forest-wealth.

• Maharawat Dalpat singh (1844–1864)

• Maharawat Uday Singh (1864–1890)

o Introduced some reforms, established civil courts, started relief works during the
notorious Great Famine of 1876-78, opened fair price shops for the citizens and also
exempted certain civilian taxes.

o Uday Singh built a new palace in Pratapgarh for himself in the year 1867 AD more or
less on the lines of those built by the Britishers and started living there.

• Maharawat Raghunath Singh (1890–1929)

• Maharawat Sir Ram Singh (1929–1940)

• Ambika Pratap Singh (1940–1948)

o Who lives in Pune after leaving his native place.

41
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Bhattis of Jaisalmer

Bhattis of Jaisalmer

Jaisalmer kingdom was established in south-western Rajasthan . Once seat of Bhatti Rajputs, has been
nicknamed “Golden City” owing to yellow sandstone structures and the gold-coloured desert
surrounding it.

Rulers of Jaisalmer (1156 -1947)

• Rawal Jaisal/Jessul (1156-68)

o The Bhatti capital at Lodorva (Ludarva) is destroyed by Shihab ud-Din Muhammad

(Shihabuddin), the Afghan chief of Ghor.

o Rawal Jaisal laid foundation of new kingdom with Jaisalmer as its capital.

• Salbahan (1168) -> Baijal – >Chachak Deo -> Tej Rao

• Rao Jaitsi (1276 –

o Faced 8 years seize by Allaudin Khilji

o 1st jauhar of Jaisalmer. (1295)

• Karan Singh — > Moolraj — > Ratan Singh à Lakhan Sen

• Dudar

o 2nd Jauhar of Jaisalmer – against Feroz Shah of Delhi

42
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Bhattis of Jaisalmer

• Kanar – Punpal – Kehar II – Somji – Lachman – Kailan – Kilkaran – Satal – Bersi – Chachack Deo
II – Devidas – Jaitsi II – Karan Singh II

• Rawal Lunkarn (1530-51)

o 3rd Jauhar of Jaisalmer- also called half jauhar of Jaisalmer – against local Afghan chief
Amir Ali .

o Why half Jauhar – Amir Ali obtained Rawal Lunakaran’s permission to let his wives
visit the queens of Jaisalmer. But Instead of women he sent armed warriors, which took
the guards of the fort by surprise. As there was insufficient time to arrange a funeral
pyre and battle seemed lost, Rawal slaughtered his womenfolk with his own hands.
However, soon reinforcements arrived, sparing the men from the Jauhar and Amir Ali
was defeated. Hence, it is called a half jauhar or Sako.

• Rawal Maldeo (1551-62)

• Rawal Harraj (1562-78)

o Submitted to Akbar

• Rawal Bhim Singh (1578 – 1624)

• Rawal Kalyandas (1624 – 1634)

• Rawal Manohardas(1634 – 1648)

• Rawal Ramchandra (1648 – 1651)

• Rawal Sahal Singh (1651 – 1661)

o Assists Emperor Shah Jahan in his Peshawar campaign.

• Maharawal Amar Singh(1661 – 1702)

• Maharawal Jaswant Singh(1702 – 1708)

• Maharawal Budha Singh(1708 – 1722)

• Maharawal Akhai Singh (1722 – 1762)

o Concluded peace with Bikaner.

43
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Bhattis of Hanumangarh

• Maharawal Mulraj Singh II (1762 – 1819)

o Signed treaty of friendship with the British for protection.

• Maharawal Gaj Singh(1819 – 1846)

• Maharawal Ranjit Singh (1846 – 1864)

• Maharawal Bairisal Singh (1864 – 1891)

• Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III Bahadur(1891 – 1914)

• Maharawal Sir Jawahir Singh Bahadur (1914 – 1949)

Bhattis of Hanumangarh

During early times, Hanumangarh was the kingdom of ‘Bhati’ Rajputs. Bhupat, son of Bhati King of
Jaisalmer founded the city and named it as Bhatner, in the memory of his father. Further, he also built
Bhatner Fort in 295 A.D. Since then, rulers like Timur, Ghaznavis, PrtihviRaj Chauhan, Akbar, Qutub-
ud-din-Aybak and Rathores had captured this fort.

