ANSI/AWWA B452-14

(Revision of ANSI/AWWA B452-06)

AWWA Standard

EPI-DMA Polyamines

Effective date: July 1, 2014.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors June 17, 1990.
This edition approved Jan. 19, 2014.
Approved by American National Standards Institute April 15, 2014.

SM

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards
describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally
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lication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify,
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precedence over or displace any applicable law, regulation, or codes of any governmental authority. AWWA standards
are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory
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the Official Notice section of Journal - American Water Works Association. The action becomes effective on the first
day of the month following the month of Journal - American Water Works Association publication of the official notice.

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ISBN-13, print: 978-1-62576-028-9 eISBN-13, electronic: 978-1-61300-289-6

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 Committee Personnel
The AWWA Standards Committee on Polyelectrolytes, which reviewed and approved this stan-
dard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:

Francis J. Mangravite, Chair

General Interest Members

J.H. Bambei Jr.,* Denver Water, Denver Colo. (AWWA)

P.G. Hargette, Black & Veatch Corporation, Greenville, S.C. (AWWA)
F.L. Hinker, Santa Rosa, N.M. (AWWA)
W.D. Laraway, MPL Services Inc., Long Valley, N.J. (AWWA)
R.D. Letterman, Fayetteville, N.Y. (AWWA)
C.B. Lind, Mauser Corporation, East Brunswick, N.J. (AWWA)
F.J. Mangravite, Public Works Management LLC, Morris Plains, N.J. (AWWA)
C.C. Pintner, Germantown, Tenn. (AWWA)
S.J. Posavec,* Standards Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
D.R. Purkiss, NSF International, Ann Arbor, Mich. (AWWA)
J.C. Routt, Jan Routt & Associates LLC, Lexington, Ky. (AWWA)
S.H. Via, AWWA, Washington, D.C. (AWWA)

Producer Members

B. Johnson, Industrial Specialty Chemicals, Harvey, Ill. (AWWA)

L.P. Robinson, Kemira Water Solutions, Sparta, N.J. (AWWA)
G. Tichenor, SNF Chemtall, Riceboro, Ga. (AWWA)

User Members

T.A. Barber Jr., The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)

O.J. Dzydzora Sr., United Water, East Stroudsburg, Pa. (AWWA)
S. Liang, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, Calif. (AWWA)
C.K. Schreppel, Mohawk Valley Water Laboratory, Utica, N.Y. (AWWA)

* Liaison, nonvoting

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 Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this
format may be found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

Foreword 4 Requirements
I Introduction..................................... vii 4.1 Product Certifications/Affidavit of
I.A Background...................................... vii Compliance.................................. 3
I.B History............................................ viii 4.2 Description........................................ 4
I.C Acceptance (water supply service 4.3 Qualifications..................................... 4
applications).............................. viii 4.4 Chemical and Physical
I.D Acceptance (wastewater service Requirements............................... 4
applications)................................ ix 4.5 Impurities (Water).............................. 5
II Special Issues..................................... ix 4.6 Additive Requirements (Water).......... 6
II.A Safety................................................ ix 4.7 Impurities (Wastewater)..................... 6
II.B Spill Control...................................... x 4.8 Additive Requirements
III Use of This Standard.......................... x (Wastewater)................................ 7
III.A Purchaser Options and 4.9 Product Technical Data Sheet............ 7
Alternatives.................................. x
5 Verification
III.B Product Performance........................ xii
5.1 General............................................ 10
III.C Modification to Standard................. xii
5.2 Sampling.......................................... 10
IV Major Revisions................................ xii
5.3 Visual Inspection.............................. 10
V Comments....................................... xii
5.4 Test Procedures................................ 11
Standard 5.5 Product Performance........................ 14
5.6 Notice of Nonconformance.............. 15
1 General
5.7 Manufacturing Location Contact
1.1 Scope................................................. 1
for Quality Control Inquiries..... 16
1.2 Purpose.............................................. 1
1.3 Application......................................... 1 6 Delivery
6.1 Marking........................................... 16
2 References......................................... 2
6.2 Packaging and Shipping................... 17
3 Definitions........................................ 2 6.3 Product Technical Data Sheet.......... 18

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 Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI*/AWWA B452.

