M.Sc. (Part-II) (Chemistry) (For Colleges) - 18.082020
M.Sc. (Part-II) (Chemistry) (For Colleges) - 18.082020
M.Sc. (Part-II) (Chemistry) (For Colleges) - 18.082020
for
Colleges Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University
Choice of the optional papers: All colleges are encouraged to give the choice of optional
papers to the students and conduct the separate classes if 40% or more students opt a different
course than 60% or less students.
The specializations are:
1. Physical Chemistry
2. Inorganic Chemistry
3. Organic Chemistry
4. Drug Chemistry
5. Analytical Chemistry
6. Biochemistry
2. Teaching Hours
a) Theory – Each credit of theory is equivalent to 12 teaching hours + 3 tutorial hours. For 1
credit of theory there will be 1 L of 1 hour per week. Thus, 1 theory course will have total 15
weeks of teaching and it will be distributed as of 48 h for teaching and 12 h for tutorials and
internal evaluation. In case of theory paper consisting of sections, each section is of 2 credits
and time allotted will be 24 h teaching and 6 h for tutorials and internal evaluation.
b) Practical – Each credit of practical is equivalent to 24 teaching hours + 6 tutorial hours.
For 1 credit of practical there will 2 L of 1 h per week. Thus, 1 practical course will have total
15 weeks of teaching and it will be distributed as of 96 h for performing practical and 24 h
for tutorials and internal evaluation. i) Each experiment will be allotted 4 h time (one
practical session) and for 1 course two sessions of 4 h per week should be allotted or ii) In
case practical course is extended for one year, then total 30 weeks (15 week per sem.) and 4 h
(one practical session) per week should be allotted to one practical course. There shall not be
more than 10 students in one batch of practical.
3. Examination: Each theory and practical course carry 100 marks equivalent to 4 credits.
Each course will be evaluated with Continuous Assessment (CA) and University Assessment
(UA) mechanism. Continuous assessment shall be of 30 marks (30%) while university
Evaluation shall be of 70 marks (70%). To pass the course, a student has to secure 40% mark
in continuous assessment as well as university assessment i.e. 12 marks in continuous
assessment and 28 marks in university assessment.
For Continuous assessment teacher must select variety of procedures for examination
such as: i) Written test / Mid Semester test (not more than one for each course), ii) Term
paper, iii) Viva-Voce, Project / survey / field visits iv) Tutorials v) Group discussion vi)
Journal / Lecture / Library notes vii) Seminar presentation, viii) Short quiz ix) assignment x)
research project by individual student or group of student xi) An open book test, etc.
Each practical course will be extended over the year and practical examination will be
conducted at the end of academic year.
Semester -III
CCTP-7 CHP-310: Quantum and Solid-State Chemistry [48 L +12 T]
Section-I: Quantum Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Basic postulates of quantum mechanics, properties of quantum mechanical operators, Eigen
functions and Eigen values, Hermitian, linear, ladder, and angular momentum operators. Spin
–orbit coupling, regular and inverted multiples. (10L)
2. Approximation methods: non-degenerate perturbation method and the variation method,
theorem and applications. (5L)
3. Calculation of ground state energy and wave function of Helium atom (two electron system)
using Variation principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Slater determinant. (6L)
4. Calculation of wave function for multi-electron system: Hartree - Fock self consistent Method.
(3L)
Section II: Solid State Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Imperfections and related phenomenon: Defects in solids: point defects, line defects, diffusion
in solids- mechanism, elastic and plastic deformations. (4L)
2. Crystal growth techniques: General principles, Methods of crystal growth: solution method,
flux growth method, evaporation method. Theory of crystal growth. (4L)
3. Solid state reactions- Reactions of single solids: Thermal decomposition reactionsand their
kinetic characteristics, gas solid reactions and their characteristics, Solid –Solid reactions:
addition and double decomposition reactions with and without electron transfer photographic
process. (5L)
4. Properties of Insulators: Electrical properties- Dielectric properties, Piezoelectricity, electric
breakdown, Optical Properties-Colour centres in ionic crystals: types, creation. Magnetic
properties- exchange interactions, Antiferromagnetism, Ferrimagnetism. (5L)
5. Properties of metals and semiconductors: band theory, types of solids, intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductors, p-n junctions, optical properties, photoconductivity of crystals. (6L)
Reference Books
1. Quantum Chemistry (4th edition), Ira N.Levine, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.
2. Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra
3. Quantum Chemistry, D. A. McQuarrie,, Viva Books, New Delhi (2003)
4. Introduction of Solids L.V Azaroff , Tata McGraw Hill
5. Principles of the Solid State H. V. Keer, Wiley Eastern (1993)
6. Selected Topics in Solid State Physics Vol. 12, The growth of crystals from liquids
–J. C. Brice, North Holland/American Elsevier (1973)
7 Defects and Diffusion in Solids. S. Mrowec, Elseivier Publ.(1960)
8 Treatise on Solid State Chemistry, ED-N.B. Hannay, Plenum Press Vol –2 (1975)
CCTP-8 CHP-311: Nuclear, Radiation and Polymer Chemistry [48 L +12
T]
Section I: Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Nuclear reactions: Bethe's notation, types of nuclear reactions, conservation in nuclear
reactions, compound nucleus theory, experimental evidence, specific nuclear reactions,
photonuclear and thermonuclear reactions. (5L)
2. Nuclear reactors :- General aspects of reactor design, thermal, fast and intermediate reactors,
reactor fuel materials, reactor moderators and reflects, coolants, control materials, shield,
regeneration and breeding of fissile matter, types of research reactors. (6L)
3. Nuclear structure-: The liquid drop model, calculation of nuclear binding energies, properties
of isobars, missing elements, the nuclear shell model, magic numbers, filling of nucleon shells,
the collective and unified models. (5L)
4. Ion beam analysis techniques: Particle induced X-ray emissions- projectile accelerator and
target preparation, ionization and X-ray emission detection,analysis and applications.
Rutherford back scattering – scattering reaction, surface analysis, depth profiling, channelling
effects and applications (4L)
5. Radiation detectors: Scintillators and their properties inorganic and organic, solid state
semiconductor detectors-theory, surface barrier, Li drifted and intrinsic detectors (4L)
Section II: Polymer Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Basic concepts of polymer science, classification of polymers as biological - nonbiological,
linear branched network, condensation, addition homo- and heterochain, thermoplastic -
thermosetting, History of Macromolecular Science, molecular forces and Chemical bonding in
polymers. (5L)
2. Thermodynamics of polymer solutions: Entropy and heat of mixing of polymer solutions -
ideal behaviour and deviations. Experimental results, flory - Krigbaum theory -
Thermochemistry of chain polymerization. (7L)
3. Copolymerization: Kinetics of copolymerization, the copolymer equation, monomer reactivity
ratios, instantaneous composition of polymer. (4L)
4. Measurements of molecular weights: characterization of polymers, Molecular weight averages,
fractionation and molecular weight distribution - methods for determination of average
molecular weight (end group analysis) colligative property measurements, osmometry,
diffusion light scattering, viscosity, ultracentrifugation. (8L)
Reference Books
1. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H. J Arnikar, Wiley Eastern Limited, 4th Edition.(1995)
2. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, G. Friedlander, J. W. Kennedy and J. M. Miller, John Wiley
(1981)
3. Introduction to Radiation Chemistry, J. W. T. Spinks and R. J. Woods, John Wiley (1990)
4. Introduction to Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, B.G. Harvey, Prentice hall (1963).
5. Sourcebook on Atomic Energy-S. Glasstone, Van Nostrand Company (1967)
6. Radiochemistry and Nuclear methods of analysis-W.D.Ehman and D.E. Vance, John Wiley
(1991)
7. Textbook of Polymer Science - F. W. Billmeyer Jr., John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1971)
8. Principles of Polymer Systems - F. Rodrigues, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi
9. Principles of Polymer Chemistry - P. J. Flory, Cornell University Press, Ithaca New York
(1953)
10. Polymer Chemistry - An Introduction, Seymour-Carraher, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
11. Polymer Science - Gowarikar, Vishwanathan&Sreedhar, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New York
(1988)
12. Handbook on Conducting Polymers - T. A. Skotheim, Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc, New York,
1&2 (1986)
CCTP-9 CHP-312: Physicochemical Methods of Analysis [48 L +12 T]
Section I: Physicochemical Methods of Analysis I [24L +6 T]
1. X-ray methods: Generation and properties of X-rays, X-ray absorption, Concept of absorptive
edge, applications, X-ray absorptive apparatus, applications, X ray fluorescence, fundamental
principles, instrumentation, wavelength dispersive and energy dispersive, qualitative and
quantitative analysis, electron microprobe. (10 L)
2. Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis: Theory, spectral splitting and chemical shift.
ESCA satellite peaks, Apparatus used for ESCA, applications. (7L)
3. Thermal methods of analysis: TGA, DTA, DSC and thermometric titrations – principle,
instrumentation, factors affecting TGA curve, applications. (7L)
Section II: Physicochemical Methods of Analysis II [24 L +6 T]
1. Amperometric Titrations: Introduction, Apparatus used for Amperometric Titrations,
Technique of Amperometric Titrations, Dead stop and point method or titration with two
indicator electrode, Advantages of Amperometric Titrations, Applications of Amperometric
Titrations (3L)
2. Voltammetry: Excitation signals, instrumentation, Hydrodynamic voltammetry, cyclic
voltammetry, pulse voltammetry, applications. (7L)
3. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy: principle, instrumentation, analysis
and applications (4L)
4. Luminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, apparatus,fluorescence,
phosphorescence, theory, factors affecting intensity, apparatus, and analytical applications.
(5L)
5. Coulometry: Current-voltage relationship, coulometric methods, controlled potential
coulometry. (5L)
Reference Books
1) Introduction to Instrumental Analysis-R. D. Braun, McGraw Hill (1987).
2) Principles of Instrumental Analysis – Skoog, Holler, Nieman, 5th edition.
3) Instrumental Methods of Analysis – Willard, Merritt, Dean and Settle
4) Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis- Gurdeep R. Chatwal and Sham K. Anand
CBOP-3 CHP- 313:(A) Photochemistry and Techniques in Polymer Chemistry
(B) Special topics in Physical Chemistry
CBOP-3 CHP- 313(A): Photochemistry and Techniques in Polymer Chemistry
[48 L +12 T]
Section I: Photochemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Introduction: Laws of photochemistry, interaction of light with matter, theory of
photoluminescence, general features of photochemical and photophysical processes (4L)
2. Mechanism of absorption and emission of radiation: Einstein’s treatment, selection rules, Life
times of excited electronic states of atoms and molecules Types of electronic transitions in
organic molecules photochemical pathways, Jablonski diagram, Fluorescence,
Phosphorescence (5L)
3. Photophysical kinetics of uni and bimolecular processes, delayed fluorescence mechanisms,
kinetics of collisional quenching, Stern-Volmer equation, quenching by added substances
charge transfer mechanism, energy transfer mechanism (6L)
4. Photolysis, Laser-general principles, types of lasers: two, three and four level lasers, solid state
Ruby and Nd/YAG laser, self-phase modulation, single photon counting, experimental
techniques, flash photolysis: conventional microsecond flash photolysis, Nanosecond laser
flash photolysis, Actinometry (5L)
5. Frontiers of photochemistry: Picosecond, Femtosecond flash photolysis, Applications: Solar
energy, conversion and storage, photosynthesis (4L)
Section II: Techniques in Polymer Chemistry
1. Morphology and rheology of polymers - configuration of polymer chains crystal structure,
crystallization processes, viscous flow, rubber elasticity, viscoelasticity, the glassy state and
glass transition, mechanical properties of crystalline polymers. (8L)
2. Polymer structure and physical properties - The crystalline melting point Tm- the glass
transition temperature (Tg ) - properties involving small and large deformations- polymer
requirements and polymer utilization. (4L)
3. Polymer processing - Plastic technology - moulding, other processing techniques fibre
technology - textile and fabric properties, spinning fibre after treatments, elastomer
technology- natural rubber, vulcanization, reinforcement, carbon blocks. (5L)
4. Radiation induced polymerization - kinetics and mechanism of polymerization in the liquid and
solid phases, effect of irradiation on polymers - degradation and cross-linking, block
copolymerization. (4L)
5. Conducting polymers - Basics, synthesis, conduction mechanism, applications. (3L)
Reference Books
1. Fundamentals of photochemistry by K.K.Rohatgi-Mukherjee New Age International
Publishers Revised Edition (Reprint 2003)
2. Chemistry and light by Paul Suppan, The Royal Society of Chemistry
3. Textbook of Polymer Science - F. W. Billmeyer Jr., John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1971)
4. Principles of Polymer Systems - F. Rodrigues, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi
5. Principles of Polymer Chemistry - P. J. Flory, Cornell University Press, Ithaca New York
(1953)
6. Polymer Chemistry - An introduction, Seymour-Carraher, Marcel Dekker Inc, New York
7. Polymer Science - Gowarikar, Vishwanathan&Sreedhar, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New York (1988)
8. Handbook on Conducting Polymers - T. A. Skotheim, Ed., Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1&2
(1986)
CBOP-3 CHP-313(B): Special Topics in Physical Chemistry [48 L + 12 T]
Section I: Special Topics in Physical Chemistry I [24 L +6 T]
1. Ionic equilibria and pH calculations: Solution of an equilibrium problem, numericals,
mass balance, proton condition, charge balance, exact solution, approximations on the
equations, Graphical representations – the distribution diagram, the logarithmic
concentration diagram. Numericals, pH concept of polyprotic acids, pH calculations.
(10L)
2. Data analysis: Error and classification of error, minimisation of error, accuracy, precision,
significant figure. Statistical treatment of data-Mean and standard deviation, least square
analysis, correlation and its significance, correlation coefficient, Regression analysis,
coefficient of determination. Permutation and combinations, probability. (8L)
3. Nephelometry and Turbidimetry: Introduction, Turbidimetry and colorimetry,
Nephelometry and Fluorimetry, Choice between Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Theory,
Comparison of Spectrophotometry, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Instrumentation,
Applications of Nephelometry and Turbidimetry (6L)
Section II: Special Topics in Physical Chemistry II [24 L +6 T]
1. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Introduction to Nanoworld, Metals, Semiconductor,
Nanocrystals, Ceramics, Metal nanoparticles: Double layers, Optical properties &
Electrochemistry, Magnetism, Chemical and catalytic aspects of Nanocrystals, Applications of
nanoparticles (8L)
2. Hydrogen Storage: Fundamentals of Physisorption, temperature and pressure influence,
chemisorption, adsorption energy, electrochemical adsorption. Practical adsorption-Storage of
hydrogen with carbon materials, activated carbon graphene, carbon nanostructures, fullerene,
carbon nanofibers and graphite. Electrochemical storage of hydrogen in carbon materials.
