CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

(CBCS)

M. Sc.

Syllabus for Chemistry

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 ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

Department of Chemistry, IGNTU, Amarkantak

The Department of Chemistry was started in 2008, and has now grown into a major
department for teaching and research within the Faculty of Science at IGNTU. The
department offer vibrant atmosphere to students and faculty to encourage the spirit of
scientific inquiry and to pursue cutting-edge research in a highly encouraging environment.
The key objective of our department is to create good quality human resource through
competitive yet inspiring environment for developing their careers. Currently, the department
comprises more than hundred students, five research scholar and seven faculties and a
dedicate team of staff members. The department offers three years undergraduate B.Sc.
courses in Chemistry (Hons.) in the University. In addition it also offers two years M. Sc. and
PhD programme. At present the Department consists of about seven research groups working
in the areas of material chemistry (Functional Hybrid Nanomaterials), coordination/
supramolecular chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, asymmetric synthesis, catalysis,
nanomagnetism and Single Molecule Magnets (SMMs), as major thrust areas. The
department is doing well in research activities and published good numbers of research
papers. The faculty has been undertaking research projects sponsored by different national
agencies such as DST, UGC, etc. The most important achievement of the University is the
first Department of Chemistry has succeeded “DST-FIST Program – 2017” recognition
from Govt. of India, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi. Many students have
been qualified National Eligibility Test (NET) and Joint Admission Test (JAM) Examination
for pursuing PhD and M. Sc. Program in different prestigious IIT, NIT and Central
Universities. The most of the students of our department is tribal and our mission is that the
department of Chemistry can be reached at highest level in the country for its teaching and
research activities and produced number of best quality of students in India.

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 At a Glance Department of Chemistry, IGNTU
Faculty Profile
Presentation Name & Designation Research Area Awards and
Honors

Dr. Tanmay K Ghorai Nanoscience, BOYSCAST

Associate Professor & Catalysis & Single Fellowship & Young
Head Molecule Magnets Scientist Award
PhD: IIT-KGP (DST)

Dr. Subrata Jana Molecular Radhika Panda

Associate Professor Recognition & Memorial Award,
PhD: IIEST-Shibpur Supramolecular UrFU PDF Award
Chemistry

Dr. Khemchand Nanostructure BSR-UGC Start-Up

Dewangan Transition Metal Grant
Assistant Professor Oxides & Nitrides
PhD: IIT-Kanpur

Dr. Adhish Jaiswal Dieletrics, Best Research

Assistant Professor Magnetism & Solar- Scholar Award in
PhD: NCL-Pune cell NCL Pune

Dr. Biswajit Maji Asymmetric INSPIRE Faculty

Assistant Professor Synthesis and Award, President
PhD: IIT-KGP Catalysis INSPIRE Teacher
Recognition

Dr. Sadhucharan Mallick Metal Nano Best Poster Award

Assistant Professor Particles, Polymer at IICT Hyderabad
PhD: IITGuwahati Composites & Bio
applications

Dr. Ajay Shankar Nano- Post- Doctoral

Assistant Professor magnetism fellowship Award at
PhD: NPL, Delhi Germany

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Members of the Board of Studies

For

Revised the Chemistry Syllabus for

M. Sc. Courses

According

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

(CBCS)

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5|Page
 Course Structure for M.Sc.
CHEMISTRY
1 credit = 1 hour per week for Theory and 2 hours per week for Laboratory
Course Course
Title of Paper Credit
Code Structure
SEMESTER-I
CHM T 411 Core Catalysis-, Surface-, Electro- Chemistry & Chemical Kinetics 4
CHM T 412 Core Transition and Inner Transition Metal Chemistry 4
CHM T 413 Core Organic Reaction Mechanism and Stereochemistry 4
CHM P 411 Core Inorganic Chemistry Practical - I 2
CHM P 412 Core Organic Chemistry Practical - I 2
Generic/Open Elective Course – I (any one course from
GE/OE – I 3
elective section offered by Dept. of Chemistry)
SEMESTER-II
CHM T 421 Core Quantum-, Statistical-Mechanics, Symmetry & Group Theory 4
CHM T 422 Cora Chemistry of Organmetallics 4
CHM T 423 Core Principle of Organic Synthesis and Organic Spectroscopy 4
CHM P 421 Core Physical Chemistry Practical - I 2
CHM P 422 Core Organic Chemistry Practical - II 2
Generic/Open Elective Course – II (any one course from
GE/OE – II 3
elective section offered by Dept. of Chemistry)
SEMESTER-III
Chemical Bonding, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and Solid
CHM T 511 Core 4
State Chemistry
CHM T 512 Core Bio-Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry 4
Pericyclic Reaction, Photochemistry and Free Radical
CHM T 513 Core 4
Chemistry
Discipline Specific Elective Paper – I (any one course from
DSE – I 3
elective section offered by Dept. Of Chemistry)
CHM P 511 Core Physical Chemistry Practical – II 2
CHM P 512 Core Inorganic Chemistry Practical – II 2
SEMESTER-IV
CHM T 521 Core Molecular Spectroscopy 4
Discipline Specific Elective Paper – II (any one course from
DSE – II 3
elective section offered by Dept. Of Chemistry)
Discipline Specific Elective Paper – III (any one course from
DSE – III 3
elective section offered by Dept. Of Chemistry)
CHM P 522 Core Project and Dissertation 8
Grand Total (Semester I – IV) 75

GE: Generic Elective; OE: Open Elective; DSE: Discipline Specific Elective

*Generic/Open Elective Course opted by the Other Department students

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 Elective Course

Course Course
Title of Paper Credit
Code Structure
CHM T 601 Elective Mathematics for Chemist 3
CHMT 602 Elective Biology for Chemist 3
CHM T 603 Elective Industrial Chemistry 3
CHM T 604 Elective Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3
CHM T 605 Elective Basic of Materials Chemistry 3
CHM T 606 Elective Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 3
CHM T 607 Elective Polymers Chemistry 3
CHM T 608 Elective Bioorganic and Drug Chemistry 3
CHM T 609 Elective Advanced Heterocyclic Chemistry 3
CHM T 610 Elective Chemistry of Natural Products 3
CHM T 611 Elective Solid State Chemistry 3
CHM T 612 Elective Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry 3

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 SEMESTER – I
CHM T 411: Catalysis-, Surface-, Electro- Chemistry & Chemical Kinetics
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous Catalysis (Surface Reactions): Kinetics of uni-molecular reactions-

inhibition and activation energy. Bimolecular surface reactions - reactions between a gas
molecule and an adsorbed molecule, reaction between two adsorbed molecules. Effect of
temperature on surface reaction promoters and poisons.
(10 Hours)
Unit – 2: Homogeneous Catalysis
Kinetics Homogeneous Catalysis: Nature of surface, concept of active centers. Kinetics of
enzymatic reactions: Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver-Burk and Eadie Analyses,
enzyme inhibition (competitive, non-competitive and uncompetitive inhibition), effect of
temperature and pH of enzymatic reaction; acid – base catalysis and their mechanism.
(10 Hours)
Unit – 3: Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry of Solution: Debye-Hückel treatment for mean ionic activity coefficient

and and its extension, ion solvent interaction and Debye-Hückel-Baerrum model.
Thermodynamic of electrified interfaces, electrocapillary measurement of interfacial tension,
derivations Lippmann equation (surface excess) and determination of surface excess.
Structure of electrified interfaces, Helmholtz-Perrin, Gouy-Chapmann, Stern models,
Graham-Devanathan Mottwatts, Tobin, Bockris, Devanathan Models.

Over Potential: Exchange current density, derivation of Butler-Volmer equation, Tofel plot.
Quantum aspect of charge transfer at electrodes-solution interfaces, quantization of charge
transfer, tunneling.

Corrosion: Introduction to corrosion, homogeneous theory, forms of corrosion, corrosion

monitoring and prevention method.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 4: Surface Chemistry

Surface Tension: Capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace
equation), vapor pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm,
estimation of surface area (BET equation), surface film and liquids (electro-kinetic
phenomenon), catalytic activities at surface.

Surface Active Agents: Classification of surface active agents. Micellization, hydrophobic

interaction, critical micellar concentration (CMC), factor affecting the CMC of surfactants,
counter ion binding to micelles, thermodynamics of micellization-phase separation and mass
action models, solubilization, micro-emulsion reverse micelles.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 5: Chemical Kinetics

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Rate law, method of determining rate laws, General feature of fast reactions, study of fast
reaction by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis and the nuclear magnetic
resonance method.

Reactions in Gas Phase: Theories of Reaction Rates- Arrhenius theory, collision theory and
transition state theory, potential energy surface, enthalpy, free energy and entropy of
activation, correlation of steric factor in collision theory and entropy of activation
(Thermodynamic parameter). Uni-molecular reactions: Lindeman-Hinshelwood theory, Rice-
Ramsperger-Kasssel (RRK) theory, Rice- Ramsperger-Kassel- Marcus(RRKM) theory.

Elementary Reactions in Solution: Comparison between gas-phase and solution-phase

reactions, factor determining reaction rates in solution; ionic reaction [influence of solvent,
influence of ionic strength (salt effect)] ; Linear Free Energy Relationships, (LFER), Effect of
substituent on reaction rates (Hammet relationships). Kinetics of isotopic effect.

Dynamic of Molecular Motion: probing the transition state, dynamics of barrier-less

chemical reaction in solution.

Chain Dynamic: (hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition of

ethane), photochemical (hydrogen-bromine and hydrogen-chlorine reaction), and Oscillatory
reaction, autocatalysis (Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction).
(16 Hours)
Reference Books:
 K. J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, Eds: 3rd, Pearson, 2011.
 J Rajaram and J. C. Kuriacose: Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chemical
Transformations Applications of Femto-chemistry, MacMillan, New Delhi, 2011.
 B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathania: Principle of Physical Chemistry, Eds.
44th, Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar, 2010.
 P. Atkins and J. D. Paula: Physical Chemistry, Eds. 7th, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi, 2002.
 R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross: Physical Chemistry, Eds: 2nd, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi, 2007.
 J. O’M Bockris, A. K. N. Reddy and M. Gamboa-Aldeco: Modern Electrochemistry
Vol-1 and Vol-2, Springer, 2006.
 D. R Crow: Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry, Eds. 4th, Blackie
Academic & Professional, Madras, 1994.
 V. S. Bagotsky: Fundamental of Electrochemistry, Wiley-Interscience, 2006.