I. Introduction.
I.A. Background.  Chemical clarification methods have been used to improve
the quality of drinking water supplies since the late 1880s in the United States. In
1967, the first completely synthetic organic polyelectrolyte was accepted by the
US Public Health Service for use in treating potable water. The responsibility for
accepting additives for drinking water treatment was subsequently assumed by the
US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and administered by the Office of
Drinking Water as an advisory program. USEPA’s acceptance was made by the specific
name of the suppliers’ product and not by generic type. Epichlorohydrin dimethylamine
(EPI-DMA) polyamines (CAS† Nos. 25988-97-0 and 42751-79-1) are one of several
types of synthetic organic polyelectrolytes that were accepted for use in potable water
treatment under this program, which was discontinued in 1990.
EPI-DMA polyamines belong to a family of synthetic organic polyelectrolytes (also
called polymers or coagulants) used in water and wastewater treatment to improve the
performance of some unit operations in the treatment process, most often by increas-
ing the extent or rate of liquid–solids separation. Frequent applications are clarifica-
tion (the separation of solid particles) and demulsification (removal of liquid organic
particles). EPI-DMA polyamines are principally made from two monomers, epichlo-
rohydrin (EPI) and dimethylamine (DMA). EPI-DMA polyamines have a cationic
charge, a high relative charge density, and a low relative molecular weight, and they
are manufactured and sold in aqueous solution form. EPI-DMA polyamines are also
called polyamines, polyquaternary amines, and quartenized polyamines.
The important concepts to remember regarding EPI-DMA polyamines include the
following:
1. EPI-DMA polyamines are similar to polyDADMAC polymers in their solu-
tion form (ANSI/AWWA B451, Poly [Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride]) in their
use, handling, storage, and solution preparation.

* American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036.
† Chemical Abstracts Service, 2540 Olentangy River Road, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, OH 43210.

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 2. EPI-DMA polyamines are different from polyacrylamide (PAM) polymers
(ANSI/AWWA B453, Polyacrylamide) in their use, handling, storage, and solution
preparation.
3. EPI-DMA polyamines are supplied in an aqueous solution form that may be
referred to as liquids or aqueous solutions.
4. EPI-DMA polyamines are a family of polymers with a relatively constant
charge type and charge density but with different molecular weights and degrees of
branching.
5. The physical properties of EPI-DMA polyamines cannot be used to judge
product performance; only laboratory testing, pilot plant studies, or full plant trials
can discern product efficacy.
6. EPI-DMA polyamines may contain inactive ingredients, such as salts,
depending on the manufacturing method and formulation.
The user should consult the material safety data sheet (SDS) and product techni-
cal data sheet for product composition information regarding any specific EPI-DMA
polyamine product.
I.B. History.  The AWWA Standards Council authorized development of this
standard in 1979. The standard was developed by the AWWA Standards Committee
on Polyelectrolytes and was approved by the AWWA Board of Directors on June 17,
1990. The second edition of this standard was approved on June 21, 1998. The third
edition of ANSI/AWWA B452 was approved on Feb. 12, 2006. This edition was
approved on Jan. 19, 2014.
I.C. Acceptance (water supply service applications).  In May 1985, the US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement
with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party
consensus standards and a certification program for direct and indirect drinking water
additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water
Works Association Research Foundation (AwwaRF, now Water Research Foundation*)
and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The
American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with,
drinking water rests with individual states.† Local agencies may choose to impose

* Water Research Foundation, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.

† Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction.

