Appendix

TABLEA.1 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

A area COP coefficient of performance. cooling

ACH air changes per hour COP" coefficient of performance. heating
AFUE annual fuel utilization efficiency c specific heat
BF bypass factor clo clothing thermal resistance
BF ballast factor D diameter
BHP brake horsepower D degree days
BTU British thermal unit DB dry bulb temperature
C degrees Celsius DP dew point temperature
C loss coefficient d density
C thenna! conductance d.a. dry air
CD correction factor for degree days dB decibel(s)
Cp correction factor for equipment part load E edge factor
efficiency E efficiency
CF . contact factor EER energy efficiency ratio
CFM ft 3/min E.L. equivalent length
CHW chilled water EST effective surface temperature
CLF cooling load factor ETD equivalent temperature difference
CLTD cooling load temperature difference F degrees Fahrenheit
CLTDc cooling load temperature difference, corrected F force

487
488 APPENDIX

TABLEA.1 (Continued)

f friction factor Pa Pascal

f correction factor for ceiling ventilation P pressure
ft foot/feet Pabs absolute pressure
GLF glass load factor Patm atmospheric pressure
GPM gallons per minute Pg gage pressure
g gravitational constant Pvac vacuum pressure
g gram(s) psf Ib/ft 2
gal gallon(s) psi lb/in?
gr grain(s) psia Ib/in.2 absolute
H total enthalpy psig Ib/in. 2 gage
H head pressure Q heat; heat transfer rate
He elevation head Q/ latent heat
Hi friction loss Qs sensible heat
Hp pump or fan head Q, total heat
Hs static head R degrees Rankine
H, total head R thermal resistance
H .. velocity head R gas constant
Hg mercury R recovery factor
Hz frequency RH relative humidity
HP horsepower RLCL room latent cooling load
HW hot water RSCL room sensible cooling load
h specific enthalpy RSHR room sensible heat ratio
hJ specific enthalpy of saturated liquid RTCL room total cooling load
hi;' latent heat of vaporization SC shade coefficient
he specific enthal py of saturated vapor SEER seasonal energy efficiency ratio
hr hour SHGF solar heat gain factor
m. inch(es) SHR sensible heat ratio
J Joule SPR static pressure regain
K unit length conductance s.g. specific gravity
K correction factor for color of surface sec second(s)
K degrees Kelvin T temperature. absolute
KW kilowatt(s) TC temperature change
k thermal conductivity TO temperature difference
kg kilogram(s) t temperature
L length U overall heat transfer coefficient
LF latent factor Uo overall them,al performance
LM correction factor for latitude and month V volume
lb pound(s) V velocity
ME mechanical efficiency VFR volume flow rate
m mass v specific volume
m meter(s) W work
min minute(s) W watt(s)
N newton W humidity ratio
N speed, revolutions per minute W humidity ratio, gr/lb d.a.
NC noise criteria WB wet bulb temperature
NPSH net positive suction head WHP water horsepower
n number of people w weight t;,ff'
OITV overall thermal transfer value w. water
P power w.g. water gage

--~
 APPENDIX 489

TABLE A.2 UNIT EQUIVALENTS (CONVERSION FACTORS)

To change from one set of units to another, multiply known quantity and unit by the ratio of unit equivalents that results in
the desired units.

LENGTH TEMPERATURE
U.S.: 12 in. = 1 ft = 0.333 yd U.S.: F= R -460
metric: I m= 100 em metric: C = K - 273
= 1000 mm = 10 -:3 U.S.-metric: F = (9 I 5) C + 32
Ian = 106 microns C = 5 I 9(F - 32)
U.S.-metric: I ft = 0.30 m Sf unit is the K
Sf unit is the m
ENERGY
AREA U.S.: I BTU = 778 ft-Ib
U.S.: 144in,z= I ft2 metric: I J = I W-sec = 0.239 cal
u.S.-metric: I ft 2 = 0.093 m2 U.S.-metric: I BTU = 1055 J = 252 cal
Sf unit is the m 2 Sf unit is the J

VOLUME POWER (RATE OF ENERGY)

U.S.: 1728 in. 3 = I ft' = 7.48 gal 2545 BTUlhr= I hp =0.746 KW
U.S.-metric: I ft 3 = 0.0283 m3 = 33,000 ft-Ib/min
Sf unit is the m3 3410 BTUlhr=1 KW
I ton of refrigeration = 12,000 BTU/hr
MASS
= 4.72 HP = 3.52 KW
U.S.: I Ib = 16 oz = 7000 gr Sf unit is the W
metric: I kg = 1000 g
U.S.-metric: 2.2 Ib = I kg SPECIFIC HEAT
Sf unit is the kg u.S.-metric: I BTU/lb-F = I cal/gm C
=4.2 kJ/kg C
FORCE
U.S.-metric: lIb = 4.45 N HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT U
Sf unit is the N U.S.-metric: I BTU/hr·n2·F = 5.68 W/m 2 C

VELOCITY VOLUME FLOW RATE

U.S.: I frlsec = 0.68 mi/hr U.S.-metric: I CFM = 1.70 m'lhr
Sf unit is the mlsec
APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS FOR WATER ONLY
DENSITY (AT 60°F)
u.S.-metric: I Ib/ft' = 16.0 kg/m3 Density: 8.33 Ib = 1 gal
Sf unit is the kg/m3 62.41b = 1ft'
Flow rate: 1 GPM = 500 Ib/hr
PRESSURE
U.S.: 1 psi = 2.3 ft w. = 2.04 in. Hg
metric: 1 atm = 10 1,300 N/m 3
1 mm.Hg = 133.3 Pa
U.S.-metric: 14.7 psi = I atm
Sf unit is the N/m2 (Pa)
490 APPENDIX

TABLE A.3 PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM AND SATURATED WATER

Temperature Table Pressure Table
Specific vol, cu ftIIb Enthalpy. BTUllb Specific vol, cu ttllb Enthalpy. BTUl1b

Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat Sat

Temp Abs press, liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor Abs press, liquid vapor liquid Evap vapor
F psi VI v. h, htg hg psi Temp. F v, Vg hi hfg hg