Finally, in 1805, the Bhattis were defeated at Bhatner by Raja of Bikaner Soorat Singh. Since this
conquest occurred on Tuesday, which is considered as the day of Lord Hanuman, the Soorat
Singh changed the name from Bhatner to Hanumangarh.

Deo of Karauli

The predecessor state of the princely state of Karauli, the Kingdom of Mathura, was founded about 995
by Raja Bijai Pal a Yaduvanshi Rajput ruler. Historical data point to Arjun Deo as the founder of the
Karauli State in 1348.he capital was successively in the towns of Mathura, Dwarika, Bayana, Timan
Garh, Andher Kotla, Mandrayal, U’ntgir and Bahadurpur.

During the 18th century Karauli was under the Maratha Empire until the Marathas were defeated by
the British. In 1817, Karauli’s ruler signed a treaty with the East India Companyand became a British
protectorate, the status was maintained till the independence of India in 1947.

44
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Deo of Karauli

Rulers of Karauli State:

The rulers of the state bore the title ‘Maharaja’. Karauli was ruled by Jadubansi Rajputs.

Maharajas

• 1688 – 1724 Kunwar Pal II

• 1724 – 1757 Gopal Singh

• 1757 – 1772 Tursam Pal

• 1772 – 1804 Manik Pal

• 1804 – 1805 Amola Pal

• 1805 – 1837 Herbaksh Pal

• 1837 – 1849 Pratap Pal

• 1849 – 1852 Narsingh Pal

• 1852 – 1854 Bharat Pal

• 1854 – 1869 Madan Pal

• 1869 Lakshman Pal

• 1869 – 1875 Jaisingh Pal

• 1869 – 1871 Vrishbhan Singh Tanwar -Regent

• 1876 – 1886 Arjun Pal II

• 1886 – 1927 Sir Bhanwar Pal

• 1927 – 1947 Sir Bhom Pal

• 1947 – 1947 Ganesh Pal

45
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan

Kachwaha Dynasty

T.H. Hendley states that the Kachwaha clan is believed to have settled in an early era at Rohtas
(Rahatas) on the Son River in present-day Bihar. He notes that their notable seats of power were in
present day Madhya Pradesh including Kutwar, Gwalior, Dubkhund, Simhapaniya and Narwar
(Nalapura). This second westward migration to Madhaya Pradesh is said to have been initiated under
Raja Nala, the legendary founder of Narwar.

According to Rudolf Hoernle (1905), the Kachhwahas are related to the Gurjara-Pratiharas. He identifies
similarities between the names of the line of rulers of Kannauj (mid-10th century) with the recorded
line of eight Kachwaha rulers of Gwalior (based on the Sas-Bahu inscription of Mahipal).

Historians state that the Kacchapaghatas, like the Chandellas and Paramaras, originated as tributaries
of the preceding powers of the region. They point out that it was only following the downfall, during
the 8th–10th centuries AD, of Kannauj (regional seat of power following the breakup of Harsha's
empire), that the Kacchapaghata state emerged as a principal power in the Chambal valley of present-
day Madhya Pradesh. Archaeological artifacts largely support this view: Kacchapaghata coinage
(minted Gupta-fashion) discovered in Madhya Pradesh and Gopaksetra inscriptions.

Kachwaha Rulers of Dausa

During Medieval period, The Chouhans & Badgurjars ruled this land in 10th Century A.D. The city of
Dausa, rose to fame when it became the first capital of Dundhar. This was in 1006, when the
Kacchawaha Rajput king Duleh Rai annexed the region from the Gujjara-Pratiharas and the Menaj’s
control. The foundation that Dulha Rai, laid in Dausa resulted in Kingdom of Amber and later, Jaipur
by the same dynasty.

