ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF

FEDERAL TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

DEPARTMENT : TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM

GETU
.
3, march 2020
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The organization restructured in 2017 GC refers to the way that an organization arranges people
and jobs so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met The vision of the organization
is "to see truly, fast, reliable and reasonable price transportation distribute for all the people." Its
mission is to ensure the provision of modern integrated and safe road transport service to meet the
needs of all the communities for strong and unitary economic and political system in Ethiopia.

The authority organized the general manager, three vice general manager, nine core process and
seven supportive process managers together with nine special teams which is directly accountable
to the general managers and the vertical arrangements are small scale and decentralization of the
authority and decision making. The authority has wide span of organizational structure.

The authority issues and renews different categories of driving licenses, conducts vehicles
registration and producers ownership certificate, register transport vehicles owners association and
control and regulates their dispatches. Issue permit for different categories of garages and parking
operators, collects traffic enforcement penalty fees, register and regulates drivers training and
vehicle inspection of privates, companies and firms. These are the main type of services that the
authority delivers with its 650 employees which are almost permanently employed. The above
diversified types of services indicate that the authority is one of the well-known public service
sector and with plenty of customers.

The federal transport authority is public service enterprise which is established as part of ministry
of Transport under the proclamation to provide for the regulation of transport number 257/67but
restructured and became the road transport authority (RTA) IN 1976, following proclamation
No107/76.
KEY ACADEMIC THEORY
The main objective of this study was to investigate critical success factors and organization
performance of indigenous third party logistic businesses in the transport sector in Kenya. The
third party logistics industry has been constantly changing due to global industry consolidation,
technology integration, industry specialization, and industry alliance networks. Literature
presents five different critical success factors for creating organizational performance. These are
operation cost, innovation, resilience, quality service and relationship management. This paper
was to analyze from the retailers’ perspective, how factors of third party logistics providers could
 meet the customers’ needs better and create organization Performance in the third party logistics
market. The empirical data was collected through Questionnaires and interview schedules. In
total 181 Logistic firms were to take part in the survey, Census enquiry was used to get the
sample where operations managers in the indigenous third party logistic companies were
respondents who were interviewed. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive research
design an exploratory factor analysis, multi- collinerity test, inferential statistical analyses and
linear regression tests was carried out for each variable in the study. Data analysis was done
using SPSS to generate quantitative reports through tabulations, percentages, and measures of
central tendency. Validity and reliability was tested using a pilot study.
DEMONSTRATION
THE ABOVE THEORY EXPLAIN THE INDEGINOUS THIRD PARTY LOGISTICS BUSINESS IN TRANSPORT

SECTOR SHOULD COMPETENT GLOBALLY In total 181 Logistic firms were to take part in the
survey.SO they find out the problem provide and distribute questionnaires and collect data
empirically and interviewed the clients to solve the problems. and analyze the retailers’
perspective, how factors of third party logistics providers could meet the customers’ needs better
and create organization Performance in the third party logistics market.

ASSESSMENT OF CAUSE AND IMPACTS OF LOCAL CONTRACTORS’ TIME AND

COST PERFORMANCE IN ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY PROJECTS

The construction industry constitutes an important element of Ethiopian economy that the
Ethiopian government spends around 70% of the capital budget on infrastructure.

Road transportation is a key component of the economic and social development process, often
absorbing a high proportion of the national budget. Most, if not all, business economies, personal
economies, and public economies are the result of this transportation system. Road transport
system of a developed or developing country represents a major part of that country’s
infrastructure significance both in terms of investment made in creating the highway
network and its effect on the country’s economic development.

In the context of Ethiopia’s geography, patterns of settlement and economic activity, road
transport plays a vital role in facilitating economic development as 95% of the movement of
people and goods are still carried out by road transport. Road transport provides the means
for the movement of peoples and agricultural products from rural to urban areas and
movement of industrial goods, modern agricultural inputs and peoples from urban areas to rural
areas. Road transport also provides a means for the utilization of land and natural resources,
improved agricultural production and marketing, access to social services, and opportunities for
sustainable growth (ERA, 2014).
Recognizing the importance of the road transport in supporting social and economic growth and
its role as a catalyst to meet poverty reduction targets, the Government of Ethiopia has placed
increased emphasis on improvement of the quality and size of road infrastructure in the
country. However, there are challenges to achieve the required quality and size of the road
infrastructure. Thus, to address constraints, mainly low road coverage and poor
condition of the road network the Government formulated the Road Sector Development
Program (RSDP) in 1997. The RSDP has been implemented over a period of sixteen years in
four successive phases.

From the vague objective of the RSDP is increasing the Capacity of local Contractors.
However, the performance of those local contractors has faced challenges and the immediate
consequence of their performance is that increase in project costs than originally budgeted
and delay, among others (ERA, 2014).
There are several factors that are contributing to the performance of local contractors. This
research attempts to identify the major factors which affect time and cost performance of
local contractors in the road construction sector in Ethiopia and can serve as the way forward
for future work in how to enhance local contractors‟ performance and propose
recommendation in setting the responsibilities of stakeholders in enhancing the construction
industry by domestic contractors

The Performance of the Federal transport authority

When I have Consider the performance of the federal transport authority the organization has
mission and vision. so to implement the organization mission and vision they provide transport
policy procedures, and strategic plan. and all directorates cascading strategic plan, from users’
point of view in systematic manner an extend the organizational performance to all the regions
and two city administration. so they attempt to promote an efficient and effective transport
service, to the population, and minimize the traffic accident.
So All directorates have strong responsibili ty to reduce an accident . by providing, skilled man
power, reliable vehicles and modern public transport fleet management and terminals, safe
peoples from an accident

Justification of the problem

When we have compared the Ethiopia Road authority from federal transport authority they have
bilateral duties like construction of road infrastructure and deploy vehicles on transport sector.
The literature review of Ethiopia Road authority indicates attempts to identify the major causes
of poor time and cost performance of local contractors, consequential impact in the Ethiopian
road construction industry; which can serve as the way forward for future work in coping with
 this performance problem. low road coverage and poor condition of the road network the
Government formulated the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) in 1997. The RSDP
has been implemented over a period of sixteen years in four successive phases.