32 0.08854 0.01602 3306 0.00 1075.8 1075.8 0.50 79.58 0.01608 641.4 47.6 1048.8 1096.4
35 0.09995 0.01602 2947 3.02 1074.1 1077.1 1.0 101.74 0.01614 333.6 69.7 1036.3 1106.0
40 0.12170 0.01602 2444 8.05 1071.3 1079.3 2.0 126.08 0.01623 173.73 94.0 1022.2 1116.2
45 0.14752 0.01602 2036.4 13.06 1068.4 1081.5 3.0 141.48 0.01630 118,71 109.4 1013.2 1122.6
50 0.17811 0.01603 1703.2 18.Q7 1065.6 1083.7 4.0 152.97 0.01636 90.63 120.9 1006.4 1127.3
55 0.2141 0.01603 1430.7 23.07 1062.7 1085.8 5.0 162.24 0.01640 73.52 130.1 1001.0 1131.1
60 0.2563 0.01604 1206.7 28.06 1059.9 1088.0 6.0 170.06 0.01645 61.98 138.0 996.2 1134.2
65 0.3056 0.01605 1021.4 33.05 1057.1 1090.2 7.0 176.85 0.01649 53.64 144.8 992.1 1136.9
70 0.3631 0.01606 867.9 38.04 1054.3 1092.3 8.0 182.86 0.01 653 47.34 150.8 988.5 1139.3
75 0.4298 0.01607 740.0 43.03 1051.5 1094.5 9.0 188.28 0.01656 42.40 156.2 985.2 1141.4
80 0.5069 0.01608 633.1 48.02 1048.6 1096.6 10 193.21 0.01659 38.42 161.2 982.1 1143.3
85 0.5959 0.01609 543.5 53.00 1045.8 1098.8 14.7 212.00 0.01672 26.80 180.0 970.4 1150.4
90 0.6982 0.01610 468.0 57.99 1042.9 1100.9 20 227.96 0.01683 20.089 196.2 960.1 1156.3
95 0.8153 0.01612 404.3 62.98 1040.1 1103.1 25 240.Q7 0.01692 16.303 208.5 952.1 1160.6
100 0.9492 0.01613 350.4 67.97 1037.2 1105.2 30 250.33 0.01701 13.746 218.8 945.3 1164.1
105 1.1016 0.01615 304.5 72.95 1034.3 1107.3 40 267.25 0.01715 10.498 236.0 933.7 1169.7
110 1.2748 0.01617 265.4 77.94 1031.6 1109.5 50 281.01 0.01727 8.515 250.1 924.0 1174.1
115 1.4709 0.01618 231.9 82.93 1028.7 1111.6 60 292.71 0.01738 7.175 262.1 915.5 1177.6
120 1.6924 0.01620 203.27 87.92 1025.8 1113.7 70 302.92 0.01748 6.206 272.6 907.9 IIS0.6
!25 1.9420 0.01622 178.61 92.91 1022.9 1115.8 80 312.03 0.01757 5.472 282.0 901.1 1183.1
130 2.2225 0.01625 157.34 97.90 1020.0 1117.9 90 320.27 0.01766 4.896 290.6 894.7 1185.3
135 2.5370 0.01627 138.95 102.9 1017.0 1119.9 100 327.81 0.01774 4.432 298.4 888.8 1187.2
140 2.88S6 0.01629 123.01 107.9 1014.1 1122.0 110 334.77 0.01782 4.049 305.7 883.2 1188.9
145 3.2SI 0.01632 109.15 112.9 1011.2 1124.1 120 341.25 0.01789 3.728 312.4 877.9 1190.4
150 3.718 0.01634 97.07 117.9 1008.2 1126.1 130 347.32 0.01796 3.455 318.8 872.9 1191.7
155 4.203 0.01637 86.52 122.9 1005.2 '1128.1 140 353.02 0.01802 3.220 324.8 868.2 1193.0
160 4.741 0.01639 77.29 127.9 1002.3 1130.2 150 358.42 0.01809 3.015 330.5 863.6 1194.1
165 5.335 0.01642 69.19 132.9 999.3 1132.2 160 363.53 0.01815 2.834 335.9 859.2 1195.1
170 5.992 0.01645 62.06 137.9 996.3 1134.2 170 368.41 0.01822 2.675 341.1 854.9 1196.0
175 6.715 0.01648 55.78 142.9 993.3 1136.2 180 373.06 0.01827 2.532 346.1 850.8 1196.9
ISO 7.510 0.01651 50.23 147.9 990.2 1138.1 190 377.51 0.01833 2.404 350.8 846.8 1197.6
185 8.383 0.01654 45.31 152.9 987.2 1140.1 200 381.79 0.01839 2.288 355.4 843.0 1198.4
190 9.339 0.01657 40.96 157.9 984.1 1142.0 250 400.95 0.01S65 1.8438 376.0 825.1 1201.1
200 11.526 0.01663 33.64 168.0 977.9 1145.9 300 417.33 0.01890 1.5433 393.8 809.0 1202.8
212 14.696 0.01672 26.80 180.0 970.4 115Q.4 350 431.72 0.01913 1.3260 409.7 794.2 1203.9
220 17.186 0.01677 23.15 188.1 965.2 1153.4 400 444.59 0.0193 1.1613 424.0 780.5 1204.5
240 24.969 0.01692 16.323 208.3 952.2 1160.5 450 456.28 0.0195 1.0320 437.2 767.4 1204.6
260 35.429 0.01709 11.763 228.6 938.7 1167.3 500 467.01 0.0197 0.9278 449.4 755.0 1204.4
280 49.20~. 0.01726 8.645 249.1 924.7 1173.8 600 486.21 0.0201 0.7698 471.6 731.6 1203.2
300 67.013 0.01745 6.466 269.6 910.1 1179.7 700 503.10 0.0205 0.6554 491.5 709.7 1201.2
350 134.63 0.01799 3.342 321.6 870.7 1192.3 800 518.23 0.0209 0.5687 509.7 688.9 1198.6
400 247.31 0.01864 1.8633 375.0 826.0 1201.0 900 531.98 0.0212 0.5006 526.6 668.8 1195.4
450 422.6 0.0194 1.0993 430.1 774.5 1204.6 1000 544.61 0.0216 0.4456 542.4 649.4 1191.8
500 680.8 0.0204 0.6749 487.8 713.9 1201.7 1200 567.22 0.0223 0.3619 571.7 611.7 1183.4
550 1045.2 0.0218 0.4240 549.3 640.8 1190.0 1500 596.23 0.0235 0.2760 611.6 556.3 1167.9
 APPENDIX 491

TABLE A.4 THERMAL RESISTANCE R OF BUILDING AND INSULATING MATERIALS

(hr· tt"-F/BTU)

Resistance (R)
Density Per Listed
Description Ib/tt" Per Inch Thickness
BUILDING BOARD
Boards. Panels, Subfiooring. Sheathing
Woodboard Panel Products
Asbestos-cement board .... ......................... . 120 0.25
Asbestos-cement board . ........... _. . . . . . . . 0.125 in. 120 0.03
Asbestos-cement board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 in. 120 0.06
Gypsum or plaster board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.375 in. 50 0.32
Gypsum or plaster board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 in. 50 0.45
Gypsum or plaster board .... _.. ............. 0.625 in. 50 0.56
Plywood (Douglas Fir) . ...................... ___ ..... . 34 1.25
Plywood (Douglas Fir) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.25 in. 34 0.31
Plywood (Douglas Fir) _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.375 in. 34 0.47
Plywood (Douglas Fir) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 in. 34 0.62
Plywood (Douglas Fir) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.625 in. 34 0.77
Plywood or wood panels.................... 0.75 in. 34 0.93
Vegetable fiber board
Sheathing. regular density . ............... . 0.5 in. 18 1.32
0.78125 in. 18 2.06
Sheathing. intermediate density . .......... . 0.5 in. 22 1.22
Nail-base sheathing ..................... . 0.5 in. 25 1.14
Shingle backer . ........................ . 0.375 in. 18 0.94
Shingle backer . ........................ . 0.3125 in. 18 0.78
Sound deadening board . ................. . 0.5 in. 15 1.35
Tile and lay-in panels. plain or acoustic . . 18 2.50
0.5 in. 18 1.25
0.75 in. 18 1.89
Laminated paperboard ................... . ....... . 30 2.00
Homogeneous board from repulped paper . ........... . 30 2.00
Hardboard
Medium density ................................... . 50 1.37
High density. service temp. service underlay . ........... . 55 1.22
High density. std. tempered . ......................... . 63 1.00
Particleboard
Low density . ................................. . 37 1.85
Medium density ............................. . 50 1.06
High density . ............................... . 62.5 0.85
Underlayment . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.625 in. 40 0.82
Wood subHoor............................ 0.75 in. 0.94
BUILDING MEMBRANE
Vapor-permeable felt . .............................. . 0.06
Vapor-seal. 2 layers of mopped 15-1b felt ............... . 0.12
Vapor-seal. plastic film . ............................ . Neg!.
FINISH FLOORING MATERIALS
Carpet and fibrous pad . .............................. . 2.08
Carpet and rubber pad ............................... . 1.23
Cork tile .... .......•............. -. . . . . . . . 0.125 in. 0.28
Terrazzo................................. I in. 0.08
Tile-asphah.lino-'~um. vinyl. rubber . .................. . 0.05
vinyl asbestos .. .--:: ............................... .
ceramic ......................................... .
Wood, hardwood finish..................... 0.75 in. 0.68
INSULATING MATERIALS
Blanket and Batt
Mineral fiber, fibrous form processed
from rock, slag, or glass
approx.. 2-2.75 in..... ........................... . 0.3-2.0 7
approx.. 3-3.5 in.. ......................... , ..... . 0.3-2.0 II
approx. 3.50-6.5 in .... ............... , .......... . 0.3-2.0 19
approx.. 6-7 in...'. .............................. . 0.3-2.0 22
approx.. 8.5 in. .................................. . 0.3-2.0 30
492 APPENDIX