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health
effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local
agencies may use various references, including two standards developed under the
direction of NSF,* NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health
Effects, and NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects.
Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accor-
dance with NSF/ANSI 60. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept
or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certi-
fication organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to NSF/ANSI 60 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an
unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines
(noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A
procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
ANSI/AWWA B452 addresses additives requirements in Sec. 4.6 of the standard.
The transfer of contaminants from chemicals to processed water or to residual solids
is becoming a problem of greater concern. The language in Sec. 4.6 is a recommenda-
tion only for direct additives used in the treatment of potable water to be certified by
an accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI 60 Drinking
Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects. However, users of the standard may opt
to make this certification a requirement for the product. Users of this standard should
consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by parties offering to certify products
for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
I.D. Acceptance (wastewater service applications).  This is the first revision of
ANSI/AWWA B452 that addresses wastewater service applications and standards.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. Safety.  EPI-DMA polyamines are not considered to be toxic as household
products nor primary skin irritants by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (US
Federal Hazardous Substances Act). Good housekeeping procedures and personal
cleanliness are recommended when handling EPI-DMA polyamine.

* NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48113.

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 Safety glasses should be worn when handling EPI-DMA polyamines. Appropriate
first-aid practices should be followed in all cases of exposure. In case of eye contact,
flush with plenty of water for at least 15 min. If irritation develops, call a physician.
Consult the SDS for the specific product for safety procedures before handling any
EPI-DMA polyamines product or solution.
II.B. Spill Control.  EPI-DMA polyamines should be disposed of according to
federal, state or provincial, and local regulations. A dike should be formed around any
spill area to contain as much material as possible, and the contained material should
be shoveled, scooped, or pumped, as appropriate, into suitable disposal containers.
Any remaining material should be removed by absorbing it on vermiculite or other
suitable absorbing material and placed in a sealed container for disposal. The spill area
should be thoroughly hosed with water after all possible polymer has been scooped up,
absorbed, or wiped up because liquid product can make floors very slippery. Use of
warm water is beneficial.
III. Use of This Standard.  It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA
standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use
in the particular application being considered.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives.  This AWWA standard can be used
to prepare a purchase specification, but is not itself a specification because it cannot
address requirements unique to the purchaser’s specific situation and does not establish
business relationships. In addition, this EPI-DMA polyamines standard does not
establish physical and chemical property specifications for any one EPI-DMA polyamine
product, because the physical and chemical properties of EPI-DMA polyamines do not
always relate to their performance in specific applications.
Below are requirements that the user might consider when developing an EPI-
DMA polyamines product purchase specification. This standard requires the supplier
to provide a product technical data sheet in addition to an SDS for each product and
requires specific information to be included in the product technical data sheet. The
information in a product technical data sheet may be used to establish or comply with
purchase specifications.
1. Compliance with the requirements of the latest revision of ANSI/AWWA
Standard B452, EPI-DMA Polyamines, for potable water supply service applications
(water) or wastewater service applications (wastewater), as applicable.
2. For potable water applications, compliance with NSF/ANSI 60, Drinking
Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects.

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 3. For potable water applications, compliance with USEPA Phase II Rule
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations, epichlorohydrin treatment technique
requirements (40 CFR 141.111).
4. Compliance with, approval by, or certification as meeting any other appli-
cable federal, state or provincial, and local requirements.
5. Description of the application the product will be used for.
6. Estimation of annual purchase requirements (pounds/kilograms).
7. Typical order quantity (number of containers and pounds/kilograms
product).
8. Shipping address (destination).
9. Special delivery requirements (need for truck with a lift gate; length and
coupling sizes of hoses needed for bulk delivery; transfer pump; allowed times of deliv-
ery; limitations on truck size or weight; other). Note any product physical property
limitations such as a maximum viscosity that cannot be handled by the storage or feed
equipment.
10. Order lead time (the number of days between order placement and delivery
necessary if typical lead times are insufficient).
11. Billing address.
12. Financial terms.
13. Insurance/performance bond requirements.
14. Active polymer concentration in the product expressed as a weight percent
(Section 3, 4.9).
15. Specific physical and chemical properties for quality control. Minimum
specifications should include visual appearance, total solids, Brookfield viscosity range,
and pH range of the product’s solution (from product technical data sheet). Verification
of physical and chemical properties should be by the methods specified in Section 5 or
by other methods acceptable to both purchaser and supplier.
16. Affidavit of compliance or certified analysis, or both, if required (Sec. 4.1.3).
17. Sampling requirements and protocol (Sec. 5.2).
18. Requirement for supplier to provide product’s manufacturing location con-
tact information for quality control inquiries (Sec. 5.7).
19. Marking requirements (Sec. 6.1).
20. Packaging and shipping requirements (Sec. 6.2). State any alternative secu-
rity measures adopted to replace or augment the security measures set out in Sec. 6.2.
21. State whether the purchaser may reject product from tank trucks (bulk),
containers or packaging with missing or damaged seals. State whether the purchaser