From the vague objective of the RSDP is increasing the Capacity of local Contractors.
However, the performance of those local contractors has faced challenges and the immediate
consequence of their performance is that increase in project costs than originally budgeted
and delay, among others (ERA, 2014).
Therefore the federal transport authority has three core directorates. Those are vehicles
qualification assessment directorate, driver’s qualification assessment directorate and public
transport service directorate. They are monitoring and controlling private company, to import the
vehicles, spare parts, repairing garage, annual inspection, giving training for examiner, control
driving training centers to find out skilled man power and give driving license.
So All directorates have critical responsibility to reduce an accident . by providing, skilled man
power, reliable vehicles and modern public transport fleet management and terminals, safe the
peoples from an accident.

Statement of the Problem

In our country transport investment can be very large and transformative in their nature, leading
in accompanying structure change (that is the movement of agriculture into industrial service)
they may be needed accompany the fast growth currently occurring in the country and should
developed infrastructure. The impact the variety of factors increase from time to time so we need
facilitate infrastructure, in addition they have been improved transport sector the organization
consider on capacity of vehicle, skilled man power on driving and fleet management to provide
vehicle to the passengers. So the organization assigned three directorates those are
Vehicles qualification assessment directorate,
This directorate has giving permission to private companies to import vehicles, provide
maintenance garages, assembling vehicles and to make annual vehicle inspection

 Drivers qualification assessment directorate giving permission for training centers , giving
training and certified the examiner and renewal driving license
 Public transport service directorate coordinate, support and control private transport
vehicles owners associations to deploy the vehicles and travelling the passengers. But they
cannot succeed the job as the passengers needs. consequently they can not provide the vehicles,
skilled man power and the vehicles capacity of routes and station. Regarding of these the
peoples are expose for an accident ,and the property is damaged.. As five years data collection
indicates since 2015 up to 2019 G.C an average 4479 peoples died,7090 severely injured ,6948
lightly injured and birr 904,875,389,432 property is damaged. Therefore the manager and
employees should be consider saving peoples from fatality and injured.
therefore the Authority will be evaluate the performance of transport policy, implement of
transport rule and regulation in transport sector. And consider the country is transform from low
level country into middle level countries and also transfer from agricultural sector into
industrial sector. So the authority will have been improved the performance of transport service
in transport sector by coordinating, supporting and controlling and they covering transport into
the population movement in transaction from rural area into the urban area or vice versa. so
the organization will facilitate transport service into the transport users, by providing skilled
man power , safe and reliable vehicles, infrastructure, and vehicle fleet station to secure the
passengers from traffic accident.
So the authority investigate the performance of departments and implement the transport policy
in the country to improve transport service..
Research question
• What does the performance of federal transport look like?
• To what extent does the authority, satisfied the customers ?
• How does the authority support the transport sector by coordinating stake holders ?

Purpose of the study

“In developed economies, transport investments and improved technology over the last century
have resulted in a continuous decline in transport costs, which in turn stimulated growth and
economic development. In low- and middle-income countries alike, the current potential for
transport policies to boost sustainable and inclusive growth appears to be large. This is especially
the case given significant backlogs of transport infrastructure investment in both rural and urban
areas, weak governance and inadequate regulations in the transport sector, and rising social costs
in terms of congestion, pollution and accidents, especially in emerging large cities. For example,
transport costs in Africa – with its poor infrastructure network – are considerably higher than
elsewhere (Teravaninthorn & Raballand, 2008)."

Objective of the Study

General Objectives
The General Objective of the study is to investigate what the Organizational performance
of ministry of Transport look like.

Specific objective

The specific objective of federal transport authority

1. To investigate what the organizational performance of the transport authority look like.
2. To examine the extent to which ministry of transport is monitoring and support federal
transport authority to satisfied the customers.
3. To examine how the coordination of transport sector and stake holders by federal transport
authority

Significance of the study

the study gives awareness and brings attention for the manager to implement the organization
strategic plan , improve the performance of the jobs , identify the success or faller of the
organization to take measures. And it helps towards the managers will improve the company
strategic plan and performance of the jobs to satisfy the transport users. and also the researchers
inspire to take the study as input to continue investigation and expand the study on this title.
Moreover, the researchers solving the problem by consulting the organizational managers. .

Delimitation of the study

The federal transport authority has seven branch in the city of Addis Ababa, the organization has
nine core process and seven supportive and nine direct accountable to general manager but this
study focus on three directorates such as vehicles qualification assessment directorates will
improve the capacity of the vehicle, maintaining garage, car assembling company. drivers
qualification assessment directorates will find out skilled man power, attending training centers
and giving training courses into examiner before certified them and Public Transport service
directorate also facilitate vehicles to deploy Public transport service to the passengers and paid
reasonable price on 2025GC, and the passengers will travelled freely from threat and the
passengers would get service with short distance

Definition of the Terms

Regions: means part of the country
City administration: means two administrations managed by federal government
Core process: means the department that is used to make the main organizational duty
Transport: means it includes different kinds of vehicles that is used for public and freight
transport.

Research design and methodology

The study of the research design will be .exploratory and descriptive in the transport sector. the
passenger will have threat from frequently happen car accident . so the transport sector have
not reliable performance. So to identify the problem, prepare request and distribute into
vehicles qualification assessment directorate, drivers qualification assessment directorate, and
public transport service directorate , and interview for department heads, distribute questionaires
into service users Collecting data cross sectional and also collecting information from varies
documents, books journals. finally we analysis data collection
.
population and Sampling Technique

The study will consider customers, employees and department heads from vehicles qualification
assessment directorate; such as vehicles exporters , owners of garages and vehicles assembling
company customers, employees and department heads. from drivers qualification assessment
directorate : such as trainees of driving in the training centers , trainees of approval i etc. public
transport service directorate passengers, employees of department and private public transport
association. and interview department heads using random sampling rule. the student researcher
can comfortably manage.