TABLE A.4 (Continued)

Resistance (R)
Density Per Listed
Description Iblft" Per Inch Thickness
Board and Slabs
Cellular glass .............................................................................. . 8.5 2.63
Glass fiber, organic bonded ....... _............................................... ,_ 4-9 4.00
Expanded rubber (rigid) ............... _.................. _................. _........ . 4.5 4.55
Expanded polystyrene extruded
Cut cell surface .................................................. _.................... . 1.8 4.00
Expanded polystyrene extruded
Smooth skin surface ............................................................... . 2.2 5.00
Expanded polystyrene extruded
Smooth skin surface ............................................................... . 3.5 5.26
Expanded polystyrene, molded beads ....................................... .. 1.0 3.57
Expanded polyurethane (R·ll exp.) ........................................... . 1.5 6.25
(Thickness 1 in. or greater) .................................................... . 2.5
Mineral fiber with resin binder.................................................. " 15 3.45
Mineral fiberboard, wet felted
Core or roof insulation ........................................................... . 16-17 2.94
Acoustical tile .................................................................... :... . 18 2.86
Acoustical tile ........................................................................ . 21 2.70
Mineral fiberboard, wet molded
Acoustical tile ........................................................................ . 23 2.38
Wood or cane fiberboanl
Acoustical tile .......................................................... 0.5 in. 1.25
Acoustical tile ......................................................... 0.75 in. 1.89
Interior finish (plank, tile) ......................................................... . 15 2.86
Wood shredded (cemented in prefonned slabs) ........................ .. 22 1.67
LOOSE FILL
Cellulosic insulation (milled paper or wood pulp) ..................... . 2.3-3.2 3.13-3.70
Sawdust or shavings ................................................................... . 8.0-15.0 2.22
Wood fiber, softwoods ................................................................ . 2.0-3.5 3.33
Perlite. expanded ........................................................................ . 5.0-8.0 2.70
Miner-.ll fiber (rock, slag, or glass)
approx. 3.75-5 in .................................................................. .. 0.6-2.0 II
approx. 6.5-8.75 in ............................................................... .. 0.6-2.0 19
approx. 7.5-10 in ................................................................... . 0.6-2.0 22
approx. 10.25-13.75 in .......................................................... . 0.6-2.0 30
Vemliculite, exfoliated ............................. " .............................. .. 7.0-8.2 2.13
4.0-6.0 2.27
Roof Insulation
Prefomled, for use above deck 1.39
Different roof insulations are available in different
thicknesses to provide the design C values listed. to
Consult individual manufacturers for actual
thickness of their material ..................................................... .. 8.33
MASONRY MATERIALS
Concretes
Cement mortar............................................................................ . 116 0.20
Gypsum-fiber concrete 87.5% gypsum,
12.5% wood chips .................................................................. . 51 0.60
Lightweight aggf~gates including expanded 120 0.19
shale. clay, or slate; expanded slags; 100 0.28
cirders; pumice; venniculite; also 80 0.40
cellular concretes 60 0.59
40 0.86
30 1.11
20 1.43
Perlite. expanded ........................................................................ . 40 1.08
30 1.41

Sand and gravel or stone aggregate (oven dried) .. :.................... .

20
140
2.00
0.11 (iii
Sand and gravel or stone aggregate (not dried) ......................... .. 140 0.08
Stucco ........................................................................................ .. 116 0.20
 APPENDIX 493

TABLE A.4 (Continued)

Resistance (R)
Density Per listed
Description Ibltt" Per Inch Thickness
MASONRY UNITS
Brick, common .......................................................................... . 120 0.20
Brick, face .......................... _............................................... . 130 0.11
Clay tile, hollow:
I cell deep ..... _....................................................... . 3 in. 0.80
1 cell deep .............................................................. . 4in. 1.11
2 cells deep ............................................................ . 6in. 1.52
2 cells deep ............................................................. . 8 in. 1.85
2 cells deep ............................................... . lain. 2.22
3 cells deep ................................... .................. . 12 in. 2.50
Concrete blocks. three oval core:
Sand and gravel aggregate ............. ................... . 4in. 0.71
8 in. 1.11
12 in. 1.28
Cinder aggregate ......................................................... . 3 in. 0.86
4in. 1.11
8 in. 1.72
12 in. 1.89
Lightweight aggregate ............................................ . 3 in. 1.27
(expanded shale. clay, slate, ................................... . 4 in. 1.50
or slag; pumice) ...................................................... . 8 in. 2.00
12 in. 2.27
Concrete blocks, rectangular core:
Sand and gravel aggregate
2 core, 8 in. 36 lb ............................................................... . 1.04
Same with filled cores ...................... . ...................... .. 1.93
Lightweight aggregate (expanded shale.
clay, slate, or slag; pumice):
3 core, 6 in. 19 lb ......................................................... . 1.65
Same with filled cores ............................................................ . 2.99
2 core, 8 in. 24lb ....................................................... . 2.18
Same with filled cores ........................................................... . 5.03
3 core, 12 in. 38 lb ........................................................ .. 2.48
Same with filled cores ......................................................... .. 5.82
Stone, lime or sand ................................................................... .. 0.08
Gypsum partition tile:
3x 12 x 30in. solid ............................................................. .. 1.26
3x 12x30in.4-cell .............................................. .. 1.35
4 x 12 x 30 in. 3-cell ............................................................. . 1.67
PLASTERING MATERIALS
Cement plaster. sand aggregate ................................................ .. 116 0.20
Sand aggregme ......................................................... 0.375 in. 0.08
Sand aggregate ......................................................... 0.75 in. 0.15
Gypsum plaster.
Lightweight aggregate ............................................. 0.5 in. 45 0.32
Lightweight aggregate ............................................. 0.625 in. 45 0.39
Lightweight aggregate on meta] lath ....................... 0.75 in. 0.47
Perlite aggregate .................................................... .. 45 0.67
. Sand aggregate ........................................................ . 105 0.18
Sand aggregate ....~~................................................... 0.5 in. 105 0.09
Sand aggregate .......~................................................. 0.625 in. 105 0.11
Sand aggregate on metal lath ................................... 0.75 in. 0.13
Venniculite aggregate ............................................. . 45 0.59
ROOFING
Asbestos-cement shingles .......................................................... . 120. 0.21
Asphalt roll roofing .................................................................... . 70 0.15
Asphalt shingles ......................................................................... . 70 0.44
Built-up roofing ........................................................... 0.375 in. 70 0.33
Slate .............................................................................. 0.5 in. 0.05
Wood shingles, plain and plastic film faced ............................... . 0.94
494 APPENDIX
TABLE A.4 (Continued)