(10L)
3. Smart Materials: Definition of smart materials (SM), Design of intelligent materials, actively
smart and passively smart materials and their characteristics. e.g. - smart ceramics, oxides,
smart polymers and gels, shape memory alloys, electrorheological fluids, ferrofluides, smart
windows, smart sensors, smart electroceramics. Magnetostrictive materials, bio mineralisation
and bio sensing. Integration to smart clothes, smart rooms. (6L)
Reference Books
1. Ionic Equilibrium
: A Mathematical Approach, J.N.Butler, Addison- Wesley Publishing Co. Inc.
2. Analytical chemistry by G.D. Christian, 6th edition
3. Mathematical Preparation for Physical Chemistry by Farrington Daniels
4. Principles of Physical Chemistry by Puri, Sharma, Pathania
5. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis- Gurdeep R. Chatwal and Sham K. Anand
1. Radiation hazards and safety ; Natural and manmade sources of radiations, internal and
external radiation hazards, safe handling methods, personal dosimetry, reactor safety, the
effects of Three miles and Chernobyl accidents, radiation protecting materials. (5L)
2. Biological effects of radiations: The interaction of radiations with biological cells, various
stages, somatic and genetic effects, maximum permissible dose-ICRP recommendations. (3L)
3. Applications of radioisotopes in nuclear medicine and pharmaceuticals: general applications of
radiopharmaceuticals, use of nuclear properties of indicator nuclides. In vivo diagnostic
procedures, in vitro diagnostic testing therapeutic use of radiations, Use of radiation for food
preservation and sterilization. (8L)
4. The origin of chemical elements, cosmology, primordial nucleosynthesis, stellar evolution and
stellar nucleosynthesis, solar neutrino problem, synthesis of Be, B, Li in the cosmos. (4L)
5. Radioactive waste management: Introduction, Classification of radioactive waste, Origin of
Radioactive waste, Treatment of Radioactive wastes: Radioactive waste disposal. (4L)
Reference Books
1. Biophysical Chemistry, Gurtu and Gurtu, Pragati Edition, 2007.
2. Physical Chemistry, Principles and Applications in Biological Sciences I. Tinico, K. Sauer, J.
Wang and J. D. Puglisi, 4th Edition, Pearson Edition, 2007.
3. Biophysical Chemistry, A. Upadhyay, K Upadhyay and N. Nath, Himalaya Publishing House,
2005.
4. Biophysical Chemistry, James P. Allen,
5. Biophysical Chemistry, C. R.Cantor and P.R. Schimmel, WH Freeman & Company, New
York, 2004.
6. Radiation Chemistry: Principles and Applications, Farhataziz and M. A. J. Rodgers (Eds.),
VCH Publishers, New York (1987).
7. Radiation Chemistry: Present Status and Future Trends, C. D. Jonah and B. S. M. Rao (Eds.)
Elsevier, Amsterdam (2001).
8. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry: H. J. Arnikar. New Age Publication Ltd. (1995).
9. Radiation chemistry and Nuclear Methods of Analysis W. D. Ehmann, D. E. Vance. John
Wiley (1991).
10. Nuclear and Radiochemistry G. Friedelarder, J. W. Kennedy, E.S. Macias, J. M. Miller John
Wiley (1981).
11. Source Book of Atomic Energy, S. Glasstone, D. Van Nostrand (1967)
12. Nuclear analytical chemistry- J. Tolgyessy and S. Verga Vol. 2 , University park press (1972)
13. Fundamental of Radiochemistry, D.D. Sood, A.V.R. Reddy, N. Ramamoorthy, IANCAs ,
Mumbai, 4th Edition
CBOP-5 CHP-413(A): Physical Chemistry Practical III (Perform any 24 practical)
[96 L + 24 T]
1. Hydrolysis constant of aniline hydrochloride by distribution coefficient method.
2. Determination of the dimerization constant of an organic acid in benzene.
3. Differential potentiometric titration.
4. Aerometric titration with platinum microelectrode.
5. Determination of the stability constant of a complex by spectrophotometry.
6. Studies on a clock reaction: determination of the energy of activation
a. Reactions such as bromate-bromide reaction, iodate –iodide reaction,
b. Formaldehyde - bisulphite reaction etc.
7. Magnetic susceptibility measurements by the Faraday technique.
8. Analysis of fruit juice for vitamin C by HPLC technique.
9. Determination of half-life of two isotopes in a mixture.
10. Study of characteristics of GM counter.
11. Effect of salt on the distribution of acetic acid between water ethyl acetate.
12. To study the effect of addition of a salt on the solubility of an acid in water.
13. Determination of concentration of sulfuric acid, acetic acid and copper sulphate by
1. Types of Mechanisms: Basic concepts as stability and liability, stability constants; HSAB
principle, chelate effect, Classification of inorganic reactions, Intimate and stoichiometric
mechanism of ligand substitution. [4 L]
2. Substitution in square planar complexes: Trans effect, Trans series, applications of trans effect.[4 L]
3. Substitution in octahedral complexes: SN1, SN2, SN1CB mechanisms, steric effects on substitutions,
Isomerization and racemization in coordination compounds. [4 L]
4. Electron Transfer reactions: Potential energy diagrams as a conceptual tool, Marcus equation,
Types of and factors affecting electron transfer reactions. [6 L]
5. Inner & Outer sphere reactions, exited state outer sphere reactions & their applications[6 L]
Section -II: Photochemistry and Reaction of Co-ordinated Ligands [24 L +6 T]
1. Photochemistry of metal complexes [10 L]
Photochemical reactions, Prompt and delayed reactions, quantum yield, recapitulation of
fluorescence & phosphorescence, phtotochemical reactions irradiating at d-d and CT band
Transitions in metal-metal bonded systems, photochemical reactions involving chlorophyll
Kinetics of excited state processes
2. Reactions of coordinated ligand [10 L]
i) Non-chelate forming reactions: Reaction of donor atoms (Halogenation of coordinated N
atoms, Alkylation of coordinated S and N atoms, Solvolysis of coordinated phosphorus atoms).
Reactions of nondonor atoms (nucleophilic behaviour of the ligand, electrophilic bahaviour of
the ligand). ii) Chelate ring forming reactions: (reactions predominantly involving
thermodynamic template effects, reactions predominantly involving kinetic affects). iii) Chelate
modifying reactions
3. Other reaction types [4 L]
Oxidative addition, reductive elimination, methyl migration and CO insertion
References:
1. Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions- C.F. Basselo, R.G. Pearson, Wiley, NY
2. Mechanism of Inorganic Reactions in Solution – An Introduction, D. Benson, McGraw – Hill
Chapt.15, p.465, (1968)
3. Inorganic Chemistry – D.F. Shriver, P.W. Atkins, C.H. Langford – Oxoford, 2nd Edition, 1994.
4. Inorganic Chemistry – Principles of Structure and Reactivity, J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter and R.
L. Keiter, 4thedn. Harper Collins College Publ. New York, Chapt.13, p.537-76, (1993).
5. Inorganic Chemistry - Messler and Tarr - Pearson Publishers
CCTP-9,CHI-332:Bioinorganic and Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Section - I: Bioinorganic Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Recapitulation of Biological roles of Metals and ligands [1 L]
Structure, function and biochemistry of enzymes containing following metals:
2. Zinc [6 L]
Zinc Fingers, Carboxy peptidase, Carbonic anhydrase
3. Copper [6 L]
Type I, Type II, Type III, Blue Proteins Azurins, Plastocynins& Blue Oxidases, Model
compounds of Blue copper proteins, Non Blue Proteins eg. Tyrosinase, Galactose oxidase,
SOD
4. Cobalt [4 L]
Vitamin B12 co-enzymes & model compounds, Actions of Cobalamines,
Adenosylcobalamine as a coenzyme, Ribonucleotide reductase, Methylcobalamine as
cofactor
5. Molybdenum [3 L]
Mo-cofactors, Antagonism between Cu & Mo, Hydroxylase
6. Manganese [2 L]
7. Non-heme Iron [2 L]
References:
1. Bioinorganic Chemistry: A ShortCourse-RosetteM.Malone3 Wiley Interscience, 2002.
2. Biological Inorganic Chemistry-An Introduction, Robert Crichton, Elsevier Science, 2007.
3. The biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life–J. J. R.
4. Fraustoda Silva and R. J. P. Williams. Clarendron Press, Oxford, 1991.
5. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic elements in the Chemistry of life., An Introduction and
Guide—Wolfgang Kaim, Brigille Schwedrski John Wiley and sons, 1994.
6. Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry –S.J. Lippard and J.M.Berg, University Science
Books, 1994.
7. The Biological Chemistry of the Elements: The Inorganic Chemistry of Life– Silva, J. J.
8. R. Fraustoda and R. J. P. Williams; 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press, 2012.
Section- II: Inorganic Pharmaceuticals and Medicinal Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Overview [2 L]
Introduction, Metal Ions in Disease, Use of chelating agents, Metalloproteins as Drug Targets, Matrix
Metallopreteinases, Modulation of Cellular responses by Metal-Containing, Drugs Metal-Based
Chemotherapeutic, Drugs Metal Complexes as Diagnostic Agents
2. Cisplatin-based Anticancer Agents [3 L]
Introduction, Clinical Properties, Cisplatins carboplatin, Iproplatin, Determination of Platinum Drug
Levels and Pharmakokinetics, Platinum Chemistry Mechanism of Action, Structure-Specific
Damage-Recognition Proteins, Mechanisms of Resistance to Cisplatin/Carboplatin,
Circumvention of Tumor Resistance to Cisplatin, Development of New Platinum Drugs, Dose
Intensification of Cisplatin/Carboplatin, Modulation of Platinum Resistance Mechanisms,
Dinuclear and Trinuclear Platinum Complexes as Anticancer Agents.
3. Transition Metal Complexes as Chemical Nucleases [4 L]
Interaction of Metal Complexes with DNA, Reactions of Metal Complexes with DNA, Nuclease
activity of [Cu(phen)2]+
4. Biomedical Uses of Lithium [3L]
Chemistry of Lithium, Distribution of Lithium in the body and in Cells, Studies using Lithium
isotopes, Biochemistry of Lithium
5. Bismuth in Medicine [3L]
The Chemistry of Bismuth, Properties of the element, Bi(III) Compounds, Bi(V) Compounds
Bismuth in Medicine, Helicobacter Pylori bacterium, Methods for the study of Bi, Bismuth Citrate
Complexes, Bismuth Complexes with Biomolecules, Bismuth binding to oxygen-containing
molecules, Bismuth Complexes with thiolate ligands, Bismuth(III) complexes with
Metallothionine and Transferrin, Enzyme Inhibition
6. Gold Complexes with Anti-arthritic, anti-tumor and Anti-HIV activity [4L]
Introduction, Chrysotherapy, History of Medicinal Uses, Gold Chemistry, Oxidation states,
Gold(I) complexes, Gold(III) Complexes, Oxidation-Reduction Potentials, Gold Biochemistry and
Pharmacology In-vivo metabolism and ligand displacement, Anti-tumor Activity, Anti-HIV
activity
7. Vanadium Compounds as Possible Insulin Modifiers [3L]
Introduction, Characterization of Vanadium’s Insulin-mimetic Effects, Sites of Action of
Vanadium, Animal Studies and Human Trials, Toxicological Considerations, Improved Tissue
Uptake with Metal Chelation
8. Therapeutic Radiopharmaceuticals: [2L]
Introduction, Therapeutic radio nuclides, β- Particle emitting radionuclides, α- Particle emitting
radionuclides, Low energy electron emitters, Therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for routine
medical use, 131I – sodium iodide, Intra-cavity and Intra-arterial radiopharmaceuticals, Radio-
therapeutic agents for bone cancer treatment 89Sr-chloride, 153Sm- EDTMP,
References
CBOP-3,CHI-333: Theory
B) Inorganic Magneto and Polymer Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Section-I: Magneto-chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Introduction [4 L]
Definition of magnetic properties and types of magnetic substances, magnetic susceptibility,
anisotropy in magnetic susceptibility, experimental arrangements for determination of magnetic
susceptibility: Gouy method, Faraday method, Evans method, SQUID.
2. Paramagnetic Susceptibility [2 L]
Simplification and application of Van-Vleck susceptibility equation, temperature independent
paramagnetism.
3. Magnetic properties [6 L]
Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes in cubic and axially symmetric crystal fields,
low spin, high-spin crossover, magnetic behaviour of lanthanides and actinides, magnetic
exchange interactions.
4. Anti-ferromagnetism [2 L]
Transition metal monoxides and halide salts of transition metals, ferrimagnetism (ferrites),
magnetic anisotropy.
5. Anomalous magnetic moments [4 L]
Anomalous magnetic moments in magnetically dilute and concentrated system in various
symmetrical environments of coordination complexes. Study of mixed valence compounds, their
magnetic behaviour
6. Magnetic materials [6 L]
Soft and hard ferrites, i.e. structure and magnetic interactions in spinels, garnets, hexagonal
ferrites. Application of magnetic materials, Molecular magnets, Single chain magnet,
Photoinduced magnetism, Spin canting, Magnetic ordering.
Reference Books:
1. Elements of Magnetochemistry, 2ndEdn., R. L. Datta and A. Syamal (1993) Affiliation, East-
Wiley Press (p) Ltd.
2. Introduction to Magnetochemistry, A. Earnshaw, Academic Press, (1968).
3. Magnetism and Transition Metal Complexes, F. E. Mabbs and D. J. Machin (1973) Chapman
and Hall, London.
Section - II: Inorganic Polymer [24 L +6 T]
1. Inorganic polymers: [8 L]
Overview and classification of polymers. Coordination Polymers: Homopolar and heteropolar
inorganic polymers.Polyphosphazenes, Polysilanes, Polysiloxanes, Boron Polymers, Borazines,
Phosphorous based polymer, polymeric compounds of sulphur, polythiazoles, silicates with
reference to preparation, properties, structures, bonding and applications.
2. Natural polymers [4 L]
Natural polymers and reactions yielding coordination polymers. Synthesis of coordination
polymers.
3. Pre-ceramic Inorganic polymers: [6 L]
Silicon carbide, Boron nitride, Aluminium nitride, Phosphorous nitride.
4. Applications of Inorganic Polymers: [6 L]
Metal containing polymer for medical purposes, Inorganic polymers as catalysts, Luminescent
Inorganic polymers.