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
may reject product if it fails to meet specifications determined by testing from bulk
containers or packages with missing or damaged seals unless the purchaser’s tests of
representative samples, conducted in accordance with Section 5, demonstrate that the
product meets the standard. Failure to meet standard or the absence of, or irregularities
in, seals may be sufficient cause to reject the shipment. State whether a chain of custody
is desired (Sec. 6.2.2.2).
III.B. Product Performance.  Performance evaluation via a laboratory test or
pilot plant or plant trial or other performance test is essential for confirming EPI-DMA
polyamine activity (Sec. 5.6).
III.C. Modification to Standard.  Any modification of the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions.  Major changes made to the standard in this revision
include the following:
1. Requirement that suppliers provide product technical data sheets along with
SDSs (aka MSDSs).
2. Requirement that product technical data sheets contain specific information.
3. Improved guidance on establishing purchasing specifications.
4. Inclusion of a requirement for tamper-evident packaging. (Sec. 6.2)
V. Comments.  If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Engineering and Technical Services at 303.794.7711, FAX at
303.795.7603, write to the department at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO
80235-3098, or email at standards@awwa.org.

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
 ANSI/AWWA B452-14
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA B452-06)

AWWA Standard

EPI-DMA Polyamines

SECTION 1: GENERAL

Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard describes epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (EPI-DMA) poly-
amines for use in the treatment of potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water.

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum general requirements
for EPI-DMA polyamine products, including physical, chemical, sampling, pack-
aging, shipping, and testing requirements, and to provide the means of developing
requirements for specific EPI-DMA polyamine products.

Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in documents for purchasing and receiving
EPI-DMA polyamine products and can be used as a guide for testing the physical
and chemical properties of EPI-DMA polyamine product samples. The stipula-
tions of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and only to
EPI-DMA polyamines used in the treatment of potable water, wastewater, and
reclaimed water. Each section or subsection of this standard shall apply to both
water supply service applications and wastewater service applications unless the
section or subsection states that it applies only to water supply service applications
or the word water is stated in the title, or the section or subsection states that it
applies only to wastewater service applications or the word wastewater is stated

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Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.
2 AWWA B452-14

in the title. For reclaimed water, the purchaser must choose whether to apply the
water supply service or the wastewater service requirements, as applicable.

SECTION 2: REFERENCES

This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,

they form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any
case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
NSF*/ANSI 60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. APHA,†
AWWA, WEF.‡

SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply in this standard:

1.  Day:  A day is defined as a 24-hr period.
2.  Manufacturer:  The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
EPI-DMA polyamine products.
3.  Polymer:  The EPI-DMA (epichlorohydrin dimethylamine) polyamine
polymer in the product. Also called active polymer.
4.  Potable water:  Water that is safe and satisfactory for drinking and
cooking.
5.  Product:  The commercial material “as sold” containing polymer and
water and possibly containing other substances, such as salts.
6.  Product technical data sheet:  A document that provides technical infor-
mation, including the specific information required in Sec. 4.9, for the specific
product in question.
7.  Purchaser:  The person, company, or entity that purchases products,
materials, or services to be performed.
8.  Reclaimed water:  Wastewater that becomes suitable for beneficial use as
a result of treatment.

* NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105.

† American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001.
‡ Water Environment Federation, 601 Wythe Street, Alexandria, VA 22314.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 3

9.  Supplier:  The party that supplies products, materials, or services. A sup-
plier may or may not be the manufacturer.
10.  Tamper-evident packaging:  Packaging having one or more indicators
or barriers to entry which, if breached or missing, can reasonably be expected to
provide visible evidence to the purchaser that tampering has occurred. The tamper-
evident features of the packaging shall be designed to, and shall, remain intact
when handled in a reasonable manner during manufacture, storage, shipment, and
delivery to the purchaser. Properly constructed, labeled, and sealed drums, return-
able bins, pails, or bulk containers constitute effective forms of tamper-evident
packaging.
11.  Wastewater:  A combination of the liquid and water-carried waste from
residences, commercial buildings, industrial plants, and institutions, together with
any groundwater, surface water, and stormwater that may be present.
12.  Wastewater service applications:  The application of polymer for the
treatment of wastewater for any purpose other than for water supply service
applications.
13.  Water supply service applications:  The application of polymer for the
treatment of water for public consumption (potable water).

SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS

Materials shall comply with the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
and other federal regulations for potable water, wastewater, and reclaimed water
systems as applicable.

Sec. 4.1 Product Certifications/Affidavit of Compliance

4.1.1  Water supply service applications.  EPI-DMA polyamine is a direct
additive used in the treatment of potable water. This product should be certified as
suitable for contact with or treatment of drinking water by an accredited certifica-
tion organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI Standard 60. Evaluation shall be
accomplished in accordance with requirements that are no less restrictive than those
listed in NSF/ANSI Standard 60. Certification shall be accomplished by a certifica-
tion organization accredited by the American National Standards Institute.
4.1.2  Wastewater service applications.  EPI-DMA polyamine is a direct
additive used in the treatment of wastewater. This product should be certified by
its manufacturer or supplier or an accredited certification organization as suitable

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

4 AWWA B452-14

for use in wastewater service applications in accordance with requirements that are
no less restrictive than those of this standard.
4.1.3  Affidavit of compliance.  The purchaser may require an affidavit from
the manufacturer or supplier that the EPI-DMA polyamine product provided
complies with all applicable requirements of this standard for either water sup-
ply service applications or wastewater service applications, as applicable. Product
technical data sheets (Sec. 4.9) are required to state whether the product meets all
requirements of this standard for water supply service applications and wastewater
service applications. For products certified for water supply service applications,
the product technical data sheet is required to state the certifying organization that
approved the use of the product for potable use based on NSF/ANSI Standard 60
and the maximum use level permitted by that certification.
Sec. 4.2 Description
EPI-DMA polyamines are polyquaternary polymers produced from the reac-
tion of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin. Products that contain the EPI-DMA
polyamines may also contain residual amounts of epichlorohydrin and dimeth-
ylamine, as well as by-products or chemical transformation of epichlorohydrin,
including 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol or impurities of
raw materials that may carry through the manufacturing process. EPI-DMA poly-
amines are sold as aqueous solutions in a wide range of molecular weights. The
higher relative molecular weights are obtained by adding small amounts of branch-
ing agents, such as ammonia or ethylenediamine.