Resistance (R)
Density Per Listed
Description Ib/!t" Per Inch Thickness
SIDING MATERIALS (on fiat surface)
Shingles
Asbestos-cement ................................................................... . 120 0.21
Wood, 16 in .• 7.5 exposure .................................................... . 0.87
Wood, double, 16 in .• 12 in. exposure .............................. . 1.19
Wood, plus insul. backer board, 0.3125 in .................. . 1.40
Siding
Asbestos-cement, 0.25 in .. lapped ......................................... . 0.21
Asphalt roll siding ................................................................. . 0.15
Asphal! insulting siding (0.5 in. bed.) .................................... . 1.46
Wood drop, 1 x 8 in ... . ............................................... . 0.79
Wood. bevel. 0.5 x 8 in., lapped ............................................. . 0.81
Wood. bevel, 0.75 x 10 in .. lapped ........................................ . 1.05
Wood, plywood, 0.375 in .. lapped ........................................ .. 0.59
Wood. medium density siding, 0.4375 in ..................... .. 40 0.67
Aluminum or steel. over sheathing
Hollo\v-backed ...................................................................... .. 0.61
Insulating-board backed nominal
0375 in ................ .. 1.82
Insulating-board backed nominal
0375 in., foil backed .............. .. 2.96
Architectural glass .................................................................... . 0.10
WOODS
Maple. oak, and similar hardwoods ....................................... .. 45 0.91
Fir, pine. and similar softwoods .............................................. .. 32 1.25
Fir. pine. and similar softwO\...xis ................................... 0.75 in. 32 0.94
1.5 in. 1.89
2.5 in. 3.12
3.5 in. 4.35

TABLE A.S THERMAL RESISTANCE R OF SURFACE AIR FILMS AND AIR SPACES (hr· ft2-F/BTU)

.SURFACE AIR FILMS

Direction of Heat Flow R-Value

STILL AIR
(interior sutfaces)
Horizontal Upward 0.61
Sloping--45 degree Upward 0.62
Vertical Horizontal 0.68
Sloping--45 degree Downward 0.76
Horizontal Downward 0.92

MOVING AIR
(exterior surfaces)
15 mph Wind (Winter) Any 0.17
7.5 mph Wind (Summer) Any 0.25

AIRSPACES

Thickness of Air Space

Position of Direction of
AirSpace Heat Flow 12- 0/4- 112- 312-

R-Value

Horizontal Up 0.84 0.87 0.89 0.93

45° Slope Up 0.90 0.94 0.91 0.96
Vertical Horizontal 0.91 1.01 1.02 1.01
Horizontal Down 0.92 1.02 1.14 1.21
45° Slope Down 0.92 1.02 1.09 1.05

-
 - ---_· __
r
---~---·-""'--·'r·'-~ ~~~_.iR '. 0, M ''''''

TABLE A.6 TYPICAL BUILDING ROOF AND WALL CONSTRUCTION CROSS·SECTIONS AND OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS, BTU/HR·FT2·F
ROOF SECTIONS Ri Uw WALL SECTIONS Ri Uw

Asphaltic shingles
112" Plywood sheathing
2 x Trusses
ZJ 11
19
22
0.08
0.05
0.04
Metal siding
Insulation
Metal studs or girts
3.5
8
11
19
0.23
0.11
0.08
0.05
h 30 0.03 Vapor barrier
@ 16"· 24" D.C. OR
Batt or loose fill
insulation

"-
Vapor barrier
Insulated metal
sandwich panel

Built·up roof
112" Plywood deck 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
2 x Rafters@ 16"· 24" o.c.----- 11 0.07
19 0.05
Ba?n~~:~~~~ fill. mmm~Qllil Qm) 22 0.04 Metal siding 3.5. 0.17
30 0.03 Insulation 8 0.10
112" Drywall celhng ---l-~_~-~:::~ Metal studs or girts 11 0.07
1/2" Drywall OR 19 0.05
Vapor barrier
Vapor barrier

No ceiling
~ Built·up roof 5.5
8
0.14
0.11 Insulation metal
~i2;~1 i~~~~ation mlllelll~~~lliI~II~III~ 11 0.08 sandwich panel
15 0.06
Bar joists@ 16"· 24" D.C. ;~ Ceiling
LaY-In celhng j 5.5
8
0.10
0.08
11 0.06 Brick veneer
15 0.05 Air space 8 0,09
Sheathing 11 0.07
Insulation 19 0.05
No ceiling Metal studs @
Metal roof \ 3.5 0.23 16"·24" D.C.
Steel purlins ~ 8 0.11 1/2" Drywall
Ball insulation ~ 11 0.08 Vapor barrier
19 0.05
Lay·in ceiling ~
Ceiling
3.5 0.13
8 0.08
11 0.07
19 0.04

4"concret~j
Metalpan .
Rigid insulation"
Bar joists @ 24 D.C.
~
.' .'

"
\:7 :~j~j@jji~l~
.
No insulation
3
5.5
8
0.31
0.15
0.11
0.09
11 0.07
 TABLE A.6 (Continued)

WALL SECTIONS R; Uw WALL SECTIONS DENSITY R; Uw

\
Wood or metal siding ! ? Face brick
~.
Cone.
8 0.09 no insulation 0.23
Sheathing 2S
11 0.08 Air space ~ .1<,,/ Block
core insulation 0.12

I= i
80#/cu It
Insulation
2 x4 Studs@ OR
14 0.07 8" Conc. block
Core insulation
f:·~· :
~ ··Iii .... :
16"-24" O.C.
1/2" Drywall .

Vapor barrier !=':

~8"~
Cone.
Block
no insulation 0.27
t:L; core insulation 0.16
120#icu It
Rigid Insulation

8 0.09 Core Insulation and Ai

2 x6 studs, same construction as above 11 0.07 Face brick 5fo ". . ...
Cone. 3 0.09
19 0.05 Air space Block 5.5 0.07
Rigid insulation
8" Cone. block
Z . 'bL< ". 80#/cu It 8
11
0.06
0.05
8 0.09
""fg 11 0.07
Core insulation
ii< .: Core insulation and Ri

~
Face brick Cone. 3 0.11
Air space 19 0.06 .. ', : Block 5.5 0.09
=
'
Sheathing 1_ _ 8" __ 1 120#/cu It 8 0.07
~ 11
~ Insulation
2 x4 Studs@
0.06
~
16"·24" o.c.
1/2" Drywall
Z 5 tr Cone.
Core insulation and Ai
3.5(1 x2@16"0.c.)

Ii.: .:
Vapor barrier Face brick 0.08

-.
Block 5.5 0.07
OR Air space 80#/cu It
8" Conc. block 8 (2 x3@ 16" o,c,) 0.06
f::::o= .
Rigid insulation
"" Core insulation

~ 21 Insulation
1/2" Drywall
Vapor barrier ± "';
-.:.:c;;;
• ::::=;
Conc.
Block
120#/cu It
Core Insulation and Ri
3.5 (1 x 2@ 16" o.c.)
5.5
0.10
0.08

~.~
ILL 1_ 8" 8 (2 x 3@ 16" o.c.) 0.07

Rigid insulation >#

Vapor barrier ± L'
~ [2 •.