Reference Books:
1. I. S. Butler and J. F. Harrod, Inorganic Chemistry – Principles and Applications, The
Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., Redwood City, California (USA) (1989) Chapter
15 to 17, pp 441-503.
2. Ranald D. Archer, Inorganic and organometallic polymers, A John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
publication (USA) 2001
3. N. H. Ray, Inorganic Polymers, Academic Press (1978).
CCPP-3, CHI-334: Modern Methods of Inorganic Analysis [96L + 24T]
A. Analysis (12 experiments)
1-2. Stainless steel Alloy. [iron, chromium and nickel from sample]
2-3. Ilmenite Ore [acid-insoluble matter (combined oxides), iron and titanium from ore]
4-5. Analysis of Cement (Al(III), Mg(II), Fe(III), Ca(II)]
6. Analysis of zinc-chrome Pigment [e.g. Chromium from Zinc chrome]
7-8. Pharmaceutical products any two i) magnesium from tablet of “Milk of magnesia”, calcium
from calcium supplementary tablet, ii) iron from iron supplementary capsule iii) zinc from iron-
zinc supplementary capsule or insulin.
9. Consumer products [e.g. aluminium from alum]
10. Ion exchange chromatography [separation and estimation of mixture of anions
11-12. Purity & Percentage of Metal in Coordination Complexes.
13-14. Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis and characterization of Acetyl ferrocene.
15. Preconcentration of Co(II) using ion exchange resin and colorimetric estimation. (Ref-7)
B. Inorganic Practical (12 experiments)
1. Photometric Titrations Cu Vs. EDTA, Fe Vs. EDTA using salicylic acid.
2. Photochemistry of ferrioxalate a) Preparation b) Photochemistry
3. Preparation of complex and Kinetics by conductometry.
4. Preparation of complex and Kinetics by spectrophotometry.
5. To study metal-DNA interaction spectrophotometrically.
6-7. A) Synthesis of Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) and its application for cross coupling
reactions.
8-9. Synthesis of Ferrocene and its derivative such as Acetyl Ferrocene.
10-11. Flame photometry: determination of the ppm of i) sodium by calibration curve method and ii)
calcium by standard addition method in the water sample.
12. Determination of phosphate in detergent by spectrophotometry.
13. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS): Demonstration and determination of amount of
iron from tap water sample.
14. Chemical mineralization of pollutants by Fenton’s Process (Ref-5)
15. Estimation of Vitamin-C by reaction with Fe(III) and estimation of Fe(II) colorimetrically.
(Ref-6)
Each experiment includes standardization of reagents, calibration of instrument with
known reagents and analysis of an unknown.
Reference Books:
1) Text book of Quantitative Analysis, A.I. Vogel 4th edn (1992).
2) Experimental Inorganic Chemistry, Mounir A. Malati, Horwood Series in Chemical Science
(Horwood publishing, Chichester) 1999.
3) Experiments in Chemistry, D. V. Jahagirdar, Himalaya Publishing House
4) General Chemistry Experiments, Anil. J Elias, University press (2002)
5) Environmental Chemistry, Microscale Laboratory Experiments, Jorge G. Ibanez, Margarita
Hernandez-Esparza, Carmen Doria-Serrano, Arturo Fregoso-Infante, Mono Mohan Singh,
published by Springer.
6) Vitamin C as a Model for a Novel and Approachable Experimental Framework for Investigating
Spectrophotometry, Journal of Chemical Education, DOI:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00197.
7) Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, by Z. Marczenko and
M. Balcerzak, Analytical Spectroscopy Library – 10, Elsevier
Semester-IV
CCTP-10,CHI-430: Heterogeneous Catalysis and its Applications [48L + 12T]
Section - I: Heterogeneous Catalysis [24 L +6 T]
1. Principles of Heterogeneous Catalysis [1L]
2. Development of industrial heterogeneous catalysis, Important milestones [2L]
3. Quantitative aspects of adsorption on solid surfaces [2L]
4. Basic Adsorption Isotherms and their applications [1L]
5. Classification of heterogeneous catalysts [1L]
6. Metals, Bimetals, metal oxides, supported metal catalysts [2L]
7. Preparation of Solid Catalysts: Precipitation and co-precipitation, impregnation, High
temperature fusion and alloy leaching, Hydrothermal synthesis, vacuum pore impregnation,
impregnation of porous support [3L]
8. Post synthetic treatment: Drying, calcinations, activation and forming [2L]
9. Characterization of Solid Catalysts: BET surface area, temperature programmed techniques
(TPD, TPR, TPS, TPO), spectroscopic techniques (XRD, SEM TEM, XPS, FTIR, solid state
NMR) [3L]
10. Metal–Support Interactions, Support selection and role of support [1L]
11. Chemistry of zeolites: [2L]
a. General Introduction, Nomenclature and classification of zeolites
b. Hydrothermal synthesis Zeolite (eg. ZSM-5) and factors influencing on zeolite synthsis.
c. Zeolite framework structure and selected zeolite framework type such as Sodalite,LTA, FAU,
MFI (ZSM-5),MEL(ZSM-11), BEA (zeolite beta).
d. Zeolite characterization by powder XRD method.
12. Factors Influencing Catalytic Action: Promoters and Poisons, Deactivation and Regeneration of
catalyst [1L]
13. Heterogenization of Transition Metal Complexes to Inorganic Oxides: supported aqueous phase
catalyst (SAPC), Supported ionic liquid phase catalyst (SILPC), and Phase transfer catalysis [2L]
14. Types of Chemical reactors [1L]
Section - II: Applications of Heterogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis [24 L +6 T]
1. Catalysis by acidic solids: Application of zeolites in catalysis: Hydrocracking, Shape selective
catalysis, Hydrogen transfer, Catalytic reforming, oxidation catalyst. [2L]
2. The Fischer–Tropsch (FT) Synthesis Process [2L]
3. Water Gas Shift Reaction [1L]
4. Methanol Synthesis [1L]
5. Alkylation of Aromatics [1L]
6. Selective Hydrogenation of Hydrocarbons [2L]
7. Heterogeneous Catalysis for Oxidation of Alcohols [2L]
8. Photocatalysis: semiconducting oxides w.r.t. Titanium Oxide as Photocatalysts [2L]
9. Use of BiMoO4 as Oxidation and Ammoxidation catalysts [2L]
10. Conversion of biomass on solid catalysts [1L]
11. MCM-41 as a catalyst [2L]
12. Clays and Intercalated clays as catalyst [1L]
13. Industrial Electrocatalysis [2L]
14. Catalysis in Environmental Protection: Automotive Exhaust catalysts:The catalytic converter,
Perovskite and related oxides as catalysts [3L]
References:
1. Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis: Wiley International Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
KGaA, 2008
2. Catalysis: Concepts and Green Applications: Gadi Rothenberg, Wiley-VCH; First edition, 2015
1. Solid state Chemistry: An Introduction – L.E. Smart & E.A. Moore, CRC, Taylor & Francis,
3rd Edn.
2. Materials Science & Engineering – V. Raghvan, 2nd Edn.
3. Introduction to Solids – L.V. Azarroff, 2nd Edn. 1980
4. Elements of materials science and engineering – Van Vleck, 5th Edn.
5. Insight to Speciality Inorganic Chemicals – D. Thompson, Royal Society of Chemistry,
1995.
CBOP-4, CHI-432, Theory: B) Inorganic Chemistry Applications in Industry
[48L + 12T]
Section - I: Inorganic Chemistry Applications in Industry [24 L +6 T]
1.Inorganic Chemicals as metallicCorrosionInhibitors [2L]
Introduction, Principles of corrosion inhibitors, corrosion as an electrochemical process,
Practical aspects of corrosion inhibition, Anion inhibitor properties in neutral electrolytes,
some application of corrosion inhibitors ( cooling water circulation-once through and open
systems, engine radiation & cooling systems, central heating system, refrigeration plants and
high chloride systems, water for steam raising, corrosion inhibitors for paintcoating).
2. Industrialgases: [4L]
Introduction, Separation of gases from air,Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide,
Oxygen, Acetylene, Sulphur dioxide, Nitrous oxides.
3. Chemical explosivesandpropellants: [6L]
Introduction, Potential energy of explosives , Properties of explosives, Manufacture of
explosives , Explosives made by nitration, Dynamite , Commercial high explosives
containing no nitroglycerine , Initiating devices, Sporting and military explosives ,
Disruptive explosives for military use, Handling and storage of explosives.
4. Metalfinishingtechnology: [4L]
Fundamental considerations, Electrodepositions of Copper , Nickel, Gold, Silver, Tin and
Tin alloys for Lead free solder, Electrodeposition of Chromium , Electrodeposition of
semiconductors , Elctoroless deposition of Copper and Nickel, Environmental aspects of
electrodeposition , Ionic Liquid treatments for enhanced corrosion resistance of Magnesium
basedsubstrates.
5. Safety consideration in chemicalprocessindustries: [5L]
Introduction , Concern for chemical safety , Hazards and their control in petrochemical
industries , Hazards and their control in petroleum refineries and LPG boiling plants ,
Hazards in storage , Handling and use of chemicals, Chemical storage- safety issues,
Observations related to safety aspects , Specific recommendation for hazard control and
improved plant safety, Chemical plant safety- from concept to decommissioning.
6. Green Chemistry: [3L]
Introduction, Designing a Green synthesis, Basic Principles of Green Chemistry, Green
Chemistry in Day-to- Day life, Green Chemistry in sustainable development.
References:
1. Handbook of Industrial Chemistry,Vol.1, by K.H.Davis,F.S.Berner,Edited by S.C. Bhatia
(CBS Publishers, Bangalore,2004)
2. Industrial inorganic chemistry, Karl Heinz Buchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Peterwoditsch
3. Modern Electroplating, By M. Schlesinger and M. Paunovic (John Wiley and sons, Hoboken ,
New Jersey, 5th Edition2010)
4. Insight into Specialty Inorganic Chemicals-David Thompson (The Royal Society of
Chemistry,1995)- Chapter15.
5. New Trends in Green Chemistry (2nd Edition)-V.K.Ahluwalia and M.Kidwai (
AnamayaPublishers, 2007)
Semester – IV
CCTP-10
6 Chemistry of Natural Products 4
CHO-450
CCTP-11
7 Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis 4
CHO-451
CBOP-4
CHO-452 A) Medicinal Chemistry 4
8 CHO-452
CHO-452 B) Applied Organic Chemistry 4
Theory
Practical III: Select any two Sections 4
CBOP-5 Section-I: Ternary Mixture Separation 2
CHO-453 Section-I: Carbohydrates Synthesis and Isolation of Natural
9 2
Practical Products
Section-I: Project / Industrial Training/ Internships/
2
Summer Project
CCPP-4
10 Practical II: Convergent and Divergent Organic Syntheses. 4
CHO-454
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101005/
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/101/104101115/
Reference:
Solvent-free Organic Synthesis by Koichi Tanaka (Copyright © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag
GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, ISBN: 978-3-527-32264-)
Additional Study Material: https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/106/104106108/
Semester IV
CCTP- 10, CHO-450: Chemistry of Natural Products [48L +12T]
Section I: [24 L + 6 T]
1. Understanding and planning of total synthesis while maintaining the stereochemistry.
A case study: Longifolene – (All Nine syntheses from Advanced Organic Chemistry
Carey, Sundberg; Part B). [12 L]
2. Total Synthesis of
i. Hirsutellone B (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6870 –6874.)
ii. Ribisins A and B : (J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 15165−15172)
iii. Subincanadine E : (*For Self-Learning) (J. Org. Chem. 2017, 82, 11126-
11133) [12 L]
Section II : [24 L + 6 T]
A) Vannusals
References:
1.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 20, 7138-7152.
2.J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 20, 7153-7176.
3.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5642 –5647.
4.Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5648–5652
B) Pinnaic acid
References:
1. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40 (23), 4450-4452.
2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, (23), 4453-4456.
3. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5746–5749
CCTP- 11, CHO-451: Organometallic Reagents in Organic Synthesis
[48 L + 12T]
1. Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis; Pd, Ni, Ru, Fe, Ir and Cu only (C-C, C-
N, C-O bond formation reactions with catalytic cycle, ligand and % mole concepts)[18 L]
2. C=C formation reactions: Wittig, Horner-Wordworth-Emmons, Shapiro, Bamford-
Stevens, McMurry, Julia-Lythgoe and Peterson olefination reactions. [6 L]
3. Multi-component reactions: Ugi, Passerini, Biginelli and Mannich reaction [3 L]
4. Ring formation reactions: Pausan-Khand, Bergman and Nazerov cyclization [3 L]
5. Click chemistry: criterion for click reaction, Sharpless azides cycloadditions.
Click reactions in synthesis of bioconjugates (sugars and proteins) [4 L]
6. Metathesis: Schrock and Grubbs catalyst, Olefin cross coupling (OCM), ring closing
(RCM) and ring opening (ROM) metathesis, application in polymerization and synthesis
of small organic molecules. [6 L]
7. Use of Boron and Silicon reagents in organic synthesis. [8 L]
8. Other important reactions: Baylis Hilman, Eschenmoser-Tanabe fragmentation,
Mitsunobu reaction. [*Self Learning]
References:
1. C–N bond forming cross-coupling reactions: an overview: by Jitender Bariwalab and
Erik Van der Eycken Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 9283
2. Iron Catalysis in Organic Synthesis Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 3170–3387.
3. Recent advances in homogeneous nickel catalysis Nature 2014, Vol 509, Page 299-
309.
4. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reactions for Organic Synthesis Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2599-
2660.
5. Organic Synthesis Involving Iridium-Catalyzed Oxidation Chem. Rev. 2011, 111,
1825–1845.
6. Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Organic Reactions Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 6234−6458.
7. Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis Volume 1 Edited by M. Beller and C. Bolm
WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA ISBN: 3-527-30613-7
8. Multicomponent Reactions Edited by Jieping Zhu, Hugues Bienayme WILEY-VCH
Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
9. Organic chemistry – J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers (Oxford
Press),
10. Some modern methods of organic synthesis – W. Carruthers (Cambridge)
11. Organic synthesis – Michael B. Smith
12. Advanced organic chemistry, Part B – F. A Carey and R. J. Sundberg, 5th edition
(2007).
13. Strategic Applications of named reactions in organic synthesis-Laszlo Kurti and
Barbara Czako
14. Name Reactions Jie Jack Li (Fourth Expanded Edition), Page No: 1-582.
15. Organic Synthesis Using Transition Metals, by Roderick Bates, Second Edition, A
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication.