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 CHM T 412: Transition and Inner Transition Metal Chemistry
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Coordination Chemistry

Experimental evidence of metal-ligand overlap, spin orbit coupling constant and

interelectronic coupling parameters in complex ion terms-vs-free ion terms, Nephelauxetic
effect, d-orbital splitting in octahedral, Jahn-Teller distortd octahedral, square planar, square
pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, and tetrahedral complexes, CFSE for d1 to d10 systems,
pairing energy, low-spin and high-spin complexes and magnetic properties, Crystal field
activation energy, hole formalism, Tetrahedral distortion and Jahn Teller effect, Static and
Dynamic Jahn-Teller effect, Effect of crystal field stabilization on ionic radii, lattice energy,
hydration enthalpy and stabilization of complexes (Irving Williams order). Colour and
spectra, Kinetic aspects of crystal field stabilization. adjusted CFT, Limitations of CFT,
Labile and inert complexes.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 2: Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes

Microstates, Russell-sander’s terms, determination of ground and excited state terms of dn

ions; Orgel diagrams (qualitative approach) and Tanabe-Sugano diagram, selection rules for
spectral transitions, d-d spectra of dn ions and crystal field parameters, nephelauxetic series,
Electronic Spectra UV-Vis, charge transfer, colors, intensities and origin of spectra. MOT to
rationalize σ and π interactions in octahedral, square planar and tetrahedral metal complexes.
Symmetry designations of LGOs and MOs. Simplified MO diagrams.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 3: Magneto Chemistry

Basic principles of magnetism, Magnetic properties, paramagnetism, ferro- and antiferro

magnetism, diamagnetism, Pascal constants, Currie equation, determination of magnetic
susceptibility, application of Van Vleck susceptibility equation, Magnetic properties and
coordination compounds Spin and orbital moments, spin – orbit coupling, quenching of
orbital moment, spin only formula, room temperature and variable temperature magnetic
moments and spin crossover. Magnetic properties of first transition series metal ions,
lanthanides and actinides, Lanthanide and actinide contractions and their consequences,
separation of lanthanides and actinides and their applications (examples). magnetic exchange
interactions. ESR spectroscopy, Basic concept of Single Molecule Magnets (SMM),
properties, examples and application of SMMs.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 4: Inorganic Reaction Mechanism

Mechanism of substitution reactions, solvent exchange, aquation, anation, base hydrolysis,

acid catalyzed aquation, pseudo-substitution. Energy profile diagram of ligand substitution
reactions- associative (A), dissociative (D), interchange (I) etc. type pathways, relation
between intimate and stoichiometric mechanisms of ligand substitution, some important rate
laws, activation parameters (∆S#, ∆H#, ∆V#), mechanism of isomerization reaction-linkage
isomerism, cis-trans isomerism, intramolecular and intermolecular racimization, Ray-Dutta
and Bailar twist mechanisms, substitution in octahedral complexes- the Eigen-Wilkins
mechanism, the Fuoss-Eigen equation, linear free energy relation (LFER) etc. Mechanism of

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electron transfer reactions: General characteristics and classification of redox reactions, self-
exchange reactions. Frank-condon principle (non mathematical treatment). Outer sphere and
Inner sphere reactions, applications of Marcus expression (simple form), redox catalyzed
substitution reactions.
(12 Hours)
Unit - 5: Chemistry of Elements

d-Block Elements: Electronic configuration, oxidation states; aqueous, redox and

coordination chemistry, spectral and magnetic properties of compounds in different oxidation
states, horizontal and vertical trends in respect of 3d, 4d, and 5d elements with references to
Ti-Zr- Hf , V-Nb-Ta, Cr- Mo- W, Mn-Tc-Re and Pt group metals. Occurrence and isolation
in respect of V, Mo, W, Re, Pt. Iso-and heteropolyoxometalates with respect to V, Mo, and
W: synthesis, reactions, structures, uses, metal-metal bonded dinuclear d-metal complexes
(examples), Bonding in dirhenium complexes.

Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Radicals

Introduction to salt analysis, dry and wet test for acid and basic radicals, Principle and
chemistry of qualitative analysis of inorganic salt; chemistry involved in qualitative analysis
of mixture containing interfering radicals and insolubles.
(12 Lectures)
Reference Books:
 J. D. Lee: A new Concise Inorganic Chemistry, E L. B. S.
 D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
 Douglas, McDaniel and Alexander: Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry,
John Wiley.
 B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, and K. C. Kalia: Principle of Inorganic Chemistry,
Milestone Publisher, New Delhi 2010.
 W. U. Malik, G. D. Tuli, and R. D. Madan: Selected Topic in Inorganic Chemistry, S.
Chand & Company Ltd, New Delhi, 1998.
 J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, and O. K. Medhi: Inorganic Chemistry
Principle of Structure and Reactivity, Eds: 4th Pearson, New Delhi, 2006.
 F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann: Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry, Eds: 6th, Wiley-India, New Delhi, 2010.

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 CHM T 413: Organic Reaction Mechanism and Stereochemistry
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Physical Organic Chemistry

(i) Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements of a reaction: Transition state theory,

Hammond’s postulate, Kinetic vs Thermodynamic control
(ii) Acids and Bases
(iii) Determining the mechanism of a reaction: Detection and trapping of intermediates,
Cross-over experiments, kinetic isotopic effect-primary kinetic and secondary
kinetic isotopic effect
(12 Hours)

Unit – 2: Substitution, Addition, and Elimination Reactions

Substitution Reaction: Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution- SN1, SN2, SNi mechanism,

classical and nonclassical carbocations, phenonium ions, NGP-in substation reactions. Effect
of solvent, structure, nucleophile and leaving group on rate of SN1, and SN2 reaction.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution and Nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. Mechanism and
stereo chemical aspects of substitution reactions.
Addition Reaction: Addition to carbon-carbon multiple bonds, addition to carbon-heteroatom
multiple bonds, electrophilic, nucleophilic and free radical addition reactions. Mechanism
and stereo chemical aspects of addition reactions.
Elimination Reaction: E1, E2, E1cb mechanisms, orientation and stereochemistry in
elimination reaction, reactivity effect of structure, attacking and leaving group, competition
between elimination and substitution, syn-eliminations.
(14 Hours)

Unit – 3: Symmetry Operation and Stereoisomerism

Simple or proper axis of symmetry, plane of symmetry, centre of symmetry and improper or
rotation-reflection of symmetry. Enantiomerism and diastereomerism, conventions for
configurations D-L and R-S systems, Threo and erythro nomenclature. Measurement of
optical purity, enantiomeric excess. Stereoselective and Stereospecific reactions. Molecules
with tri- and tetra coordinated chiral centres. Molecules with two or more chiral centres.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 4: Chirality and Conformations

Axial and Planar Chirality: Principles of axial and planar chirality. Stereochemistry of
allenes, Stereochemistry of biphenyl derivatives and atropisomers. Stereochemistry of
spiranes, Stereochemistry of molecules with planar chirality, Helicity.

Conformations & Stereoisomerism of Acyclic and Cyclic Systems: Molecular mechanics

and conformations, Conformations of a few acyclic molecules, Conformations of cyclic
systems: monocyclic compounds (mono, di- and poly substituted cyclohexanes);
Conformations of fused ring and bridged ring compounds.
(10 Hours)

Unit – 5: Dynamic Stereochemistry

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Conformation and Reactivity: Conformation, reactivity and mechanism: Cyclic systems
(Nucleophilic substitution reaction at ring carbon, Addition reaction to double bonds,
Elimination reactions, NGP reactions). Conformation, reactivity and mechanism: Acyclic
systems (addition, Elimination and NGP participation). Formation and reaction of enols and
enolates. Reduction of cyclohexanes with hydride reagents.

Stereoselective Reactions: Principle of stereoselectivity, asymmetric synthesis and

asymmetric induction, Acyclic stereoselections (addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl
compounds, aldol reactions, addition to allyl metal and allyl boron compound to carbonyl
compounds), Diastereoselections in cyclic systems (Nucleophilic addition to cyclic ketones,
alkylations, catalytic hydrogenations).
(12 Hours)

Reference Books:

 J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers: Organic Chemistry, Oxford

 J. March: Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition
 A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg: Advance Organic Chemistry (part A)
 Paula Y Bruice: Organic Chemistry
 E.L. Eliel: Stereochemistry of carbon compound
 Nasipuri: Stereochemistry of organic compound
 Peter Sykes: Guide book to Reaction Mechanism

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 CHM P 411: Inorganic Chemistry Practical – I
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
A. Qualitative Analysis
Semi-micro qualitative analysis of mixture containing eight radicals including two less
common metal from among the following:
(1) Basic Radicals: Ag+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, As3+, Sb3+, Sn4+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Mn2+,
Co2+, Ni2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Ce3+, Th4+, Zr4+, W6+, Te4+, Ti4+, Mo6+, V5+, Be2+.
(2) Acid Radicals : Carbonate, Sulphite, Sulphide, Nitrite, Nitrate, Acetate, Fluoride.
Chloride, Bromide, Iodide, Sulphate, Borate, Oxalate, Phosphate, Silicate, Thiosulphate,
Ferrocyanide, Ferricyanide, Thiocyanide, Chromate, Arsenate and Permanganate.

B. Chromatographic Separation

 Use paper chromatography to separate and identify the metal ion components of an
unknown solution.
 Chromatographic separation of sugars, amino acids by paper, T.L.C. and Ion
exchange.

C. Standard Deviation

 Calculation of standard deviation from the results obtained by redox titration of

Fe(III) against standard solution of K2Cr2O7.
 Calculation of standard deviation from the results obtained by complexometry method
of hardness (Ca2+) of water using EDTA.

Reference Books:

 A.I. Vogel: Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall, 7th Edn.

 A.I. Vogel: Quantitative Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall, 6th Edn.
 B.D. Khosla: Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.
 P. C. Comboj: University Practical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co. Jalandhar.

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 CHM P 412: Organic Chemistry Practical – I
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
Part A: Techniques of Separation and Purification

 Fractional Distillation of a mixture of liquids

 Distillation under reduced pressure
 Chromatographic separation (Paper chromatography and Thin Layer
Chromatography)

Part B: Analysis of Organic Binary Mixture

 Separation and Identification of organic compounds from the given binary mixtures.
(Complete study of determination of organic compound with melting point and
preparation of a suitable derivative)
Part C: Preparation of Organic Compounds (Single Stage Preparation)
Representative reactions to be covered:
 Electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction (Friedel-Crafts Reaction, halogenation,
nitartion and sulphonation reaction)
 Acetylation reaction
 Diels-Alder reaction
 Condensation reaction
 Cannizzaro reaction
 Oxidation reaction
 Reduction reaction
 Rearrangement reaction
 Esterification
 Diazotization reaction
 Sandmeyer reaction
Reference Books:
 A. I. Vogel: Practical Organic Chemistry
 F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry
 J. Leonard, B. Lygo and G. Proctor: Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry.
 Addison Ault: Techniques and Experiments for Organic Chemistry, University
Science Book
 R. L. Shriner and D. Y. Curtin: The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds
 B. S. Roa and V. Deshpande: Experimental Biochemistry, I. K. Pvt. Ltd.
 V. K. Ahluwalia and Renu Aggarwal: Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Preparation and Qualitative Analysis
 Ghoshal, Mahapatra and Nad: An Advanced Course in Practical Chemistry.

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 SEMESTER – II

CHM T 421: Quantum-, Statistical- Mechanics, Symmetry & GroupTheory

Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Quantum Chemistry – I

Historic Background: Important historic background of quantum mechanics versus classical

mechanics, wave particle duality, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

Schrödinger Wave Equation: normalization and orthogonality of wave functions; time-

dependent and time-independent Schrödinger equations.

Operators: Operators and their algebra, linear and Hermitian operators, matrix
representation, commutation relationship, quantum mechanical operators for position, linear
momentum, angular momentum, total energy, eigenfunctions, eigenvalues and eigenvalue
equation; expansion of arbitrary state in term of complete set, postulates of quantum
mechanics.
Solution of the Schrödinger Equations for Some Exactly Soluble Systems: particle-in-a-
box; particle-in-a-ring and -sphere; harmonic oscillator; tunneling one dimensional potential
barrier and well.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 2: Quantum Chemistry – II

Rigid Rotor, spherical coordinates Schrödinger wave equation in spherical coordinates,

separation of the variables, the phi equation, wave-function, quantum number, the theta
equation, wave function, quantization of rotational energy, spherical harmonics.

