MGM’s POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD

MicroProject Report
On
“Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin
functions”
Submitted in partial fulfillment for ‘I’ Scheme Third Semester

2020-21

Diploma in
ELECTRICALENGINEERING
By

Shaikh Abdul Muqsit Shaikh Abdul Ghani (1915010263)

Mohammad Arfat Mohammad Aslam (2015010109)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Y. U. Rathod
(Lecturer/HOD)

In Pursuit of Excellence

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

(Autonomous)
(ISO-9001-2015) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai

Certificate of Completion

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Shaikh Abdul Muqsit Shaikh Abdul Ghani (1915010263),
Mohammad Arfat Mohammad Aslam (2015010109) has successfully completed their Micro-
Project entitled " Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions "in
the Course of Fourth semester during their tenure of completing the Diploma programme in
Electrical Engineering From MGM's Polytechnic institute with institute code 1501.

Prof. Y. U. Rathod Prof. Y. U. Rathod

(Guide) (HOD)

Dr. B. M. Patil
(Principal)
 INDEX

Sr. No. Content Page No.

Micro-Project Proposal

1.0 (Annexure – I)
Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 01

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed 01

3.0 Proposed Methodology 01

4.0 Resources Required 01

Micro-Project Report

1.0 (Annexure – II)

Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project: 02

2.0 Course Outcomes Achieved 02

3.0 Literature survey 02

4.0 Interfacing a 16X2 LCD with Arduino 09

5.0 Applications of LCD 10

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

Micro-Project Proposal
Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin
functions

1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

The objective in this project is to develop and compare in term of method or topology of
LCD displays and able to solve the problem with optimum way and understand the pin
functions and its features that will be used in this project.

2. Course Outcomes
Interface the memory and I/O devices to microcontrollers

3. Proposed Methodology
the clarity and legibility of characters on numerical display devices of the luminous type
The brightness, luminance contrast, indication numerals, illuminance on the display device
faceplate surface, and angle of the inclination of the display device faceplate, affecting both
the clarity and legibility of the characters, to measured and to make the cross-correlation of
these parameters clear for both the clarity and legibility of the characters.

4. Resources Required

Sr.No Name of Resource/material Qty

1 Supply voltage; 5V 1
2 LCD panel 1
3 Switch. 1
4 8-bit data pins

5. Name of the team members

a. Shaikh Abdul Muqsit Shaikh Abdul Ghani
b. Mohammad Arfat Mohammad Aslam

Page | 1

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

Micro-Project Report
Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin
functions
1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:
The objective in this project is to develop and compare in term of method or topology
of LCD displays and able to solve the problem with optimum way and understand the pin
functions and its features that will be used in this project.

2. Course Outcomes Achieved

Interface the memory and I/O devices to microcontrollers

3. Literature survey
This chapter presents a review on the various types of LCD display its features and pin
functions. Nowadays, we always use the devices which are made up of LCDs such as CD
players, DVD players, digital watches, computers, etc. These are commonly used in the
screen industries to replace the utilization of CRTs. Cathode Ray Tubes use huge power
when compared with LCDs, and CRTs heavier as well as bigger. These devices are thinner
as well power consumption is extremely less. The LCD 16×2 working principle is, it blocks
the light rather than dissipate. This article discusses an overview of LCD 16X2, pin
configuration and its working.
3.1. What is the LCD 16×2?

The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display. It is one kind of electronic display
module used in an extensive range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile
phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc. These displays are mainly preferred for multi-
segment light-emitting diodes and seven segments. The main benefits of using this module are
inexpensive; simply programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for displaying
custom characters, special and even animations, etc.

16X2 LCD
Page | 2

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

3.2. LCD 16×2 Pin Diagram

The 16×2 LCD pinout is shown below.

• Pin1 (Ground/Source Pin): This is a GND pin of display, used to connect the GND terminal
of the microcontroller unit or power source.
• Pin2 (VCC/Source Pin): This is the voltage supply pin of the display, used to connect the
supply pin of the power source.
• Pin3 (V0/VEE/Control Pin): This pin regulates the difference of the display, used to connect
a changeable POT that can supply 0 to 5V.
• Pin4 (Register Select/Control Pin): This pin toggles among command or data register, used
to connect a microcontroller unit pin and obtains either 0 or 1(0 = data mode, and 1 =
command mode).
• Pin5 (Read/Write/Control Pin): This pin toggles the display among the read or writes
operation, and it is connected to a microcontroller unit pin to get either 0 or 1 (0 = Write
Operation, and 1 = Read Operation).
• Pin 6 (Enable/Control Pin): This pin should be held high to execute Read/Write process,
and it is connected to the microcontroller unit & constantly held high.
• Pins 7-14 (Data Pins): These pins are used to send data to the display. These pins are
connected in two-wire modes like 4-wire mode and 8-wire mode. In 4-wire mode, only four
pins are connected to the microcontroller unit like 0 to 3, whereas in 8-wire mode, 8-pins
are connected to microcontroller unit like 0 to 7.
• Pin15 (+ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to +5V
• Pin 16 (-ve pin of the LED): This pin is connected to GND.