2 x 6 studs, same construction as above

8
11
19
0.08
0.07
0.05
~"I:

~ 0::;.
r'-"
TABLE A.6 (Continued)

WALL SECTIONS DENSITY W Ri Uw WALL SECTIONS DENSITY I w RI Uw

..,'.,';. 6" -
Cone. 6" .37
.', '.~'
8" -
0.31 Concrete II Block 8" .34
Concrete 80#/cu It 0.25 block • 80#/cu ft 12" .29
'.'..,'.y. ' 12" - 0.18
.:I'·';
:::.
.'
·.' ','"
... ,47
'-" .
Cone. 6"
.,'
~
'. Block 8" ,43
.>.:.', 6" -
--
0.50
0,42 120#/cu ft 12" .38
·.',', ". 120#/cu It 8"
12" 0.32 I, w .1
,", .
.,0 ••

Concrete ---,--~ttTI Cone. 6" .18

block - .14
3 0.15 Block 8"
I:···· r::
.'. '.>"" 6" 5.5 0.11 Core :<·<:<:·:':'~'~i ~ 80#/cu ft 12" .10
Concrete
L'.,', .·.or:;
.".
8
11
0.09
0.Q7 insulation ----tt;;:;2:==1~
Insulation Cone. 6" .26
·· :.',.'. ~
I': .
Metal furring/studs .3 0.13 Block 8" .22
.', . "
"

@ 16" to 24" o.c. 5.5 0.10 I, w .1 120#/cu ft 12" .17

~
80#/cu It 8"

~
','
" ....
,,:..
~ 8
11
0.08
0.06
1/2" Drywall
·~ :.'.....' r;:: 3.5 .11
Vapor barrier
..... ~
12"
3
5.5
0.11
0.Q9
6" 5.5
8
.09
.07
""'I~
.- ';'.' ~ .' 8 0.07 Concrete

OR
11 0.06 block ---1£:=:blJc?l Cone.
Block
80#/cu It
8"
3.5
5.5
8
.09
.08
.05
I .,
,' • • 0'
: :
'" .......
6"
3
5.5
8
0.18
0.13
0.10
0.07
Core
insulation
12"
3.5
5.5
8
.07
.06
.05
11
Rigid Insulation
Vapor barrier
'" .. Batt or
rigid 3.5 .13
3 0.17 insulation 6" 5.5 .10
.' .. '.
"
..
.- ... ~ 120#/cu ft 8" 5.5
8
0.12
0.09 1/2" Drywall---+++--+;r:;::~
8 .08

· :', .: .: .
0.Q7 Cone. 3.5 .12
11 Vapor barrier ---l±==±lc~ I Block 8" 5.5 .09
...
·':.',
'
"

' 3 0.15 I, w .1 120#/cu ft 8 .06

,-,.' " 5.5 0.11 3.5 .10
12"
'", • o'
' .. 8
11
0.09
0.07
12" 5.5
8
.08
.06
498 APPENDIX

TABLE A.7 OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT U FOR BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION COMPONENTS, BTUlHR-FT"-F

U-Value in
BTUlhr-tt"-F
Construction Summer Winter
WALLS
Frame with wood siding. sheathing, and inside finish:
No insulation .22 .23
R-7 insulation (2 in.-2Y.2 in.) .09 .09
R-il insulation (3 io.-3Yl in.) .07 .07
Frame with 4 in. brick or stone veneer, sheathing, and inside finish:
No insulation .24 .24
R-7 insulation .09 .09
R-Il insulation .07 .07
Frame with I in. stucco, sheathing, and inside finish:
No insulation .29 .29
R-7 insulation .10 .10
R-il insulation .07 .07
Masonry:
8 in. concrete block, no finish .49 .51
12 in. concrete block, no finish .45 .47
Masonry (8 in. concrete block):
Inside finish:
furred gypsum wallboard (~ in.); no insulation .29 .30
furred. foil-hacked gypsum wallboard (Y.! in.); no insulation .29 .30
[ in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and !.7 in. gypsum wallboard .13 .13
Masonry (8 in. cinder block or hollow clay tile);
Inside finish:
furred gypsum wallboard (!-2 in.); no insulation .25 .25
furred. foil-backed gypsum wallboard (!-2 in.); no insulation .17 .17
I in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and !-2 in. gypsum wallboard .12 .12
Masonry {-+ in. face brick and 8 in. cinder block or 8 in. hollow clay tile):
Inside finish:
furred gypsum wallboard (Y.! in.); no insulation .22 .22
furred. foil-backed gypsum wallboard (liz in.); no insulation .15 .16
I in. polystyrene insulation board (R·5), and Y.! in. gypsum wallboard .12 .12
Masonry ll2 in. hollow clay tile or 12 in. cinder block):
Inside finish:
furred gypsum wallboard (!-2 in.); no insulation .24 .24
furred. foil-backed gypsum wallboard (liz in.); no insulation .16 .17
I in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and liz in. gypsum wallboard .12 .12
Masonry l-+ in. face brick, 4 in. common brick):
Inside finish:
furred gypsum wallboard (liz in.); no insulation .28 .28
furred. foil-backed gypsum wallboard (liz in.); no insulation .18 .19
I in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and !-2 in. gypsum wallboard .13 .13
Masonry (8 in. concrete or 8 in. stone):
Inside finish;
furred gypsum wallboard (Ifz in.); no insulation .33 .34
furred. foil-backed gypsum wallboard (liz in.); no insulation .21 .21
I in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and liz in. gypsum wallboard .14 .14
Metal with vinyl inside finish, R-7 (3 in. glass fiber batt) .14 .14
PARTITIONS
Frame (Y.! in; gypsum wallboard one side only); .55 .55
No insulation
Frame (Y.! in. gypsum wallboard each side);
No insulation .31 .31
R-II insulation .08 .08
Masonry (4 in. cinder block);
No insulation. no finish .40 .40
No insulation, one side furred gypsum wallboard (liz in.) .26 .26
No insulation, both sides furred gypsum wallboard (lh in.) .19 .19
One side 1 in. polystyrene insulation board (R-5), and ~ in. gypsum
wallboard .13 .13

d
 APPENDIX 499

TABLE A.7 (Continued)

