The Ability to maintain a constant internal

environment in response to environmental changes

To reproduce

The process by which your body converts what you eat

and drink into energy.

Any process that results in a change in state or

activity of a cell or an organism
a lifelong process of physical, behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional growth and change
The DNA, carries the information and instructions
that directs the cell.

Change in the heritable characteristic of

biological populations

False

True

False

True
 A hypothesis is an if then
statement.
A problem statement, states what the expirement will
be on.
Quantitative Data
is
numbers. 1900

There is an uneven distribution of

electron
Adensity
dynamic attraction between neighboring water molecules involving one
hydrogen atom located between the two oxygen atoms
The attractive force exerted upon the surface molecules of a liquid by the molecules
beneath that tends to draw the surface molecules into the bulk of the liquid and makes the
liquid assume the shape having the least surface area.
Water is attracted to water.

Water is attracted to other substances.

The weight of a substance for a specific volume.

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Amino acids, Glycerol, Nucleotide, and monosaccharides

Biomacromolecules

molecule building blocks

Macromolecule
monomers polymer
molecule
provide you with energy & primary
fuel source for your brain's high
energy demands
 starch and it is used to maintain cell wall in plant cells
structural components of cell membranes, energy
storehouses, and signaling molecules
amino acids ribosomes
muscle, lysine, leucine
genetic information storage and expression
1 2
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
coding, decoding, regulation and
expression of genes

P
 -Have a true nuclei
- Have membrane bound
-Enclosed in organelles
-Have no nuclei plasma membranes -Found in humans
-lack membrane bound -contain ribosomes -Often multicellular
organeles -Have DNA -Reproduce/divide by
-Not found in humans -Filled with mitosis/meiosis
-Always unicellular cytoplasm -Linear DNA structure
-Reporduce/divide
by binary fission
-circular DNA structure

vesicles protein
Rough ER proteins

cell's skeleton

microtubles microfilament structure

move
boundary
enters leaves
semi-permeable

energy
 Adenosine
Triphosphate ATP Synthase

Glucose Oxygen ATP

Carbon Dioxide Water
Protiens
Liquids chemical
reaction detoxifies Ribosomes
proteins
DNA Genetic
Material information instructions
Nucleolus protien

ribosomes

proteins
vesicles apparatus
enzymes
viruses
cell parts
proteins

67%

37%

36%
 Stomata
Chlorophyll
Glucose
Fiber

It stores energy
ATP
Communication and
transport
it is the
currency Mitochondria

Yes To break down the

glucose
they make

Respiration is a chemical
reaction and breathing is a muscular
contraction.
Aerobic
Muscular Fatigue

Recovery
TIme

Products
Respiration
1

Oxygen and
Glucose
Carbon Dioxide and
Water
Carbon Dioxide, Water, &
Energy
Gluose, SUgar, and Oxygen
Gas
 homeostasis

Cell Membrane

glycero
molecules
hydrophilic hydrophobic
oxygen
carbon dioxide
high
low

Requires transport
gene
Does not require
transport gene Moves with
concentration
gradient

high energy
ATP
3 Active transport

diffusion

inside
 phagocytosis pinocytosis

receptor-mediated

Exocytosis
toxins or waste

Transport 10 sugar molecules across the membrane into the cell

using MINIMAL ATP
5
More Channel Protein

The diffusion of water across a membrane from an area of higher

water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

higher in solute
lower in solute

equal in solute

Aquaporin
passive

body cells

this makes you grow and

heal
no the rapid growth of
cells
interphase
 growth, replication, and function
cells
90
10

protein and a single molecule of

DNA
46

one
4 haploid gametes 23 gametes
genetically
It will reproduce a
limited
variety of gametes with certain alleles that are always passing on
together

Dominant Dominant
Recessive Recessive
genes chromosome
linked

Prophase
genetic

Homologous Chomosomes
 diversity
line up
1 2
same
shape

different independent
assortment
not
line op
random

anaphase 1
different variations
diversity gametes
diversity

Phenotype are the characteristics and Genotype are the

genetics

Dominant genes over power recessive

genes

Heterozygous genotypes have a dominant and a recissive.

Homozygous genotype have either just dominant or just
recessive.
 75
TT Tt
50
50
25 Tt tt

Nucleous
23
23
XY
XX
For an organism to develop,
survive
They make up the
and DNA and
reproduce
RNA
gene
C
A

T-A-C-T-G

RNA

Protein
Unzip
2
RNA polyerase

RNA molecule
carries codes from the DNA to
the
protein sythesis
 serve as blueprints for
protein
synthesis
cell membrane

8/9

amino acids
order length

amino acids
tRNA
polypeptides
they come apart

functional shape

all but 2
7/8

Gene mutation involving changes in one or

a few
nucleotides.
A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA
is replaced with a different nucleotide
the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs
into a DNA sequence.
A change to a chromosome in which a fragment of the
chromosome is removed.
when a single base is added or deleted from DNA

when mutations produce an extra part or copies of

chromosomes
The process by which organic substances move through
the phloem of a plant
a piece of chromosome
flipped
around
 The baby's brain and spinal cord will develp from the neural
tube. The heart and other organs als are starting to form and the
12 heart begins to beat. Structures necessary to the formation of
the eyes and ears develop. Small buds show that will become arms.
The fetus kicks, moves and can turn from side to side. The eyes
13 have been gradually moving to the front of the face, and the ears
have moved from the neck to the sides of the head.

The baby will open his or her eyes, gain more weight, and prepare
11 for delivery

hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur

CHON: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

True

reservoirs: soil
hydrosphere rocks and sediments
atmosphere, living
organisms, soils,
and oceans
animals eat the animals eat the animals eat the
they drink it plants and other plants and other plants and other
or it is also animals eat those animals eat those animals eat those
in their food animals animals animals

osmosis allows the the carbon gas from the soil

water to enter enters the plant from the soil
through the roots through
photosynthesis

it gets excreted organisms become excretory materials

through urine or fossil fuels that
condensation go through combustion decay
 bare rock with no life and no soil
succession

Primary succession

natural disaster

secondary succession

Depending on the soil

They need to be pollinated to reproduce

they need deep soil and they take longer to become established
the burnt trees left behind seeds

Primary occurs where there never has been life, secondary is where there use to be

life and now there isn't.

Species diversity is the number of different species in an area

Dissolved oxygen levels are highest in the blue water that has less algae and bacte
Low dissolved oxygen levels make it difficult for fish and aquatic insects to survi

the different species of life around the world or in a certain place

the amount of toxins in an animal because of it consuming another animal or plant that had tox
 arrows represent the direction of energy

producers
the organisms burn it

90%

a food chain follows one path of energy, in a food web, organisms are placed into different
tropic levels

The higher biodiversity in an ecosystem means that there is a greater variety of genes and
species in that ecosystem. A great variety of genes and species means that the ecosystem is
better able to carry out natural processes in the face of external stress. Thus, the ecosyst
is more sustainable.