LCD-16×2-pin-diagram
Page | 3

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

16X2 LCD pinout diagram

16X2 LCD pinout diagram

Page | 4

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

Pin
Function Name
No.

1 Ground (0V) Ground

2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc

Contrast adjustment; the best way is to use a variable resistor such

as a potentiometer. The output of the potentiometer is connected to
3 Vo / VEE
this pin. Rotate the potentiometer knob forward and backwards to
adjust the LCD contrast.

RS
4 Selects command register when low, and data register when high (Register
Select )
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write
Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given; Extra
voltage push is required to execute the instruction and EN(enable)
6 signal is used for this purpose. Usually, we set en=0, when we want Enable
to execute the instruction we make it high en=1 for some
milliseconds. After this we again make it ground that is, en=0.
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

Page | 5

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

3.3. Features of LCD16x2

The features of this LCD mainly include the following.

• The operating voltage of this LCD is 4.7V-5.3V

• It includes two rows where each row can produce 16-characters.
• The utilization of current is 1mA with no backlight
• Every character can be built with a 5×8 pixel box
• The alphanumeric LCDs alphabets & numbers
• Is display can work on two modes like 4-bit & 8-bit
• These are obtainable in Blue & Green Backlight
• It displays a few custom generated characters

3.4. RS (Register select)

A 16X2 LCD has two registers, namely, command and data. The register select is used to
switch from one register to other. RS=0 for command register, whereas RS=1 for data
register.

3.5. Command Register:

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task. Examples like:

• initializing it
• clearing its screen
• setting the cursor position
• Controlling display etc.
Processing for commands happens in the command register.

3.6. Data Register:

The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII
value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. When we send data to LCD it goes
to the data register and is processed there. When RS=1, data register is selected.

Page | 6

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

3.7. Important command codes for LCD

Sr.No. Hex Code Command to LCD instruction Register

1 01 Clear display screen

2 02 Return home

3 04 Decrement cursor (shift cursor to left)

4 06 Increment cursor (shift cursor to right)

5 05 Shift display right

6 07 Shift display left

7 08 Display off, cursor off

8 0A Display off, cursor on

9 0C Display on, cursor off

10 0E Display on, cursor blinking

11 0F Display on, cursor blinking

12 10 Shift cursor position to left

13 14 Shift cursor position to right

14 18 Shift the entire display to the left

15 1C Shift the entire display to the right

16 80 Force cursor to beginning ( 1st line)

17 C0 Force cursor to beginning ( 2nd line)

Page | 7

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

18 38 2 lines and 5×7 matrix

3.8. Displaying Custom Characters on 16X2 LCD

Generating custom characters on LCD is not very hard. It requires the knowledge
about custom generated random access memory (CG-RAM) of LCD and the
LCD chip controller. Most LCDs contain Hitachi HD4478 controller. CG-RAM is the
main component in making custom characters. It stores the custom characters once
declared in the code. CG-RAM size is 64 byte providing the option of creating eight
characters at a time. Each character is eight byte in size. CG-RAM address starts from
0x40 (Hexadecimal) or 64 in decimal. We can generate custom characters at these
addresses. Once we generate our characters at these addresses, we can print them by
just sending commands to the LCD. Character addresses and printing commands are
below.

Page | 8

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

In the table above you can see starting addresses for each character with their
printing commands. The first character is generated at address 0x40 to 0x47 and is
printed on LCD by just sending a command 0. The second character is generated at
address 0x48 to 0x55 and is printed by sending a command 1.

4. Interfacing a 16X2 LCD with Arduino

LCD modules form a very important in many Arduino based embedded system designs to

improve the user interface of the system. Interfacing with Arduino gives the programmer

more freedom to customise the code easily. Any Arduino board, a 16X2 LCD display,

jumper wires and a breadboard are sufficient enough to build the circuit. The interfacing of

Arduino to LCD display below.

Source code for 16X2LCD and Arduino.

Page | 9

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad

 Chart on various types of LCD to display its features, pin functions

5. Applications of LCD
LCDs are used in a wide range of applications, including LCD televisions, computer
monitors, instrument panels, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and outdoor signage.
Small LCD screens are common in LCD projectors and portable consumer devices such
as digital cameras, watches, digital clocks, calculators, and mobile telephones,
including smartphones. LCD screens are also used on consumer electronics products such
as DVD players, video game devices and clocks. LCD screens have replaced heavy,
bulky cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in nearly all applications. LCD screens are available
in a wider range of screen sizes than CRT and plasma displays, with LCD screens available
in sizes ranging from tiny digital watches to very large television receivers. LCDs are
slowly being replaced by OLEDs, which can be easily made into different shapes, and have
a lower response time, wider color gamut, virtually infinite color contrast and viewing
angles, lower weight for a given display size and a slimmer profile

Page | 10

M.G.M.’s polytechnic, Aurangabad