Revised PPT For Online Lecture 2 Introduction To HVAC

Architectural Building Services - 708
SEM. 7 ,SESSION -1
SYLLABUS Marks -50 – Paper Internal -50 Max. – 50 MIN. - 20
Theme- Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning
• Comfort conditions- temperature control, Humidity control, air filtration, and air changes.
• Heating of spaces- local and central heating- heating equipment, Thermal conductivity, and insulation.
• Ventilation
• Mechanical ventilation in buildings- Mechanical
⁻ Ventilation in Basements
⁻ Fans, blowers, air filters
•Air conditioning
⁻ Concept of refrigeration cycle, and air cycle
⁻ Systems of air conditioning- local and central
⁻ Duct work and air conditioning layouts
⁻ Fittings and fixtures
Mon 15/06/2020 Artificial Heating systems QUIZ space heating and requirement of
(natural and artificial) systems, how to incorporate
Centralized heating of air for heating system in centralized
peculiar climatic area conditioning system
PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Service-708 Ar. Meghana Sawant.
HVAC -1
COMFORT CONDITIONS
HUMAN COMFORT
Outdoor & Indoor

THERMAL CONTROL
Temperature is most significant component to experience the comfort in a space. Maintaining a
person’s thermal comfort means ensuring that they don’t feel too hot or too cold. This means
keeping the temperature, humidity, air flow and radiant sources with in acceptable range in the
process our bodies metabolism generates heat, which must dissipate into the surrounding air or
surfaces.
HUMIDITY CONTROL
Humidity control is process where the level of precipitation in an air is detected and adjusted as per
human comfort requirement. Humidity control is important for three reasons:
‒ It is a large factor in people's thermal comfort.
‒ Excess moisture in a building can lead to mold and mildew, causing problems for indoor air quality.
‒ It is a large energy user.
AIR FILTERATION
Air filtration is a process in which quality of indoor air is maintained by mechanic and chemical means.
Cleaned air or gas is rare to find these days although it can be achieved by purifying or filtering the air.
Generally these kind of filtrations are used for people and products.
Air filtration process removes pollens, dust particles, harmful gases and other micro level impurities.
AIR CHANGES
An air change is how many times the air enters and exits a room from the artificial ventilation system
in one hour. Or, how many times a room would fill up with the air from the supply registers in sixty
minutes.

Temperature and humidity control measures
 Temperature control can be done for indoor environment ,for all types of building; the simplest
solution in building design to control temp. Is to provide openings in structure.
 When possibilities are limited, One can control temp. With the help of machines and electricity like
types of fans , heaters and air conditions.
 Humidity can only be control by mechanical means, the machinery that is used to control humidity
called as dehumidifier.
 To control humidity in room Turn down or off humidifier, and use a dehumidifier when necessary –
particularly in basements and during the summer.
 Use exhaust fans while cooking and bathing or open a window to exchange fresh, drier air.
 It's important to maintain the proper humidity levels in your home and workplace to keep a
comfortable, healthy space. Indoor humidity levels should be between 30 to 50 percent, with the
ideal level being about 45 percent.
Change in temperature, humidity and other factors can cause unsettled environment and
pollution. (extreme changes in monsoon pattern, increase in temp. in Summer )
It is difficult to control outdoor environmental factors to achieve human body comfort,
but we can easily control indoor environment by controlling few environmental factors
like temperature, humidity, air etc. (To balance the indoor environment and keep up the
comfort level)

H V A C MAINTAINING INDOOR
ENVIRONMENT FOR
C BUILT FORM
O
N
H DI
VE TI ARTIFICIAL
EA
TI NT O VENTILATION
N IL AI NI
G AT R N
IO G AIR FLOW
N QUALITY & QUANTITY
TO CREATE CONTROLED
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCTION TO HVAC
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system is the system or combination of system used
to provide a comfortable temperature in built structure and maintain high levels of air quality. As
designer and planner , it is important to understand the key roles of HVAC system plays and how they
operate in order to get the best results from the system.
●
To provide specific set of environment conditions required for
PURPOSE ●
achieving physical comfort for human body inside built form
Also to maintain particular indoor conditions to carry forward
few commercial processes
To prevent contamination and keep
USES
●
balance of indoor environment