Hydrogen and Hydrogen Like Atoms: Radial and angular probability distributions, atomic
orbitals.

Angular Momentum: Basis functions and representation of orbital angular momentum

operators, eigenfunctions, and eigenvalues of orbital angular momentum operator, Ladder
operator, Spin, spin angular momenta, coupling (orbital and spin) of angular momentum,
Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Wigner Eckart theorem.

Approximate Methods of Quantum Mechanics: Variational principle; time-independent

perturbation theory up to second order in energy for non-degenerate and degenerate system
with simple examples; application to the two electron system such as, He and He like atoms.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 3: Atomic Structure and Spectroscopic

Many electron atoms, Pauli antisymmetry principle, Hund’s rules; Slater determinant; Hatree
and Hatree-Fock self consistent field model for atom; electronic term symbol (Russell-
Saunders and jj coupling) for atoms and spectroscopic states (selection rules for atomic
spectra).
(12 Hours)
Unit – 4: Statistical Thermodynamics

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Concept of distribution, thermodynamic probability and most probable distribution.
Ensemble averaging, postulates of ensemble averaging; conical, grand conical and micro-
canonical ensembles. Boltzmann distribution laws (using Lagrange’s method of
undetermined multipliers). Partition function – translational, rotational, vibrational and
electronic partition functions, calculation of thermodynamic properties in term of partition
function, Applications of partition functions.

Heat capacity behavior of solid – chemical equilibria and equilibrium constant in term of
partition function. Fermi-Dirac statistics, distribution law and application to metal, Bose-
Einstein statistics, distribution law and application to helium.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 5: Symmetry & Group Theory
Symmetry elements and symmetry operations; point groups, Schoenflies notation for point
group, representation of group by matrix, character of a representation, reducible and
irreducible representation, great orthogonality theorem and its importance.
Application of group theory to atomic orbitals in ligand fields, molecular orbitals, and
hybridization. Selection rules for IR and Raman spectra, procedure for determining symmetry
of normal modes of vibration - hybrid orbitals in BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O and SF6.
(12 Hours)
Reference Books:

 Ira. N. Levine: Quantum Chemistry, Eds: 5th, PHI, 2000.

 A. K. Chandra: Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Eds: 4th, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi, 1994.
 P. Atkins and R. Friedman: Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Eds: 5th, Oxford
University Press, 2011.
 T. Engle and P. Reid: Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Pearson, New Delhi,
2011.
 B. Widom: Statistical Mechanics: A Concise Introduction for Chemist, Cambridge
University Press.
 K. J. Laidler, Chemical Kinetics, Eds: 3rd, Pearson, 2011.
 F. A. Cotton, Symmetry & Group Theory.

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 CHM T 422: Chemistry of Organometallics
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours

Unit – 1: Organometallics – I

Organo transition metal chemistry: History, Nature of metal – carbon bonding and definition
and classification of organometallic compounds, classification ligands, kinetic and
thermodynamic stability of organometallic compounds. Compounds with metal carbon σ and
multiple bond: Heptacity complexes of Metal-alkyl, -allyl, aryl, -carbene (Fischer and
Schrock type), -carbonyl, -carbines and cyclopentadienyl complexes Synthesis, bonding,
stability, reactivity and decomposition pathway, Reactions in organometallic compounds.
Stucture and bonding in η2-ethylenic and η3-allylic compounds with typical examples,
structure and bonding of K[Pt(C2H4)Cl3], [(Ph3P)2Pt(Ph-C≡C-Ph)]. Fluxional organometallic
compounds: Fluxionality and dynamic equilibria in compounds such as η2 olefins, η3 allyl
and dienyl complexes, techniques of study.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 2: Organometallics – II

Reactions of organometallic complexes: substitution, oxidative addition, reductive

elimination, insertion and elimination, electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of coordinated
ligands.
Catalysis by organometallic compounds: Hydrogenation of olefins, Wilkinson’s catalyst,
Tolman catalytic loop; synthesis gas, water-gas shift reaction; Hydroformylation (oxo
process), Monsanto acetic acid process, Wacker process; synthetic gasoline: Fischer-Tropsch
process and Mobile process, polymerization, oligomerization and metathesis reactions of
alkens and alkynes, Zieglar- Natta catalysis, photo dehydrogenation catalyst (platinum POP).
(12 Hours)

Unit – 3: Inorganic Rings, Cages and Clusters

Polymorphism of C, P and S. Structure and bonding in higher boranes and borohydrieds-

Lipscomb’s topological models, Wade`s rules, carboranes and metallocenecarboranes.
Metal-metal bonding (M.O. Approach), metal-metal single and multiple bonded compounds.
Low nuclearity (M3, M4) and high nuclearity (M5-M10) carbonyl clusters: skeletal electron
counting, Wade-Mingos-Louher rule, Application of isolobal and isoelectronic relationships,
Nb and Ta clusters, Mo and W clusters. Cluster compounds in catalysis.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 4: New Developments in Organometallics Chemistry Research

Construction, structure and property of compounds with specific topology in Organometallic

Chemistry: Capsules, boxes, containers, prisms or clusters, tubes, catenanes, rotaxanes,

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incorporation of metal atoms through metal-ligand coordination interactions, Various organic
ligands containing carboxy, imidazole or pyridine groups, which can coordinate with metal
atoms, have been used to generate the desired compounds (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu).
Particularly, flexible ligands with central aromatic core and imidazol-1-ylmethyl pendant
arms, e.g. 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene and its analogues,
Interesting properties: olecular recognition, ion inclusion and exchange of these compounds,
especially of the cage-like compounds, are described.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 5: Metal – ligand equilibria in solution

Stability of mononuclear, polynuclear and mixed ligand complexes in solution. Stepwise and
overall formation constants and their relations. Trends in stepwise formation constants,
factors affecting the stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of the metal
ions and ligands. Statistical and non-statistical factors influencing stability of complexes in
solution. Stability and reactivity of mixed ligand complexes with reference to chelate effect
and thermodynamic considerations. Macrocyclic and template effect. Spectrophotometric and
pH metric determination of binary formation constants.
(12 Hours)

Reference Books:

 J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, and O. K. Medhi: Inorganic Chemistry

Principle of Structure and Reactivity, Eds: 4th Pearson, New Delhi, 2006.
 F. A Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann: Advanced Inorganic
Chemistry, Eds: 6th, Wiley-India, New Delhi, 2010.
 D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
 Douglas, McDaniel and Alexader: Concepts and Models in Inorganic Chemistry,
John Wiley.
 Robert Crabtree: The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, 3rd Edition,
Wiley.
 Collman, Hegedus, Norton and Finke: The Principles and Applications of Transition
Metal Chemistry, 2nd Eds, University Science Books.
 Christoph Elschenbroich: Organometallics, 3rd Edition,
 Wei-Yin Sun, New Developments in Organometallics Chemistry, Wiley

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 CHM T 423: Principle of Organic Synthesis and Organic Spectroscopy
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Principles of Organic Synthesis

Acid Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Reaction: Principles, Self condensation of

alkenes, reactions of aldehydes and ketones, Friedel-Crafts reactions, Prins reaction and
Maanich reaction and Nef Reaction.
Base Catalyzed Reactions (Enolate Chemistry): Enolates: structure and stability of enolates,
Generation of enolates using Nucleophilic and non Nucleophilic bases. Kinetic and
Thermodynamic control of regioselectivity of enolates, Reactions of enolates. Alkylation and
acylation of enolates: Haloform reaction, HVZ reaction, Claisen condensation, Enolate of
active methylene compounds and corresponding alkylation reactions, Michael addition,
Robinson annulations reaction.
(12 Hours)
Unit – 2: Rearrangement and Organometallic Reactions

Rearrangement Reactions: Demjanov, Pummerer, Dienone-phenol rearrangement, Pinacol-

Pinacolone rearrangement, Fries rearrangement,Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement, Benzil-
Benzilic Acid Rearrangement, Beckmann Reaction, Curtius, Schmidt, Lossen, Hoffman and
Claisen rearrangement. Brook, Favorski, Neber, Von Richter, Sommelet Hauser and Wittig
rearrangement.
Organometallic Reagents: Organomagnesium and Lithium reagents (Preparations, uses and
applications), uses of Organomercury, organocadmium, organozinc and organocopper
compounds.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 3: Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectroscopy

Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: Factors affecting the position and intensity of UV bands – effect of
conjugation, steric factor, pH, solvent polarity. Calculation of absorption maxima by
Woodward-Fieser Rules (using Woodward-Fieser tables for values for substituent’s) for the
following classes of organic compounds: conjugated polyenes (cyclic and acyclic), enones
and substituted benzene derivatives.

Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamental, overtone and combination bands, vibrational coupling,

important group frequencies for the common functional groups.

Unit – 4: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Chemical shift, Factors affecting chemical

shift, Chemical and magnetic equivalence, Spin-spin coupling, Coupling constant J, Factors
affecting J, Karplus equation, First order spectra, Geminal, vicinal and long range coupling
(allylic and aromatic). 13C NMR, Heteronuclear coupling, 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Mass Spectrometry: Molecular ion peak, base peak, isotopic abundance, metastable ions.
Nitrogen rule, Determination of molecular formula of organic compounds based on isotopic
abundance and HRMS Fragmentation pattern in various classes of organic compounds
(including compounds containing hetero atoms), McLafferty rearrangement, Retro-Diels-
Alder reaction, ortho effect.
(14 Hours)

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Unit – 5: Structure Determination of Organic Compounds

Structure determination involving individual or combined use of the above spectral

techniques.
(10 Hours)

Reference Books:

 J. Clayden, N. Greeves, S. Warren and P. Wothers: Organic Chemistry, Oxford

 A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg: Advance Organic Chemistry (Part B).
 Parikh, Parikh and Parikh: Name reactions in Organic Synthesis, Foundation Books,
2006.
 G. Brahmachari: Organic Name Reactions, Narosa Publishers, 2009.
 J. J. Li: Name reactions in organic synthesis, 3rd Edition, SPRINGER 2006.
 Bessler and Silverstein: Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, JOHN WILEY, 2001.
 D. C. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G. S. Kriz: Introduction to Spectroscopy, 3rd Edition,
Thomson, 2007.
 William Kemp: Organic Spectroscopy, III Edition

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 CHM P 421: Physical Chemistry Practical – I
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
(i) Chemical Kinetics
(a) Kinetics of Reaction between ferric nitrate and potassium iodide using initial
reaction rates.
(b) Determination of the rate constant for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
by Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions.
(c) Flowing clock reactions (Experiments in physical Chemistry by Shoemaker).

(ii) Determination of CMC of the surfactant/CMC Concentration.

(iii) Determination of partial molal volume.

(iv) Determination of the isotherm for a three component system.

(v) (a) Spectrophotometric determination of acid dissociation constant.

(b) Formula and stability constant using spectrophotometry.

Reference Books:

 A. M. James and F. E. Prichard: Practical Physical Chemistry, Longman.

 B. P. Levi: Findley’s Practical Physical Chemistry,
 R. C. Das and B. Behera: Experimental Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill.
 D. P. Shoemaker, G. W. Garland and J. W. Niber: Experimental Physical chemistry,
Mc Graw Hill Interscience.
 A. J. Elias: A collection of Interesting General Chemistry Experiments, University
Press, India.
 J. Rose: Advanced Physico-Chemical Experiments, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd,
London.
 J. B. Yadav: Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Krishna Prakashan Media (P)
Ltd. Meerut.
 P. C. Comboj: University Practical Chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co. Jalandhar.

