A Survey On The Insects and Pests in The Production of Rice
A Survey On The Insects and Pests in The Production of Rice
A Survey On The Insects and Pests in The Production of Rice
Researchers:
Malutao, Jorge Rb
2020
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of the study was to known the common insect’s pest, that
causing yield loses in the production of rice. It also show in the study the different
prevention method/measures that farmers used to prevent it. The main reason why
researcher conduct this study is for helping the future farmers of the rice production so
Rice is considered as a staple the food in the Philippines it is also the major
sources of calories and the single largest sources of income. It is noted that 96% of the
Philippines rice is harvested from irrigated or rain fed lowland rice field. (Phil. Rice 1931).
In this system, fields are keep covered with water throughout the growing season,
putting a strain on scares and costly resources. Furthermore, anaerobic microbes, found
in soils that are deprived of oxygen due to continuous flooding. Produce methane,
powerful greenhouse gas and chemical fertilizer and pesticides can cause soil and water
As the nationwide demand for rice increase, finding ways to grow more rice while
ensure food security. Farmers in many parts of the country are taking the initiative to find
One such innovation is the system of Rice Intensification( SRI) which was
develop during the 1990 s by French Priest in Madagascar Father Henry De Lauline who
spent 20 years learning about rice growing practices form local farmers SRI is a set of
low- cost crop Management techniques which promote, community- led Agricultural
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Common insect pest attacking to the production of rice plant damages caused by
rice insects. Insect pest attack all portions of the rice plant and all stages of plant growth.
Feeding guilds consists of the (1) Roots Feeders (2) Stem Borer (3) Leaf Hoppers and
Plant Hoppers (4) Defoliators and (5) Grain sucking insects, insects also attacks rice
grain in storage.
Domestican of O. Sativa occurred some 10,000 years ago in the rivers valleys of
South and Southeast Asia and China. Rice spice men found in China date back to 3,000
BC and earliest Historical Chinese writings indicate of the five (5) Principal Food Plants
Rice was introduced into Southern Japan in about 100 B.C and from there it is
spread reaching the extreme worth of Japan only in the eighteen Century. The
Portuguese introduced rice into Brazil and Spaniards introduced rice into Central parts of
the South America. The rice plants consists of roots, stem, leaves and panicle rice
passes through the following 10 stages during its grown cycle. In the forest region of
West Africa, prior to sowing of rice, trees, shrubs and weeds in fallow upland fields are
cut and the burned. For rice plants to complete with weeds, rice, seeds is sown within a
few days after burning. Rice seed grown directly into untiled land.
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This study was conducted to identify which insect pest attacking to the production of
1. What are the common insects and pests attacking to the production of rice?
2. What are the different preventive measures to prevent the insects and pests?
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Conceptual Framework
INSECTS FARMERS
Community- Involves farmer Agriculturist, home crop growers it could help them
to know what the different Insect Pest that they should are aware to their different Rice
crop.
Farmers- Farmers can really help of it. They will know the Insects they need to
avoid on their Rice Production so that they will avoid of loss profit.
Future Researchers- This study will stand as reference for the future studies it
The study focused on the most harmful insect pest in the production of rice. The
study was conducted on Barangay Santiago, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo (in every purok) the
study focused on the different insects and pests which attack to the production of rice in
our community.
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Definition of Terms
For the betterment and easy understanding, the following terms were defined
synthetic origin that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth. Many artificial fertilizer
contains acids, such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acids, which tend to increase the
acidity of the soil, reduce the soil beneficial organism population and interface with plant
growth.
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synthetic origin that is added to the soil to sustain plant growth, furthermore chemical
fertilizer
-A person who pays a fixed sum for some privileged or source of income.
Insects -Are those Insect that feed on, complete for food with more termite
disease to humans and livestock. Ecosystem modified by human activities have provide
opportunities for Insects and Species that successfully adapt often become pests.
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Insects-a small animal that has six legs and body formed of three parts and that
damaging crops.
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Chapter 2
Related Theories
Theoretical model that served as the basis of this study is from the International
Rice Institute, DAP Box 7777 which is evaluated three agronomic practices where
comprehension to insect pest loss could be a reason for the differences. Due to the
popularity of early maturing varieties above 100kg/ha gives high yields, the fact that they
do not performs trial to compare varying rate does not allow them to know the optimal
levels.
transplanted seedlings (20-d-old), but farmers failed to do so in part because such young
seedlings cannot be easily pulled without being ripped apart due to the hard soil. Finally
a compromise between longer and shorting maturing varieties is called for the former
have less ability to comprehensive from pest damages, whereas the latter, despite
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Related Studies
Rice is staple food for more than fifty percent of the world population. For
decades rice crops have directly rice crops have directly or indirectly played a key role in
the livelihood of several billion people. In 2010, 154 million hectares of rice were
cultivated worldwide, in which 137 million hectares were in Asia, with 48 million hectares
dedicated to rice cultivation. Of rice growing regions in Bangladesh. Barisal is one of the
For this reasons, as well as the regions consistently high yields, Barisal is known
as the “CROP HOUSE of BANGLADESH. Although for several decades farmers have
been plagued by a number of pest related issues. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is
The focus of this study was examine the impact of Integrated Pest Management
in a rice agro economic-system. Currently, more than 80% of farmers rely on pesticides.