U-Value in
BTUlhr·ft'!·F
Construction SUmmer Winter
CEILING-FLOOR
Frame (asphalt tile floor. % in. plywood, 2¥32 in. wood subfloor,
finished ceiling):
Heat How up .23 .23
Heat flow down .20 .19
Concrete (asphalt tile floor. 4 in. concrete deck. air space, finished ceiling):
Heat flow up .34 .33
Heat flow down .26 .25
ROOF (flat roof. no finished ceiling)
Steel deck:
No insulation .64 .86
1 in. insulation (R-2.78) .23 .25
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .15 .16
I in. Wood deck:
No insulation AD 048
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .19 .21
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .12 .13
2.5 in. Wood deck:
No insulation .25 .26
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .15 .16
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .10 .11
4 in. Wood deck:
No insulation .17 .18
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .12 .12
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .09 .09
ROOF-CEILlNG (flat roof, finished ceiling)
Steel deck:
No insulation .33 .40
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .17 .19
2 in. insulation (R-S.S6) .12 .13
I in. Wood deck:
No insulation .26 .29
t in. insulation (R-2.78) .15 .16
2 in. insulation (R-S.S6) .11 .11
2.S in. Wood deck:
No insulation .18 .20
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .12 .13
2 in. insulation (R-S.S6) .09 .10
4 in. Wood deck:
No insulation .14 .15
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .10 .10
2 in. insulation (R-S.S6) .08 .08
4 in. Lightweight concrete deck:
No insulation .14 .15
6 in. Lightweight concrete deck:
No insulation .10 .11
8 in. Lightweight concrete deck:
No insulation . --. .08 .09
2 in. Heavyweight concrete deck:
No insulation .32 .38
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .17 .19
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .Il .12
4 in. Heavyweight concrete deck:
No insulation .30 .36
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .16 .18
2 in. insulation (R-S.S6) .Il .12
6 in. Heavyweight concrete deck:
No insulation .28 .33
I in. insulation (R-2.78) .16 .17
2 in. insulation (R-S.56) .Il .12
500 APPENDIX

TABLE A.7 (Continued)

U-Value in
BTu/hr-ff'-F
Construction Summer Winter
ROOF-CEILING (wood frame pitched roof, finished ceiling on rafters)
No insulation .28 .29
R-19 insulation (5!02 in.--6Y.z in.) .05 .05
ROOF~ATTIC-CEILING (attic with. natural ventilation)
No insulation .15 .29
R-19 insulation (SJ12 in.--6Y.z in.) .04 .05
FLOORS
Floor over unconditioned space, no ceiling:
Wood frame:
No insulation .33 27
R-7 insulation (2 in.-2Yl in.) .09 .08
Concrete deck:
No insulation .59 .43
R-7 insulation .10 .09
DOORS
Solid wood:
1 in. thick .61 .64
l!h in. thick .47 .49
2 in. thick A2. .43
Steel:
l!h in. thick, mineral fiber core .58 .59
I V2 in. thick. polystyrene core .46 .47
I V2 in. thick. urethane foam core .39 .40

TABLE A.a OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT U FOR GLASS

(BTU/HR-FT2 -F) (For glass installed vertically)

Type of Frame (Sash)

Aluminum (with thermal break) Wood or Vinyl
Type of Glazing Winter SUmmer Winter Summer

Single glass 1.10 1.01 0.98 0.90

Double glass
Ys in. air-space 0.60 0.56 0.51 0.47
Ys in. air space E-film 0.48 0.45 0.39 0.37
Triple Glass
Ys in. air space 0.46 0.43 0.38 0.36
:yg in. argon space 0.34 0.33 0.25 0.24

Note: E-film is a reflective coating (E = 0.15).

Abridged with permhsion from the 1993 ASHRAE Ifandbook-Fllndamemals.
 APPENDIX 501

TABLEA.9 OUTDOOR DESIGN CONDITIONS HEATING AND COOLING-UNITED STATES

Heating Cooling
Degree
Location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MDB DR
ALABAMA
Birmingham 34 2551 18 94 75 77 88 19
Mobile 31 1560 26 94 77 79 89 17
Montgomery 32 2291 24 95 76 79 91 19
ALASKA
Anchorage 61 10864 -14 71 59 60 69 13
Fairbanks 65 14279 -47 81 61 63 77 19
Juneau 58 9075 4 74 60 61 71 14
ARIZONA
Flagstaff 35 7152 I 85 56 61 74 28
Phoenix 34 1765 34 110 70 76 97 23
Tucson 32 1800 31 104 65 72 88 29
ARKANSAS
Fort Smith 35 3292 13 99 76 79 92 22
Little Rock 3S 3219 16 97 77 80 92 20
CALIFORNIA
Bakersfield 35 2122 32 104 70 73 98 27
Los Angeles 34 2061 43 85 64 70 78 II
Sacramento 39 2502 31 100 69 72 96 33
San Diego 33 1458 44 85 67 73 79 9
San Francisco 38 3015 37 83 63 64 69 17
San Jose 37 35 93 67 70 88 22
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington. DC 39 4224 15 95 76 79 89 17
COLORADO
Denver 40 5524 -3 93 60 65 81 27
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport 41 5617 8 8U 73 76 83 14
Hartford 42 6235 2 91 73 76 87 21
DELAWARE
Wilmington 40 4930 10 91 75 78 87 17
FLORIDA
Jacksonville 31 1239 29 94 77 80 90 18
Miami 26 214 46 91 77 80 87 II
Orlando 28 766 37 94 76 79 88 17
Tampa 28 683 36 92 77 80 88 15
GEORGIA
Atlanta 34 2961 18 93 75 77 88 17
Savannah 32 1819 26 95 77 79 90 18
HAWAII
Honolulu 21 0 61 89 73 76 84 12
IDAHO
Boise 44 5809 2 96 63 66 90 30
ILLINOIS
Chicago 42 6639 -6 91 74 77 88 20
Springfield 40 5429 -4 93 76 79 89 19
502 APPENDIX

TABLEA.9 (Continued)
Heating Cooling
Degree
location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MDB DR
INDIA
Bombay 19N 64 93 74 81 88 9
Calcutta 23N S6 97 79 84 92 18
New Delhi 29N 46 105 72 82 91 22
INDIANA
Fort Wayne 41 6205 -4 90 74 77 86 20
Indianapolis 40 5699 -3 91 75 78 88 19
Lafayette 40 6010 -5 93 75 79 89 21
South Bend 42 6439 -2 90 73 77 86 19
IOWA
Des Moines 42 6588 -9 93 76 78 89 19
Sioux City 42 6951 -II 94 7S 78 89 20
KANSAS
Topeka 39 SI82 -2 96 75 79 90 20
Wichita 38 4620 2 100 73 77 91 22
KENTUCKY
Lexington 38 4683 4 91 74 77 87 18
Louisville 38 4660 6 93 76 78 90 18
LOUISIANA
Baton Rouge 31 1560 27 94 78 80 89 17
New Orleans 30 1254 30 93 79 81 90 16
MAINE
Bangor 45 -7 87 71 73 83 21
Portland 44 7511 -3 86 71 74 83 19
MARYLAND
Baltimore 39 4654 II 93 75 78 88 19
MASSACHUSETTS
Boston 42 5634 7 - 91 73 7S 87 15
Worcester 42 6969 0 85 71 74 82 17
MICHIGAN
Detroit 42 6232 0 90 73 76 86 20
Flint 44 7377 -2 88 73 75 84 21
Lansing 43 6909 -3 89 73 76 85 22
MINNESOTA
Duluth 47 -21 84 69 72 81 20
Minneapolis 45 8382 -16 91 73 76 88 19
MISSISSIPPI
Jackson 32 2239 21 95 77 80 90 19
MISSOURJ
Kansas City 39 4711 -I 96 75 78 90 19
SI. Louis 39 4484 2 85 76 79 90 18
MONTANA
Billings 46 7049 -13 93 63 65 86 26
Great Falls 47 7750 -19 92 61 64 84 27
NEBRASKA
Lincoln 41 5864 -7 97 74 78 90 22 ()
Omaha 41 6612 -7 95 75 78 90 20
 APPENDIX 503