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 CHM P 422: Organic Chemistry Practical – II
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
Part A: Multi Step Synthesis of Organic Compounds
Multi step organic synthesis involving the concept of protecting groups and selectivity in
organic reaction. A Student must be involved to check TLC for monitoring the reaction
progress and doing column chromatography for purification.
Characterization of synthesized organic compoundsusing IR, UV and NMR, and mass
spectroscopic techniques are to be studied.

 Nitrobenzene→aniline→Acetanilide (Nitration and followed by reduction)

 Malonic acid→cinnamic acid→methyl cinnamate (Condensation reaction and next
followed by esterification)
 Benzaldehyde→benzoin→benzil→benzilic acid (Umpolung strategy, Oxidation
reaction and next benzylic acid rearrangement reaction)
 Aniline→benzenediazonium chloride→benzeneazo-2-naphthol (Azodye synthesis)
 Skraup’s synthesis: Quinoline from o-aminophenol (Heterocyclic compound synthesis)
 Acetanilide→p-acetamidobenzenesulfonylchloride→p-
acetamidobenzenesulfonamide→sulfanilamide (Sulfa Drug synthesis)
 cinnamaldehyde→cinnamyl alcohol→cinnamyl bromide→allyl-aryl ether synthesis
(Nucleophilic substitution reaction)

Part B: Extraction Method

 Natural product extraction: Solasidine, Caffeine, Nicotine, Peptine, Rosine,
Carotenoids, Computational methods of retro-synthetic analysis modeling and
calculation.

Reference Books:
 A. I. Vogel: Practical Organic Chemistry
 F. G. Mann and B. C. Saunders: Practical Organic Chemistry
 J. Leonard, B. Lygo and G. Proctor: Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry
 Addison Ault; Techniques and Experiments for Organic Chemistry, University Science
Book
 R. L. Shriner and D. Y. Curtin: The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds
 B. S. Roa and V. Deshpande: Experimental Biochemistry, I. K. Pvt. Ltd.
 V. K. Ahluwalia and Renu Aggarwal: Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry,
Preparation and Qualitative Analysis
 Nad, Mahapatra and Ghoshal: An Advanced Course in Practical Chemistry

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 SEMESTER – III

CHM T 511: Chemical Bonding, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics and

Solid State Chemistry
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Molecular Structure

Chemical bonding in diatomic; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Born-

Oppenheimer approximation, MO treatment for H2+ ion, MO treatment of homo- and hetero-
nuclear diatomic molecules; comparison of MO and VB theories. Hückel MO theory for
conjugated -systems. Polyatomic molecules, hybridisation and valence MOs of simple
molecule like H2O, NH3, CH4, C2H6 etc.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 2: Ab-initio Methods for Closed Shell Systems

Introductory treatment of semi-empirical and ab-initio calculations on molecular systems; the

Hartree-Fock Self-Consistent Field Method; the generation of optimized orbitals, Koopman’s
theorem (The Physical Significance of Orbital Energies), electron correlation energy; density
matrix analysis of the Hartree-Fock approximation, natural orbitals, matrix solution of the
Hartree-Fock equations (Roothaan’s equations); Hellman-Feynman theorem.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 3: Thermodynamics

Brief resume of concepts of laws of thermodynamics, free energy, chemical potential, and
entropies. Thermodynamics of open systems: partial molal properties, partial molal free
energy, partial molal volume and partial molal heat content and their significances.
Determination of these quantities. Concept of fugacity and determination of fugacity.
Non-ideal system: excess function for non ideal solutions. Activity, activity coefficient,
Debye-Hückel theory for activity coefficient of electrolytic solution; determination of activity
and activity coefficients; ionic strength.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 4: Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic criteria for non-equilibrium state, entropy production and entropy flow,
energy balance equation for different irreversible processes (e.g. heat flow, chemical reaction
etc.), transformation of the generalized fluxes and forces, non equilibrium stationary states,
phenomenological equation, microscopic, reversibility and Onsager’s reciprocity relations,
electrokinetic phenomena, diffusion, electric conduction, irreversible thermodynamics for
biological system, coupled reactions.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 5: Solid State Chemistry

Perfect and imperfect crystals, intrinsic and extrinsic defect, point defect, line and plane
defect, vacancies, Schottky and Frankel defects; thermodynamics of Schottky and Frankel
defect formation, color center, non-stochiometry defects. Metal insulators and
semiconductors, electronic structure of solids-band theory, band structure of metals,

24 | P a g e
insulators and semi-conductors, doping semi-conductors, p-n junction; superconductors;
photoelectric effects; magnetic properties. Behaviour of substances in a magnetic field, effect
of temperature: Curie and Curie-Weiss law, origin of magnetic moment, ferromagnetic,
antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering, super exchange, magnetic domains, hysteresis.

(12 Hours)
Reference Books:

 Ira. N. Levine: Quantum Chemistry, Eds: 5th, PHI, 2000.

 A. K. Chandra: Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Eds: 4th, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi, 1994.
 P. Atkins and R. Friedman: Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Eds: 5th, Oxford
University Press, 2011.
 T. Engle and P. Reid: Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Pearson, New Delhi,
2011.
 B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma and M. S. Pathania, Principle of Physical Chemistry, Eds.
44th, Vishal Publishing Co., Jalandhar, 2010.
 P. Atkins and J. D. Paula, Physical Chemistry, Eds. 7th, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi, 2002.
 R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross: Physical Chemistry, Eds: 2nd, Oxford University
Press, New Delhi, 2007.
 S. R. Degroot, P. Mazur: Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics, North Holland
Publication, Amsterdam, 1961.
 C. N. R. Rao and J. Gopalakrishnan: New Direction in Solid State Chemistry,
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 A. R. West: Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
 L. Smart and E. Moore: Solid State Chemistry, Chapman and Hall, 1992.

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 CHM T 512: Bio-Inorganic & Nuclear Chemistry
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Bio-inorganic Chemistry – I

Transport and storage of dioxygen: Active site structures and bio functions of O2-uptake
proteins: hemoglobin, myoglobin, hemocyanin and hemerythrin; model synthetic dioxygen
complexes. Chelato theraphy. Electron transfer in biology: Active site structures and
functions of cytochromes, cytochrome c; iron-sulfur proteins (rubredoxin, ferredoxines),
organic-redox protein cofactors – FAD, NAD, FMN, ubiquinone; blue copper proteins,
HIPIP. Respiratory electron transport chain, cytochrome c oxidase. Photosynthesis and
chlorophylls, photosystem-I and photosystem-II and their roles in cleavage of water. Model
systems. Biological and abiological nitrogen fixing systems, model study.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 2: Advanced Bio-inorganic Chemistry – II

Metal ion interactions with purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic
acids, DNA and RNA, metal ions in genetic information transfer.
Redox enzymes: Catalase, peroxidase, super oxide dismutase (SOD), cytochrome P-450,
Nitrogen cycle enzymes: NOx reductases, nitric oxide synthases (NOS), ascorbate oxidase,
aldehyde oxidase, sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidase, nitrogenase, P and M clusters in
nitrogenase, transition metal dinitrogen complexes and insights into N2 binding, reduction to
ammonia.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 3: Enzymes

Zinc enzymes, magnesium enzymes, iron enzymes, carbonic anhydrase, xanthine oxidase,
aldehyde oxidase, cobalt containing enzymes, Mo and tungsten enzymes, Vitamin B-12
Zinc in Transcription: Zinc fingers, zinc thiolate clusters.
Calcium Signaling Protein: Calmodulin protein and Ca2+ ion pump
Biological Cycle: Nitrogen cycle, hydrogen cycle, in vivo and vitro nitrogen fixation
Sensors: Iron protein as sensor, Copper sensor, protein that sense copper and zinc level
Other Application: Biominiralization, cancer treatment, antiarthristis drugs
Contribution of Individual Elements in Biological Function: Na, K, Li, Mg, Ca, Se, Mn,
Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, W, Si, Pt, Au
(12 Hours)

Unit – 4: Inorganic Photochemistry

Introduction to inorganic photochemistry, photophysical and photochemical process.

Excitation modes in transition metal complexes, fate of photo-excited species, fluorescence
and phosphorescence applied to Inorganic systems, intramolecular energy transfer,
vibrational relaxation, internal conversion and intrasystem crossing, quantum yield, decay

26 | P a g e
fluorescence. Fluorence quenching, Stern-Volmer equation. Photochemical process: photo
substitution and photoelectron transfer reactions in Co, Cr, Ru and Rh complexes.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 5: Nuclear Chemistry & Radiochemical Analysis

Nuclear models: Nuclear stability, terrestrial abundance and distribution, relativistic effect,
electronic configuration, oxidation states, aqueous-, redox- and complex- chemistry; Nuclear
forces, liquid drop model, shell model, Fermi gas model; magic numbers, nuclear spin and
nuclear isomerism. Nuclear reactions: Energetics, mechanism and models of nuclear
reactions. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, fission products and fission yields. Interactions
of radiation with matters, chemical effects of nuclear transmutation (elementary idea),
Nuclear reactors and particle accelerators.
Radioactive Techniques: Detection and measurement of radiation- GM ionization and
proportional counters. Study of chemical reactions by tracer techniques, isotope exchange
and kinetic isotope effect. Radiometric analysis: Isotope dilution analysis, age determination,
neutron activation analysis (NAA) and their applications. Radiation hazards and safety
measures.

(12 Hours)

References Books:

 S. J. Lippard and J. M. Berg: Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University

Science Books, Mill Valley, 1994.
 W. Kaim and B. Schwederski: Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the
Chemistry of Life, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1994.
 D. F. Shriver and P. W. Atkins: Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford University Press.
 B. R. Puri, L. R. Sharma, and K. C. Kalia: Principle of Inorganic Chemistry,
Milestone Publisher, New Delhi 2010.
 D. L. Nelson, & M. M. Cox: Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry 7 Ed., W. H.
Freeman
 H. J. Arnikar, Essential of Nuclear Chemistry, Wiley-Blackwell; 2nd Edition edition.
 Hand Book of Nuclear Reactions, edited by Vértes, A., Nagy, S., Klencsár, Z., Lovas,
R.G., Rösch, F. , Springer
 J. E. Huheey, E. A. Keiter, R. L. Keiter, and O. K. Medhi: Inorganic Chemistry
Principle of Structure and Reactivity, Eds: 4th Pearson, New Delhi, 2006.
 A. Das and G. N. Mukherjee, Elements of Boi-inorganic Chemistry.
 Ashim Kr. Das, Boi-inorganic Chemistry.

