Solar Refrigerator System: M. Bramhaiah (182P5A03

SOLAR REFRIGERATOR SYSTEM
A Seminar Report on
Submitted by
M. BRAMHAIAH
(182P5A0314)
in
Mechanical Engineering
CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
Vidyanagar, Proddatur - 516360.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2020 - 2021
CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Vidyanagar, Proddatur - 516360.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
A Seminar Report on
“SOLAR REFRIGERATOR
SYSTEM"
SUBMITTED BY
NAME :M.BRAMHAIAH
ROLL NO. : 182P5A0314
Signature of the Signature of the Signature of the

Student Coordinator HOD
1
PRESENTED BY
M.BRAHMAIAH
(182P5A0314)
ABSTRACT: 2
 Solar energy is proved to be an ideal source for low

temperature heating applications. Three known approaches that
use solar energy to provide refrigeration at temperature below 0
degrees include photovoltaic (PV) operated refrigeration, solar
mechanical, and absorption refrigeration.
 Both PV operated and solar mechanical cycles rely on vapor
compression refrigeration cycle whereas absorption refrigeration
uses thermal energy asthe primary input to the cycle.
 Among these three approaches, the photovoltaic system is the
most viable and appropriate means for small capacity portable
systems located in areas not near conventional energy resources.
CONTENTS 3
 Introduction
 How it works
 Types of solar refrigeration systems
 Working of solar refrigeration
systems
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
INTRODUCTION 4
Solar refrigeration:
 Refrigerator which runs on electricity
provided by Solar Energy is known assolar
refrigeration.
 Solar-powered refrigerators may be
most commonly used in the future
generation.
 Developing the world to help
mitigate poverty and climate change.
HOW ITWORKS 5
 Solar-powered refrigeration system employs a PV panel, vapor compressor, thermal storage

and reservoir and electronic controls. The process that makes the refrigeration possible is
the conversion of sunlight into DC electrical power, achieved by the PVpanel.
 The DC electrical power drives the compressor to circulate refrigerant through a vapor
compression refrigeration loop that extracts heat from an insulated enclosure.
 This enclosure includes the thermal reservoir and aphasechange material.
 This material freezes as heat is extracted from the enclosure. This process effectively
creates an "ice pack," enabling temperature maintenance inside the enclosure in the absence
of sunlight. Proper sizing of the highly insulated cabinet, phase change thermal storage,
variable speed compressor and solar PV panel allow the refrigerator to stay cold all year
long. To optimize the conversion of solar power into stored thermal energy, a compressor
control method fully exploits the available energy.
TYPES OF SOLAR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS : 6
 It consists mainly two types:

• Rechargeable:
• It consist of a lead ion battery which
stores charge for critical condition.
• Non Rechargeable:
• It runs directly on the solar panel.
• These are classified into three types:
• Photovoltaic Operated Refrigeration
Cycle
• Solar Mechanical Refrigeration
• Absorption Refrigeration
WORKING OF SOLAR REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS: 7
a) Photovoltaic Operated Refrigeration Cycle:
 Photovoltaic (PV) involve the direct conversion of solar

radiation to direct current (DC) electricity using semi
conducting materials.
 In concept, the operation of a PV-powered solar refrigeration
cycle is simple.
 Vapour compression cycle with power input from Photovoltaic
cells.
 DC electric power output from PV runs the compressor of a
conventional cycle.
8
Fig. PV Solar
refrigerating
system
9
 Solar photovoltaic panels produce dc electrical power that can be used to

operate a dc motor, which is coupled to the compressor of a vapor
compression refrigeration system.
 The major considerations in designing a PV-refrigeration cycle involve
appropriately matching the electrical characteristics of the motor driving
the compressor with the available current and voltage being produced by
the PV array.
 PV modules will operate over a wide range of conditions that are rarely
as favorable asthe rating condition.
 In addition, the power produced by a PVarray is asvariable
as the solar resource from which it isderived.
B) SOLAR MECHANICAL 10
REFRIGERATION :
 Solar mechanical refrigeration uses a conventional vapour
compression system driven by mechanical power that is produced
with a solar- driven heat power cycle.
 The heat power cycle usually considered for this application is a
Rankine cycle in which a fluid is vaporized at an elevated pressure
by heat exchange with a fluid heated by solar collectors.
 A storage tank can be included to provide some high temperature
thermal storage.
 The vapour flows through aturbine or piston expander
to produce mechanical power.
11
Fig. Solar Mechanical