Types of Data to be collected

The study of data will be collected in corporate both primary and secondary data. The primary
data will be gathered from three department’s users, employees, and interview department heads
The secondary data will be obtained from books, company reports, journals etc.
Types of Data to be Collected
The study of data collected primary and secondary data. The primary data will be gathered from
three department’s users employees. interview department heads The secondary data will be
obtained from books, company reports journals etc.
Methods and Instruments of Data Collection
In this research survey, interview and observation shall be used as the methods of data collection.
In line with these methods, the instrument of data collection will be questionnaires, interview and
observation by prepared checklist. The questionnaire shall be classified as open end
questionnaires it gives freedom to the respondents and close ended questionnaire to department
heads, preparation of questionnaires should be easily respond by Team leaders, employees and
service users and tabulate and analyze interviewee. Interview shall be administered using a semi-
structured interview guide whereby the set of initial questions are set so as to probe discussions
during the interview session.
Organization of the Study
The study will be organized under five chapters. The first chapter is introduction which in
turn involves background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, and
objectives of the study, significance of the study, del imitation of the study, definition of
terms, research design and methodology, limitation of the study and organization of the
paper. (Hailemariam, G. (2011) 
Objective of the Study
General Objectives
The General Objective of the study is to investigate what the ministry of transport performance in
federal transport authority

Specific Objective
The specific objective of the study is to investigate what the Organizational performance of
federal transport authority.
1. To investigate what the organizational performance of the federal transport authority look like.
2. To examine the extent to which the customers satisfaction by federal transport authority.
3. To examine how the span of management is determined by the management of federal
transport authority
 Instruction

- circle on a letter of your choice

- do not write your name

A. General characteristics of the respondent

QUESTIONS

1. Sex
a. Male b. female

2. Educational background

a. below grade 12
b. Certificate
c. Diploma
d. First degree
e. Second degree & above

3. Work Experience
a. below 5 years
b. between 5-10 years
c. between 11-16 years
d. between 17-22 years
e. 23 & above years

4. Age
a. 18-24 years
b. 25-31 years
c. between 32-38 years
d. between 39-45

B. specific questions
5. What is the rate of involvement of regional transport office and stake holders?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low
6. A Job qualification of division of directorate much in your office ?
a) strongly agree b) agree c) neither agree nor disagree d) disagree e) strongly disagree?
7. To what extent of satisfaction the performance of the organization ?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

8. what is the rate of traffic jam in the cities of the country ?

a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low
9. There is reliable fleet to management in public and freight transport in the country?
a) strongly agree b) agree c) neither agree nor disagree d) disagree e) strongly disagree

10. To what extent does The performance capacity of the employees in the organization
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

11. What is stability the organization to Implement strategic plan ?

a. very stable b. stable c. neither stable nor instable d. instable
e. strongly instable

12. To what extent does the organizational structure comfortable for monitoring and controlling?
a. very high b)high c)moderately d)low e)very low

13. What is internal labor market in the organization?

a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

14. What is the workers commitment to improve the organizational service?

a) very high b)high c)moderate d)low e)very low

15. What is the capability of the team leaders in directing the workers to do the jobs they are
assigned for ?
a) very high b )high c) medium d) low e) very low

16. What is the capacity of your colleagues to make their work in the organization?
a) very high b) high c) medium d )low e) very low

17. There is a job qualification match in almost all the division of your office ?
a ) strongly agree b) agree c) neither agree nor disagree d) disagree e) strongly
disagree

18. The nature of the task contributed for the risen of in numbers of the team leaders?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

19. When you make your duties to what extent you need support another organization?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

20. Where is the rate of support you get from institution like regional traffic police and transport
bureau?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

21. In what ways is true does the organization involve the stake holders participation to
implement the organizational goal?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low
22. In what ways is true you feel happy with or in terms of work flow organizational structure?
a) very high b) high c) moderately d) low e) very low

23. Where do you the rate of collaboration between regional transport office and federal transport
Authority implement transport rule and regulation ?
a) Very good b) good c) medium d) weak e) very weak

24. The organizational transport fleet management suitable for the people of the country?
a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Neither agree nor disagree d) Disagree e) Strongly
disagree

25. What is stability of the organization to implement organizational strength plan?

a) Very stable b) Stable c) Neither stable nor instable d) Instable e) Strongly instable

26. What is the organizational culture of the workers to improve organizational service?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

27. How about human power to perform the organizational strategic plan?
a) Very strong b) Strong c) Moderate d) Weak e) Very weak

28. How about the workers commitment to perform organizational strategic plan?
a) very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

29. To what level the organization operational service to support by technology?

a) Very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

30. Where do you rate the capacity your colleague to make their work in the organization?
a) Very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

31. What is the attitude of top level management in sharing the authority to middle level
management in the organization?
a) Very high b) High c) Medium d) Low e)Very low

32. To What extent is the organizational structure helpful for delegation of authority? .
a) Very high b) high c) medium d) low e) very low

AA University
Faculty of Business
Department of Management
These interviews are prepared for the units head/ Department Head

1- Would you like to explain about organizational performance of federal Transport

authority ?

2- What does the participation of subordinates on decision making look like in your
company?

3- How do you see the role of the supportive forces to assist the organizational
performance?

4- How do you see the set of width of span of control across the organizational
structure performance of federal Transport authority?

5- How do you see the process based departments in terms of its contribution to the
organization?

Organization of the Study

The study will be organized under five chapters. The first chapter is introduction which in turn
involves background of the study, statement of the problem, research questions, and objectives
of the study, significance of the study, delimitation of the study, definition of terms, research
design and methodology, limitation of the study and organization of the paper. (Hailemariam,
G. (2011)

ለዲፓርትመንት ኃላፊዎች የሚቀርብ ቃለ መጠይቅ

1.የመ/ቤቱን የስራ አፈጻጸም ምን እንደሚመስል ሊገልጹልን ይችላሉ ?