Section-I: [24 L + 6 T]
1. Introduction to Peptides and proteins, Proteins as biological catalyst Nucleic acids,
Metabolism, Chemistry of cofactors/coenzymes, Chemistry of TPP, PLP, Folic Acid and
other vitamins, Principle of drug design, Chemistry of diseases and Drug development,
Proton pump inhibitors and Problem solving. [8 L]
Additional study material: NPTEL lecture: Organic Chemistry in Biology and Drug
Development (full course) https://nptel.ac.in/content/syllabus_pdf/104105120.pdf)
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/105/104105120/
2. Peptides, sequencing and applications in therapeutics, Solution phase and solid phase
peptide synthesis and Modern techniques for biomolecules and disease diagnosis. [6 L]
Additional study material: NPTEL lecture (only 3 topics): Essentials of Biomolecules:
Nucleic Acids and Peptides https://nptel.ac.in/content/syllabus_pdf/104103121.pdf
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/104/103/104103121/
3. Introduction to medicinal Chemistry. History, drug targets, Drug discovery, design and
development, Case Study: Design of Oxamniquine. [4 L]
4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of drug: Drug absorption, distribution,
metabolism, elimination and toxicity, drug metabolism, biotransformation, Drug
receptor interactions, Hansch Equation and significance of terms involved in it. [6 L]
(Ref: Review by Matthew C. T. Fyfe and J. Fraser Stoddart Accounts of Chemical Research
1997, 30 (10), 393-401.)
(Ref: Review article by Wei Chen and et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 2998-3022)
2. Single Molecule Switches [8 L]
(Refs: Review article by Wei Chen and et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2015, 44, 2998-3022.)
2. Molecular Machines [8 L]
(References:
1. Review article by David A. Leigh and et al. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 10081−10206.
2. Redox-Gated Tristable Molecular Brakes of Geared Rotation. J. Org. Chem.,
2017, 82(10), 5354-5366.
3. Massimo Baroncini, Serena Silvi, Alberto Credi. Chem. Rev. 2020, 120 (1), 200-268).
References:
1. The Chemistry of Metal–Organic Frameworks- Wiley Online. Print ISBN:
9783527338740, Online ISBN:9783527693078, DOI:10.1002/9783527693078
2. Covalent Organic Frameworks - 1st Edition - Atsushi Nagai, ISBN 9789814800877,
Published January 24, 2020 by Jenny Stanford Publishing.
6. Any natural products available in the local area (only one is allowed)
Note: Students should be able to collect a reasonable quantities of essential oils to do the
characterization(Physical Constant, Density, Elemental analysis functional group test)
Should form the appropriate derivative. They are encouraged to use these essential oils
for the development of the products like soap, perfumes etc.
Unit IV: Isolation of medicinally important component from the natural products (Any
3)
1. Nimbin from Neem leave
2. Amyrin from Apati/Apta bark
3. Eujenol from Tulsi leaves
4. D-Galacturonic Acid from Jeshtamadh
5. Piper from Betel leaf
6. Any medicinally important plants available in the local area (only one is allowed)
At least one natural product should be isolated by using column chromatographic
techniques (Use micro columns to avoid excess use of solvents)
Note: Students should be able to collect a reasonable quantities natural products to do the
characterization (Physical Constant, solubility, Elemental analysis functional group
test etc ) and should also form the appropriate derivative. They are encouraged to
study novel medicinal plants from their local area.
References for Carbohydrates:
1. Essentials of Carbohydrate and Chemistry and Biology: Thisbe K. Lindhorst, WILEY-
VCH, 2000.
2. Kawanata , K. P. R. Tretrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 3415.
3. Bessodes, M., Shamszar, J. Antonakies, K., Synthesis, 1988, 560.
Section-III: Project [48 L + 12 T]
Project/ Industrial Training/Summer Training/ Internships
1. Students should carry out a small research project.
2. This should make them familiar with
i. Literature survey, research methodologies
ii. Data Analysis
iii. Column and TLC chromatographic techniques
iv. Characterization of the products by analytical and spectral methods.
3. Project report must be written and submitted in a proper format as follows;
i) Certificate (Signed by Project guide and Head of the Department)
ii) Certificates for Poster/Paper presented in conferences (if any)
iii) Self declaration certificate for plagiarism
iv) Introduction ( not more than 6 pages)
v) Results and Discussions
vi) Experimental Section
vii) Conclusion
viii) References ( Use ACS format)
ix) Spectroscopic or other relevant supporting data
x) Acknowledgement
4. Interdisciplinary projects shall be encouraged; however there must be some organic
chemistry component.
5. Students should spend enough time for the project works ( at least 4 hours per week for
15 weeks)
6. At least 30% students should undertake projects/summer training/Internships etc.
7. If student is performing project in another institute, for such a student, internal mentor
must be allotted and he will be responsible for internal assessment of a student. In this
case student has to obtain certificate from both external and internal mentor. Systematic
record of attendance of project students must be maintained by a mentor. Project will
be evaluated jointly by three examiners and there will not be any practical performance
during the examination. Typically, student has to present his practical work, discuss
results and conclusions in details (20-30 min.) which will be followed by question-answer
session (10 min). It is open type of examination.
CCPP-04, CHO-454: Practical-II: Convergent and Divergent Organic
Syntheses [96 L + 24T]
Note: Any 3 sets should be conducted from the following convergent and divergent synthesis
sets.
Students should acquire pre-experiment (Reading MSDS, purification of reactants and
reagents, mechanism, stoichiometry etc) and post-experiment skills (work-up, isolation and
purification of products, physical constants characterization using any spectroscopic methods
etc.)
SET-I
A) Convergent Synthesis 1 (Three Stage Synthesis)
1. Stage I: Anisole to 4-nitro anisole to 4-amino anisole (2 steps)
2. Stage II: Toluene to 4-nitro toluene to 3-acyl nitro toluene (2 steps)
3. Stage III: Synthesis of N-(1-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl) ethyl) aniline from 4-amino
anisole, 3-acyl nitro toluene and SBH (One pot synthesis: MCR)
B) Divergent Synthesis 1 (5 Single Stage Synthesis from Acetyl acetone):
1. Acetyl acetone to Pyrimidine
2. Acetyl acetone to 2,4-dimethyl-1H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepine
3. Acetyl acetone to Pyrazole
4. Acetyl acetone with 1mmol benzaldehyde to 3-benzylidenepentane-2,4-dione
5. Acetyl acetone with 3 mmol benzaldehyde into 3-benzylidene-6-phenylhex-5-ene-2,4-
dione
SET-II
A). Convergent Synthesis 2(Three Stage Synthesis)
1. Stage I: 4-Nitro toluene to 4-amino toluene (Reduction by using Sn/HCl)
2. Stage II: Phenol into 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (Reimer-Tiemann reaction)
3. Stage III: Synthesis of amidoalkyl-2-naphthols from β-Naphthol,4-amino toluene and
of 2-hydroxy benzaldehyde (One pot synthesis: MCR)
B). Divergent Synthesis (5 Single Stage Synthesis from β-Naphthol)
1. β-Naphthol to Synthetic dye (By diazonium coupling)
2. β-Naphthol to 6-Bromo-2-naphthol (Bromination reaction)
3. β-Naphthol to β-Naphthyl methyl ether (Methylation reaction)
4. β-Naphthol to temperature dependent sulfonation (Sulfonation reaction)
5. β-Naphthol to () Binol then Resolution of Binol (Resolution technique)
SET-III
A). Convergent Synthesis-3 (Three Stage Synthesis)
1. Stage I: Salicylic acid to 5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
2. Stage II: o- Anisidine to 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline
3. Stage III: Synthesis of 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl) benzamide from
5-Chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, -methoxy-4-nitroaniline (One pot synthesis: MCR)
CCTP-7
Advanced Analytical Methods CHD-362 Advanced Analytical Methods
CHD-360
Stereochemistry, Assymetric
CCTP-9 Stereochemical Principles and
CHD-364 synthesis and Pericyclic
CHD -362 Applications
Reactions
A)Chemistry of Heterocycles and Chemistry of Heterocycles
CHD-361
Biologically active Molecules and Drug Synthesis
CBOP-3 B-I) Microbiology, Immunology No Equivalence
Theory B-II) Bioinformatics, Biostatistics
No Equivalence
CHD-363 in Drug Discovery
B-III) Entrepreneurship
No Equivalence
Development,
CCPP –3
CHD - 364 Practical-I: Two Stage Practical Course I Organic
CHD- 367
Preparation Synthesis
Learning Outcome:
On the successful completion of the course, students will be able to:
1. Understand the stereochemistry, reactivity and conformational effects of six membered rings.
2. Understand the stereochemistry, shapes of rings other than six membered rings.
3. Understand the role various resolution methods, stereoselective synthesis and asymmetric
synthesis.
4. Understand the stereochemistry of polymer chain.
CBOP-3, CHD-363(A) : Chemistry of Heterocycles and Biologically active
Molecules
OR
CBOP-3, CHD-363(B) : Any two section from I, II, III
Section-I : Immunology and Microbiology.
Section-II : Bioinformatics, Biostatistics in Drug Discovery
Section-III: Entrepreneurship Development
CBOP-3, CHD-363(A) - Chemistry of Heterocycles and Biologically active
Molecules [48L + 12T]
Section-I: Chemistry of Heterocycles [24 L + 6 T]
1. Condensed five membered heterocycles: Indole, Benzofuran and Benzothiophene-
Nomenclature, reactivity, synthesis and reactions. [6L]
2. Condensed six membered heterocycles: Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Coumarines and
Chromones- Nomenclature, reactivity, synthesis and reactions. [6L]
3. Five membered, condensed five member, six membered and condensed six membered
heterocycles with more than one heteroatom- Oxazole, imidazole, Thiazole,
50ydrazine, pyrazole, isothiazole, triazole (1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole), pyrimidine,
pyrazine, oxazine, thiazine, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzthiazole Nomenclature,
reactivity, synthesis and reactions. [12L]
Section-II: Chemistry of Biologically Active Natural And Synthetic Molecules
[24 L +6 T]
1. Synthesis of biologically active natural products: Prostoglandin PGF2, Cephalosporin–C,
Reserpine, Taxol, Periplanone B, Aspidophytine Penicillin, Griseofulvin. [12L]
2. Synthetic Drugs and their derivatives: Nalidixic acid, metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin,
Ibuprofen, Atenolol, Captopril, Diazepam, Chloroquine, Barbiturates, pyrazinamide,
Miconazole, Omeprazole, Astemizole, Orcanozole,lomustine, carmustine, procarbazine,
Ranitidine. [12L]
Learning Outcomes
1. Knowledge of name reactions in synthesis
2. Different application of name reactions
3. Drug molecule and their uses in treatment
4. Synthetic strategy involved in preparation
5. Recent drug developments
References
1. John A. Joule, Keith Mills.; Heterocyclic Chemistry, 5thEdition, April 2010, ©2010,
WileyBlackwell, ISBN: 978-1-4051-3300-5.
2. Gilchrist, T. L. Heterocyclic chemistry; 3rd ed.; Addison Wesley Longman: Edinburgh Gate
3. Joule, J. A.; Mills, K.; Heterocyclic chemistry; 4th ed.; Blackwell Science: Oxford, 2000.
4. An Introduction to Medicinal chemistry: Graham, Patric third edition
5. Classics in total synthesis- More target, Strategies, methods-Nicolaou- Snyder, (Wiley-VCH)
6. The organic Chemistry of drug synthesis-Daniel Lednicer, Lester A. Mitscher (Wiley and
Sons) vol-3
7. Classics in Total Synthesis- Target, Strategy, methods-Nicolaou- Sorensen, (Wiley-VCH)
CBOP-3, CHD – 363(B): Any two section from I, II, III
Section-I: Immunology and Microbiology.
Section-II: Bioinformatics, Biostatistics in Drug Discovery
Section-III: Entrepreneurship Development
References
1. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry including Proteomics S. Rangnathan& Jerad Suresh
2011 CBS press
2. Statistical Methods in Biology-Norman Bailey(1995) Cambridge
3. Molecular Modeling, Principles and applications -Andrew Leach (Longman) 1998.
4. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry vol.4 Corwin Hansch(1990) pergaman press.
5. Organic Chemistry of drug design and drug action-RB. Silverman 2nd Ed. (2004) Elsevier
Learning Outcomes:
Students will learn
1. Understand recent trends in drug development
2. Learn various biological databases and their applications
3. Learn applications of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics
4. Learn applications of biostatistics
SECTION III: Entrepreneurship Development [24 L +6 T]
1. Fundaments of Entrepreneurship Development:
Concept and need of Entrepreneurship, Development and Definition of Entrepreneurship,
Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Invention, Creativity, Business, Idea, Opportunities, through
change, Concept of Entrepreneurship, Manager, Entrepreneur/ cooperate, Entrepreneur-
comparative study-Roles, Responsibilities, Career opportunity, Entrepreneurship as a
carrier, Entrepreneurship as style of management, The changing role of Entrepreneur: mid
career dilemmas, -Closing the window; Sustaining competitive-Maintaining competitive
advantages. [6L]
2. Theory of Entrepreneurship:
a. Innovation Theory by Schumpeter & Imitating
b. Theory of High Achievement by McClelland
c. X-Efficiency Theory by Leibenstein
d. Theory of profit by Knight
e. Theory of Social change by Everett Hagen [6L]
3. Influence of Entrepreneurship devlopment:
a. Entrepreneur Triaits, b. External influence on Entrepreneurship Development: Socio-
cultural , political, Economical, Personel, Entrepreneurial culture with special reference to
Entrepreneurship, Corporate Entrepreneurship c. Entrepreneurial Success and failure:
Reasons and Remedies [6L]
4. Business planning process:
The business plan as Entrepreneurial tool, Element of Business plan, Objectives, market
Analysis, Development of product /idea, Marketing Finance, Organization & Management,
Ownership, Critical risk, contingencies of the proposal, Scheduling and Milestones. [6L]
References
1. Entrepreneurship –Robert D Hisrich, Michael P, Peters, Dean A Shepherd
2. Entrepreneurship as strategy –G, Dale Meyer,kurt A. Heppard
3. Project Manegment: K. Nagarajan
4. The Culture of Entrepreneurship-Brigitte Berger
5. Entrepreneurship: New venture Creation –David H Holt
Learning Outcomes: Students will learn
1. Understand aspects of entrepreneurship development
2. Innovation and creativity
3. Development of an idea in marketing and finance
4. Entrepreneurship success and failure
References
1. Medicinal Chemistry -Burger vols. I to IV (John Wiley)
2. Principles of Medicinal Chemistry- W.Foye.
3. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry -C. Hansch (Pregaman Press).