Sec. 4.3 Qualifications

Because EPI-DMA polyamines are a family of polymers, qualifications for
the physical and chemical requirements described in Sec. 4.4 cannot be generically
established. None of the physical or chemical requirements in this standard can be
used to identify the EPI-DMA polyamine product with the best performance in
a specific application. Only actual performance testing can determine this. There-
fore, these requirements are best used to ensure product quality and uniformity
after a specific EPI-DMA polyamine product has been chosen for use.
Sec. 4.4 Chemical and Physical Requirements
The chemical and physical requirements used for purchasing shall be
selected by the purchaser from the information in the EPI-DMA polyamine sup-
plier’s product technical data sheet (Sec. 4.9) determined by the methods speci-
fied in Section 5, Verification, or by other methods that are acceptable to both

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 5

the purchaser and supplier. Certain parameters in the product technical data
sheet, as stated in Sec. 4.9, are not to be used to establish chemical or physical
requirements for purchasing. The purchaser and supplier may mutually agree to
other chemical and physical requirements.
4.4.1  Appearance (visual inspection).  The clear-colored EPI-DMA poly-
amine product shall be free from visible foreign matter and sediment. Color may
vary from colorless to amber. Color has no known effect on product performance.
Viscosity may vary from relatively low to relatively high depending on the indi-
vidual product’s polymer content and molecular weight.
4.4.2  Total solids.  EPI-DMA polyamines are sold as aqueous solutions.
Individual products vary in polymer content and total solids from less than 10 per-
cent to greater than 65 percent by weight.
The total solids of an EPI-DMA polyamine product may be the same as or
greater than the polymer content. The supplier must supply the polymer (active
polymer) content of each specific product. The difference between the measured
total solids and the supplier’s stated active polymer content is the nonvolatile inert
and/or inactive solids of the product. Requirements vary with each product.
4.4.3  Bulk Brookfield viscosity.  The bulk Brookfield viscosity (viscos-
ity of the liquid EPI-DMA polyamine product as sold) requirements vary with
each product. Over the entire family of products, product bulk viscosities typically
range from, but are not limited to (not a requirement), 25 to 8,000 centipoise.
4.4.4  Bulk Brookfield viscosity of a specific solution concentration. Require-
ments vary with each product.
4.4.5  pH of a solution.  Requirements vary with each product.

Sec. 4.5 Impurities* (Water)

4.5.1  Absence of deleterious substances.  EPI-DMA polyamines supplied in
accordance with this standard shall contain no soluble inorganic or organic sub-
stances in quantities capable of producing deleterious or injurious effects to the
health of those consuming water that has been properly treated with EPI-DMA
polyamines in accordance with the supplier’s recommendations and within the
maximum allowed dosage.
4.5.2  Total chlorine-containing residuals.  Total chlorine-containing resid-
uals shall not exceed a level of 2,000 mg/kg on a polymer (active polymer) basis.

* See Sec. I.C of the foreword.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

6 AWWA B452-14

4.5.3  Individual chlorine-containing residuals.  No individual chlorine-

containing species of residual shall exceed a level of 1,000 mg/kg on a polymer
(active polymer) basis.
4.5.4  Other impurities.  EPI-DMA polyamines may contain measurable
amounts of inorganic salts, such as sodium chloride.
4.5.5  NDMA formation potential.  The users of EPI-DMA polyamines
should be aware that dimethylamine may react with disinfectants to form signifi-
cant levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).

Sec. 4.6 Additive Requirements (Water)

The user of EPI-DMA polyamines shall confirm that the EPI-DMA poly-
amine products they are using comply with the following requirements.
4.6.1  Product certifications.  The EPI-DMA polyamines product shall
be certified as suitable for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water by an
accredited certification organization in accordance with NSF/ANSI Standard 60.
Certification shall be performed by a certification organization accredited by the
American National Standards Institute. The certification protocol shall require
annual random retesting of the product.
4.6.2  Maximum use level.  The maximum use level specified for each spe-
cific EPI-DMA polyamines product by the agency certifying the product under
NSF/ANSI Standard 60.
4.6.3  Other requirements.  Any state, provincial, or local requirements
including approval, certification, and additive requirements.
4.6.4  Multiple applications.  The user of EPI-DMA polyamines should be
aware of the possibility that there may be more than one application of EPI-DMA
polyamines in their water supply system and that the additive requirements should
apply to the aggregate maximum effective use level of all applications.
Sec. 4.7 Impurities* (Wastewater)
4.7.1  Absence of deleterious substances.  EPI-DMA polyamine supplied
according to this standard shall contain no substances in quantities capable of
producing deleterious ecotoxicological effects to the receiving water into which
wastewater treated with polyamine in accordance with the supplier’s recommenda-
tions and this standard is discharged.