2. በመ/ቤቱ የሠራተኞች የውሳኔ ሰጭነት ላይ ያላቸው ተሳትፎ ምን ይመስላል ?
3. በመ/ቤቱ የስራ አፈጻጸም ላይ የድጋፍ ሰጪ አካላት ያላቸውን ሚና እንዴት ያዩታል ?
4. በመ/ቤቱ ውሰጥ በድርጅታዊ የስራ አፈጻጸም ዙሪያ የቁጥጥር ስፋቱን እንዴት ያዩታል ?
5. በመ/ቤቱ የሚገኙ ዲፓርትመንቶች የስራ ተዋረድ መ/ቤቱ ለሚያከናውነው ስራ ያለ አስተዋጽኦ ምን ይመስላል?
6. አሁን ያለው መዋቅር መ/ቤቱ ለሚያከናውነው የስራ አፈጻጸም ያለው አስተዋጽኦ እንዴት ያዩታል?

ለትብብርዎ አመሰግናለሁ !
 አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ
ቢዝነስ ፋኩልቲ
ማኔጅመንት ዲፖርትመንት

በሠራተኞች እና በተገልጋዮች የሚሞላ መጠይቅ

ይህ መጠይቅ የተዘጋጀው በአዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርስቲ ተማሪ ሲሆን ለመመረቂያ የሟሟያ ፅሁፉን ለማዘጋጀት ነው፡፡ የምርምሩ
ዓላማ በፌዴራል ትራንስፖርት መ/ቤት የሥራ አፈጻጸም ለመገምገም ነው፡፡ የእርስዎ መልስ ምስጢራዊነቱ የተጠበቀ ሲሆን
እርስዎና ሌሎች የሚሰጡት መልስ ለምርምሩ መሳካት ወደር የሌለው ጠቀሜታ ይሰጣል፡፡ ስለዚህ በነፃነት ይመልሱ ዘንድ
በአክብሮት እንጠይቃለን፡፡

ማሳሰቢያ

- ምላሽዎን ከቀረቡት አማራጮች አንዱን በመክበብ ያረጋግጡ

- ስምዎትን መጻፍ አያስፈልግም

1 ጾታ
ሀ. ወንድ ለ.ሴት

2 የትምህርት ደረጃ
ሀ. ከ 12 ክፍል በታች ለ. ሰርተፊኬት ሐ. ዲኘሎማ መ. የመጀመሪያ ዲግሪ
ሠ. 2 ኛ ዲግሪና ከዚያ በላይ

3 የአገልግሎት ዘመን
ሀ. ከ 5 ዓመት በታች ለ. ከ 5-10 ዓመት ሐ. ከ 11-16 ዓመት መ. ከ 17-22 ዓመት
ሠ. 23 ዓመትና ከዚያ በላይ

4 ዕድሜ
ሀ. ከ 18-24 ዓመት ለ. ከ 25-31 ዓመት ሐ. ከ 32-38 ዓመት መ. ከ 39-45 ዓመት
ሠ 46 ዓመትና ከዚያ በላይ

የክልል ትራንሰፖርት ቢሮዎች እና የባለድርሻ አካላት ተሳትፎ ምን ይመስላል ?

5
ሀ. በጣም በከፍተኛ ለ. ከፍተኛ ሐ. መካከለኛ መ. በትንሹ ሠ. በጣም በትንሹ

6. በባለስልጣን መ/ቤቱ የሚገኙ ዳይሬክተሮች በስራ ላይ ያላቸው ግንኙነት ምን ይመስላል ?

ሀ. በጣም በከፍተኛ ለ. ከፍተኛ ሐ. መካከለኛ መ. በትንሹ ሠ. በጣም በትንሹ

7. የመ/ቤቱ የስራ አፈጻጸም ተገልጋዩን ከማርካት አንጻር ያለበት ደረጃ ምን ይመስላል ?

 ሀ. በጣም ጠንካራ ነው ለ. ጠንካራ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

8 በሀገሪቱ በሚገኙ ከተሞች ያለው የትራፊክ መጨናነቅ ምን ይመስላል ? .

ሀ. በጣም በከፍተኛ ለ. በከፍተኛ ሐ. መካከለኛ መ. አነስተኛ ነው ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

9 በሀገሪቱ የሚገኘው የህዝብ እና የጭነት ትራንሰፖርት የስምሪት አሰጣጥ የተዋጣለት ነው ብለው

ያምናሉ ?
ሀ. በጣም የተዋጣለትነው ለ. የተዋጣለትነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. የተዋጣለት አይደለም
ሠ. በጣም የተዋጣለት አይደለም

10 በመ/ቤቱ የሚገኙ ሰራተኞች የመፈጸም ብቃት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም በከፍተኛ ለ. ከፍተኛ ሐ. መካከለኛ መ. አነስተኛ ነው ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

11 መ/ቤቱ ስትራቴጂክ ዕቅዱን ለማሳካት አመቺ ነው ብለው ያምናሉ ?

ሀ. በጣም አመቺ ነው ለ. አመቺ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አመቺ አይደለም
ሠ. በጣም አመቺ አይደለም

12 የመ/ቤቱ አወቃቀሩ ለሥራ ፍሰቱ ያለው አመቺነት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ.መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው
13 መ/ቤቱ የሰራተኛ ዕድል መፍጠሩ ምን ያህል ነው?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ.መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

14 ሠራተኛው በመ/ቤቱ የሚሰጠውን አገልግሎት ለማሻሻል የማያደርገው ጥረት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ በጣም ጠንካራ ነው ለ. ጠንካራ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. ደካማ ነው
ሠ. በጣም ደካማ ነው

15 በመ/ቤቱ ያሉት የቡድን መሪዎች ሠራተኛውን ለመምራት ያላቸው ብቃት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

16 በሥራ ላይ ተሰማርተው የሚገኙ የሥራ ባልደረቦች ስራውን የመስራት አቅማቸው ምን ይመስላል

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. ትንሽ ነው
ሠ. በጣም ትንሽ ነው

17. ባሉበት የሥራ ሂደት ሥራና ሠራተኛ ተገናኝቷል ብለው ያምናሉ?