4. Selective Toxicity –A. Albert (Chapman Hall)
5. Principles of Drug action - A. Goldstein.
6. Organic Chemistry of Drug action and Drug design -LB. Silverman (Elsevier)
7. Physiology and Anatomy- Carolla.
8. Medicinal Chemistry-Biochemical approach, Thomas Nogardy.
9. Essential of pharmacology -K. D. Tripathi.
10. Pharmacology-Hanney
11. Pharmacology-Goodman and Gilman.
12.An introduction to medicinal Chemistry Graham Patrick (Oxford)
13. Introduction to the Principles of Drug design and action. IVth Ed. H.John Smith(Taylor and
Francis )2010
14. Introduction to Medicinal chemistry Alex Gringauz (Wiley India)
15.Medicinal Chemistry An introduction II nd Edition. Gareth Thomas (Wiley India)2011
16. Wilson and Gisvolds Textbook of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry 12th
Ed. John M beale and John H Block 2011 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Learning Outcomes: Students will
1. Understand development of various antibiotics.
2. Understand mode of actions of different antibiotics.
3. Study pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics
4. Understand the selective toxicity and side effects of various antibiotics.
5. Will understand diseases caused by various pathogens and their treatment.
6. Will biochemical basis of cancer and different approaches to treat cancer.
7. Will study functioning of systems like CNS, CVS, Gastrointestinal system and endocrine
system, coordination among these, systemic diseases and their treatment.
CCTP-11, CHD-461: Drug Design [48 L +12 T]
SECTION I: [24 L +6 T]
1. Membrane and Receptors- Structure, functions and the mechanism of drug action
(Receptor Response), Clasifications, types of receptors. GPCR & Ion channels Design of
agonist and antagonists as drugs. Receptor theories, Models and their types. Receptors and
metabolic disorders imp in drug design. [10L]
2. Case studies on drug design from Patricks 5th Ed.2013 [4L]
3. Physicochemical principles of Drug action- Drug Receptor interactions, Quantitative 4.
Description of physicochemical parameters and their calculation. QSAR, Hanschanalysis,
COMFA, COMSIA, Free Wilson Method, Topliss manual and batchwise approach.
Craig’s models. Current trends. [5L]
4. Design of Drugs based on pharmacokinetics, Bio activation and metabolism Pro-drug
Design. Design of enzyme inhibitors. [5L]
SECTION II: [24 L +6 T]
1. Molecular Biology, Genetic engineering and Biotechnology in production of biological as
drugs. Antisense therapeutic agents: design and use of siRNA with examples. An overview
of Genomics, Metabolomics, pharmacogenomics and Toxicogenomics etc. [10L]
2. Combinatorial Chemistry and high throughput Screening. [5L]
3. Computers Aided Drug design: Basic concept of Computational chemistry like Quantum
Mechanics, Molecular Mechanics, Force fields, Energy minimization, Conformational
search, Molecular dynamics. Ligand based drug design; Receptor based drug design.
Analog approach, pharmacophore mapping. Molecular-modeling, Dock, Autodock and
Flexidock etc. Virtual Screening. [8L]
4. Current trends in the field of drug discovery and design. [1L]
References
1. An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry- 5th Edn. Patrick(Qxford 2013)
2. Medicinal Chemistry Vol. I Burger.
3. Molecular Modeling, Principles and applications -Andrew Leach (Longman) 1998.
4. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry vol.4 Corwin Hansch (1990) Pergaman press.
5. Organic Chemistry of drug design and drug action-RB. Silverman 2nd Ed. (2004) Elsevier
6. A Text book of Drug design and development IInd Edn. Povl.Krogsgaard-
Larsen Tommy L. and U Madsen (1996) Harwood Acad. Publishers.
7. Medicinal Chemistry An introduction Gareth Thomas 2nd Edition (Wiley India)
8. Introduction to the Principles of Drug design and action. IVth Ed. H.John Smith (Taylor and
Francis )2010
Learning Outcomes:
1. Student should understand the various types of receptors and its superfamilies.
2. To understand concept of Receptor theories.
3. Student should able to understand the Receptors and metabolic disorders important in drug
design.
4. To know about signal transduction mechanism of various receptors.
5. Student should understand the physicochemical principles of Drug action.
6. Student should able to understand the concept of Quantitative description of physicochemical
parameters and their calculation.
7. To know about Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of drug action.
8. Student should able to understand the different dosage forms of drugs.
9. To understand concept of Design of Drugs based on pharmacokinetics.
10. Student should understand the concept of Pro-drug design strategy.
11. Student should know the concept of molecular biology.
12. To know about Computers Aided Drug design.
13. To know about Ligand based drug design and Receptor based drug design.
CBOP-4, CHD-462(A): Advanced Synthetic Methods in Chemistry
OR
CHD-462 (B): Supramolecular, Green Chemistry and Forensic
Chemistry
CBOP-4, CHD-462(A): Advanced Synthetic Methods in Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Section-I: Designing of Organic Synthesis [24 L +6 T]
1. Protection and de-protection of hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, ketone and aldehyde functions as
illustrated in the synthesis of polypeptide and polynucleotide [4L]
2. Enamines in synthesis [2L]
3. Umpolung synthons and reagents in organic synthesis [4L]
4. Retrosynthesis [14L]
Section-II: Transition metal complexes in synthesis [24 L, 6T]
1. Multi-component reactions: Ugi, Passerini, Biginelli and Mannich reactions [3L]
2. Ring formation reactions: Pausan-Khand, Bergman and Nazerov cyclization [2L]
3. Transition metal complexes in Organic synthesis. Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira, Stille, [3L]
4. Fukuyama, Kumada, Hiyama, Negishi, Buchwald-Hartwig, Noyori, Reppe, Oxo process [4L]
5. Organolithium, Aluminium, Phosphorous and Boranes, Synthetic applications [6L]
6. Click chemistry: criterion for click reaction, Sharpless azides cycloadditions [2L]
7. Biomimetic synthesis [2L]
8. Domino Reactions [2L]
References
1. Designing Organic synthesis - S Warren (Wiley Interscience)
2. Organic synthesis through disconnection approach- P. S. Kalsi – 2nd edition
3. Some modern methods of Organic synthesis. W Carruthers (Cambridge)
4. Organic Chemistry -Clayden, Greeves, Warren of wothers (Oxford press)
5. Organic synthesis M. B. Smith.
6. https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=5 Paper 14: Organic chemistry IV-
Advance organic synthesis, supramolecular chemistry and carbocyclic ring
7. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry- G. E. Coates, Green and K Wade
8. Transition Metal Intermediates in Organic synthesis C W Bird, Logos (1967)
9. Organometallics in Organic synthesis- J. M. Swan and DC Black (Chapman Hall)
10. Modem synthetic Reactions- HO House, Benjamin
11. Domino reactions in organic synthesis- L.F. Tietze, G. Brasche, K. m. Gericke
Learning outcome :
1. Use and applications of protecting and deprotecting reagent
2. Applications of enamine and umpolung in synthesis
3. Retro analysis of one and more functional group
4. Synthons, Convergent and divergent synthesis
5. Applications of multicomponent and Cyclic ring formation reactions in synthesis
6. Different name reactions involving transition metal viz. Pd, Ni, Ru, Co, Fe, Cu etc.
7. Organometal applications and uses of Al, Li, P, B
8. Sharpless azide cycloaddition, Domino and biomimetic synthesis
CBOP-4, CHD-462(B): Supramolecular, Green Chemistry and Forensic
Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Section-I: Supramolecular, Green Chemistry [24 L +6 T]
1. Supra-molecular Chemistry [12L]
Properties of covalent bond, bond length, inter-bond angles, force constant, bond and
molecular dipole moments, molecular and bond polarizability, bond dissociation enthalpy,
entropy, Intermolecular forces, hydrophobic effects, Electrostatics, induction, dispersion
and resonance energy, magnetic interactions, magnitude of interaction energy, force
between microscopic bodies, medium effects, hydrogen bond, Principles of molecular
association and organization as exemplified by in biological macromolecules like enzymes,
nucleic acids, membrane and model systems like micelles and vesicles, molecular
receptors and design principles. Cryptands, cyclophanes, calixeranes, cyclodextrins.
Supramolecular reactivity and catalysis. Molecular channels and transport processes.
Molecular devices and nontechnology.
2. Green chemistry [12L]
1. Atom Economy and Principles of chemistry Green
2. Solvent free reactions
3. Organic synthesis in solid state: Michael addition, Beckmann rearrangement, solid
support organic synthesis, synthesis of aziridine, pyridine, chromans and flavones.
4. Aqueous phase Reactions: Diels –Alder reaction, Heck reaction, epoxidation,
dihydroxylation [syn & Anti].
5. Microwave Technology: Microwave solvent free reactions- Deacetylation, deprotection,
saponification of ester, alkylation of reactive methylene compounds, synthesis of nitrile
from aldehyde, reductions.
6. Benzotriazole
7. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl pyrazol-5-one
8. O-nitroaniline ⟶O-phenylene diamine ⟶Benzimidazole
9. 2,4-diethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dimethyl pyrrole from ethyl acetoacetate
10. Quinoline from aniline Skraup synthesis)
11. Benzimidazole from benzyl
12. Glycine⟶2,5-dioxopiperazine
13. 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydro2,6-trimethylpyridine
14. Hippuric acid ⟶Azalactone⟶4-benzylidene 2-phenyl oxazol-5-one
15. Benzocaine
16. Antipyrine
17. Paracetamol
18. Aspirin
19. Ibuprofen
20. Barbiturate
References:
1. Practical Organic Chemistry, Al. Vogel (ELBS).
2. Microscale and Macro scale Preparations Williamson and Williamson.
3. Practical Heterocylic Chemistry, Fitton and Smalley (AP)
4. Organic Synthesis Collective Volumes, Vol I to VIII
5. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry by V.K. Ahluwalia and Renu Aggarwal
6. Practical Chemistry, Fitton and Smalley
Learning Outcomes: Students will
1. Learn different syntheses of heterocycles
2. Use of various synthetic strategies in drug synthesis
problems with LLE process), purge and trap for volatile organics in aqueous samples,
Examples of Solvent Extraction- estimation individual metal ions Be, B, Cu, Fe and Pb by
solvent extraction. Problems. (Ref-2: relevant pages and Ref.-1: 39-45)
3. Solid Phase extraction (SPE) [6 L]
Introduction, Types of SPE media, SPE formats and apparatus, method for SPE operation,
solvent selection, factors affecting SPE, selected methods of analysis for SPE: application
of normal phase SPE, application of reversed phase SPE, application of ion exchange SPE,
applications of molecularly impaired polymers, Automation and On-Line SPE and its
applications. (Ref-1: 49-78)
4. Solid phase micro-extraction [6 L]
Introduction, theoretical considerations, experimental, Methods of analysis: SPME-GC:
direct immersion SPME, headspace SPME, analysis of compounds from solid matrix, other
SPME-GC application. Methods of analysis: SPME-HPLC-MS: analysis of abitic
dehydroabietic acid in food samples, analysis of fungicide in water. Automation of SPME
and its application, New development in micro extraction (Introduction, stirbas sorptive
extraction, liquid phase micro-extraction, , membrane micro extraction, micro extraction in
packed syringe).(Ref-1: 85-110, Ref-3)
5. Solid -Liquid Extraction, Microwave extraction [6 L]
Classical Approach: Introduction, Soxhlet extraction, Automated Soxhlet extraction, other
approaches, Pressurized Fluid Extraction: Introduction, theoretical consideration,
Instrumentation for PFE, method development and applications. Microwave assisted
extraction: Introduction, instrumentation, Applications(Ref-1: 125-174)
References
1. Extraction Techniques in Analytical Science, John R. Dean, Wiley
2. Vogel’s Textbook of quantitative Chemical Analysis, sixth Ed., Mendham, Denney,
Barnes, Thomas, Pub: Pearson Education.
3. Solid Phase Microextraction, A Practical Guide, Edited by Sue Ann Scheppers Wercinski,
CRC press, Taylor and Francis.
Learning Objective - At the end of course students should able to-
1. Define / understand various terms in analytical extraction and method development and
validation.
2. Explain instrumentations and methodology in analytical extraction.
3. Explain / describe basic principles of analytical extraction method development and
validation.
4. Explain /Describe applications analytical extraction and method development and
validation in industry and in analytical laboratory.
5. Apply / select particular method of analysis for sample to be analysed.
6. Solve numerical problems on analytical extraction and method development and
validation.