46
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Kachwaha Rulers of Amber: (1036 -1727)

Rulers of Dausa:

• Sodh Dev, Raja of Dausa (966-1006)

o Belonged to Chauhan Dynasty

• Dhola Rai, Raja of Dausa (1006-1036)

o In 1006, Dhola Rai married the daughter of Raja Ralhan Singh Chauhan, Raja of Ajmer.
Part of the dowry included the region of Dhundhar.

o Raja Dhola Rai expelled the Badd Gujjar Rajputs from Dhundhar and made alliances
with the Minas (tribal people) by promising the continuance of their tribal customs,
granting them jagirs, and appointing them as kiladars (fort wardens).

• Raja Kokil Dev, (1036 to 1038)

• Raja Hanu Dev, (1039 to 1053)

• Raja Janad Dev, (1053 to 1070)

• Raja Pajwan Dev, (1070 to 1094)

• Raja Melaisi Dev, (1094 to 1146)

• Raja Beejal Dev, Raja of Amber (1146 to 1178)

o The capital was shifted to Amber, and now rulers called as Raja of Amber.

Kachwaha Rulers of Amber: (1036 -1727)

• Raja Beejaldev (1146 – 1179)

o The capital was shifted to Amber, and now rulers called as Raja of Amber.

• Raja Rajdev (1179 – 1216)

• Raja Khilandev (1216 – 1276)

• Raja Kantaldev(1276 – 1317)

• Raja Jansidev(1317 – 1366)

47
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Kachwaha Rulers of Jaipur: (1727- 1947)

• Raja Udaikarna / Udaykarna (1366 – 1388)

• Raja Narsinhadev(1388 – 1413)

• Raja Banbirsinha(1413 – 1424)

• Raja Udharao (1424 – 1453)

• Raja Chandrasen(1453 – 1502)

• Raja Prithviraj Singh(1502 – 1527)

• Raja Puranmal (1527 – 1534)

• Raja Bhim Singh (1534 – 1537)

• Raja Ratan Singh (1537 – 1548)

• Raja Bharmal (1548 – 1574)

o Gave daughter to Akbar

• Raja Bhagwandas (1574 – 1589)

• Mirza Raja Man Singh I (1589 – 1614)

o Battle of Haldighati – against Maharana Pratap

• Mirza Raja Bhao Singh (1614 – 1621)

• Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (1621 – 1667)

o Aurangzeb deputed him against Maratha king Shivaji – forces treaty of Purander.

• Mirza Raja Ram Singh I (1667 – 1688)

• Mirza Raja Bishan Singh (1688 – 1699)

Kachwaha Rulers of Jaipur: (1727- 1947)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Jai Singh II (1699 – 1743)

48
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Kachwaha Rulers of Jaipur: (1727- 1947)

o In 1699, given title of Sawai by Aurangzeb.

o Formed marriage alliance with marwar & mewar to expel Mughal out of rajputana.

o However, patch up again, and appointed as governor of Malwa & Agra.

o A 1721, t Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah bestowed upon him the title of Saramad-i-
Rajaha-i-Hind

o In 1723, added the titles of Raj Rajeshvar, Shri Rajadhiraj and Maharaja Sawai

o Performed Ashwmedha Yajya & Vajapeya (after centuries)

o Built five astronomical observatories (jantar Mantar) at Delhi, Mathura, Benares, Ujjain
& Jaipur.

o In 1727: Laid foundation of Jaipur – designed by Vidhydhar Bhattacharya

o Translated works by people like John Napier.

• Mirza Raja Sawai Ishwari Singh (1743 – 1750)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Madho Singh I (1750 – 1768)

o Was rewarded the fort of Ranthambhore by the Mughal Emperor

o Founder of City Sawai Madhopur

o Got Shaikh Sadi’s Gulistan translated to Sanskrit.

o Freed the Kachhawaha Kingdom from the Maratha

• Mirza Raja Sawai Prithvi Singh II (1768 – 1778)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Pratap Singh (1778 -1803)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Jagat Singh II (1803 – 1818)

• Mohan Singh (regent) (1818 –1819)

o Installed on throne by nobles, but was soon deposed.