ሀ. በጣም ተገናኝቷል ለ. ተገናኝቷል ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ አልተገናኘም
ሠ ምንም አልተገናኘም

18. መ/ቤቱ ካለው የሥራ ባህሪ አንፃር ሲታይ የቡድን መሪዎቹ ቁጥር ምን ይመስላል?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

19. የመ/ቤቱን ግብ ለማሳካት የሌሎች የባለድርሻ አካላት ድጋፍ ምን ይመስላል

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው
20 የመ/ቤቱን የትራንስፖርት ዕቅድ ለማሳካት የክልል ትራንስፖርት ቢሮ እና ትራፊክ ፖሊስ እገዛ ምን
ይመስላል ?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

21 የመ/ቤቱ ስትራቴጂካዊ ግቡን ለማሳካት የባለድርሻ አካላትን ምን ያህል አሳትፏል ብለው ያምናሉ?
. ሀ. በሚገባ አሳትፏል ለ. አሳትፏል ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. በትንሹ አሳትፏል
ሠ. በጣም በትንሹ አሳትፏል

22 መ/ቤቱ ያዘጋጀው ድርጅታዊ መዋቅር ግቡን ከማሳካት አንጻር ምን ይመስላል ?

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

23 የፌዴራል ትራንስፖርት ባለስልጣን እና የክልል ትራንስፖርት ቢሮ የትራንስፖርት ህግና ደንብ

ከማስፈጸም አኳያ ያላቸው ግንኙነት ምን ይመስላል?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

24 በሀገሪቱ የትራንስፖርት ስምሪቱ ለህዝቡ ያለውን አመቺነት እንዴት ያዩታል?

ሀ. በጣም ተስማሚ ነው ለ. ተስማሚ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. ተስማሚ አይደለም
ሠ. በጣም ተስማሚ አይደለም

25 መ/ቤቱ ስትራቴጂክ እቅዱን ተግባራዊ ለማድረግ ያለው የሥራ መረጋጋት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም የተረጋጋ ነው ለ. የተረጋጋ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. የተረጋጋ አይደለም
ሠ. በጣም የተረጋጋ አይደለም

26. በመ/ቤቱ የሚገኙ ሠራተኞች የመ/ቤቱን የአገልግሎት አሰጣጥ ለማሻሻል ያላቸው የስራ ባህል ምን
ይመስላል ?
ሀ. በጣም በከፍተኛ ለ. ከፍተኛ ሐ. መካከለኛ መ. አነስተኛ ነው ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

27 በሥራ ላይ ተሰማርተው የሚገኙ የሥራ ባልደረቦች ስራውን የመስራት አቅማቸው ምን ይመስላል

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. ትንሽ ነው
ሠ. በጣም ትንሽ ነው
28 በመ/ቤቱ ውስጥ የሚገኘው የሰው ኃይል ስትራቴጂክ እቅዱን ተግባራዊ ለማድረግ ያለው ተነሳሽነት
ምን ይመስላል?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

29 የመ/ቤቱ አሠራር በቴክኖሎጂ የሚደረግለት ድጋፍ ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

30 በስራ ላይ ያሉ የስራ ባልደረባዎ ለስራ ያላቸው ብቃት ምን ይመስላል?

ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

31 በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ላይ ያሉት ኃላፊዎች መካከለኛ ላሉት ኃላፊዎች ስልጣንን /ኃላፊነትን/ ለማካፈል
 ያላቸው ፍላጐት ምን ይመስላል?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ኑው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው
32 የመ/ቤቱ አወቃቀር ስልጣን ከማካፈል አንፃር ሲታይ ምን ይመስላል?
ሀ. በጣም ከፍተኛ ነው ለ. ከፍተኛ ነው ሐ. መካከለኛ ነው መ. አነስተኛ ነው
ሠ. በጣም አነስተኛ ነው

ለትብብርዎ አመሰግናለሁ!!!

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
ASSESSMENT OF CAUSE AND IMPACTS OF LOCAL CONTRACTORS’ TIME
AND COST PERFORMANCE IN ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY PROJECTS

Infrastructure projects, such as road constructions, are one of the most important projects
in Ethiopia. Growth in this sector is critical for growth in national income as it is among
the largest sectors that generates employment within the country as well as a key driver
for economic development of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Roads Authority has administered many
projects at the federal level involving local contractors on the projects. However, projects
executed by contractors are facing critical problems with respect to time and cost
performance. There are several factors that are contributing to these time and cost
performance problems of local contractors.

Accordingly, this research attempts to identify the major causes of poor time and cost
performance of local contractors, consequential impact in the Ethiopian road construction
industry; which can serve as the way forward for future work in coping with this
performance problem. A thorough literature review and desk study was done, through
which a number of time and cost performance factors were identified in global and local
construction industry scenarios.

To obtain expert opinions from the sector, in total forty nine (49) factors and 15 possible
impacts were identified and made part of the survey questionnaire and the survey was
conducted with stakeholders from contractors, client, and consultants. In addition, case
study/desk study of 6 completed road construction projects at federal level were
investigated.

As a result of the study, inadequate planning and scheduling, poor project management
system by contractor and late possession of site by the client are identified as the most
important factors causing poor time and cost performance of local contractors. Among the
subsequent impact of these local contractor poor time and cost performance on the
construction industry; it discourages investment on road construction projects by the
public authorities and it creates adversarial relationship among the stakeholders are
identified as the most likely.