7. Develop analytical method for analysis of given sample. Apply statistical treatment to the
analytical data. Select appropriate parameters for the development of analytical
method
8. Differentiate among the methods of analytical extraction.
CCTP-9, CHA-392: Advanced Chromatographic Methods of Analysis
[48L + 12T]
Section-I: Mass spectrometry and Gas Chromatography [24 L +6 T]
1. Mass Spectrometry [6 L]
Fundamentals, Electron ionization, Chemical ionization, Instrumentation:Quadrupole
mass spectrometers, Magnetic sector mass spectrometers, TOF mass analyser,
detector;Interpretation of mass spectra, Types of ions Isotopic abundances and
characteristic ion clusters, Nitrogen rule and rings-plus-double-bonds, steps in
interpretation, Examples(Ref-1: 39-72, Supplementary Ref.- 4)
2. Fundamentals of Chromatographic Methods of Analysis [4 L]
Fundamentals of Chromatographic Separation (overview, the development of
chromatogram), Characteristics value in chromatogram, Chromatographic theories (plate
theory, kinetic theory), Rs as measure of peak separation, qualitative and quantitative
analysis. Problems.(Ref-2, Supplementary Ref-1, 6)
3. Gas Chromatography [4 L]
Retention data and partition coefficient, separation in the gas phase, Components of gas
chromatography:Carrier gas, sample injection, split injection, spitless injection, cold on
column injection, programmable temperature vaporization, head space injection, solvent
effects, column, detectors- TCD, FID, ECD, Stationary phases for GC: stationary phases
for packed column, capillary column, deactivation of surface, different stationary phases,
Applications of GC, Problem on quantitative analysis.(Ref.-2, Supplementary Ref-1, 6)
4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [8 L]
Vacuum and gas flow, Basic principles, Analysis of vacuum and gas flow, Interfaces,
Computerization, Computerized operation, Characteristics, Data analysis, Reconstructed
gas chromatogram, Mass chromatogram, Selected ion monitoring, Background
subtraction, Biller-Biemann stripping technique, Compound identification using
reference spectra matching, Mass spectral compilations, Methods of computerized mass
spectral search, Commercial mass spectral computer search systems, Quantitative
analysis by selected ion monitoring, Choice of ions: basic considerations, Magnetic
sector versus quadrupole analysers, Identification and quantitation procedures, Use of
isotopically labelled standards, Precision, accuracy and limit of detection, Automated
GC-MS operation, Automated data acquisition, Automated data analysis.(Ref-1: 79-134)
5. Applications of GC and GC-MS [2 L]
1. Quantitative analysis by GLC-different methods, Elemental Analysis using Gas
Chromatography, analysis of Al, analysis of a mixture using the interna1 normalisation
method, determination of sucrose as its trimethylsilyl derivative using gas-liquid
chromatography, Ref-4
2. Phenols in waste water by LLE-GC method (sec-6420 phenols), Organochlorine
pesticides in water: LLEGC method-1, LLEGC method-2 (sec-6630 organochlorine
pesticides), volatile organic compounds – Purge and trap capillary column GC-MS
method (Sec-6200-A,B,C), Tributyl tin by GC-MS and FID method (Sec-6710-A,B,C)
Ref- 5
References
1. Basic Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, Principles and Techniques, F.W.
Karasekand R.E. Clement, Elsevier, (Elsevier Science B.V.) 1988
2. Analytical Chemistry, Ed. by Kellner, Mermet, Otto, Valcarcel, Widmer, Second Ed.
Wiley –VCH
4. Vogels’s, Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis 6th Ed.
5. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste wter, 23rd Ed. Rodger Baird,
Andrew Eatson, Eugene Rice, jointly published by: Americal Public Health Association,
Americal Water Works Association, Water Environment Fedearation,
6. Forensic applications of Gas Chromatography by Michelle Carlin and John Dean, CRC
press, 2013)
Section-II: Liquid Chromatography [24 L +6 T]
1. Instrumentation of HPLC [4 L]
Introduction: HPLC-A powerful separation method, A first HPLC experiment, Liquid
chromatographic separation modes, The HPLC instrument,Pumps: General requirements,
The short-stroke piston pump, Preparation of Equipment up to Sample Injection:Selection
of the mobile phase, Preparation of the mobile phase, Gradient systems, Sample injectors,
Sample solution and sample volume; Solvent Properties: Table of organic solvents,
Solvent selectivity, Miscibility, Buffers, Shelf life of mobile phases, The mixing
cross;Detectors: General, UV detectors, Refractive index detectors, Fluorescence
detectors, Electrochemical (amperometric) detectors, Light-scattering detectors, Multiple
detection; Columns and Stationary Phases: Columns for HPLC, Precolumn, General
properties of stationary phases, Silica, Chemically modified silica, Styrene-
divinylbenzene, Column care and regeneration(Ref-2: 1-9, 59-136, Ref-1)
2. HPLC Methods [6 L]
a) Adsorption Chromatography: Normal-Phase Chromatography: What is
adsorption?, The eluotropic series, Selectivity properties of the mobile phase,Choice
and optimization of the mobile phase, Applications(Ref.-2: 159-168, Ref-1)
b) Reversed-Phase Chromatography: Principle, Mobile phases in reversed-phase
chromatography, Solvent selectivity and strength, Stationary phases, Method
development in reversed-phase chromatography, Applications, Hydrophobic
interaction chromatography. (Ref.-2: 173-191, Ref-1)
c) Chromatography with Chemically Bonded Phases: Introduction, Properties of
some stationary phases, Hydrophilic interaction chromatography, (Ref.-2: 195-200,
Ref-1)
d) Ion-Exchange Chromatography: Introduction, Principle, Properties of ion
exchangers, Influence of the mobile phase, Special possibilities of ion exchange,
Practical hints, Applications (Ref.-2: 203-213, Ref-1)
e) Ion-Pair Chromatography: Introduction, Ion-pair chromatography in practice,
Applications (Ref.-2: 217-221, Ref-1)
f) Ion Chromatography: Principle, Suppression techniques, Phase systems,
Applications (Ref.-2: 225-230, Ref-1)
1. Define / understand various terms in chromatography (GC and HPLC) and mass
spectroscopy.
2. Explain instrumentations in chromatography (GC and HPLC) and mass spectroscopy.
3. Explain / describe i) basic principles of chromatography (GC and HPLC) and mass
spectroscopy. ii) separation in GC / HPLC column. iii) Functioning and construction of
GC / HPLC/ MS detectors.
4. Explain /Describe applications chromatography (GC and HPLC) in industry and in
analytical laboratory.
5. Apply / select particular method / instrumental parameters for analysis for sample GC /
HPLC.
6. Solve numerical problems on chromatography (GC and HPLC) and mass spectroscopy.
7. Integrate GC and HPLC chromatogram, Mass spectrum
8. Differentiate among the chromatography (GC and HPLC) methods of analysis.
CBOP-3, CHA-393: A) Bioanalytical Chemistry OR
B) Analysis of Food and Controlled Substances
CBOP-3, CHA-393: A) Bioanalytical Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Section-I: Bioanalytical Techniques [24 L +6 T]
1. Introduction to Electrophoresis [6L]
General introduction to Electrophoresis: Introduction and applications of electrophoresis;
Types of electrophoretic systems: Moving boundary electrophoresis, Zone
electrophoresis, Steady state electrophoresis; Support media in Zone electrophoresis:
filter paper, cellulose acetate, gel media; Factors Affecting Electrophoretic Mobility:
Characteristic of charged molecules, Characteristic of the electrophoretic system;
Detection in electrophoresis: optical methods, radiochemical methods, biological assay
methods (Ref-1: 1-70)
2. Capillary Electrophoresis: Basics, Instrumentation and Application [10 L]
a) Basic Principles:Basic Electrophoretic Separation Modes, Zone Electrophoresis,
lsotachophoresis, lsoelectric Focusing, Set-up for Capillary Electrophoresis, Theory of
Electrophoretic Migration, Determination of Effective Mobility, Electroosmosis,
Performance Criteria, Efficiency, Resolution. (Ref-2: 5-33)
b)Instrumentation:Injection, Hydrodynamic Injection, Electro-kinetic Injection, General
Aspects of Injection, Detection, General Aspects, Evaluation of Detector Performance,
UV -VIS Absorbance Detection, Light Sources for UV -VIS Detection, Optical Layout of
a UV -VIS Detector for CE, Design of the Detection Cell, Fluorescence Detection:
Excitation Sources for Fluorescence Detection, Optical Layout of a Fluorescence
Detector, Derivatization with Fluorescent Tags, Pre- and Post-Column Derivatization,
Electrochemical Detection, Conductometric Detection, Amperometric Detection,
Capillary Column, Sample Collection, Commercial Instruments. (Ref-2: 103-141, 151-
158)
c) Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis and Applications: General Aspects of
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis, Application: Drugs and Natural Products, Amino
Acids, Peptides and Protein (Ref-2: 243-246, 261-274, 278-303).
3. HPTLC and Detectors for HPTLC [8 L]
7. Carbohydrates: [5 L]
Introduction, Mono- and Oligosaccharides: Extraction, Total Carbohydrate: Phenol-
preparation.
ii. Record the chromatogram of pure substance and study a) Effect of conc. on peak
area and peak height b) from retention time and length of column calculate number
theoretical plates from. c) Qualitative analysis – spiking method and by using
retention time d) Quantitative analysis by comparing peak height of sample with
standard as well as by comparing peak area of sample with standard.(Ref.-1, 14, 15)
Estimation of APC tablet by HPLC method (Ref-1, 3, 8) or HPLC method developed
18 in your laboratory.
Gas Chromatography
19 Demonstration Practical by Mentor
Study of GC chromatogram: Record the chromatogram of pure ethanol, acetone,
methanol and their mixture. Identify peaks of respective substances in mixture and
calculate relative percentage of these three substances by percent area method.
Calculate N, resolution of chromatographic column. (Ref-1)
20 Analysis of vitamin-A acetate or alfa-tocopherol by GC according to IP method or
any other reported method or method developed in your laboratory. (Ref-2)
Thermogravimetric Method
21 Demonstration Practical by Mentor
Study of GC chromatogram: Record the TGA of pure NaHCO3 (room temp to 300
°C). Explain different characteristics of thermogram and quantitative analysis by
TGA. Explain how thermal decomposition reaction can be predicted from wt. loss.
22 TGA analysis of dolomite ore for CaCO3 and MgCO3 content (Ref-1)
23 TGA analysis CuSO4 5H2O (Ref-1)
Cyclic Voltammetry
24 Cyclic voltammetric study of Fe(II)/Fe(III) system. Basic principle and calculation of
basic parameters from CV. (Ref-1, 10, 11)
25 Quantitative analysis using CV of any one -Vit-C / parathion / nitrobenzene / or any
other substance for which your department has developed CV method. (Ref.-12,13).
Students Self activity
1 a) Compulsory: Prepare report on construction, working, representation, uses and
care of electrodes: Calomel electrode, silver-silver chloride electrode, platinum
electrode, conductivity cell, and combine glass electrode. (Ref-1).
b) Actual construction of standard silver-silver chloride as reference electrode
(Replacement to saturated calomel electrode as it contain highly toxic Hg(II),
Hg(I) and Hg metal), salt bridge and their testing. (Ref-9).
c. Construct graphite electrode using graphite rod or used dry pen-cell. Perform redox
titration using graphite electrode prepared by you and calomel as reference
electrode. Perform same titration using Pt electrode and calomel electrode. Report
does Pt can be replaced by graphite or not. Give the reasons.
References:
1. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Ed.
10. Differentiate among the various analytical methods / techniques of chemical analysis.
Semester-IV
CCTP- 10, CHA-490: Advanced Analytical Spectroscopic Techniques
[48L + 12T]
Section-I: Atomic Spectroscopic Methods [24 L +6 T]
1. Sample preparation techniques [2 L]
Introduction, aqueous sample, liquid-liquid extraction, Ion exchange, co-precipitation, solid
samples: decomposition techniques, microwave digestion, dry ashing, fusion, Extraction
procedures: Single extraction, sequential extraction, enzymatic digestion (Ref-1: 17-36,
Supplementary reference - 2)
2. Atomic Absorption and emission Spectroscopy [6 L]
Introduction, Atomic spectra, Instrumentation of AAS: Sample introduction system:
Nebulizers, Laser Ablation technique, hydride vapour generators, automizers: Flame
atomizer - premix burner, fuel gases and oxidants, graphite furnace, hydride generator, cold
vapour technique, Hollow cathode lamps, spectrophotometers, detectors, Interferences in
AAS (spectral and chemical), Quantitative analysis (calibration curve method, standard
addition method, internal standard addition method), Practical applications of AAS from
Ref-3. (Ref-3: Relevant pages, Supplementary references4,5)
3. Inductively Coupled Plasma AES and MS [10 L]
a. Inductively Coupled Plasma AES: Introduction to Atomic emission spectroscopy,
inductively coupled plasma, Direct current plasma, microwave induced plasma, glow
discharge, plasma spectroscopy, spectrometers, Detectors, interferences.
b. Inductively Coupled Plasma MS: Fundamental of MS, Inorganic mass spectroscopy,
Interface, mass spectrometer, quadrupole mass analyser, detectors, interferences, isotope
dilution analysis, mass spectral interpretation. (Ref-1:57-117, supplementary Ref- 6)
c. Applications: Forensic analysis of documents, Clinical analysis of blood and urine, (Ref-
1: Relevant pages). Analysis of metals from waste water sample of ICP-MS method (Ref-2,
sec. 3120, 3125)
4. Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy [6 L]
Atomic fluorescence, Apparatus for AFS, EMR source for AFS, LASERS, Cells for AFS,
Plasmas- ICP and DCP, Detectors, theory of AFS, Analysis with AFS, Interferences with
AFS, Resonant ionization Spectroscopy, LASER enhanced ionization spectroscopy.(Ref-5)
5. Elemental Analysis [2 L]
Particular analyses, Elemental organic microanalysis, Total nitrogen analysers (TN), Total
sulphur analysers, Total carbon analysers, problems on empirical and molecular formula on
CHONS analysis. (Ref. -7: 441-450)
Reference
1. Practical Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy, John R. Dean, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
(AnTs Series book)
2. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd Ed. Jointly published
by American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, Water
4. Pharmaceutical Chemical Analysis: Methods for Identification and Limit Tests, Ole
Pedersen, CRC press. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
Learning Objective - At the end of course students should able to-
1. Define / understand various terms in pharmaceutical raw material and finished product
analysis.
2. Explain various pharmaceutical dosage forms and types of raw materials used.
3. To describe basic principles of methods of pharmaceutical analysis according to IP.
4. Explain importance particular test in pharmaceutical raw material and finished product
analysis.
5. Perform and explain importance of limit tests, identification tests and micobiological limit
test of raw materials and finished products.
6. Solve numerical problems on analysis pharmaceutical raw material and finished product
analysis.
7. Interpret IR spectra, HPLC chromatogram, UV-Visible spectra of pharmaceutical
materials.
8. To perform total analysis of pharmaceutical raw material and finished product analysis
according to IP / BP / USP.
9. Standardize analytical instruments according IP /BP/ USP.
10. Take a decision on the basis of analytical results regarding quality of raw materials so
that material can be accepted for production or rejected.
CBOP-4, CHA-492: A) Laboratory Automation and Environmental
Analytical Chemistry
OR
CBOP-4, CHA-492: B) Analytical Chemistry of agriculture, Polymer and
Detergents
CBOP-4, CHA-492: A) Laboratory Automation and Environmental Analytical
Chemistry [48L + 12T]
Sensor-I: Laboratory Automation and Sensor Based Techniques [24 L +6 T]
1. Introduction to laboratory Automation [2 L]
Introduction, automation, miniaturization and simplification, lab automation, flow injection
analysis, miniaturized analytical systems, fast response analytical systems, chemical
sensors, screening systems, process on-line systems. (Ref-1: Relevant pages)
2. Laboratory Automation [4 L]
Definition and concept, objective of automation in analytical chemistry, automation of
analytical tools and process, automation of preliminary operations, automation of
calibration, automation of measuring and transducing of analytical signals, automation of
data acquisition and processing, analysers, automated management system, advantages
and shortcomings of automated system. (Ref-1: Relevant pages)
3. Flow Injection Analysis [6 L]
Batch and continuous flow analysis, principles, basic FIA instrumentation, dispersion in FIA,
FIA for reproducible and precise sample preparation, FIA system with enzymes, flow
injection hydride generation scheme, online sample conditioning, and preconcentration,
exploiting the physical dispersion process, FIA gradient technique, Process control,
(Ref-3: 1, 8, 17-24, 31-36, 42-75, 105-109, 119-124, 142-143, 149-160, 171-177, 222-226,
264-280, 310-317, Supplementary reference-4)
Reference
1. Polymer analysis, Barbara H. Stuart, Analytical Techniques in the Sciences (AnTS), John
Wiley and Sons Ltd.