TABLEA.9 (Continued)
Heating Cooling
Degree
Location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MOB DR
NEVADA
Las Vegas 36 2709 27 108 66 71 95 25
Reno 40 6332 8 95 61 63 87 37
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Concord 43 7383 -8 90 71 74 85 24
NEW JERSEY
Newark 41 4589 10 93 74 77 88 16
Trenton 40 4980 11 93 75 78 89 19
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque 35 4348 13 96 60 65 83 25
NEW YORK
Albany 43 6875 -7 90 71 74 85 24
Buffalo 43 7062 2 86 70 74 82 18
NYC 41 4871 11 91 74 76 86 14
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte 35 3191 18 94 74 77 88 18
Raleigh 36 3393 16 93 76 78 88 19
NORTH DAKOTA
Bismarck 47 8851 -21 93 68 72 86 27
Fargo 47 9226 -22 91 71 75 86 22
OHIO
Cincinnati 39 4410 5 93 74 77 89 20
Cleveland 41 6351 89 73 76 85 19
Columbus 40 5211 90 74 77 87 19
OKLAHOMA
Oklahoma City 35 3725 9 99 74 77 91 21
Tulsa 36 3860 9 1QO 76 79 92 20
OREGON
Eugene 44 4726 21 91 67 69 87 28
Portland 46 4635 22 90 67 69 87 22
PENNSYLVANIA
Philadelphia 40 4486 10 93 75 78 89 19
Pittsburgh 40 5053 4 90 72 75 89 18
PUERTO RICO
Sanjuan 18 0 69 92 77 81 88 12
RHODE ISLAND
Providence 42 5954 5 89 73 76 85 17
SOUTH CAROLINA
Charleston 33 1794 25 94 78 80 90 16
Columbia 34 2484 21 96 76 78 90 20
SOUTH DAKOTA
Sioux Falls 44 7839 -16 94 73 76 89 22
TENNESSEE
Memphis 35 3015 16 96 78 77 80 17
Nashville 36 3578 10 94 76 74 78 19
504 APPENDIX

TABLEA.9 (Continued)
Heating Cooling
Degree
location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MOB DR
TEXAS
Dallas 33 2363 17 100 74 78 92 20
Houston 30 1278 27 96 77 80 99 18
San Antonio 30 1546 26 98 73 78 87 19
UTAH
Salt Lake City 37 6052 6 96 62 66 85 28
VERMONT
Burlington 45 8269 -II 87 71 74 83 20
VIRGINIA
Norfolk 37 3421 20 93 77 79 89 15
Richmond 38 3865 14 94 76 79 90 19
WASHINGTON
Seattle 47 4424 85 65 66 83 18
Spokane 48 6655 3 92 62 65 86 26
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston 38 4476 6 91 73 76 86 19
WISCONSIN
La Crosse 44 7589 -13 91 74 77 87 20
Milwaukee 43 7635 -7 89 74 76 86 17
WYOMING
Cheyenne 41 7381 -7 87 58 62 77 26
Lat. = latitude
DB = dry bulb temperature, F
MWB = mean coincident wet bulb temperature, F
MOB = mean coincident dry bulb temperature, F
DR = mean daily range of DB temperature, F
Abridged with permission from the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-liundamentals.
 APPENDIX 505

TABLEA.9 OUTDOOR HEATING AND COOLING DESIGN CONDITIONs-GANADA

Heating Cooling
Degree
Location, USA LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MDB DR
ALBERTA
Calgary 51 9703 -22 83 60 62 78 22
Edmonton 53 10268 -28 82 63 66 77 22
BRITISH COLUMBIA
Vancouver 49 5515 18 76 65 66 75 14
Victoria 49 5579 23 79 63 64 77 18
MANITOBA
Winnipeg 50 10679 -27 87 68 72 82 21
NEW BRUNSWICK
Fredricton 46 8671 -12 86 69 72 82 21
NOVA SCOTIA
Halifax 45 7361 -2 80 68 70 77 17
ONTARIO
Ottawa 45 8735 -13 86 70 73 82 19
Toronto 44 6827 -4 87 71 74 83 20
QUEBEC
Montreal 46 7899 -16 84 71 73 81 20
Quebec City 47 8937 -16 84 70 73 80 19
SASKATCHEWAN
Regina 50 10806 -29 89 64 68 82 24
Lat. = latitude
DB = dry bulb temperature, F
MWB = mean coincident wet bulb temperature, F
MDB = mean coincident dry bulb temperature, F
DR = mean daily range of DB temperature, F
Abridged with permission from the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals.
506 APPENDIX

TABLEA.9 OUTDOOR HEATING AND COOLING DESIGN CONDITIONS-WORLD LOCATIONS

Heating Cooling
Degree
Location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MOB DR
ALGERIA
Algiers 37N 36 95 71 77 87 21
ARGENTINA
Buenos Aires 35S 31 93 73 76 86 22
ARMENIA
Yerevan 40N 7 96 69 72 91 25
AUSTRALIA
Brisbane 27S 44 88 72 77 84 14
Sydney 34S 42 90 68 73 82 12
AUSTRIA
Vienna 48N 9 86 67 69 83 19
BAHAMAS
Nassau 25N 57 91 79 81 87 12
BELGIUM
Brussels 51N 15 82 67 69 80 17
BERMUDA
Hamilton 32N 55 88 78 80 85 8
BRAZIL
Rio De Janeiro 23S 59 102 79 82 95 19
Sao Paolo 24S 48 89 69 73 81 15
CHILE
Santiago 33S 29 89 65 68 85 32
CHINA
Beijing 40N I3 94 71 79 87 16
Nanjing 32N 23 94 81 83 90 II
Shanghai 31N 26 94 81 83 91 12
COLOMBIA
Bogota 5N 36 70 56 60 66 21
CUBA
Guantanamo 20N 67 94 78 82 91 15
CZECH REPUBLIC
Prague 50N 3 84 65 67 69 20
DENMARK
Copenhagen 56N 12 77 63 65 74 15
ECUADOR
Quito 0 45 72 54 58 67 18
EGYPT
Cairo 30N 45 100 69 75 89 24
FRANCE
Paris 49N 18 86 69 71 81 19
GERMANY
Berlin 52N II 86 66 68 81 17
Munich 48N 4 84 66 67 80 20
/\
~;;.
 APPENDIX 507

TABLEA.9 (Continued)
Heating Cooling
Degree
Location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MDB DR
GREECE
Athens 38N 34 93 69 75 85 17
HUNGARY
Budapest 47N 8 90 69 71 87 22
IRELAND
Dublin 53N 29 72 63 64 69 13
ISRAEL
Tel Aviv 32N 44 88 69 78 84 10
ITALY
Milan 46N 15 90 7.+ 77 86 23
Naples 41N 32 92 73 79 85 20
, Rome 42N 30 87 7.+ 79 83 18
JAMAICA
Kingston 18N 71 92 78 81 89 12
JAPAN
Osaka 35N 28 93 77 79 88 14
Tokyo 36N 31 91 78 80 88 II
KENYA
Nairobi IS 49 84 60 66 75 24
KOREA, NORTH
Pyongyang 39N 3 87 75 78 84 14
KOREA, SOUTH
Seoul 38N 7 89 77 80 86 14
KUWAIT
Kuwait 29N 38 117 69 82 94 28
MEXICO
Acapulco 17N 68 92 80 82 90 13
Mexico City 19N 39 84 57 62 74 25
NETHERLANDS
Amsterdam 52N 17 80 66 69 77 15
NORWAY
Oslo 60N -8 78 60 62 73 18
PANAMA
Panama City 9N 73 95 76 82 89 16
PERU
Lima 12S. 57 86 75 76 83 12
PHILIPPINES
Manila 15N 69 95 81 83 91 16
POLAND
Warsaw 52N 0 84 67 70 82 20
PORTUGAL
Lisbon 39N 39 93 69 73 87 19
RUSSIA
Moscow 56N -10 82 67 69 78 15
508 APPENDIX