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 CHM T 513: Pericyclic Reaction, Photochemistry and Free Radical
Chemistry
Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Introduction of Pericyclic Reaction

Definition, Symmetry of π molecular orbital, Filling of electrons in π molecular orbital in

conjugated polyenes, conjugated ions, Frontier Molecular Orbital Theory, Classification of
Pericyclic reactions
(10 Hours)

Unit – 2: Electrocyclic and Cycloaddition Reactions

Electrocyclic Reactions: Conrotatory and disrotatory motion in ring opening and ring closing
reactions, Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) approach for Electrocyclic reactions,
Correlation diagram of the Electrocyclic reactions with 4nπ and (4n + 2)π electronic systems,
Woodward – Hoffmann rule for Electrocyclic system.
Cycloaddition Reactions: Theory of Cycloaddition reaction, Stereochemistry of
Cycloaddition reaction, Diels-Alder reaction, 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloaddition reactions,
Chelotropic reactions. Woodward – Hoffmann selection rule for Electrocyclic system.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 3: Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Group Transfer Reactions

Definition, Classification of Sigmatropic Rearrangement, Mechanism of Sigmatropic

Rearrangement, Various types of [m, n] Sigmatropic rearrangements, Cope, Oxy-Cope and
Claisen Rearrangement. Ene Reactions and Group Transfer Reactions given by Diimide.
(12 Hours)

Unit – 4: Photochemistry

Basic Principle of Photochemistry and Reaction with Carbonyl compounds: Introduction of

Photochemistry-Jablonski Diagram, Quantum Yield calculation of photo chemical reaction,
photosensitizer and quencher; α-cleavage (Norrish type I & II) and β-cleavage reactions with
carbonyl compounds, Intra- and Intermolecular Hydrogen abstraction reactions with carbonyl
compounds, Photocycloaddition reactions (Paterno-Bűchi Reaction).

Photo Rearrangement, Photo Reduction, and Photo Isomerization Reactions: Di- π-

Methane Rearrangement, Aza-di- π-Methane Rearrangement, Photo reduction of carbonyl
compounds, Cis-Trans Isomerization reactions with alkenes, Photochemistry of Dienes.
(14 Hours)

Unit – 5: Free Radical Reactions

Principles, Generation of free radicals, Formation of Carbon-Halogen bonds (Hundsdiecker

reaction), Formation of Carbon-Carbon bonds (addition to carbon-carbon double bonds,
Acyloin condensation reaction, Eglinton reaction). Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen bonds
(Barton Recation and Hoffmann-Loeffler-Freytag Reaction).
(12 Hours)

28 | P a g e
Reference Books:

 J. Singh & J. Singh: Photochemistry and Pericyclic Reactions, New Age International
(P) Ltd., 2007
 B. B. Woodward and Hoffman: Conservation of Orbital Symmetry, Verlag Chemie
Academic Press, 1971.
 W. Carruthers: Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, Cambridge University,
Press, 1993.

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 CHM P 511: Physical Chemistry Practical – II
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
(i) Conductometry

(a) The measurement of electrical conductance for the determination of the

equivalent conductance at infinite dilution.
(b) Determination of the activity coefficient of zinc ions in the solution of 0.002
M zinc sulfate using Debye-Hückel’s limiting law.
(c) To verify Debye-Hückel limiting law for strong electrolyte.

(ii) (a) Rate of the hydrolysis of sucrose using polarimeter.

(b) Polarizability from refractive index measurement.

(iii) Potentiometry/pHmetry
(a) Determination of pKa of poly-basic acid with the pH meter.
(b) To determine the pH of various mixtures of acetic acid and sodium acetate in
aqueous solutions and hence determine the dissociation constant of the acid.

(iv) Determination of the transport number by moving boundary method.

(v) IR and Raman spectroscopy of the solvent mixture.

Reference Books:
 A. M. James and F. E. Prichard: Practical Physical Chemistry, Longman.
 B. P. Levi: Findley’s Practical Physical Chemistry,
 R. C. Das and B. Behera: Experimental Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw Hill.
 D. P. Shoemaker, G. W. Garland and J. W. Niber: Experimental Physical chemistry,
Mc Graw Hill Interscience.
 A. J. Elias: A collection of Interesting General Chemistry Experiments, University
Press, India.
 J. Rose: Advanced Physico-Chemical Experiments, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd,
London.
 J. B. Yadav: Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, Krishna Prakashan Media (P)
Ltd. Meerut.

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 CHM P 512: Inorganic Chemistry Practical – II
Credits: 02
Lab: 60 Hours
A. Analytical Chemistry:

 Analysis of Ores: Felspar , bauxite, Rocks available in that region.

 Analysis of Soil sample, animal feeds, soil micronutrients, milk powder for Ca, Fe
and P content.
 Separation of Mixture: Chromium (III) and Mn(II) in a mixture, Iron (III) and Cu(II)
in a mixture, Iron(III) and Al(III) in a mixture

At least one ore/ mineral/concentrate and one alloy should be analyzed during the laboratory

session.

B. Preparations of Complex (At Least eight samples)

Preparation of selected inorganic compound and their studies by I.R. electronic spectra,
Mössbauer and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Handling of air and moisture sensitive
compounds
1. bis(ethylene)nickel(II)thiosulphate,
2. tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III), tris(acetylacetonato)Aluminium(III),
tris(acetylacetonato)iron(II), tris(acetylacetonato)copper(II),
3. Hexaminecobalt(III)chloride,
4. Mercury tetrathiocyanatocobaltate(II),
5. Copper(II) biguanide
6. Mn12 Acetate Single Molecule Magnet
7. Preparation of copper glycine complex- cis and trans bis- (glycinato) copper (II).
8. Preparation of N, N-bis-(salicyldehyde) ethylenediamine, Co(salen), Mn(salen),
determination of O2 absorption by Co(salen), reaction of oxygen adduct with CHCl3
(deoxygenation).
9. VO(acac)2
10. cis-K [Cr(C2O4)2 (H2O)2]
11. Na[Cr(NH3)2 (SCN)4]
12. K2[Fe(C2O4)3]
Reference Books:
 Vogel’s Textbook of Quantitative Analysis, Revi Mendham, ELBS.
 W.L. Jolly, Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic Compounds, Prentice Hall.

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 SEMESTER – IV

CHM T 521: Molecular Spectroscopy

Credits: Theory-04
Theory: 60 Hours
Unit – 1: Unifying Principles

Electromagnetic radiation, interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, absorption,

emission, transmission, reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarization, and scattering.
Uncertainty relation and natural line width and natural line broadening, transition probability,
result of the time dependent perturbation theory, transition moment selection rules, intensity
of spectral line. Born-Oppenheimer approximation, rotational, vibrational, and electronic
energy levels. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy.

(10 Hours)
Unit – 2: Microwave Spectroscopy

Rotational spectroscopy: Classification of molecules, rigid rotor model, selection rule,

intensity of spectral line, effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies,
intensities, non-rigid rotor. Stark effect nuclear and electron spin interaction and effect of
external field. Applications (determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic
molecules etc.)

(10 Hours)
Unit – 3: Vibrational Spectroscopy

A. Infrared Spectroscopy: Review of linear harmonic oscillator, vibrational energies of

diatomic molecules, zero point energy, force constant and bond strength; anharmonicity,
Morse potential energy diagram, vibration-rotation spectroscopy, P, Q, R branches.
Breakdown of Oppenheimer approximation; vibration of polyatomic molecules. Selection
rules, normal modes of vibration, group frequencies, overtones, hot bands, factor affecting
the band positions and intensities, far IR region, metal-ligand vibrations, normal co-ordinate
analysis. Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

B. Raman Spectroscopy: Classical and quantum theories of Raman Effect, pure rotational,
vibrational, and vibrational-rotational Raman spectra, selection rules, mutual exclusion
principle. Resonance Raman spectroscopy, coherent anti-stokes Raman spectroscopy
(CARS).

(10 Hours)
Unit – 4: Electronic Spectroscopy

A. Atomic Spectroscopy: Energies of atomic orbitals, vector representation of momenta and

vector coupling, spectra of hydrogen atom and alkali metal atoms.

B. Molecular Spectroscopy: Energy levels, molecular orbitals, vibranic transition, vibrational

progressions and geometry of excited state, Franck-Condon principle, electronic spectra of
polyatomic molecules. Emission spectra; radiative and non-radiative decay, internal
conversion, spectra of transition metal complex, charge transfer spectra.

32 | P a g e
C. Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Basic principle; photo-electronic effect, ionization process,
Koopman’s theorem. Photoelectron spectra of simple molecules, ESCA, chemical
information from ESCA, basic idea Auger electron spectroscopy.

(10 Hours)
Unit – 5: Magnetic Resonance, Photoacoustic, and Mössbauer Spectroscopy

A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Nuclear spin, nuclear resonance, saturation,

shielding of magnetic nuclei, chemical shift and its measurement, factor influencing chemical
shift, deshielding, spin-spin interaction, factor influencing coupling constant ‘J’.
Classification (ABX, AMX, ABC, A2B2 etc), spin decoupling; basic idea about instrument,
NMR studies of nuclei other than proton – 13C, 19F, and 31P; FT NMR, advantage of FT
NMR, use of NMR in medical diagnostics.

B. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Basic principles, zero field splitting and
Kramer’s degeneracy, factors affecting the ‘g’ value. Isotropic and anisotropic hyperfine
coupling constants, spin Hamiltonian, spin densityies and McConnell relationship,
measurement techniques, applications.

C. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy: Quatrupole nuclei, quadrupole moments,

electric field gradient, coupling constant, splitting, applications.

D. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy: Basic principles of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). PAS-

gases and condensed system, chemical and surface applications.

E. Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Basic principles, spectral parameters and spectrum display.

Application of technique to the studies of (i) bonding and structure of Fe2+ and Fe3+
compounds – nature of M-L bond, coordination number, structure and (ii) detection of
oxidation state and inequivalent MB atom.
(20 Hours)
Reference Books:
 T. Engle and P. Reid: Quantum Chemistry and Spectroscopy, Pearson, New Delhi,
2011.
 B. K. Sharma: Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis - 9th Edition.
 William Kemp: Organic Spectroscopy –3rd Edition.
 C. N. Banwell and E. M. McCash: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, Ed.
4th, Tata McGraw-Hill, 1994.
 G. M. Barrow: Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy

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 CHM P 522: Project and Dissertation

Credits: 08

Each student is assigned to a faculty supervisor to carry out a research project. They will be
trained in searching research literature as well as experimental and computational work
specific to the chosen research problem. On the basis of partial fulfilment of project report the
student may go other University/Institute for project work. At the end of the project they will
submit a report of the work done and make a presentation for evaluations.

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 LIST OF ELECTIVE PAPER

S. Course Course
Title of Paper Credit
No. Code Structure
1 CHM T 601 Elective Mathematics for Chemist 3
2 CHM T 602 Elective Biology for Chemist 3
3 CHM T 603 Elective Industrial Chemistry 3
4 CHM T 604 Elective Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3
5 CHM T 605 Elective Basic of Materials Chemistry 3
6 CHM T 606 Elective Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology 3
7 CHM T 607 Elective Polymers Chemistry 3
8 CHM T 608 Elective Bioorganic and Drug Chemistry 3
9 CHM T 609 Elective Advanced Heterocyclic Chemistry 3
10 CHM T 610 Elective Chemistry of Natural Products 3
12 CHM T 611 Elective Solid State Chemistry 3
13 CHM T 612 Elective Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry 3

Note: M.Sc. in Chemistry students have to opt total three elective papers (commonly
name as Discipline Specific Elective) from the above list of elective courses from
the second semester onwards. Students have to choose only that elective courses,
those are offered by the Departmental faculty members in the respective
semesters in the running academic years.