• Mirza Raja Sawai Jai Singh III (1819 -1835)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Ram Singh II (1835 -1880)

• Mirza Raja Sawai Madho Singh II (1880 – 1922)

49
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Kachwaha Rulers of Shekhawati

• Mirza Raja Sawai Man Singh II (1922 –1947)

o Adopted Son

o Married Maharani Gayatri Devi

o Rajpramukh of Rajasthan between 1949-1956.

Kachwaha Rulers of Shekhawati

During medieval times, Sikar, Churu and Jhunjhunu district comprise of the Shekhawati region of
Rajasthan. The Shekhawat Rajputs ruled over the Shekhawati region for over 500 years. The
Shekhawats are the most prominent among all the sub-clans of the Kachwaha Dynasty of Jaipur.

Being one of the 65 branches of the Kachhawa ruling clan of Jaipur, the early rulers paid allegiance to
their overlords, the rulers of Amber, but Rao Shekhaji declared himself independent in 1471 and
established a separate principality for his descendants.

• Rao Shekhaji"o
o He declared himself independent in 1471 and established a separate Kingdom of
his "descendants. "
• Rao Raimal "
• Rao Suja Singh "
• Rao Lunkaran "
• Rao Raisal

Shekhawats of Sikar

Raja Bahadur Singh Shekhawat, the Raja of Khandela gifted the village (Beer Bhan Ka Bass) to Rao
Daulat Singh, son of Rao Jaswant Singh of Kasli Thikana. Rao Daulat Singh changed the name of Veer
Bhan Ka Bass village to Sikar in memory of Rao Shekha and constructed a fort here in 1687. In 1721
Daulat Singh’s son Shiv Singh became ruler of Sikar.

50
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Shekhawats of Sikar

• Rao Daulat Singh (1687/1721)

o Founded thikana of Sikar

• Rao Shiv Singh (1721/1748)

o Completed the fort and palaces of Sikar in 1724 and conquered Fatehpur in 1731.

o Erected the famous Temple of Gopinath Ji.

• Rao Samrath Singh (1748/1754)

• Rao Nahar Singh

• Rao Chand Singh

• Rao Devi Singh

o Built forts of Raghunathgarh and Deogarh

o Golden rule in history of Sikar

• Rao Raja Laxman Singh

o Constructed Laxmangarh Fort

• Rao Raja Ram Pratap Singh

• Rao Raja Bhairon Singh

• Rao Raja Sir Madhav Singh Bahadur (1866/1922)

o Credit of making huge Victoria Diamonds Jublee Hall & Madhav Niwas Kothi

o During the terrible famine in 1899, started many famine relief works, example: ‘Madhav
Sagar Pond’ which was built in 1899.

• Rao Raja Kalyan Singh (1922/1967)

o Constructed the clock tower as well as the Kalyan Hospital and College for the welfare
of public

51
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Mewati Khans & Kachwaha Dynasty of Alwar

Mewati Khans & Kachwaha Dynasty of Alwar

Early medieval times, Alwar was ruled by Jadaun clan of Chandravanhi rajputs. In ealy 13 century th

Nahar Khan of the same Chandravanshi clan converted to Islam in thirteenth century during Firuz
Shah Tughlak's regime. Alawar Khan who was the descendent Nahar Khan, established the kingdom
of Alawar in 1412 A.D.

During Mughal period, Khanzada Hasan Khan Mewati fought against invader Babar and later on
Hasan Khan's nephew Jamal Khan gave his two daughters to Humanyun and Bairam khan in
marriage. In the 1550s, Khanzada Rajput king of Ulwar was overthrown by Akbar's military campaign
to encircle Mewar Kingdom.

Later on 25 November 1775, Rao Pratap Singh raised his standard over the Alwar Fort and founded
th

the modern kingdom of Alwar.

Kachwaha Rulers of Modern Alwar State

• Pratap Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1775–1791) Rao Raja of Alwar

o Founded the princely state of Ulwar.