2. Analytical Methods forPolymer CharacterizationRui Yang, CRC PressTaylor& Francis Group,
2018
3. Introduction to Surfactant Analysis, Edited by D. C. Cullum, Springer-Science + Business
Media, B.V, 1994.
4. Handbook of Detergents, Editor-In-ChiefUri Zoller, Part-C, Heinrich Waldhoff, Rüdiger
Spilker, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2005.
Learning Objective - At the end of course students should able to-
1. Define / understand various terms in soil analysis, pesticide residue analysis, detergent
analysis and polymer analysis.
2. Explain / describe techniques / methods of soil analysis, pesticide residue analysis,
detergent analysis and polymer analysis.
3. To describe basic principles techniques / methodssoil analysis, pesticide residue analysis,
detergent analysis and polymer analysis.
4. Explain importance of soil analysis, pesticide residue analysis, detergent analysis and
polymer analysis.
5. Choose suitable method / techniques to characterize quality of soli polymer and detergent.
6. Describe / explain results of analysis soil, pesticide residue, detergent and polymer.
7. Solve numerical problems on analysis soil, pesticide residue, detergent and polymer.
8. Draw conclusion regarding soil, detergent and polymer quality from analytical results.
CBOP-5, CHA-493: Practical III
CHA-493-A: Optional Analytical Chemistry Practical
OR
CHA-493-B: Project
CBOP-5, CHA-493: A) Optional Analytical Chemistry Practical [96 L +24 T]
Section-I: Any 12 experiments
1 Table Work: Characterization of organic compounds by VU-Visible, IR and
NMR spectroscopy (any two compounds, Example- paracetamol and aspirin -
actual spectra must be given for analysis)
Analytical Chemistry for Self-Employment: (any five experiments from 2 to 9):
Preparation / Isolations Analytical Standards or reference material for analytical laboratories
(Imp. Note: all these materials can be used for further experiments).
2-3 Solvent extraction: Isolation and purification caffeine. Impurity present if any by
TLC. Indian Pharmacopeia Tests: identification tests, MP, loss on drying, Total
heavy metal and assay. (Spectral characterization may be performed) (Ref-5)
4-5 Synthesis of Paracetamol (or any other medicinal compound) by green chemistry
route and recrystallization. Test as per IP: TLC, MP, Identification tests, limit
test for chloride, LOD and assay. (spectral characterization may be performed)
(Ref-5 and 4)
(Ref-1, 3).
11 a) Determination of refractive index of four liquids as per IP. b) Viscosity of ethyl
cellulose by Oswald viscometer using viscometer which comply specification of IP.
12 The Determination of Aspirin and caffeine in a Proprietary Analgesic or given
mixture by Ultraviolet (UV) Spectrometry. (Ref. – 8)
13 Analysis of Caffeine and benzoic acid from cold drink by HPLC (Ref-6, 9)
Or HPLC Analysis of an Asthma Medication (Ref-7)
Or Assay of Omeprazole in Gastro-Resistant Omeprazole Tablets (Solid Preparation)
by LC (Ref.-6)
Or Quantitative Determination of Methyl Parabenin a Prepared Sample by HPLC
(Ref-9)
14 Kit method (any two): a) Analysis of glucose from blood or hydrolysed food sample
and b) urea from urine, c) Cholesterol from blood or fatty material. d) Creatinine
(Ref: Perform experiment as per the instructions of manufacturer of kit).
15 Visit to waste water treatment plant (industry or municipal corporation) and writing a
detailed report on methods and parameters used for treatment process.
Or
Visit to Pharmaceutical Industry and report on function of QC department in
pharmaceutical industry
Reference
1) Indian Pharmacopeia Volume I, 7th Ed
2) Indian Pharmacopeia Volume II, 7th Ed
3) Indian Pharmacopeia Vol-III, 7th Ed.
4) Introduction to Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard, Bente
Gammelgaard, Trine Grønhaug Halvorsen, Second Edition, Wiley (2012).
5. Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Ed.
6. Analysis of Soft Drinks: UV Spectrophotometry, Liquid Chromatography, and Capillary
Electrophoresis, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 75 No. 5 May 1998
7. HPLC Analysis of an Asthma Medication, Man L. Muellerl and Lawrence W. Pott,Journal
of Chemical Education, Volume 85 Number 10 October 1988.
8. Experiments in modern analytical chemistry, D. Kealey, Springer Science Business media,
1986.
9. Analytical Chemistry for Technicians, John Kenkel, Third Edition, CRC Press LLC, 2003.
Section-II
Any four from 1-6
1 Analysis of waste water /natural water sample for pH, dissolved oxygen, total
dissolved salts (conductometry) (Ref-1)
2 Analysis of waste water sample: turbidity, colour, total hardness (Ref-1 and 2)
3 Alkalinity and Buffering capacity of water (Ref-1)
4 COD of waste water sample (Ref-3) (Note: small scale experiment is possible where
visible spectrometric method can be used for determination of Cr(VI) (Ref.-2)
5 Aqueous carbonate equilibria and corrosiveness (calcium carbonate saturation) (Ref-1, 2)
a student.
References
1. Environmental Chemistry, Microscale Laboratory Experiments, Jorge G. Ibanez,
Margarita Hernandez-Esparza, Carmen Doria-Serrano, Arturo Fregoso-Infante, Mono
Mohan Singh, published by Springer.
2. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 23rd Ed. Jointly published
by American Public Health Association, American Water Work Association, Water
Environment Federation. 2017.
3. Vogel’s Textbook Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Ed.
4. Laboratory Experiments on Electrochemical Remediation of the Environment. Part 4:
Color Removal of Simulated Wastewater by Electrocoagulation–Electroflotation, Journal
of Chemical Education, Vol. 75, No. 8, August 1998.
5. Vitamin C as a Model for a Novel and Approachable Experimental Framework for
Investigating Spectrophotometry, Journal of Chemical Education,
DOI:10.1021/acs.jchemed.9b00197
6. Biochemical Methods, Third Edition, By S Sadashivan, A. Manickam; New Age
International publishers.
7. Lab. Manual: Manual of Methods of Analysis of Foods, Vegatables: Fruit and vegetable
products:
https://old.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Draft_Manuals /FRUITS_AND_VEGETABLE.pdf
8.Manual Of Methods Of Analysis Of Foods Food Safety And Standards Authority Of India
Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Government Of India New Delhi 2015 Milk
And Milk Products:
https://old.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Draft_Manuals/MILK_AND_MILK_
PRODUCTS.pdf
9. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques, Azad and Ahmed International
Journal of Food Contamination (2016) 3:22 DOI 10.1186/s40550-016-0045-3
10. Introduction to Surfactant Analysis, Edited by D. C. Cullum, Springer-Science + Business
Media, B.V, 1994.
11. Experiments in polymer science, D. G. Hundawale, V. D. Athawale, V.R. Kapadi, V.V.
Gite, New Age International Publishers.
12. Improved ninhydrin-based reagent for spectrophotometric determination of ppb levels of
cyanide, Environmental Forensics, Volume 17, 2016 - Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/
15275922.2015.1091404.
13) Demonstrating the Presence of Cyanide in Bitter Seeds while Helping students Visualize
Metal–Cyanide Reduction and Formation in a Copper Complex Reaction, J. Chem.
Educ. 2016, 93, 5, 891-897.
14. Practical Physical Chemistry, Viswanathan B., Raghawan, Viva Books
Learning Objective –
At the end of course students should able to-
1. Maintain proper record of analytical data in notebook. Observer personal safety in
laboratory and able handle all chemicals, instruments, etc safely in laboratory.
evaluation i.e. out of 30. Systematic record of internal evaluation must be maintained
which is duly sign by mentor and student.
For absentee of a student in regular practical zero marks will be assigned. However,
pre-intimation absentee will be allowed but student have to complete the experiment in the
same week with the permission of your mentor.
5. Printed journal is allowed. It should consist of Name of the student, Roll No.(first page of
each experiment), date, name of experiment, principle, special instructions regarding the
safety precautions and special care to be taken (if any), chemicals, apparatus, brief
procedure and blank tables is allowed. It should not contain any details of calculations,
dilutions factors, calculated amounts, reactions, and structures. At the end 5 to 7 tricky
questions on experiment should be given for solving and it is compulsory activity.
6. Wherever possible use / prepare minimum amounts / required amounts of solutions. Use
micro burette for titrations involving instrumental methods. Micropipettes shall be used
for measuring small volumes accurately which helpful to prepare small volumes of
solutions for instrumental analysis. For flame photometry / AAS typically 10 ml solution is
sufficient, HPLC – 1-5 ml, colorimetry / spectrophotometry 5 ml, etc.
7. Similar strategy can be used for internal evaluation of a candidate performing project.
8. In colorimetric estimation do not prepare more than 5 ml solution for measurement of
absorbance. Add all of the reagent with micro-burette or 1 / 2 ml graduated pipette so that
student will not require volumetric flask. If possible, use 1 ml cuvette with
spectrophotometers (It is available in market). Solvent extraction procedure can be
typically performed with total 5-ml organic solvents to decrease toxic waste.
9. Wherever feasible develop and practice micro or semi-micro methods form known /
recommended procedures from the reference books. This is to i) minimization cost of
experiment ii) decreases wastage of chemicals iii) decrease environmental pollution.
10. Avoid use of toxic chemicals and reagents. If possible, replace toxic reagent by non-toxic
or less toxic reagent. Example: in volumetric estimation of Fe (III) SnCl2 and then HgCl2 is
used to convert Fe (III) to Fe(II). Sn (IV) and Hg(I) produced in reaction are toxic. This
can be done by using Zn metal powder. Avoid use of K2Cr2O7, and no alternative prepare
minimum /required amount of it.
11. Wherever required, standardize Na2S2O3 with oven dried KIO3 in place of K2Cr2O7 as
Cr(VI) is carcinogenic and mutagenic.
12. By trial replace CHCl3 by other extracting solvents as chlorinated solvents are highly
toxic.
13. Metal like Ag can be recovered after experiment. Device suitable method.
14. Wherever possible replace calomel electrode by Ag/AgCl reference electrode as Calomel
consists of toxic element Hg and Hg(I). (Ref-Student Construction of a Gel-Filled Ag/AgCl
Reference Electrode for Use in a Potentiometric Titration, Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 76, No.
1, January 1999).
15. College / Chemistry Department of the respective college must follow all the rules of
EPA / WHO regarding the toxic waste management of the chemistry laboratory produced
during practical.
16. In each practical course a mentor can introduce one or two Novel experiment of
6. M. Sc.(II) Biochemistry
Outline for Semester III and IV – Biochemistry
Paper No. Course name Credits
Semester III
CCTP-7, BCH-311 Molecular Biology 4
CCTP-8, BCH-312 Immunology 4
CCTP-9, BCH-313 Recombinant DNA Technology 4
CHB-314(A): Bio-processing and Industrial 4
CBOP-3, BCH-314 Biochemistry
(any one) CHB-314(B): Pharmacology and Forensic 4
Biochemistry
CCPP-3, BCH-315 Practical I: Molecular Biology and Immunological 4
Practical I techniques
Semester IV
CCTP-10, BCH- Neurochemistry & Endocrinology 4
411
CCTP-11, BCH- Medical and Physiological Biochemistry 4
412
CHB-413(A): Evolution and developmental 4
CBOP-4, BCH-413 biology
(any one) CHB-413(B): Clinical Nutrition and Food 4
Technology
CHB-414(A): Principles Of Downstream 4
Techniques In Bioprocess
CBOP-4, BCH-414
CHB-414(B): Clinical Biochemistry and Research 4
(any one)
Methodology (Presentation of
Practical III
research paper/Preparation of
research project) Data interpretation
CCPP-4, BCH-415 Project 4
Practical II
3. Antigen: Antigen, antigenic determinant, Blood antigens: blood group substances and Rh
factor, super antigens, Lipopolysaccharides, Adjuvant complete and incomplete antigen
4. Ig super family: Tcell receptor, B cell receptor, MHC I & II structure, CD receptors.
Antibody: structure of antibody, constant and variable regions, Fab, F(ab2) and Fc
fragments, different classes of antibodies and their functions, fine structures of antibodies,
X ray diffraction studies, isotypes, allotypes and idiotypes,
Responsiveness
Section II: [24L + 6T]
1. Antigen Processing and Presentation: Self-MHC Restriction of T Cells, Role of Antigen-
Presenting Cells , Evidence for Two Processing and Presentation Pathways, Endogenous
Antigens: The Cytosolic Pathway, Exogenous Antigens: The Endocytic Pathway ,
Presentation of Nonpeptide Antigens
2. Immunodeficiency: primary B-cell deficiency, primary T cell deficiency, SCID, AIDS
3. Hypersensitivity: Type I anaphylactic hypersensitivity, Type II antibody dependant
cytotoxic hypersensitivity, Type III immunecomplex mediated hypersensitivity, Type IV
DTH, Type V Stimulatory Hypersensitivity, Mast cells, eosinophils, basophils.
4. Transplantation: graft rejection, types of grafts,types of rejection, mechanism of graft
rejection, graft versus host response.
5. Tumor immunology: classes of tumor antigens,immune response to tumor, approaches to
cancer immunotherapy , CAR-T cell therapy.
6. Autoimmune diseases
7. Immunological techniques: immuno-diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis,
radioimmunoassay, immunofluorescence, ELISA, Western blotting, FACS, ChIP assay,
FISH.
8. Vaccines : Passively acquired immunity,Principles of vaccination, Killed organisms as
vaccines,Live attenuated organisms, Subunit vaccines, Newer approaches to vaccine
development, Current vaccines,Vaccines under development
Reference:
1. Essential immunology; Ivan Roitt, 13 th edition
2. Kuby-Immunology 8th edition
3. Fundamental Immunology; William E. Paul 7th edition
CCTP-9, BCH-313: Recombinant DNA Technology [48L + 12T]
Section I: [24L + 6T]
1.Isolation and Quantification of DNA
2. Genetic engineering concepts: Early development in genetics, concept of gene cloning and
its importance.
3. Promoter analysis. Chip-seq assay, EMSA
4. Manipulation of DNA: Enzymes in genetic engineering, Restriction endonucleases,
restriction map, Ligase, polymerase modifying enzymes, ligation; putting sticky ends to
blunt ended molecules.