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 CHM T 601: Mathematics for Chemist
Credits: Theory-03
(45 Hours)
A. Mathematics for Chemist

Unit – 1: Vectors and Matrix Algebra

Numbers: Real and Complex number

Vectors: Vectors, dot, cross and triple product etc. The gradient, divergence and curl. Vector
calculus, Gauss’ theorem, divergence theorem etc.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Matrix Algebra
Addition and multiplication; inverse, adjoint and transpose of matrices, special matrices
(symmetric, screw-symmetric, Hermitian, screw-Hermitian, unit, diagonal, unitary etc.) and
their properties. Matrix equations; homogeneous, non-homogeneous linear equation and
conditions for the solution, linear dependence and independence. Introduction of vector
spaces, matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors, digonalization, determinants (examples from
Hückel theory). Introduction to tensors; poarizability and magnetic susceptibility as
examples.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Differential and Calculus

Differential: Functions, continuity and differentiability, rules for differentiation, application

of differential calculus including maxima and minima (examples related to maximally
populated rotational energy levels, Bohr’s radius and most probable velocity from Maxwell’s
distribution etc.), exact and inexact differentials with their application to the thermodynamic
properties.

Partial Differential: Function of several variables, partial differentiation, co-ordinate

transformation (e.g. Cartesian to spherical polar).
Integral calculus: basic rules for integration, integration by parts, partial fraction and
substitution, reduction formulae, applications of integral calculus.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Elementary Differential Equations
Ordinary first- and second-order differential equations. Partial differential equations. Solution
of inexact differential equations by the method of integrating factors. Power series and
extended power series solutions. Numerical solutions. Special functions: Hermite, Legendre
and Laguerre polynomials, recursion relations.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Probability and Curve Sketching
Permutation & Combination. Probability. Stirling’s approximation. Lagrange multipliers.
Curve sketching and curve fitting; Introduction to Fourier series and Fourier transforms.
(9 Hours)
Reference Books:
 R. G. Mortimer: Mathematics for Physical Chemistry, Academic Press.
 F. Diniels: Mathematical Preparation for Physical chemistry, McGraw Hill.

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 CHM T 602: Biology for Chemist
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Cell Structure & Functions
Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, intracellular organelles and their function, comparison
of plant and animal cells. Overview of metabolic processes-catabolism and anabolism; ATP the
biological energy currency. Origin of life – unique property of carbon, chemical evolution and rise of
living systems. Introduction to biomolecules, building blocks of bio-molecules.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Carbohydrates
Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and function of important derivatives of
monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinsitol, amino sugars, N-acetylmuramic acid,
sialic acid, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Structural polysaccharides – cellulose, and chitin;
storage polysaccharides – starch and glycogen. Structure and biological functions of
glucosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides. Carbohydrates of glycoproteins glycolipids. Role of
sugar in biological recognition. Blood group substances. Ascorbic acid, carbohydrate metabolism –
Krebs’ cycle, glycolysis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis pentose phosphate
pathway.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Lipids
Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structure and function of triglycerols; glycerophospholipids,
sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandins. Lipoproteins – composition and function, role in
atherosclerosis. Properties of lipids, aggregates – micelles, bilayers, liposomes and their possible
biological function. Biological membranes, fluid mosaic model of membranes structure. Lipid
metabolism -oxidation of fatty acids.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Amino Acids

Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins: Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides,
amino acid sequencing, secondary structure of proteins, force responsible for holding of secondary
structure. -helix, -sheet, super secondary structure, triple helix structure of collagen. Tertiary
structure of proteins, folding and domain structure. Quaternary structure. Amino acid metabolism,
degradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination, chemical/enzymatic/mass
spectral racemization detection. Chemistry of oxytocin and tryptophan releasing hormone (TRH).
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Nucleic Acids
Purine and pyrimidine bases of nucleic acids, base pairing via H-bonding. Structure of ribonucleic
acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), double helix model of DNA and forces responsible
for holding it. Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids. The chemical basis of heredity, an
overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code. Chemical synthesis of
mono- and tri- nucleosides.
(12 Hours)
Reference Books:
 A. L. Lehninger: Principle of Biochemistry, Worth Pub. Shers.
 L. Stryer and W. H. Freeman, Biochemistry
 J. David Rawn: Biochemistry, Neil Patterson.

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 CHM T 603: Industrial Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Water and Its Treatment

Sources of water, chlorinated and nonchlorinated water, chemical method of sterilization:

precipitation method, Aeration, ozonisation, chlorination, chloramines process, potassium
permanganate method, Physical method of sterilization: Boiling, exposure to sunlight, hard
and soft water, Types of hardness, temporary and permanent hardness, water softening, cold
and hot lime soda process, zeolite process, ion exchange process, removal of iron, silica, and
dissolved oxygen from water for industrial purposes, water for boiler uses, water analysis.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Glass and Rubbers
Glass: physical and chemical properties of glass, constituents in glasses, raw materials,
manufacturing of glasses, optical glass, borosilicate glass, lead glass, colored glass, opal
glass, safety glass, fiber glass.
Natural and Synthetic Rubber: classification of rubber, natural and synthetic rubber.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Chemical Fertilizers
Classification of fertilization, nitrogeneous fertilizers, method of production and its action-
ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, calcium cyanamide, ammonium chloride,
phosphate rock, normal super phosphate, triple super phosphate.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Petroleum
Classification of petroleum, composition of petroleum, mining of petroleum, refining of
petroleum, octane rating, octane number and antiknock compound, cetane number,
production of gases, crude naptha, benzene, kerosene oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil, paraffin
wax and black tarry after refining. Cracking: thermal cracking, hydrocracking, and fluid
catalytic cracking.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Fibers and Dyes
Synthetic Fibers: Preparation of fibers- Nylons, Nylon-66, Nylon-6, Nylon-11, Nylon-610,
Nylon-8, polyethylene terephthalate, orlon, saran, vinyon, taflon.
Synthetic Dyes and Dyeing: Requisites of true dyes, sensation of color, witt’s theory,
chromophores, auxochromes: batho-, hypso-, hyper-, and hypochromic shifts; classification
of dyes: acid dyes, basic dyes, adjective dyes, vat dyes, ingrain dyes, sulfur dyes, pigment
dyes, nitroso dyes, nitro dyes, azo dyes, xanthenes dyes, applications of dye.
(9 Hours)
Reference Books:
 E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK.
 R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley
Publishers, New Delhi.
 J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
 S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New
Delhi.

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 CHM T 604: Instrumental Methods of Analysis
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Molecular Spectroscopy

Nature of electromagnetic radiation, electromagnetic spectrum, atomic, molecular and

vibrational energy levels, basic instrumentation- source of radiation, monochromator, sample
cells, absorber, detector, UV-Vis detector, photomultiplier, IR detector, display and recorder,
single and double beam spectrophotometer, Beer Lambert law, deviation from beers law,
ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectrophotometer,
Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and Raman spectrometer, instrumentation,
techniques and application.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Atomic Spectroscopy

Flame emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy- principle, instrumentation,

Source in AAS – Hollow cathode lamp, electrode less discharge lamp, burners, nature and
property of flame, interference in AAS, difference between AAS and FES, ICP.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Thermal Analysis

Types of thermal method, Thermogam, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), differential

thermal analysis(DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), schematic diagram for TGA
and DTA instruments and their working principle, factors affecting thermogram like
geometry of sample holder, furnace atmosphere, heating rate, particle size, packing of
sample, weight of sample, analysis of metals or oxide in mixture, application of TGA and
DTA.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Chromatography

Principles of chromatographic separation, classification of Chromatographic Techniques:

adsorption, partition, ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography, theory of
chromatographic separation, distribution coefficient, retention time, sorption, theory of
column efficiency and resolution, separation factor, retention factor. – working principle and
application of Column chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, paper
chromatography, Thin layer chromatography (TLC) & HPTLC: techniques and application. -
Gas Chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography: Van Deemter equation,
retention time or volume, capacity ratio, partition coefficient, theoretical plate and number,
separation efficiency and resolution, instrumentation and application.
(9 Hours)

Unit – 5: Electroanalytical Techniques

Electrochemical cells, current potential relationship, mass transfer by migration, convection

and diffusion, Electrogravimetry, voltam-metry, polarography, reference electrode, working
electrode, auxiliary electrode, dropping mercury electrode, current potential curve, limiting
current, coulometry, conductometry methods, instrumentation, techniques and application.
Amperometric titration, effect of electroactive and reagent on amperometric curve and its
advantage, rotating platinum electrode, biamperometric titration and its advantage,
fluorimetry and phosphorimetry.

39 | P a g e
 (9 Hours)
Reference Books:

 Arthur I. Vogel: A Test book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis (Rev. by G.H.

Jeffery and others) 5th Ed. The English Language Book Society of Longman .
 Hobert H. Willard et al: Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Ed. Wardsworth
Publishing Company, Belmont, California, USA, 1988.
 Gary D. Christian: Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York,
2004.
 C. Daniel Harris: Exploring Chemical Analysis, Ed. New York, W.H. Freeman,
2001.
 S. M. Khopkar: Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, New Age, International
Publisher, 2009.
 D. A. Skoog, F. J. Holler and T. A Nieman: Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd. Singapore.
 O. Mikes & R. A. Chalmes: Laboratory Hand Book of Chromatographic & Allied
Methods, Elles Harwood Ltd. London.
 R. V. Ditts: Analytical Chemistry – Methods of separation.

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 CHM T 605: Basic of Materials Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours

Unit – 1: Chemical Crystallography

Introduction: Space lattice, crystal point groups, space group (working knowledge),
stereographic projections, packing in solids, crystal structures of representative systems,
silicates and zeolites, cements, glasses, quasicrystals, nanostructures.

Bonding in Solids and Crystal Energetics: Crystal classifications, Madelung constant and
Lattice energy.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Characterization Techniques for Solids

X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, AFM), thermal techniques (TG, DTA,
DSC), spectroscopic techniques (Mössbauer, IR, UV-VIS), and physical property
measurement techniques (magnetic moments-VSM/SQUID, electrical resistivity – two / four
probe methods and thermal conductivity, optical band gap, XPES, XAS.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Electronic and Magnetic Properties Solids

Electronic Properties and Band Theory of Solids: Free electron theory of metals, Band
theory of solids, Bloch theorem, Kroning-Penne model, refinement of simple band theory- k-
space and Brillouin Zones, band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors, intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors, doped semiconductors, p-n junctions.

Magnetic Properties Solids: Behaviour of substances in a magnetic field, effect of

temperature: Curie and Curie-Weiss law, origin of magnetic moment, ferromagnetic,
antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering, super exchange, magnetic domains, hysteresis.
Introduction of superconductors, Meissner effects, basic concepts of BCH theory.

Unit – 4: Defects and Phase Transitions

Defects, Nonstoichiometry and Diffusion: Point defects, dislocations, extended defects,

clusters and aggregates, color centers, nonstoichiometry of compounds, diffusion
mechanisms, Fick’s law, Kirkenall effect.

Phase Transitions: Critical phenomena, variety of phase transitions (ordered-disorder,

Martensite-austenite, spinoidal decompositions etc), liquid crystals, structure-property
relations (magnetic, electrical, superconductivity, optical and thermal).

Unit – 5: Preparative Techniques

Reactivity of Solids: Decomposition and reactivity, solid state reactions, sintering process,
reaction kinetics, organic solid reactions.

Conventional Techniques: Powder mixing, fusion, precipitation from solution, modern need
for improved synthetic routes, crystal growth and thin film techniques.