TABLEA.9 OUTDOOR HEATING AND COOLING DESIGN CONDITIONS-WORLD LOCATIONS---{CONCLUDED)

Heating Cool1ng

Degree
location LAT Days DB DB MWB WB MDB DR
SAUDI ARABIA
Riyadh 25N 41 III 64 69 96 25
SINGAPORE
Singapore IN 73 91 79 81 88 II
SOUTH AFRICA
Johannesburg 26S 34 84 60 65 77 19
SPAIN
Barcelona 41N 32 85 74 77 83 15
Madrid 41N 24 97 69 71 94 29
SWEDEN
Stockholm 59N· -I 79 63 66 74 16
SWITZERLAND
Geneva 46N 18 86 66 68 82 00

TAIWAN
Taipei 25N 48 94 80 82 91- 13
THAILAND
Bangkok 14N 65 99 80 84 94 17
TURKEY
Istanbul 41N 26 86 70 74 82 15
UNITED KINGDOM
Birmingham 52N 21 78 64 65 75 17
London 51N 22 80 65 67 77 18
UKRAINE
Kiev SON -2 83 67 69 79 17
URUGUAY
Montevideo 35S 35 89 72 76 83 17
VENEZUELA
Caracas liN 70 92 84 86 90 13
VIETNAM
Ho Chi Minh City
(Saigon) IlN 68 95 77 81 90 15
YUGOSLAVIA
Belgrade 45N 11 92 71 73 87 22
ZIMBABWE
Harare 18S 45 86 62 68 76 21
Lat. =latitude
ClB =dry bulb temperature, F
MWB = mean coincident wet bulb temperature, F
MDB = mean coincident dry bulb temperature, F
0R = mean daily range of DB temperature, F
~bridged with permission from the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals.
 Room Heating Load Calculations
P. _ _ 01 _ _ PP.
Project _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-, Location - - - - - - - c - - - , - - - - - - - - Indoor DB _ _ _ F
Engrs. Cafc. by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chk. by _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Outdoor DB _ _ F

Room
Plan Size
Heat Transfer U x A x TD = BTUlhr U x A x TD = BTUlhr U x A x TD = BTUlhr

Walls

Windows

Doors

Roof/ceifing
Floor
Partition

Heat Transfer Loss I I I

Infiltration (CFMf (CFM) (CFM)
1.1 x A x B x TC = 1.1 x A x B x TC = 1.1 x A x B x TC =
Window 1.1 1.1 1.1
Door 1.1 1.1 1.1

Infiltration Heat Loss

I I I
Room Heating Load I I I
Room
Plan Size
Heat Transfer U x A x TD = BTU/hr U x A x TD = BTu/hr U x A x TD = BTUlhr
-
Walls

Windows

Doors .

Roof/ceiling
-
Floor
Partition

.
Heat Transfer Loss I I I
Infiltration (CFM) (CFM) (CFM)
1.1 x A x B x TC = 1.1 x A x B x TC = 1.1 x A x B x TC =
Window 1.1 1.1 1.1
Door 1.1 1.1 1.1

Infiltration Heat Loss

I I I
Room Heating load I I I
Infiltration CFM ColumnA Column B
Windows CFM perf! Crack length. ft
Doors CFM per ft2 Area, ft2

Figure A.1
Room heating load calculations form.

509
510 APPENDIX

Building Heating Load Calculations DB. F w', grllb

Project Indoor
Location Calc. by Outdoor
Engineers Chk. by Ditt.

Heat Transfer
Q! U ~ A ~ TD ! BTU/hr

Roof

Walls

Windows

Doors

Floor

Heat Transfer Subtotal

Infiltration Os = 1.1 x CFMx TC=

Building Net Load

Ventilation Os = 1.1 x CFMx TC=

Q L =O.68x - CFMx gr/lb =

Duct Heat Loss %

Duct Heat Leakage %

Piping and Pickup Allowance %

Service HW Load

Boiler or Furnace Gross Load

FigureA.2
Building heating load calculations form.

510
- M;,
 APPENDIX 511

COMMERCIAL COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS

Project _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Bldg./Room _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Location Engrs. Calc. by Chk. by _ _ _ _ __

DB WB RH W'
F F % gr~b Daily Range ___ F Ave. ___ F
Design IOutdoor Time _ _ _ _ _ __
Day
Conditions IRoom Lat.

Conduction Oir. Color U

A, ft' CLTD, F SCL
Gross Net Table Carr. BTUlhr

Glass

a.
Wall e"
OJ

Roof/ceiling
Floor
Partition
Door

Solar Oir. Sh. SHGF A SC CLF

HO","
~1"
..JI..J

§
U) "'-
Go a: x
(f)!l- ....
CLIO: •
Glass

v~
a:f,;a:"
io
lights _ _ _ _ W x 3.41 x _ _ _ _ BF x _ _ _ _ CLF
Lights W x 3.41 x SF x eLF LCL
People SHG x _ _ _ _ n x _ _ _ _ CLF BTUlhr
_ _ _ _ LHGx n
Equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Equipment _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
Infittration 1.1 x _ _ _ _ CFM x _ _ _ _ TC
0.68 x CFM x gr/lb
Subtotal I
SA duct gain _ _ _ _ __
SA duct leakage _ _ _ _ __
Tot'aICL
SA fan gain (draw through) _ _ _ __ BTUlhr
Room/Building Cooling Load
SA fan gain (blow through) _ _ _ __
Ventilation 1.1 x _ _ _ _ CFM x _ _ _ _ TC
0.68 x CFM x grJlb
RA duct gainl _ _ _ _ __
RA fan gain _ _ _ __
Cooling Coil Load
Pump gain _ _ _ _ __
Refrigeration Load

Figure A.3
Commercial cooling load calculations form.
512 APPENDIX

RESIDENTIAL COOLING Project _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Out.DB _ _ _ F In.DB _ _ _ F D.R. _ _ _ F

LOAD CALCULATIONS Location _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ Out. WB F In.RH % ACH _ __

Room Name
Plan Size
D. U A ClTD BTUlhr D. U A ClTD BTUlhr D. U A ClTD BTUlhr D. U A ClTD BTUlhr
Wall

Roof/ceiling
Floor
Partition
Door I
D. ClF D. ClF D. ClF D. ClF

Windows

Infiltration
People .

Appliances
RSCl

Room Name
Plan Size
D. U A ClTD BTUlhr D. U A ClTD BTU/hr D. U A ClTD BTUlhr D. U A ClTD BTUlhr
Wall

Roof/ceiling I
Floor
Partition
Door I I
D. ClF D. ClF D. ClF D. ClF

Windows

-
Infiltration
People .

Appliances
RSCl
Buitding Total NOTES:
Sum RSCl = _ _ _ _ _ __
Duct gain _ _ % = _ _ _ _ _ __
Duct leak _ _ % = _ _ _ _ _ __
BSCl= _ _ _ _ __
BTCl = _ _ x BSCl = _ _ _ _ __
Unit size = _ _ _ _ _ __

Figure A.4
Residential cooling load calculations form.

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FigureA.5
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FigureA.6
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