It is also recommended that the client (ERA) gives due attention to grant contractors
timely possession of site and local contractors to deploy experienced professionals in the
area of project management. The construction industry constitutes an important element
of Ethiopian economy that the Ethiopian government spends around 70% of the capital
budget on infrastructure.
Road transportation is a key component of the economic and social development process,
often absorbing a high proportion of the national budget. Most, if not all, business
economies, personal economies, and public economies are the result of this transportation
system.Road transport system of a developed or developing country represents a
major part of that country‟s infrastructure significance both in terms of investment
made in creating the highway network and its effect on the country‟s economic
development.

In the context of Ethiopia”s geography, patterns of settlement and economic activity, road
transport plays a vital role in facilitating economic development as 95% of the movement
of people and goods are still carried out by road transport. Road transport provides the
means for the movement of peoples and agricultural products from rural to urban
areas and movement of industrial goods, modern agricultural inputs and peoples from
 urban areas to rural areas. Road transport also provides a means for the utilization of land
and natural resources, improved agricultural production and marketing, access to social
services, and opportunities for sustainable growth (ERA, 2014).

Recognizing the importance of the road transport in supporting social and economic
growth and its role as a catalyst to meet poverty reduction targets, the Government of
Ethiopia has placed increased emphasis on improvement of the quality and size of road
infrastructure in the country. However, there are challenges to achieve the required
quality and size of the road infrastructure. Thus, to address constraints, mainly low
road coverage and poor condition of the road network the Government formulated the
Road Sector Development Program (RSDP) in 1997. The RSDP has been implemented
over a period of sixteen years in four successive phases.

From the vague objective of the RSDP is increasing the Capacity of local Contractors.
However, the performance of those local contractors has faced challenges and the
immediate consequence of their performance is that increase in project costs than
originally budgeted and delay, among others (ERA, 2014).

A public passenger transit system is complex,

because it involves two types of traffic unit, passengers and vehicles. The system
operations require supplying passengers with stations where they can access vehicles and then
travel in them between stations. These operations are subject to various capacity constraints,
depending on the traffic type and the situation in the system. The article provides a
framework for the analysis of a mass transit system, broken down into four subsystems that
respectively pertain to the Passenger, the Vehicle, the Station and the Line. Each subsystem
consists of several components that are involved in the system processes and interactions.

Within this framework, capacity phenomena are identified, described qualitatively and
classified into seven broad categories, namely: (i) the vehicle capacity of an infrastructure;
(ii) the vehicle fleet; (iii) the passenger capacity of a vehicle; (iv) the passenger capacity of
a route; (v) the passenger capacity of a station; (vi) the vehicle storage and movement
capacity of a station; (vii) the capacity of a station for interface with personal transport
modes. More- over, it is shown that capacity phenomena can interact in congestion gears,
 which impair capacity. Lastly, there are complex retroactive effects that involve either
network management or demand behaviour (through route choice which depends on quality
of service hence on congestion).[ CITATION Nes16 \l 1033 ]
.
 Transport Policies and Development
in developed economies, transport investments and improved technology over the last
century have resulted in a continuous decline in transport costs, which in turn stimulated
growth and economic development. In low- and middle-income countries alike, the current
potential for transport policies to boost sustainable and inclusive growth appears to be large.
This is especially the case given significant backlogs of transport infrastructure investment in
both rural and urban areas, weak governance and inadequate regulations in the transport
sector, and rising social costs in terms of congestion, pollution and accidents, especially in
emerging large cities. For example, transport costs in Africa – with its poor infrastructure
network – are considerably higher than elsewhere. Transport between Doula and N’Djamena
(in Cameroon and Chad, respectively) costs on average 11 US cents per ton-kilo meter,
versus 5 US cents per ton-km in France and 4 US cents in the US (Teravaninthorn &
Raballand, 2008).

Transport investments can be very large and transformative in their nature, leading or
accompanying structural change (that is, the movement out of agriculture into industries and
services). They may be needed to accompany the fast pace of urban growth currently
occurring in Africa and Asia. While the provision of transport is potentially crucial for
development, its impact depends on a variety of factors. Because these factors are not well
understood, there is often a risk that transport investments are not cost-effective and do not
produce the range of expected outcomes.[ CITATION Cla15 \l 1033 ]