• Bakhtawar Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1791–1815) Rao Raja of Alwar

o He also devoted himself to the work of extension and consolidation of the territory of
the State.

o Maharao Raja Bakhtawar Singh rendered valuable services to Lord Lake, during the
latter's campaign against Marathas, in the battle of Laswari, in the Alwar territory when
the State troops assisted him in finally breaking the Marathas and Jat powers.

o As a result, in 1803, the First Treaty of Offensive and Defensive Alliance was forged
between Alwar State and the East India Company. Thus, Alwar was the first princely
State in India to enter into Treaty Relations with the East India Company.

• Bane Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1815–1857) Maharao Raja of Alwar

• Sheodan Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1857–1874) Maharao Raja of Alwar

• Mangal Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1874–1892) Maharaja of Alwar

• Jai Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1892–1937) Maharaja of Alwar

o It was in the times of Jai Singh that name of state was changed from Ulwar to Alwar.

52
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Jats of Bharatpur

• Tej Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1937–1971) Maharaja of Alwar

o Following the independence of India in 1947, Alwar acceded unto the dominion of India.
On 18 March 1948, the state merged with three neighboring princely states (Bharatpur,
Dholpur and Karauli) to form the Matsya Union. This union in turn merged unto the
Union of India. On 15 May 1949, it was united with certain other princely states and the
territory of Ajmer to form the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan.

Jats of Bharatpur

At the end of the 17th century, Jat Baija with his son Rajaram, Zamindar of the village of Sinsini, took
advantage of the weakness of the Mughal Empire to enlarge his territory.Lord Ram’s brother Laxman
is the family deity of the erstwhile royal family of Bharatpur. The name ‘Laxman’ was engraved on the
arms, seals and other emblems of the state.

Rulers of Bharatpur

• Raja Ram, 1670–1688

• Churaman, 1695–1721

o The Jat power in Bharatpur strengthened in the 18th century under the leadership of
Badan Singh and Churaman. However, the Mughals got Jat Churaman killed in 1721.

• Badan Singh, 1722–1756

• Churaman’s brother Badan Singh beacme a very powerful Jat leader following the death of
Churaman.

• Maharaja Suraj Mal, 1756–1767

o Maharaja Suraj Mal captured the fort of Bharatpur by vanquishing Khemkaran, the rival
chieftain and laid the foundation for Bharatpur.

• Maharaja Jawahar Singh, 1767–1768

• Maharaja Ratan Singh, 1768–1769

• Maharaja Kehri Singh, 1769–1771

• Maharaja Nawal Singh, 1771–1776

53
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Jats of Bharatpur

• Maharaja Ranjit Singh, 1776–1805

• Maharaja Randhir Singh, 1805–1823

• Maharaja Baldeo Singh, 1823–1825

• Maharaja Balwant Singh, 1825–1853

• Maharaja Jashwant Singh, 1853–1893

• Maharaja Ram Singh, 1893–1900 (exiled)

• Maharani Girraj Kaur, regent 1900–1918

• Maharaja Kishan Singh, 1900–1929

• Maharaja Brijendra Singh, 1929–1947

o Matsya Union was the first State to be formed in Rajasthan with the integration of
Alwar, Bharatpur, Dholpur and Karauli which joined the Indian Union.

54
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Nawabs of Jhunjhunu

Nawabs of Jhunjhunu

Ancient History of Jhunjhunu, forms part of Indian mythology, with an anecdote that Pandwas, the
heroes of the Mahabharata took bath and bathed their weapons in the Surya Kund, Lohargal.

It is said that, it was ruled over by the Chauhan Dynasty in the Vikram era 1045, and Sidhraj was a
renowned king. In the year 1450 Mohammed Khan & his son Samas khan defeated the Chauhans and
conquered Jhunjhunu.