Refrigeration System
12
 The fluid exiting the expander is condensed and pumped back to

the boiler pressure where it is again vaporized.
 The efficiency of the Rankine cycle increases with increasing

temperature of the vaporized fluid entering the expander.
 The Rankine cycle efficiency estimated for a high-temperature
organic fluid assuming that saturated vapor is provided to a 70%
efficient expander and condensation occurs at 35°C (95°F).
 The overall efficiency of solar mechanical refrigeration, defined as the
ratio of mechanical energy produced to the incident solar radiation,
is the product of the efficiencies of the solar collector and the
power cycle.
C) ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM:
13
 Absorption refrigeration is the least intuitive of the
solar refrigeration alternatives.
 Unlike the PV and solar mechanical refrigeration options, the absorption
refrigeration system is considered a “heat
driven” system that requires minimal mechanical power for
the compression process.
 It replaces the energy-intensive compression in a vapor compression
system with a heat activated “thermal
compression system.”
 Ammonia is working fluid.
 Minimal mechanical power input (pump instead
of compressor).
 Absorption into water solution allows it to bepumped.
 Desorbed in generator (rectifier required to separate out water).
14
Fig. Absorption
Refrigeration system
15
 Heat into generator provided by solar collector.
 The pressurisation is achieved by dissolving the

refrigerant in the absorbent, in the absorber section.
 Subsequently, the solution is pumped to a high pressure with an ordinary

liquid pump.
 In this way the refrigerant vapour is compressed without the need of large
amounts of mechanical energy that the vapour-compression air
conditioning systemsdemand.
 This system greatly increases complexity.

16
ADVANTAGES
 Solar energy is the main source of energy that is utilized to run solar
refrigerator.
 So, significant amount of electrical power is saved and it also causes less
pollution that would have been added due to the use of power produced by the
conventional power plants.
 The solar energy is available in every part of the world and unlike fossil
fuels and nuclear power, it is a clean source of energy. Additional
power from the solar collector can also be used for the other domestic
purposes.
 The solar refrigerators can be very useful where there is no continuous
supply of electricity or difficult to getconventional fuel.
 More importantly it is renewable in nature. Conventional refrigeration
systems emit significant amount of gaswhich pollute the environment.
DISADVANTAGES 17
 As solar radiation is not available throughout the day, power productionis

not uniform. Again it depends on the intensity of the beam radiation.
 Even in the hottest regions on earth, the average solar radiation flux
rarely exceeds 1 kWh/m2 and the maximum radiation flux over a day is
about 6 kWh/m2.
 These are low values from the point of view of technological utilization. So,
those refrigeration systems can be used in those places where those problems
are not present.
 To produce sufficient energy from solar system, it needs bigger collector.
 So, there is a need of bigger space for the collector which is another
major problem for using solar refrigeration system.
 Initial investment to develop such set up is also large.
APPLICATIONS 18
 Solar energy should be given a chance if we want to protect the

environment.
 We own it to our children, our grandchildren and the generations to

come.
 Refrigerators
 Freezers
 Ice-makers
 Coolers
 Building air-cooling systems

CONCLUSION 19
COP for solar refrigeration systems is low, Better metrics: size,

cost, Complexity of solar refrigeration systems requires more
size, bulkiness Low operating costs do not outweigh high initial
investment, Advantage is that they don’t rely on power grid (PV is
most practical for small scale).
REFERENCES 20
 Ali Karno and Salman Ajib, 2008, Thermodynamic

Analysis of An Absorption Refrigeration Machine
With New Working Fluid for Solar Applications. Heat
Mass Transfer 45, 71 – 81.
 Refrigeration and Applications.
21
22

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SOLAR REFRIGERATOR SYSTEM

CHAITANYA BHARATHI INSTITUTE OF

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Signature of the Signature of the Signature of the

 Solar energy is proved to be an ideal source for low

 Solar-powered refrigeration system employs a PV panel, vapor compressor, thermal storage

 This enclosure includes the thermal reservoir and aphasechange material.

 It consists mainly two types:

 Photovoltaic (PV) involve the direct conversion of solar

 Solar photovoltaic panels produce dc electrical power that can be used to

Fig. Solar Mechanical

 The ﬂuid exiting the expander is condensed and pumped back to

 The efﬁciency of the Rankine cycle increases with increasing

 The pressurisation is achieved by dissolving the

 Subsequently, the solution is pumped to a high pressure with an ordinary

 This system greatly increases complexity.

 As solar radiation is not available throughout the day, power productionis

 Solar energy should be given a chance if we want to protect the

 We own it to our children, our grandchildren and the generations to

 Building air-cooling systems

COP for solar refrigeration systems is low, Better metrics: size,

 Ali Karno and Salman Ajib, 2008, Thermodynamic

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