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Chemical Routes: Wet-chemical (Oxidation-reduction for metal nanoparticles) methods, self
assembly methods, reverse micelles route, biomimetic, sonochemical, and electrochemical
approaches.

Sol-Gel Synthesis: Colloids, cation hydrolysis and sol formation, gel precipitation, sol-gel
process for colloids, synthesis andphysical properties of metal alkoxides, development of sol-
gel process from alkoxides, derived coatings, fibers and monodispersed submicron/
nanostructured oxide powders, ormosils, sialons.
Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Approach: Forced hydrolysis at elevated temperatures and
pressures, hydrothermal reactions using salt solutions, metal reactants and reactions involving
phase transformation.

Precursor Technique: Citrate-gel process, metallo-organic precursors, metal alkoxides.

Gas Phase Reactions: Gas-phase nucleation, flame hydrolyzed powders, direct - nitridation
and carbothermic reduction, non-plasma gas phase reactions, plasma reactions, electron beam
evaporation.
(12 Hours)

Reference Books:

 A. R. West: Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
 L. Smart and E. Moore, Solid State Chemistry, Chapman and Hall, 1992.
 A. K. Cheetham and P. Day: Solid State Chemistry Compounds, Clarendon Press,
Oxford 1992.
 C. N. R. Rao and J. Gopalkrishanan: New Directions in Solid State Chemistry,
Cambridge Univ. Press 1997.
 R. E. Newnham, Structure Property Relations, Springer-Verlag, 1987

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 CHM T 606: Introduction to Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours

Unit – 1: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Introduction: Underlying physical principles of nanotechnology: Nanostructured Materials:

Size is Everything. Fundamental physicochemical principles, size and dimensionality effects;
quantum confinement; properties dependent on density of states; single electron charging,
central importance of nanoscale morphology. Societal aspects of nanotechnology: health,
environment, hype and reality.

Type of Nanostructures: Definition of a nano system; one dimensional (1D), two

dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D) nanostructured materials; quantum dots; quantum
wire, and core/shell structures.

(9 Hours)
Unit -2: The Basic Tools of Nanotechnology

Electron microscopy (SEM, TEM with EDX analysis) and X-ray diffraction, A brief
historical overview of atomic force microscopy (AFM); an introduction and basic principles
& applications of XPS, FTIR spectrophotometers; UV-VIS principle and application for band
gap measurement.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Synthesis of Nanomateirals

Top down and bottom up approaches to synthesis of nanomaterils:

Chemical Routes for Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Chemical precipitation and co-

precipitation; sol-gel synthesis; microemulsions or reverse micelles; solvothermal synthesis;
thermolysis routes, microwave heating synthesis biomimetic and electrochemical approaches;
sonochemical synthesis; photochemical synthesis; synthesis in supercritical fluids.

Physical Routes for Preparation of Nanomaterial: Inert gas condensation, arc discharge, RF
plasma, plasma arc technique, ion sputtering, laser ablation, laser pyrolysis, spray pyrolysis,
ball milling, molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition method, Langmuir-
Blodgett (LB) films, spin coating and electro deposition.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Nanomateirals and Properties

Synthesis and size dependent properties (mechanical, physical and chemical properties) of
carbon nanotubes (CNT); metals (Au, Ag); metal oxides (TiO2, CeO2, ZnO); semiconductors
(Si, Ge, CdS, ZnSe); dilute magnetic semiconductor.
(9 Hours)
Unit -5: Applications of Nanomateirals

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Basic ideas of nanodevices (molecular electronics and nanoelectronics, and quantum
electronic devices); CNT based transistor and field emission display; biological applications;
biochemical sensor; membrane based water purification, energy storage devices, catalysis and
various related fields.
(12 Hours)

Reference Books:

 T. Pradeep, Nano: The Essentials, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2007.

 G. Cao, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials – Synthesis, Properties and Applications,
Imperial College Press, London, 2004,
 C. N. R. Rao, A. Muller and A. K. Cheetham, The Chemistry of Nanomaterials
 G. L. Hornyak, J. J. Moore, H. F. Tibbals, and J. Dutta: Fundamentals of
Nanotechnology, CRC Press, 2009

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 CHM T 607: Polymers Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Introduction

Importance of polymers. Basic Concept: monomers, repeat units, degree of polymerization;

linear, branched, and network polymers (block-copolymer, dendrimer etc.); classification of
polymers. Polymerization: condensation, addition, radical, chain- ionic- and co-ordination-,
and co-polymerization; polymerization condition and polymer reaction; polymerization in
homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
(9 Hours)
Unit– 2: Polymer Characterization Techniques

Polydispersion-average molecular weight concept; number, weight and viscosity average

molecular weights. Polydiversity and molecular weight distribution. The practical
significance of molecular weight. Measurement of molecular weights. End group, viscosity,
light scattering, osmotic, and ultracentrifugation methods. Analysis and testing of polymers-
chemical analysis of polymers. Spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction, microscopy
studies. Thermal analysis and physical testing tensile strength, fatigue, impact, tear resistance,
hardness and abrasion resistance analysis.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Structure and Properties

Morphology and order in crystalline polymers – configuration of polymer chains; crystal

structure of polymers; morphology of crystalline polymers; strain-induced morphology;
crystallization and melting polymer structure and physical properties – crystalline melting
point, Tm, melting points of homogeneous series effect of chain flexibility and other steric
factors, entropy and heat of fusion. The glass transition temperature, Tg, relationship between
Tm and Tg, effect of molecular weight, diluents, chemical structure, chain topology, branching
and cross linking. Properties requirements for polymer utilization.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Polymer Processing

Plastic, elastomers and fibres, compounding; processing techniques- calendaring, die casting,
rotational casting, film casting, injection casting, blow moulding, extraction moulding,
thermoforming, foaming, reinforcing, and fibre spinning.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Properties of Commercial Polymers

Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyester, phenolic resins, epoxy resins and
silicone polymers. Functional polymers – fire retarding polymers and electrically conducting
polymers. Biomedical polymers – contact lens, dental polymers, artificial heart, kidney, skin,
and blood cells.
(9 Hours)

Reference Books:

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 Fred W. Billmeyer: Textbook of Polymer Science, Eds: 3rd, Wiley-India, New Delhi,
2012.
 A Ravve: Principle of Polymer Chemistry, Eds. 3rd, Springer Science + Business
Media, New York, 2012.
 J. M. G. Cowie: Physics and Chemistry of Polymers, Blackie Academic and
Professional.
 H. R. Alcock and F. W. Iamtee: Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, Prentice Hall.
 V. R. Govarikar, N. V. Viswanathan, and J. sreedhar: Polymer Science, Wieley-
Eastern.

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 CHM T 608: Bioorganic and Drug Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours

Unit – 1: Overview of Bioorganic Chemistry

Introduction: Definition of bioorganic chemistry, Border line of bioorganic chemistry and

inter disciplinary area between chemical and biology, Weak interaction in organic and
biological world, Molecular Recognition.

Chemistry of the Living Cell: The structure of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells, Composition
of living cells:
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates: Introduction, Reactions of Monosaccharides, Interconversions, Ring

structure of aldoses and ketoses, Confirmation of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides: Structure,
synthesis and properties.

Proteins: General structure & classification of amino acids, Abbreviation of amino acids,
Essential and non essential amino acids, Synthesis of amino acids, Isoelectric point, Acid and
base properties of amino acids. Protein: Naturally occurring peptides, Modern methods of
peptide synthesis with protection and deprotection, Determination of sequences and basic
units of a poly peptides or proteins, C- & N-terminus detection by chemical methods,
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins, Enzyme active sites,
allosteric sites, and mechanism of their actions e.g. chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, lipases
etc.

Lipids: Lipid structure- acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids, Biological

importance of fatty acids and lipids, Bio- and chemical Synthesis of lipids.
Nucleic Acids: Definition, structure and properties, base pairing, double helices, Genetic
information storage, transmission and gene expression, Nucleotides and Nucleosides:
Similarities and differentiation, Structure of DNA & RNA. Types of mRNA, tRNA and
rRNA, Replication, transcription and translation, Genetic code, Protein biosynthesis.

(12 Hours)
Unit – 3: Analogy Between Biochemical and Organic reactions

Introduction to metabolism (catabolism, anabolism). ATP: The universal currency of cellular

energy, ATP hydrolysis and free energy change. Agents for transfer of electrons in biological
redox systems: NAD+, FAD. Conversion of food to energy: Outline of catabolic pathways of
carbohydrate- glycolysis, fermentation, Krebs cycle. Overview of catabolic pathways of fat
and protein. Interrelationship in the metabolic pathways of protein, fat and carbohydrate.
Caloric value of food, standard caloric content of food types.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Overview of Drug Chemistry and Basics of Drug Action

Definition, classification and nomenclature of drugs, Preliminary idea of drug action:

Interaction (Weak interaction in drug molecules, Chirality and drug action), Receptorology

47 | P a g e
(Drug-receptor interactions, Enzyme kinetics in drug action, Enzyme inhibitors (Drug action
through enzyme inhibition), Nucleic acids as targets for drug actions, NA-Alkylation, NA-
strand breaking and their importance in drug action, Drug metabolism, drug deactivation and
elimination.
(8 Hours)
Unit – 5: Pharmaceutical Compounds: Structure and Importance

Classification, structure and therapeutic uses of antipyretics: Paracetamol (with synthesis),

Analgesics: Ibuprofen (with synthesis), Antimalarials: Chloroquine (with synthesis). An
elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol, Medicinal values
of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C and antacid (ranitidine).
(7 Hours)

Reference Books:
 L. Stryer: Biochemistry, 4th Edition W. H. Freeman and Co. 1995.
 S. Zubay: Biochemistry, Addison-Wesely 1983.
 J. Mann; R.S. Davidson: Natural Products: Chemistry and Biological Significance
 H. Dugas: Bioorganic Chemistry Frontiers Vol. 2, ed. Springer-Verlag, 1990.
 E. E. Tamlen: Bioorganic Chemistry, Academic Press, 1977.
 M. Bodansky: Peptide Chemistry: A Practical Textbook, Springer-Verlag 1988.
 Bioorganic Chemistry: A chemical approch to enzyme action, Springer-Verlag 1989.
 W. Saenger: Principles of Nucleic acid structures, Springer-Verlag 1984.
 G. R. Chatwal: Medicinal Chemistry
 A. Kar: Medicinal Chemistry, Wiley, 2000.
 D. Lednicer: Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, John Wiley 1998.
 G. R. Chatwal: Synthetic Drugs, Himalaya, New Delhi 1995.
 S. Hanessian, Total synthesis of Natural product: The chiral approach Vol.III
Pergamon Press 1983.
 W. D. Foye, T. L. Lemke, and D. A. Williams: Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (4th
Edition)
 R. B. Siwerman: Organic Chemistry of Drug Action and Design (Academic press,
1993).

