Name Jemal Kedir I.D No AWR/031/13 Dep't Arebic Weekend

ASSIGNMENT
Name Jemal Kedir I.D no AWR/031/13 Dep't Arebic Weekend
1. Which Control of Weather & Climate predominantly affect Ethiopian

climate?
 The climate of Ethiopia is therefore mainly controlled by the seasonal
migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and
associated atmospheric circulations as well as by the complex
topography of the country.
How?
 Ethiopia has been experiencing climate extremes, such
as droughts and floods, increased temperature, and erratic
rainfall .
 Drought occurrences have become endemic to the country and
are severely affecting the livelihood of millions of people
2. Discuss spationtemporal distribution of tempratur & rain fall in Ethiopia?
3.Do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? Is it warming or cooling?
 In Ethiopia, the climate varies mostly with altitude, and it goes from
the hot and arid climate of the lowlands to the cool climate of the
plateau. Lying just north of the Equator, the country experiences little
variation in temperature throughout the year.
Rainfall is caused by the southwest monsoon, which affects the
country from June to September (the rainy season is called Kiremt), but
it only affects some areas, namely the plateau and the mountain slopes
exposed to the south-west, while in the south-east of the country, there
are two rainy periods, though less intense, usually from March to May
and in October-November; in the latter area, during some years, the
rains don't occur at all, causing drought.
 Is it warming or cooling ?
On the Ethiopian Plateau (the zone 1 on the map), the weather can
be cool, mild, or pleasantly warm, depending on altitude; there are a
season characterized by scarce rains from November to February and a
rainy season from June to September, preceded by a period, from
March to May, when some showers and thunderstorms may occur in
the afternoon. The annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 to 2,200
millimeters (40 to 87 inches). Rainfall occurs as downpour or
thunderstorm, usually in the afternoon or in the evening, even during
the monsoon season, when, however, cloudiness is more widespread.
4.What causes climate change?

Causes of Climate Change
The causes of climate change are generally categorized as anthropogenic/manmade and natural
causes.
A. Natural Causes
Climate change has many natural causes, such as variations in the energy budget, the position of
Earth relative to Sun, the position of continents relative to the equator, and even whether the
continents are together or apart. Here are some of the major natural causes:
Earth orbital changes: The earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5° to the perpendicular plane of
its orbital path. Changes in the tilt of the earth can lead to small but climatically important
changes in the strength of the seasons. More tilt means warmer summers and colder winters.
Energy Budget: Although the Sun‟s energy output appears constant, small changes over an
extended period of time can lead to climate changes. Since the Sun was born, 4.5 billion years
ago, the star has been very gradually increasing its amount of radiation so that it is now 20% to
30% more intense than it was once.
Volcanic eruptions: volcanic eruption releases large volumes of sulphur dioxide, carbon
dioxide, water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere. The release of large volume of gases and
ash can increase planetary reflectivity causing atmospheric cooling.
B. Anthropogenic Causes
The growing influence of human activities on the environment is being increasingly recognized,
and concern over the potential for global warming caused by such anthropogenic effects is
growing. The warming of earth planet in the past 50 years is majorly driven by human activities.
The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric
carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million in the last 150 years.
Human induced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have
caused much of the observed increase in Earth's temperatures over the past 50 years.
The decomposition of wastes in landfills, agriculture, ruminant digestion and manure
management, synthetic compounds manufacturing, clearing of land for agriculture, industrial
activities, and other human activities have increased concentrations of greenhouse gases. The 67
major gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect include Water vapor, Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Methane, Nitrous oxide, Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).Although methane is less abundant in
atmosphere, it is by far more active greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide
The main causes of climate change are:
 Humanity's increased use of fossil fuels – such as coal, oil and gas to
generate electricity, run cars and other forms of transport, and power
manufacturing and industry.
 Deforestation – because living trees absorb and store carbon dioxide.
 The evidence is clear: the main cause of climate change is burning
fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. When burnt, fossil fuels
release carbon dioxide into the air, causing the planet to heat up.
5.Discuss soils,natural vegetation and wildlife resources of Ethiopia?
 Phytogeographically, Ethiopia comprises diverse vegetation types,

including the tropical lowland rainforest in the southwest, arid and
semi-arid dry woodlands in the East, and the Afroalpine forests in the
north and southeast.
 Wildlife resources means all wild animals, wild birds, and aquatic
animal life.
6. How manytimes has Ethiopia undertaken a census ? what does the inter-
censual population change look like at least in terms of number and its
dynamics?
7.

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ASSIGNMENT

Name Jemal Kedir I.D no AWR/031/13 Dep't Arebic Weekend

1. Which Control of Weather & Climate predominantly affect Ethiopian

4.What causes climate change?

5.Discuss soils,natural vegetation and wildlife resources of Ethiopia?

 Phytogeographically, Ethiopia comprises diverse vegetation types,

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