* See Sec. I.C of the foreword.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 7

4.7.2  Other impurities.  EPI-DMA polyamines may contain measurable

amounts of inorganic salts, such as sodium chloride.
4.7.3  NDMA formation potential.  The users of EPI-DMA polyamines
should be aware that dimethylamine may react with disinfectants to form signifi-
cant levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).

Sec. 4.8 Additive Requirements (Wastewater)

The user of EPI-DMA polyamines shall confirm that the EPI-DMA poly-
amine products they are using comply with any federal, state or provincial, and
local requirements, including any approvals, certifications, and additive require-
ments.

Sec. 4.9 Product Technical Data Sheet

The following specific information shall be provided for each product on a
product technical data sheet, which shall be provided by the supplier as specified
in Sec. 6.3:
4.9.1  Polymer type.  State EPI-DMA Polyamine.
4.9.2  Active polymer concentration.  The weight percent active EPI-DMA
polyamine polymer in the product as manufactured. For EPI-DMA polyamines
products, this shall be expressed as the weight-weight percent of the EPI-DMA
polyamines formed, assuming complete conversion of the reactants in which it is
assumed there is a single chloride atom for each EPI-DMA polyamine nitrogen
atom. If there is more than one chloride ion present for each added EPI-DMA
polyamine nitrogen atom, only one chloride ion may be included in the active
polymer concentration. The weight percent active polymer concentration or range
thereof shall be expressed to the nearest one-tenth of a percent.
4.9.3  Relative molecular weight among EPI-DMA polyamines. Report the
relative viscosity average or weight average molecular weight based on the follow-
ing relative scale expressed in g/mole:
Very High – greater than 0.5 million
High – 0.2 million to 0.5 million
Medium – 0.05 million to 0.2 million
Low – less than 0.05 million
4.9.4  Charge type.  Report EPI-DMA polyamines as cationic composed
primarily of quaternary nitrogen atoms.
4.9.5  Relative charge density.  For EPI-DMA polyamines, state 100 percent
on both a mole percent and weight percent basis so long as any branching agent

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

8 AWWA B452-14

added is less than 10 percent by weight in the final active polymer. If less than 100
percent, state the charge density on both a mole percent and weight percent basis.
4.9.6  Product form.  State as one of the following: aqueous solution, emul-
sion (or dispersion), or dry (powder/granular/flake/bead).
4.9.7  Appearance.  State the appearance.
4.9.8  Odor.  State the odor, if any.
4.9.9  Specific gravity or bulk density.  State specific gravity of liquids (state
temperature) or bulk density of dry form products (kg/cubic meter) expressed to
the nearest 0.01 unit.
4.9.10  Moisture content (dry form only).  State the weight percent moisture
(dry product form) in the product to the nearest percent.
4.9.11  Product viscosity.  State the Brookfield viscosity of the product at
room temperature (state temperature in both Fahrenheit (“F”) and Celsius (“C”)
degrees, typically 71.6°F (22°C). Provide a graph or table of the product’s viscosity
as a function of temperature 32°–100°F (0°–37.7°C) and state Brookfield viscom-
eter model, spindle, and speed used to develop the graph. Use of 12 rpm and the
procedure specified in this standard is recommended.
4.9.12  Solution viscosity.  Provide a graph or table of the product’s viscos-
ity as a function of dilution at room temperature or at several temperatures. State
the temperatures in both Fahrenheit and Celsius, the type of water used, and the
Brookfield viscometer model, spindle, and speed used to develop the graph. Use of
12 rpm and the procedure specified in this standard is recommended. Use of tap
water to prepare the product solution is recommended. Use of distilled or deion-
ized water is not recommended. If the viscosity is less than 30 cps, state the actual
viscosity is less than 30 centipoises.
4.9.13  Shelf life.  Report the length of time the neat product can reason-
ably be expected to retain 100 percent of its effectiveness.
4.9.14  Freezing point.  State in both Fahrenheit and Celsius degrees.
4.9.15  Freeze-thaw stability.  State the number of freeze-thaw cycles after
which degradation of the product’s effectiveness can reasonably be expected.
4.9.16  pH of a solution.  State the pH of a specific concentration of the
product. State the weight percent concentration of the product and the tempera-
ture at which this measurement was made.
4.9.17  Volatile organic content.  State the weight percent volatile organic
compounds (“VOC”) in the product. Volatile organic content should be used for