 Transport capacity constraints on the mass transit system

A public passenger transit system is complex, because it involves two types of traffic unit,
passengers and vehicles. The system operations require supplying passengers with stations
where they can access vehicles and then travel in them between stations. These operations are
subject to various capacity constraints, depending on the traffic type and the situation in the
system. The article provides a framework for the analysis of a mass transit system, broken
down into four subsystems that respectively pertain to the Passenger, the Vehicle, the Station
and the Line. Each subsystem consists of several components that are involved in the system
processes and interactions.
Within this framework, capacity phenomena are identified, described qualitatively and
classified into seven broad categories, namely: (i) the vehicle capacity of an infrastructure;
(ii) the vehicle fleet; (iii) the passenger capacity of a vehicle; (iv) the passenger capacity of
a route; (v) the passenger capacity of a station; (vi) the vehicle storage and movement
capacity of a station; (vii) the capacity of a station for interface with personal transport
modes. More- over, it is shown that capacity phenomena can interact in congestion gears,
which impair capacity. Lastly, there are complex retroactive effects that involve either
network management or demand behaviour (through route choice which depends on quality
of service hence on congestion
2.1 Performance measurement concept
Defining the concept of performance measurement, the principles of performance
measures are outlined first, making the disambiguation between a performance measure and a
performance inde.x. Then, the needs from performance measurement in urban traffic
management and ITS are identified.
2.1.1 Principles of performance measurement
Performance measurement and monitoring significantly impact the development,
implementation and management of existing transport plans and programs, and largely
contribute to the identification and assessment of successful alternative programs and
projects. Moreover, performance measurement and monitoring enable obtaining the data
necessary to compare the performance of different projects and programs in future scenarios
and to evaluate the performance of the same project and system at different time points.
Accordingly, data obtained from performance measures are elaborated in order to construct
composite indices for these comparison and evaluation purposes. It should be noted, however,
that a measure may also be an index by itself; for example, travel time is a measure, but can
also be the sole part of a mobility index, which may consist only of the travel time element.
Transport plans and projects have goals and objectives that motivate the definition of
performance measures. Data requirements should be defined and analytical methods
should be chosen with the intention of generating performance measures and applying them in
a process of alternatives evaluation, decision-making support and ongoing monitoring.
According to this vision, transport planning and project design should be performance -
based in order to achieve the desired goals and objectives, and consequently improve
transport systems.
 The following components constitute a strategic performance-based plan:
 Definition of general goals and objectives of the transport plan or project
 Identification of specific performance objectives expressed in an objective,
quantifiable and measurable form
 Identification of specific performance measures to be used in measuring or
assessing the relevant outputs, service levels and outcomes of each component of the plan or
project
 Recognition of the factors that can be modified to positively affect the transport system
performance
 Description of the resources required to achieve the performance goals
2.1.2 Needs from performance measurement
Performance measurement should not be arbitrary but should be driven from and cater for the
needs that the users of the measures and the indices have. In the case of urban traffic
management and ITS, these users are the planning authorities of cities. To understand their
needs, 16 European city representatives participated in a focus group at the 1st CONDUITS
Technical Workshop in Rome in May 2010, where they were prompted to express how they
perceive performance measurement and what they would need from the new evaluation
framework. . (Luerent ,2011)
.
Goal-setting for employees.
Conventionally, these dimensions cover a wide range of organizational functions, such as
leadership, governance, human development and engagement, corporate citizenship,
business, and operational excellence, and supply chain management [11].
Measurement of organizational efficiency primarily depends on tracking the performance of
the organization within the following scopes:
.Monitoring progress of operational processes: Operational processes can be tracked to
measure the throughput, process cycle time to deliver the output along with the quality of the
output. This measure shows the health of the process;
Monitoring implementation of the strategy: Implementation of strategy depends on
establishing clear goals, timelines, resource requirements, and responsibilities. Once KPIs are
identified, tracking the implementation of the strategy becomes easy.
Organizational effectiveness was considered a construct throughout the 1980s but is now
considered more of a concept [12].
 The concept intends to understand how an organization accesses its resources and processes
and produces results to achieve its operational and strategic goals within specified periods
[13]. One of the prominent researchers of organizational effectiveness, Cameron (1978),
asserted that organizational effectiveness is the proficiency of the organization to access
essential resources [14]. McCann (2004) defined organizational effectiveness as the criteria
for the organization’s successful fulfillment of the purposes through its core strategies.
The author posits that organization efficiency could be measured by tracking both the
effectiveness and efficiency-related parameters of an organization. These parameters could be
grouped as external factors such as customers, suppliers, and competition and internal factors
such as leadership, strategy, quality, performance management, and employee satisfaction,
use of IT, innovation, and corporate governance. Using relevant metrics to track these
parameters would be the impetus for the measurement of organization efficiency [15]
( SAL-shiba,2017 )

 Organizational structure, service capability and its impact on

business performance of logistics providers in the B2B context
This study aims to verify what aspects related with organizational structure and service
capability contribute to the performance of logistics providers in the business-to-business
(B2B) context with client companies in supply chains. A sample of 80 logistics provider
companies of the South of Br[ CITATION fab10 \l 1033 ]azil was surveyed, from a universe of
companies that develop logistics activities, such as warehousing and inventory control,
transportation, scheduled deliveries, port operations and customs clearance. The survey
instrument consists of multiple scales to represent the construct variables related to
organizational structure, service capability, and business performance. The answers reflect
the logistics providers’ perception of their work performance for the main customer in the
supply chain. Resorting to multivariate statistical analysis based on structural equations
modeling – LV-PLS (Latent Variable – Partial Least Squares) with bootstrapping, we found
that the sole attribute that contributes for a better business performance of the logistics
provider is its ability to meet, both technically and operationally, the service contracted by the
customer. The ability to provide logistics service is positively and significantly influenced by
an organizational structure endowed with both autonomy and organization

2.1 Performance measurement concept

 Defining the concept of performance measurement, the principles of performance
measures are outlined first, making the disambiguation between a performance measure and a
performance index. Then, the needs from performance measurement in urban traffic
management and ITS are identified.

2.1.1 Principles of performance measurement

Performance measurement and monitoring significantly impact the development,

implementation and management of existing transport plans and programmes, and largely
contribute to the identification and assessment of successful alternative programmes and
projects. Moreover, performance measurement and monitoring enable obtaining the data
necessary to compare the performance of different projects and programmes in future
scenarios and to evaluate the performance of the same project and system at different time
points. Accordingly, data obtained from performance measures are elaborated in order to
construct composite indices for these comparison and evaluation purposes. It should be noted,
however, that a measure may also be an index by itself; for example, travel time is a measure,
but can also be the sole part of a mobility index, which may consist only of the travel time
element.