●
To provide comfortable working conditions
FUNCTIO ●
●
Heating and cooling of indoor air
Humidifying and dehumidifying
●
Filtration of air
NS ●
Regulating and pressurization of air flow

HEATING  Heating is significant in maintaining adequate room temperature
especially during cold weather conditions. Heating can be
accomplished by heating air with in confined space. E.g. supply air
system, radiators, direct heat transfer.
VENTILATION
 Process of changing or replacing air in any space to control
temperature or remove any combination. Ventilation maintains
adequate mixture of gases in air. Remove contamination from
occupied spaces. Ventilation can be accomplished passively through
natural ventilation or actively through mechanical distribution
system.
AIR CONDITIONING
 Air conditioning and refrigeration are provided through the removal
of heat. Air conditioning refers to the sensible and latent cooling of
air. Sensible cooling involves the control of air temperature while
latent cooling involves the control of air humidity.
HVAC controls Air, Temperature and Humidity, mechanically . Control environment ensure
occupant comfort, provide safe operation of the equipments and uninterrupted process.

HEATING OF SPACES
 Heating of spaces specially for human comfort by any means (such as fuel, electricity or
solar radiation) with the heater with in confined space.
 Space heating systems are designed to satisfy the thermal comfort requirement of
occupants. The interaction between heating system and building fabric is critical to achieve
the thermal comfort and energy saving of particular system.
 So it is necessary to understand the relationship between thermal comfort of occupants
and the thermal comfort of building fabric, before understanding the heating system.
 space heating is considered as easy way of controlling indoor temperature for colder
region. To maintain the indoor temperature of building structure heating can be provided in
centralised way or direct as per confined spaces occupied by occupants.
 Direct source of heat is Sun in artificial or indoor heating systems ;Space heaters, can be
used locally or centrally as per the requirement of particular structure, occupant or as per
use of that space.
LOCAL SPACE HEATING CENTRAL SPACE HEATING
It acts as single ‘unit’ which finds space i.e Central heating offers a multi-room/multi-
individual room or area that needs heating. zone approach to heating.
Eg. electrical space heater. Eg. Floor water heating system

UNDERSTAND THE HEAT LOAD AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF STRUCTURE
 to design the heating system for particular structure a steady set of thermal loss of building or heat
output is required.
 This is to maintain comfort condition within the building with respect to external temperature.
 The energy consumption or fuel use for heating system is only determined with respect to the
occupation of that particular building, this required an estimated value of heat generated by system
and the efficiency of system within the fabric of building in a season or in hours of use whatever the
external heat conditions
HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE HEATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENT FOR STRUCTURES

 Broadly structures are divided into two types heavyweight buildings and lightweight buildings.
 Heavy weight building is slow in response it takes long to heat up and cool down(buildings which
are occupied on continuous basis)
therefore require slow heating process system
 Light weight building is quick in response to external environment and also heating system( building
which are used intermittent)
therefore require flexible and controllable heating system.

SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS
 Types of space heating systems have characteristics that includes speed of response, flexibility of
control, space requirement for installation, maintenance and cost (initial system cost, energy cost,
maintenance cost) their impact onSPACE
environment.
HEATING SYSTEMS
Direct /Local Space heating

Radiant/ convection Indirect / Central Heating System
Room Heaters, singular heat generating Space heaters, radiator systems
systems
SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS

 Electric heaters
 Heat pump
 Gas heaters
 Solid fuel burner
 Oil burner
 Solar heating

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Architectural Building Services - 708

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

To prevent contamination and keep

balance of indoor environment

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE HEATING SYSTEM REQUIREMENT FOR STRUCTURES

PILLAS HOC COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Direct /Local Space heating

SPACE HEATING SYSTEMS

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