IPM method employed in our study had on the impact on the number of healthy tillers
and hills grains weight. The lowest percentage of dead heart (1.03) and white head
(2.00). Was found in the IPM treated plots. This plots had an average yield of 7.4
tone/ha. We found that there were significant differences between the treatment and the
We conclude that IPM practices are an effective strategy for obtaining high rice
yields while protecting the environment and creating a more sustainable agro-
ecosystem. Furthermore, the need for ongoing research and training on IPM methods
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pest life provides the basis for successful design and implementation of an IPM strategy.
A farmers practices and a well-design IPM plan should be closely linked in rice
ecosystem.
A system IPM plan accounts for the protection of beneficial insect, secondary
pest outbreaks, spread of disease, contamination of air, water and soil resources, and
pest resurgence. The wide scale adoption of IPM in rice agro-ecosystem could provide a
tremendous net benefit to farmers in a number of countries. The innovative IPM program
utilized in this is from the “FARMER FIELD SCHOOL MODEL” and is applicable to rice
resurgence, which is the primary focus of the National IPM Program of any country in the
world.
Two hundred sixty-six insect species have been identified in rice ecosystem in
Bangladesh. These insect form a complex food web within the rice ecosystem. In the
rice agro-ecosystem insect species are considered to be pest. Pest insect species are
considered to be pest. Pest species can be categorized as minor and major pest. These
pest cause severe damages to rice crops at different growth stages. The degree of
considered to be a major rice pest. According to DAE in Bangladesh the stem borer can
be eradicated through several methods; lights trapping, hand picking eggs from rice
leave, sweeping with a net perching, burning rice stubble, cultivation of insect resistant
varieties using biogents, applying Economic Threshold Level (ETL) based insecticides in
Bangladesh
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Currently most rice farmers rely on insecticides rather than utilizing IPM strategies.
strategies.
IPM techniques protect the natural enemies of pest insect aid in the restoration of
management options, including the judicious use of pesticides. Organic food production
employs similar methods to IPM but precludes the use of pesticides that are produced
from synthetic chemicals. Not with standing this, at a community level worldwide,
chemical pesticides, have played a vital role in providing an abundant and in expensive
food source.
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Summary
The initial reports by the farmers who monitored the presence of said pest on
their rice field came from the municipality of Asingan, Pangasinan. However as, of
October 13, validated reports of areas affected by RBB included San Miguel with 716
hectares. Seeing the urgency of controlling further increase in population of said pest,
DA has set various briefings and massive info dissemination on how could pest could be
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According to Regional Crop Protection Center (RCPC) head in the region Ms.
Marivic Begonia, the DA has not been amiss in informing farmers about RBB as
Communication (IEC) materials on RBB had been conducted by DA in the region since
2007.
The Rice Black Bug is one of the most difficult pest to manage and it’s locally
known as (
insect that sucks the plant sap through the stems and nodes near the water surface. As
explained during the two day planning workshop, RBB attacks rice plant at almost of its
stages of growth in the irritated area and could result from severe to complete crop loss
during heavy infestation. Ms. Begonia added that if the rice plant has been infested with
about 10-15 RBB per hill, this can cause a yield reduction of about 23%.