Mohammed khan was first Nawab of Jhunjhunu. In 1459, his son Samas khan ascended the throne and
. Jhunjhunu was ruled over by of the following Nawabs in succession:

Rulers of Jhunjhunu:

• Mohammed Khan

o First Nawab of Jhunjhunu

• Samas Khan

o Ascended throne in 1459

o Founded the village Samaspur and got Samas Talab constructed

• Fateh Khan

• Mubark Shah

• Kamal Khan

55
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan Nawabs of Jhunjhunu

• Bheekam Khan

• Mohabat Khan

• Khijar Khan

• Bahadur Khan

• Samas Khan Sani

• Sultan khan

• Vahid Khan

• Saad Khan

• Fazal Khan

• Rohilla Khan

o Last Nawab of Jhunjhun

o Shardul Singh, diwan of Rohilla Khan, occupied jhunjhunu, after the death of Rohilla
Khan in 1730.

Shardul Singh

• Shardul Singh was as brave as his ancestor Rao Shekha ji.

• He ruled for twelve years, after his death the estate was divided equally among his five
sons. The administration by his five sons was cumulatively known as “Panchpana”.

• Their descendants continued to rule over it till Indian Independence in 1947.

56
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan The Kingdom of Dholpur

The Kingdom of Dholpur

Ancient Period:

• The History of Dholpur date back to the Buddha’s Period. During that period , Dholpur was
included in Matsya Janpad. During Mauryan rule it was included in the Mauryan Empire.

Early Medieval:

• Around the 8th to 10th centuries, Chauhans ruled over it. In the year 1194 it remained under
Mohammed Gauri.

Tomar Rule:

• It is believed that the city got its name Dhawalpuri (then Dholpur) after Raja Dholan Deo
Tomar, the Tomar ruler who established the city in 700 AD.

Yadava rulers of Karauli

• The Tomars lost sovereignty to Jadu’s of Karauli. The Dholpur fort was built by Dharampal,
Raja of Karauli in 1120 A.D

Sultanate Period:

• In 1502, Sikandar Lodi defeated Dholpur King Vinayak Dev and captured Dholpur.

57
Important Dynaties of Rajasthan The Kingdom of Dholpur

Mughal Period:

• After the death of Ibrahim Lodi, many states declared themselves independent. Mohammed
Jaifoon declared himself the ruler of Dholpur. Babar sent Junniad Barlas to Dholpur, who
crushed the rebellion and took over the administration of Dholpur in his own hands.

Gurjar rule

• After the death of Aurangzeb, Raja Kalyan Singh Gurjar occupied the fort till 1761 AD, whence
Raja of Bharatpur, the Jat ruler Maharaja Surajmal took control of the fort.

Bamraulia rulers

In Second Anglo-Maratha War between the British and Marathas at Laswari on 1 November 1803, Lord
Lake defeated Sindhia. In this war the Jats helped the British. Later, the British concluded a treaty with
the Jats and with their help defeated Marathas and won back Gwalior and Gohad from them. The
British kept Gwalior with them but returned Gohad to the Jats in 1804.

Gohad was handed over to Marathas under a revised treaty dated 22 November 1805 between
Marathas and British. Under the treaty, Gohad ruler Rana Kirat Singh was given Dhaulpur, Badi and
Rajakheda in exchange. Rana Kirat Singh moved to Dhaulpur in December 1805. Thus the Rana Jat
rulers of Bamraulia gotra ruled Gohad for 300 years from 1505–1805 and after that their rule was
transferred at Dholpur.

On 10 January 1806 Dholpur became a British protectorate

Rulers of Dholpur (title Maharaja Rana)

• Kirat Singh (1806-1836)

• Pohap Singh (1836)

• Bhagwant Singh (1836 – 1873)

• Nihal Singh (1873 – 1901)

• Maharani Sateha Devi (1873 – d. 1884) Bhawa (f) -Regent

• Ram Singh (1901-1911)

• Udai Bhan Singh (29 Mar 1911 – 15 Aug 1947)

o Signed the instrument of accessionto the Indian Union on 7 April 1949

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Important Dynaties of Rajasthan The Kingdom of Dholpur

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