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 CHM T 609: Advanced Heterocyclic Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Introduction

Definition of heteroatom, Aromatic and non-aromatic heterocyclic compounds, Classification

and nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds, important reactions with heterocyclic
compounds i.e. oxidation, reduction and tertiary effect of Nitrogen in heterocyclic compound.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Non-Aromatic Heterocycles

Different types of strains, interactions and conformational aspects of non-aromatic

heterocycles. Synthesis, reactivity and importance of the following ring systems: Aziridines,
Oxiranes, Thiiranes, Oxaziridines, Azetidines, Oxetanes and Thietanes.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Five and Six Membered Heterocyclics with One Hetero Atom

Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline, Isoquinoline - Synthesis and

reactions [Advanced synthetic methods are applied].
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Five and Six Membered Heterocyclics with Two Hetero Atoms

Synthesis, reactivity, aromatic character and importance of the following heterocycles:

Pyrazole, Imidazole, Oxazole, Thiazole, Isoxazole, Isothiazole, Pyridazine, Pyrimidine.
Pyrazine, Oxazine, thiazine, benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzthiazole.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Larger Ring and Other Heterocycles

Synthesis, structure, stability and reactivity of Azepines, Oxepines and Thiepines. Synthesis
of Benzoazepines, Benzooxepines, Benzothiepines, Azocines and Azonines.
(9 Hours)
Reference Books:
 T. Gilchrist: Heterocyclic Chemistry
 R. M. Acheson: An Introduction to the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds
 J. A. Joule & K. Mills: Heterocyclic Chemistry
 A. Paquette: Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry
 J, A. Joule & Smith: Heterocyclic Chemistry
 A .R. Katritzky: Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry

49 | P a g e
 CHM T 610: Chemistry of Natural Products
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Alkaloid – I
Occurrence and isolation, biological role of alkaloids, General properties, nomenclature and
classification of alkaloids on the basis of amino acid origin and present core structure.
Isolation, properties and structural elucidation of quinine, Morphine (structure, synthesis,
molecular rearrangement, stereochemistry and biogenesis).
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Alkaloid – II

Structure and biological role of nicotine, cocaine, quinine, reserpine, vincristine, morphine,
caffeine, papavarine, hyocimine. Strychnine and lysergic acid.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Steroid

Introduction, nomenclature of steroids, absolute configuration of steroid. Occurrence,

isolation, structute elucidation and chemical properties of Cholesterol.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Terpenes

Secondary metabolites: Definition and examples; terpenes – isoprene rule; mono terpenes:
structure of geraneol, limonene, alpha-pinene and camphor; sesquiterpenes: longfolene;

diterpenes: abietic acid, taxol. Structure determination of Citral and Camphor.

(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Vitamins

Introduction, chemical properties, structure elucidation of Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Ascorbic

Acid and Vitamin D. Vitamin A and its role in vision. Biological role of Vitamin D, Ascorbic
Acid, Vitamin A.
(9 Hours)

Reference Books:

 I. L. Finar: Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5th Edition

 S. V. Bhat, B. A. Nagaramgagi, M. Srikumar: Chemistry of Natural Products, Alpa
Science International Ltd, 2005 by
 O. P. Agarwal: Chemistry of Natural Products, Vol I & Vol II, Goel publishing
House, 1989
 J. R. Hanson: Natural Products: The Secondary Metabolites, Wiley-Vch, 1st Ed.;
2008.

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 CHM T 611: Solid State Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Crystal Structure

Crystalline and amorphous solids; symmetry in crystals, basic crystal systems,space lattice
and unit cell, Bravais lattice,miller indices, closed packed structure- hcp and ccp, packing
efficiency, limiting radius ratio and shape of ionic crystal, description of solids; structure
types Rock salt (NaCl), Zinc blende (ZnS),antifluorite( Na2O), Rutile (TiO2), Wurzite (ZnS),
CdCl2, nickel arsenide, CsCl, CdI2, Cs2O, perovskite ABO3, K2NiF4, spinels.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 2: Point Groups
Symmetry operation and symmetry elements, Plane of symmetry, inversion centre, proper
and improper axis of rotation, Product of symmetry operation, Relation among symmetry
elements and symmetry operation, classification of symmetry, symmetry elements in
octahedral and tetrahedral molecules, symmetry point group, representation of symmetry
operation by matrices, reducible and irreducible representation, Character tables.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Space Groups
Thirty two point groups, Representation of point groups and selected examples like 222,
mm2, mmm, 32 centrosymmetric and noncentrosymmetric point groups, space group:
Triclinic P1, monoclinic C2, monoclinic C2/m, orthorhombic P2221 orthorhombic F222,
Tetragonal 141 , space group and crystal structure of SrTiO3 and rutile structure of TiO2.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Structure and Properties of Advance Materials – I
Superconductors – (Ba,K)BiO3, Cuprates, LnFeAsO, MgB2, CaC6
CMR materials – La(1-x)SrxMnO3
Ferroic compounds – BaTiO3, PbTiO3, Bi4Ti3O12, SrRuO3
Peizoelectric materials- PZT,
Photoluminescent materials – Lanthanide compounds
Porous materials – zeolites, AlPO, MeAlPO, SAPO.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Structure and Properties of Advance Materials – II
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials – MOF compounds
Ionic Conductors – NASICON, AgI, NaAl11O17
Thermoelectric materials – NaxCoO2, AgSbTe2, CoSb3, Y14MnSb11
Compounds for intercalation and redox reactions – LiCoO2, LiVS2, NASICON, Chevrel
phases
(9 Hours)
Reference Books:
 C. N. R. Rao and J. Gopalakrishnan: New Direction in Solid State Chemistry,
Cambridge University Press, 1997.
 A. R. West: Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
 L. Smart and E. Moore: Solid State Chemistry, Chapman and Hall, 1992.

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 CHM T 612: Advanced Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Credits: Theory-03
Theory: 45 Hours
Unit – 1: Metal Mediated C-C and C-X Coupling Reactions

Suzuki, Heck, Stille, Sonogishira cross coupling, Buchwald-Hartwig and Negishi-Kumada

coupling reactions. C=C Formation Reactions: Shapiro, Bamford-Stevens, McMurrey
reactions, Julia Lythgoe olefination and Peterson’s stereoselective olefination. Olefin
metathesis by Ist and IInd generation catalysts: Reaction mechanism and application in the
synthesis of heterocycles.
(9 Hours)
Unit– 2: Reagents of Phosphorous, Sulfur, Silicon and Boron

Phosphorous Sulfur, Silicon and Boron containing compounds-preparations and their uses in
organic reactions.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 3: Oxidation and Reduction

Oxidation: Oxidation of hydrocarbons (alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkenes), Oxidation

of alcohols (Chromium reagents, Manganese reagents, Other metal and non-metal based
oxidants), Oxidation of ketones ( α, β-unsaturated ketones, α-hydroxy ketones, Baeyer-
Villiger oxidation of ketone)
Reduction: Catalytic hydrogenation, Reduction by dissolving metals, Reduction by hydride-
transfer reagents (Derivatives of lithium aluminium hydride and sodiumborohydride, mixed
lithium aluminium hydride-aluminium chloride reagent, DIBAL-H, NaBH3CN, sodium
triacetoxyborohydride, Borane and derivatives, other methods of reductions).
(9 Hours)
Unit – 4: Disconnection Approach, Umpolung Chemistry and Protection-Deprotection
of Functional groups
Basic principles and terminology-Target molecule, FGI, Disconnection, Synthon, Reagent
and Retro-synthetic approach. One group C-C and C-X disconnection: (disconnection of
alcohols, alkenes, and carbonyl compounds). Two group C-C & C-X disconnections: 1,3
and 1,5 difunctionalised compounds, α, β, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, control in
carbonyl condensation, synthesis of 3,4,5 and 6 membered rings in organic synthesis. Diels-
Alder reaction, connection in retro synthesis. Umpolung in organic synthesis. Protection and
deprotection for functional groups as hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic and carbonyl.
(9 Hours)
Unit – 5: Some Important Organic Reactions

Selective Stereoselective Organic Reactions with Alkenes: Sharpless Asymmetric

Epoxidation, Asymmetric Aziridination, Dihydroxylation, Amino-hydroxylation Reactions,
Oxidative cleavages of alkenes.
Green Chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry (Crown ether, Cyclodextrin and Clalixerins)
and multicomponent reactions (Ugi, Passerini, Biginelli, Hantzsch reactions).
Chemistry of Aliphatic and Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds: Epoxide, Aziridine,
Azitidine, Oxetane, Pyrrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline, Isoquinoline -
Synthesis and reactions.

(9 Hours)
References Books:

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 B. F. G. Johnson: Transition Metal Cluster, Wiley, 1980.
 R. H. Crabtree: The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, Wiley-
Interscience, 2005.
 G. Wikinson, F. G. A. Stone, and E. Abel: Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry,
Peramon, 1980.
 I. Fleming: Frontier Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions, Wiley, 1976.
 B. B. Woodward and Hoffman: Conservation of Orbital Symmetry, Verlag Chemie
Academic Press, 1971.
 S. Warren: Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach, John Wiley & Sons
(Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2007
 W. Carruthers and I. Coldham: Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, Fourth Ed.
Cambridge University Press.
 T. L. Gilchrist: Heterocyclic Chemistry, Pearson Education, 3rd Ed.2007

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 EVALUATION & DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS

(1) Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA): Forty (40) marks

(a) 1st Mid-Semester Examination: Maximum Marks 10
Duration of Examination: One Hour
Pattern of Question Paper:
Five (05) Objective Type Questions; each carrying one (1) mark
One (01) Short Answer Type Question of five (05) marks
(b) 2nd Mid-Semester: Maximum Marks 10 (as described above)
(c) Assignment (minimum one): Maximum 15 Marks
(d) Regularity in the Class: Maximum five (05) Marks:
Award of marks based on attendance will be determined as below:

Attendance Marks
90% and above 5 Marks
85 to 89.9% 4 Marks
80 to 84.9% 3 Marks
76 to 79.9% 2 Marks
75 to 75.9% 1 Mark
Below 75% Zero

Note: Total Marks of CIE will be 40 (i.e., 10+10+15+5). A candidate must have to
secure minimum 50% marks (i.e., 20 out of 40 marks). Failing so, s/he shall not be
allowed to appear in End Semester Examination.
Marks for two mid-semester examinations could either be awarded as
aggregate scored by the candidate in the two exams or as best of two. The
department may adopt suitable model.
(2) End Semester Examination (ESE)
(a) Theory Paper: Maximum Marks: 60 (Sixty)
Duration of Examination-Three Hours
Question Paper Pattern: The paper will be set so to cover all units/sections of the
syllabus as below:
Marks for
No. of questions Total
Type Total No. Each
to be answered Marks
Question
Long Answer Type 05 (one
Questions (one out of question 5 (from all five
12 60
two questions from from each questions)
each unit) unit)
Total 60
(b) Practical Examination:
Duration of Examination: Four - Six Hours
Question Paper Pattern –

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 Q.1. Principle/ Theory 10
Experiment Procedure 10
Results and discussion 10
Q.2 Viva-voce 10
Q.3 Record/ File 10
Total 50

(3) Total marks of each question paper will be 100 (hundred) for theory paper [i.e., 60 (ESE)
+ 40 (CIA)] and 50 (fifty) for practical paper (Grand Total: 150, Hundred-Fifty),
irrespective of their credits.

(4) Attendance
A candidate shall only be eligible to appear in the end-semester examination if s/he has
secured a minimum of 75% attendance as prescribed in the university ordinance.
(5) Grading
Each course shall be graded (refer table below) on the basis of marks obtained, on scaled
marks of 100, during a semester. There shall be absolute grading where mark obtained (out of
100) by a student in a course is converted to a Grade on a 10-point scale.

Table: Showing marks to grade conversion

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