Transport plans and projects have goals and objectives that motivate the definition of
performance measures. Data requirements should be defined and analytical methods
should be chosen with the intention of generating performance measures and applying them
in a process of alternatives evaluation, decision-making support and ongoing monitoring.
According to this vision, transport planning and project design should be performance -
based in order to achieve the desired goals and objectives, and consequently improve
transport systems. The following components constitute a strategic performance-based
plan:
 Definition of general goals and objectives of the transport plan or project
Identification of specific performance objectives expressed in an objective,
quantifiable and measurable form
 Identification of specific performance measures to be used in measuring or
assessing the relevant outputs, service levels and outcomes of each component of the plan or
project
 Recognition of the factors that can be modified to positively affect the transport
system performance
 Description of the resources required to achieve the performance goals
Goals and objectives should be clear, concise, and achievable, in order to allow the
integration of performance criteria and project evaluation in the decision-making process.
Also, goals should be operational, namely a goal should be unambiguously compared with an
existing situation, in order to improve tracking between plans and implementation decisions.
Common practice has too often abandoned goals and objectives once the implementation of
specific transport projects started, also because of the lack of data or analytical tools to
reliably measure progress towards a goal or an objective.
Performance measures should objectively relate to the goals and the objectives identified. The
risk is that the selection of a single measure of system performance would affect the types of
projects selected and would introduce inherent biases, which should be reduced through the
adoption of several measures to evaluate system performance and possibly combine them
within a composite synthetic index. Also, performance measures should relate to
outcomes of system investments and project decisions, not only to the output. Outcomes
provide a better indication of the effectiveness of an activity proposed by the planner, while
outputs usually measure only the level of activity and not its actual result.
Performance measures should be classified according to dimensions or market segments.
Measures are related to broad goal categories such as traffic efficiency, traffic safety, pollution
reduction and social inclusion. These many dimensions make performance-based planning more
challenging in the transport field than in more narrowly focused sectors. Also, performance
measures can be classified according to whether they are multimodal or mode-specific, to
whether they apply to freight or passenger transport, the system level or the planning jurisdiction
for which they are most relevant. Lastly, performance measures can be classified by performance
from the user’s perspective or from the planner’s perspective. Performance indices, on the other
hand, should combine various measures into a single indicator, potentially covering multiple
dimensions or goal categories. Performance indices are relevant to planners and decision makers
that intend to reduce the complexity and volume of performance-related data that must be
regularly monitored or factored into a specific decision. An example is the Consumer Price Index
in Microeconomics, which reflects through a single number the cost of a broad “market basket”
of goods and services regularly purchased by the typical consumer. Especially for goal categories
such as safety the interest in defining a common performance index could be strong, as a
synthetic index can add great value to individual descriptors. This, however, may be difficult to
do in other areas, as the nature of some measures may make their combination meaningless
(adding “apples and oranges”).
2.1.2 Needs from performance measurement
Performance measurement should not be arbitrary but should be driven from and cater for the
needs that the users of the measures and the indices have. In the case of urban traffic
management and ITS, these users are the planning authorities of cities. To understand their
needs, 16 European city representatives participated in a focus group at the 1st CONDUITS
Technical Workshop in Rome in May 2010, where they were prompted to express how they
perceive performance measurement and what they would need from the new evaluation
framework. This led to the production of a city “wish-list”, which is described here. The most
important requirement from performance measurement, as expressed by the cities, is that it
should assess benefits. This assessment of the benefits does not necessarily indicate the direct
comparison of the effectiveness of a city’s policies with another, but signifies mainly the
evaluation of the benefit of a specific investment against its cost. Also, it relates to the
assessment of the usefulness of ITS, not with respect to specific applications, but rather as a
whole, which enables the identification of the limits of ITS in offering traffic management
solutions.
Another important requirement from performance measurement expressed by the cities is the
ability to assist traffic managers in their decision-making procedures. This is closely tied to the
previous requirement, as the assessment of the costs and benefits of existing policies and
technologies offers invaluable assistance to decision-makers in the form of “lessons learnt”.
However, it is frequently the case that no previous case studies exist and that decisions have to
be made based on projections. In that case, it is important to ensure that the projections are
supported by a priori performance measurement.
Other desired functionalities stated by the cities are that performance measurement should assist
contract monitoring, and that it should promote cities’ interests. Most importantly, the new
performance measurement framework should make use of existing data, as collected by cities
already, and should not necessitate the collection of any new data. Performance measures
should also consider the individuality of cities rather than adopting a one-for-all approach, and
should be of value to the cities without causing problems.
Last but not least, performance measurement should be easy to apply and simple to convey to the
public. It is important that indices are customer-oriented and the planning process should make
concerted efforts to assess customer satisfaction and perception of the transport system
performance.
In relation to the above, several considerations emerge for the development of a performance-
based approach:
 Performance measurement should reflect the satisfaction of the transport service user, in
addition to the concerns of the system operator or owner.
 Performance measurement before, during and after the delivery of a transport service
can affect the ability to diagnose problems and develop solutions of the planning organization.
 Performance measurement can benefit from the opportunity of collecting real time
feedback from system users, as the transport service is often consumed at the same time is
produced.
 Transport organizations should not neglect soft measures, such as customer perception of
safety, in favour of hard measures, such as number of highway accidents, because of the
difficulties in interpretation.
 Performance measurement should balance short- and long-term system needs and
Should recognize the need to balance short term results and long term benefits.
In summary, the performance measurement process should start with the definition of the
services that the planning organization intends to provide. Accordingly, oals and objectives that
can be made operational are defined, monitored performance measures are linked to
The study only focuses on the Roads and Transport Authority, which is one of the government
agencies in Dubai. Recommendations are provided to offer practitioners alternative solutions to
their weaknesses and set strategies to improve the effectiveness of their knowledge management
capabilities to promote continuous learning in the organization. This is the first study of
 knowledge management and learning organization carried out in Dubai or the United Arab
Emirates in the public sector. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ CITATION joh16 \l
1033 ]
Citing Literature the objective implemented and the measurement process informs transport
decision- makers how well services are being provided.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge management capabilities on
organizational performance in the public sector. Learning organization was included as a mediator
to investigate its effect on the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and
organizational performance. The conceptual framework provided a useful perspective to study
knowledge management capabilities in a government setting in Dubai.
Two hundred and fifty‐five usable questionnaires were collected from the survey. The respondents
were executives, managers and directors of the Roads and Transport Authority of Dubai, United
Arab Emirates. SPSS version 21 and amos version 20 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA)
were utilized to test the conceptual model. The findings show that knowledge management
capabilities have a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance. Learning
organization fully mediates the relationship between knowledge management capabilities and
organizational performance.[ CITATION MTo11 \l 1033 ]( Borella ,2017 )
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