5. Cloning and expression vectors: Vectors for E. coli: Plasmids, M 13 bacteriophage vectors,
λ bacteriophage,. Eukaryotic cloning vectors: Cloning vectors for yeast, cloning vectors
for higher plants, Ti plasmid, cloning vectors for insects, viruses as cloning vectors for
mammals.
6. Introduction of DNA in living cells: Transformation/ transfection methods, identification
of recombinants. Selection of recombinant DNA.
7. Construction of genomic and cDNA library.
8. Expression of foreign gene: gene expression in E. coli, production of recombinant
proteins in eukaryotes, fungi, yeast, mammalian and insect cells systems.
Section II: [24L + 6T]
1. Polymerase chain reaction: concept, types, methods and applications.
2. Sequencing genes and genomes: chain termination using ddNTPs, NGS: Oxford Nanopore,
PacBio and Illumina technologies, pyrosequencing.
3. Gene Expression analysis: qPCR: delta-delta Ct method, SYBR Green and TaqMan, NGS,
Northern bolting,
4. Transgenic animals: Gene transfer strategies, production of recombinant proteins and other
applications.
5. Protein Engineering: In vitro mutagenesis, Oligonucleotide directed, PCR based,
applications of protein engineering.
6. Study of genomes: genome annotations, study of transcriptome, proteome.
7. RNA interference: miRNA, siRNA.
8. Genome editing: Meganucleases, talen, Zinc finger nucleases, CRISPR/Cas9
9. Reporter Genes, GUS assay.
10. Human genome project: Project period and accomplishment, Genome mapping approach,
Application and proposed benefits, Ethical, Social and legal issues.
Reference Books
1. Gene cloning- An introduction, T.A Brown, 2nd and 3rd ed, Chapman &Hall.
2. Recombinant DNA- genes and genomes a short course JD Watson, R.M.Myers,
A.M.Caudy, J.A.Witkowski, WH Freeman &Co. 2007 (II/ III rded)
3. Principles of gene manipulation, SB Primrose.
4. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, K Wilson and J
Walker, 7th edn
5. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Fourth Edition) Michael R. Green & Joseph
Sambrook
6. Genetic Engineering, SmitaRastogi, Neelam Pathak, Oxford University press, 2009.
CBOP-3, BCH-314: (Any one subject) ,
BCH-314(A): Bio-processing and Industrial Biochemistry [48L + 12T]
OR BCH-314(B): Pharmacology and Forensic Biochemistry [48L + 12T]
CBOP-3, BCH-314(A): Bio-processing and Industrial Biochemistry [24L + 6T]
Section I: Bio-processing [24L + 6T]
1. Characteristics of industrial microorganisms
2. Strain improvement, use of auxotrophic mutants
3. Methods and parameters of cultivation of microorganisms , media for industrial
fermentation
4. Fermenters, design of fermenters, fermentation process, and maintenance of aseptic
conditions, aeration and agitation.
5. Downstream processing, recovery and purification of fermentation products, effluent
treatment.
6. Applications of fermentation technology.
7. Manufacturing by fermentative process: beer, Citric acid, Glutamic acid, lipase, Penicillin,
L-asparginase, cephalosporin.
Reference Books
1. Principles of Fermentation technology, PF Stanbury, A Whitaker, SJ Hall (2008)
2. Molecular biology and biotechnology- edited by JM Walker and FB Gingold, Royal
society of chemistry 5th edition (2009)
3. Industrial Microbiology – Casida 2nd edition (2016).
4. General Microbiology Stainer R.Y. et al (1987) 5th Ed., Macmillan Press Ltd. London
Section II: Industrial Biochemistry [24L + 6T]
1. Media requirements: Sterilization and role of growth regulators, Requirements of aplant
tissue culture laboratory.
2. PTC Techniques: Callus and cell suspension culture, Micropropogation, Conditioning of
tissue culture plants (weaning and hardening),Somatic cell hybridization, Haploid (anther)
culture, Embryo culture, Protoplast fusion, Somatic embryogenesis, Somaclonal
variations, Cybrids and Allopheny, Agrobacterium mediated hairy root culture
3. Active principles in medicinal plants and phytochemistry of the metabolites of medicinal
importance.
Animal tissue culture
1. Media requirements: preparation of medium and sterilization techniques, Advantages and
disadvantages of natural and synthetic media.
2. Cell culture methods: Hanging drop, suspension and monolayer culture, Behavior and
characteristics of cells in culture, Primary and established cell lines, characteristics of
transformed cells, Methods of cell preservation.
3. ATC techniques: Primary cultures and secondary cultures, cloning, heterocaryons, variant
cells, contact inhibitions, Organ culture and cell and tissue banking
Reference Books:
1. Principle and practice of Animal tissue culture by SudhaGangal, 2nd edition (2010).
2. Tissue Culture by John Paul, 4th edition (1970).
3. Plant cell tissue and Organ culture by Gamborg Phillips (1995).
4. Plant tissue culture basic and applied T B JhaandB Gosh (2005).
5. Culture of Animal Cells by Ian Freshney 6th edition (2011)
CBOP-3, BCH-314(B): Pharmacology and Forensic Biochemistry [48L +
12T]
Section I: Pharmacology [24L + 6T]
1. Concept of evidence-based medicine, Importance of Biochemistry and pharmacy:
Metabolites and anti-metabolites;
2. Drugs - Classification of drugs, routes of drug administration. Receptor interaction,
involvement of binding forces in drug receptor interaction, drug action not mediated by
receptors
3. Pharrmacokinetic considerations: drug absorption, distribution, biotransformations and
excretion
4. Pharmacokinetic concepts of bioavailability, apparent volume of distribution (aVd), half
life (t½), and clearance (CL) that are used to decide the doses and rational dosing during
the drug treatment.
5. Pharmacodynamics; site and mechanism of drug action, drug receptors and receptor
regulation, concepts of agonists, antagonists, partial agonist and inverse agonist drugs
6. Drug interactions and concept of pharmacogenomics/-genetics in drug action, effects and
ADRs
7. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and role of pharmacovigilance activity in ADR monitoring
8. Drug Development: Challenges, Discovery, use of genomes for drug discovery, stages of
drug development.
Section II: Forensic Biochemistry [24L + 6T]
1. Forensic Toxicology: - Introduction and concept of forensic toxicological. Different areas
of toxicology, spectrum of toxic dose, risk and safety. Classification of toxic agents,
characteristics of exposure, route and site of exposure. Duration of frequency of exposure.
Spectrum of undesired effects: Allergic reactions, Idiosyncratic reactions, Immediate
verses delayed toxicity, Reversible verses irreversible toxicity, Local verses systemic
toxicity. Interaction of chemicals, Tolerance, Dose response. Selective toxicity.
2. Evaluation of Toxicity: Descriptive Animal toxicity tests: Acute lethality, Sub acute, sub
chronic and chronic toxicity testing. Teratology and reproduction, Mutagenecity.
3. Biotransformation of toxicants: Phase I and II biotransformation reactions, Detoxication
and toxication. Components of Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system. Mechanism of
phase I and II reactions. Bioactvation, Toxicity of insecticides/drugs i.e. carbamates,
organophosphorous, and chlorinated insecticides metals, animal and plant toxins, solvents
and vapors.
4. Applications of toxicology: forensic, clinical and occupational health and industrial
hygeine
5. Enzymes in forensic biochemistry, role of DNA in analysis, role of enzymes to determine
the times since death.
Reference books:
1. Haye’s principles and methods of Toxicology Ed. A Wallace Hayes, Pub. Raven press,
NY, 6th Edition (2014).
2. Casarett and Doull’s Toxicology ed. John Doull, Curtio D Kleassen and Mary D Aunder,
McMillan publisher Co, NY, 3rd edition (2003).
3. Appraisal of the safety of chemicals in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Ed. The Editorial
Committee of Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States (1959).
4. Toxicology- Mechanisms and analytical methods, Vol I and II, ed Stewart CP and Stolman
A, Pub Academic press (1960).
5. Veterinary toxicology by RJ Garner edBeilliere, tindall and Cox London, 3rd edition
(2007). 6. The chemistry and microbiology of pollution (1975) IJ Higgins and RG Burns
Acad Press, NY 7. Introduction to ecological biochemistry JB HarboneAcad Press, NY 4th
edition (2004).
CCPP-3, BCH- 315: Practical, Molecular Biology and Immunological
techniques
[96L + 24T]
Molecular Biology
1. Melting Temperature
2. Spectrophotometric analysis of nucleic acids
3. Primer Designing
4. DNA amplification (PCR)
5. Isolation of plasmid DNA
6. Restriction digestion of DNA
7. Ligation
8. Competent cell preparation
9. Transformation
10. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and molecular size determination.
Immunological techniques.
1. Blood group typing, Rh blood typing
2. Ouchterlony double diffusion assay
3. Single Radial immunodiffusion
4. Immunoelectrophoresis
5. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis
6. ELISA
7. WIDAL Test
8. Lateral flow immunodiffisuion assay
9. Separation and purification of Immunoglobulin
10. Western Blotting (Demo Experiment)
11. Quantitative precipitin assay
12. Reverse blood grouping
SEMESTER IV
CCTP-10, BCH-411: Neurochemistry& Endocrinology [48L + 12T]
Section I: Neurochemistry [24L + 6T]
1. Brain and behavior, Nerve cells and behavior
2. Anatomical organization: Central nervous system, spinal cord, different regions of the
brain, peripheral and autonomic nervous system afferent and efferent pathways.
5. Theories regarding origin of mitochondria and chloroplast, the five kingdom classification
of living organisms, outline of eukaryote evolution- evolution of primates.
6. Construction of phylogenetic trees- molecular data set based on sequences
7. Evolution of proteins and nucleic acid – elastic analysis.
8. Evolution of introns
9. Evolutionary view of exon domain relationships
Section II: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY [24L + 6T]
1) Basic concepts of development : Potency, commitment, specification, induction,
competence, determination and differentiation; morphogenetic gradients; cell fate and cell
lineages; stem cells; genomic equivalence and the cytoplasmic determinants; imprinting;
mutants and transgenics in analysis of development
2) Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes, cell surface
molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals; embryo sac development and double
fertilization in plants; zygote formation, cleavage, blastula formation, embryonic fields,
gastrulation and formation of germ layers in animals; embryogenesis, establishment of
symmetry in plants; seed formation and germination.
3) Morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals : Cell aggregation and differentiation in
Dictyostelium; axes and pattern formation in Drosophila, amphibia and chick;
organogenesis – vulva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans, eye lens induction, limb
development and regeneration in vertebrates; differentiation of neurons, post embryonic
development- larval formation, metamorphosis; environmental regulation of normal
development; sex determination.
4) Programmed cell death, aging and senescence
5) Developmental Biology—Cell differentiation, hierarchy of genes, measurement of time
during development, nature of differentiation, DNA rearrangements& amplification,
genetic control of morphogenesis, plant molecular genetics.
Reference Books:
1. Evolution and Diversity of life, E. Mayer Belknap Press Pub, 1976
2. Population species and evolution (1973), E Mayer Press Pub.
3. Biochemistry ,Lehninger 7th edition, (2012) Worth pub
4. Origin of Eukaryotic cells, Margulis L.(1977)
5. Developmental Biology: Scott F. Gilbert.
6 . Evolution and Diversity of life, E. Mayer Belknap Press Pub, 1976
7. Population species and evolution (1973), E Mayer Press Pub.
8. Origin of Eukaryotic cells, Margulis L.(1977)
CBOP-4 , BCH-413 (B): Clinical Nutrition and Food Technology
[48L + 12T]
Section I: Clinical Nutrition: [24L + 6T]
1. Diet and nutrition in India: Assessment of nutritional status
2. Food and Nutritional Security
3. Effects of irradiation, cooking, refining, sprouting and fermentation on nutritional
quality of food
4. Food Habits, Food Faddism and Nutrition
5. Interrelationship between dietary lipids and cholesterol metabolism
6. Malnutrition
7. Weight Management and Eating Disorders
8. Nutrition and Anemia
9. Food Allergy
10. Nutrition and metabolic disorders: Diabetic and Obesity
11. Factors affecting digestion and absorption of food
(2010).
Section-II, Research Methodology [48L + 12T]
1. Preparation of Research Proposal for submitted tothe funding agencies. (Submit it as
report)
2. Review of Research work being carried out at any five National/ International Research
Centers or Institutes/Research institute visit report
3. Use of Excel for calculation and Graph
a) Measurement of Central Tendency ( Mean, Median, Mode)
b) Measurement of Dispersion/variability( Mean Deviation, Standard Deviation, Co
efficient of variation)
c) Line Graph, Bar graph. Pie chart
5. Tool plagiarism detection
4. Research Paper analysis
a) Analysis of data (including graph, table, figure, Method/technique/instrument) (Using
MS word of Similar software Brief Report 1 page)
b) Presentation of Research Paper (15 minute power point presentation)
CCPP-4, BCH-415: (Project) [96L + 24T]
GUIDELINE TO CARRY OUT PROJECTWORK
1. The main purpose of introduction Project Work at MSc Part II is to make the
studentsfamiliar with Research Methodology i.e. reference work, experimental work,
statisticalanalysis of experimental data, interpretation of results obtained, writing of
project workand compilation of bibliography in proper order. This will not only help train
the inquisitive minds of the students, but also inspire them to take up research- oriented
higher studies and career.
2. Duration of Project work: -
Development on the nature of the research problem and the infrastructure available in the
respective Biochemistry Departments or Research Institutes or Industries, the duration of
Project Work in recommended as follows:-
a. 06 Months (Equivalent to 96L + 24T): - The project work will commence immediately
after the conclusion of Semester II of M. Sc Part – I.
b. Each student shall complete a small research project during his/ her academic year of M.
Sc Part- II. However, the initial reference work can be started in M.Sc Part- I and summer
vacation.
4. Nature of Research Project:-
The following will be considered as the Research Project.
a. Experimental based involving laboratory analytical work, or
b. Industrial training based provided that the candidate has undergone actual hands on
training in instrumental analytical techniques.
5. Schedule for Submission of project Work:-
a. Experiment work or Industrial training must be completed by October 31.
b. The duration of Diwali Vacation and the part of Sem IV up to December 31 shall be
utilized for finalizing the written contents of the project work.
c. The final copy of the project work (3 Copies) will have to submit to the respective HOD by
January end of Sem IV.
6. The project containing about 20-30 pages (A4 size paper with normal margins). Should be
divided into the following parts: -
a. Certification of completion of Project Work from the HOD.
b. Acknowledgement.
c. Introduction
d. Review of Related Literature
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