Most of the cases reported where RBB was monitored are during or after a full
moon. According to researchers on the nature of said pest, the full moon cycle affects
RBB’s flight activity. RBB outbreaks is also triggered when there is a relatively small
natural enemy complex in the ecosystem, low availability of alternate host in the vicinity
of the rice fields, application of high levels of nitrogenous fertilizer and when there is
Rice serves as the primary host for the RBB while corn and weeds are among its
alternative hosts. Other control measures are conservation and deployment of beneficial
insects, internment irrigation with at least 10-12 cm during maximum tilling to heading
stages at 3 days interval, herding of ducks in the field, removal of weeds, plowing under
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of heavily infested field immediately after harvest and submerging stubbles under water
the pest but with the limited production capacity of the rearing laboratory, it cannot
Once the fungus spores attach to the surface of the insect germinate and begin
to grow, they penetrate the exoskeleton of the insects and grow very rapidly inside the
insect causing the insects to die. Other insects that come in contact with infected insects
also becomes infected with the fungus. It has been proven an effective control measures
for RBB and other pest in the field. However one of the most effective control measures
which had been adopted by the most farmers is the use of lights trapping technology
Light trapping is the best done two days before or until three days after the full
moon period from 8 in the evening till midnight. As part of the planning workshop,
Municipal Agriculturist from District 5 and 6 drafted an action plan on how they can join
efforts with the DA in dressing the problem on pest monitoring, management and control
in their respective municipalities. They also conducted an actual light as part of the
workshop activities. The DA strongly oppose the use of insecticides to control RBB as
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
research method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon that
Researchers conducted an interview in every Purok in the said Barangay wherein the
The respondents of the study were the rice farmers of Barangay Santiago,
Barotac Viejo, Iloilo who have shared their experiences about rice production.
Dande Dorilag 49 years old, Mr. Dorilag has 6 years as a rice farmers.
Rogelio Cautibar a 65 years old and had an experience for almost 30 years as a rice
farmers.
Banjo Balbontin a 61 years old and he started farming of rice since (1986).
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Lastly Joseph Ancuna a 56 years old and he started farming since childhood and
Sampling techniques
of the study.
selected for the sample are chosen by the judgment of the researcher. Researcher often
believed that they can obtain represent sample by using a sound judgment.
Sample size
Research instrument
The researcher used interview guide and observation in gathering data. The
Interview is a conversation where researcher asked and the interviewee was answered
our said questions that researcher was given. In the other word INTERVIEW- refers to a
one or more conversation with one person acting in the role of interviewer and the other
in a role of interviewee.
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Data Gathering
The researcher conduct an interview at Purok 1, Purok 2, Purok 3 and Purok 4in
Barangay Santiago, Barotac Viejo, Iloilo. The researcher personally administered the
questionnaire and the respondents were requested to understand before answering the
following questions. In gathering data the researcher must have used methods as
following:
Interview with the farmers- interviews were conducted one on one or with a small
group. The interviews can be used throughout the data gathering process.
Although the process time consuming, it is useful because you can gather
specific information and ask the follow-up questions to get more detailed on the
particular interest.
gather data. Observation are done in conjunction with another data gather
Surveys-are used when you want to gather information from a large number of
people and when it is impractical to meet them all face to face clearly it is
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Data Analysis
allow the method of analysis to follow the nature of the data itself. For example, artistic
interview data. In all cases however the focus is on depth understanding of meaning of
abstract out the themes these are essential aspects without which the experience would
have not been the same discovered through an engagement with the description of the
experiences to understand its meaning. The data were analyzed and categorized
according to the objectives of the study. The following statistical tools will be used.
with the farmers experiences in planting rice with the factors that for the good
harvest.
Percentage- the percentage was been used to determine the portion of the
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CHAPTER IV
In this chapter present the results and discussion of data accordance on what
Insect Pest Attacking to the Production of Rice (Oryza Sativa). The main purpose of this
study was to know the solution used by the farmers to control the pest that attack in Rice
Production.
Table 1: Questions and Answer (Rogelio Cautibar, Benjo Balbontin, Joseph Ancuna,
Dande Dorilag)
production of
rice
As show in the table the most pest attack rice plants are Rats, Rice Stemborrer, GLH,
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70% of insect
pest
The table shows that the most prevention method of controlling pest in Production is
solutions for
the occurrence
of problem
within their
farm.
In table three it simply show how farmers faced the problem about Insect pest in Rice
Production.
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Some of the farmers share their story the researcher that they are all poor family. But the
help of Rice Production they felt lucky that they still survive. Respondents tells the
researcher that the farmers are not all necessarily poor people, there are some people
CHAPTER V
Conclusions
The following conclusions are the results from the finding of the study.
1. Rice Stemborrer, Rats, BPH, are the pest that attacks often and one of the
2. Being Innovation to find alternative solution is the best secret of farmers in Rice
3. Constant monitoring of situation of the farm is the technique used by the farmers
4. RC 10 is the rice variety mostly used by the rice farmers in the said Barangay.
6. The different answer from farmers are truly based in their experienced in the rice
farming.
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Recommendations
2. Farmers who want build a good production should stay positive besides the
3. Rice Stemborrer, Rats, BLH are the pest that mostly attacking in Rice
Production.
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Bio Data
Personal Data
Email: katkat.yahoo.com.ph
Manila
Citizenships: Filipino
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College:
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Bio Data
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Citizenships: Filipino
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Iloilo
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