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 9

general information purposes and cannot be used as a purchase specification or for

quality control purposes.
4.9.18  Certification of meeting AWWA standard (Water).  State whether the
product meets all requirements of ANSI/AWWA B452, EPI-DMA Polyamines, for
water supply service applications.
4.9.19  Certification of meeting AWWA Standard (Wastewater).  State whether
the product meets all requirements of ANSI/AWWA B452, EPI-DMA Polyamines,
for wastewater service applications.
4.9.20  Certification of potable approval and maximum use level
(Water).  State the certifying organization that certified the use of the product for
potable use based on NSF/ANSI Standard 60 and the maximum use level permit-
ted by that certification for water supply service applications.
4.9.21  Laboratory solution preparation procedure.  State the product dilu-
tion concentration recommended to be used for laboratory jar tests of the product’s
efficacy on 1-L samples for water and/or wastewater clarification applications. State
the laboratory solution preparation procedure that may be used to obtain effective
dilution of the product without loss of effectiveness. State the approximate shelf
life of diluted concentration solutions and the storage conditions to which the
shelf life applies. State the range of product concentrations to which this procedure
effectively applies. State what quality water must be used for the dilution. State
concentrations on a volume/volume percentage for liquids and a weight/volume
percentage for solids.
4.9.22  Product storage.  State the recommended storage conditions for liq-
uid products stored in drums and in bulk.
4.9.23  Product feeding (general guidelines).  State the general guidelines for
effectively preparing dilutions of the product and pumping it into an application.
State what quality dilution water should be used. State the generic types of pumps
and mixers that can be used and which type, if any, that is preferred. State the stor-
age and feeding system materials of construction that are most compatible with the
product, including pipes, tanks, and rubber parts. State any temperature require-
ments with respect to storing and feeding.
4.9.24  Product samples.  State a phone number, fax number, address and
contact name or title that can be contacted to obtain small samples of the product
to use in laboratory testing.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

10 AWWA B452-14

4.9.25  Product family information.  EPI-DMA polyamines are a family

of cationic water-soluble materials that have a constant charge density. They are
produced in different molecular weights and degrees of branching and are sup-
plied as aqueous solutions at concentrations of up to 65 percent by weight of
active polymer.
4.9.26  Total solids (optional, liquid forms only).  State the total solids of
the product as determined by the procedure in Sec. 5.4.1 or state the procedure, if
materially different from Sec. 5.4.1.

SECTION 5: VERIFICATION

Sec. 5.1 General

The methods provided in this standard are acceptable for determining varia-
tions in EPI-DMA polyamine product physical and chemical properties, but may
not provide exactly the same quantitative result as another equally valid method.

Sec. 5.2 Sampling

Sampling should be done at the point of destination. Samples shall be taken
from each tank car, tank truck, returnable or nonreturnable bin, or a representa-
tive drum or pail. Each sample shall be sealed in a dry, airtight glass container
(do not use plastic containers) and carefully identified with a label to include the
following information: date and place of sampling, product name/number, lot
number, name of supplier, name of sampler, and date of delivery. Sample size
should be at least 8 oz (200 mL). Three samples of each lot or shipment should
be taken for compliance with the rejection procedure (Sec. 5.5 and 5.6). Samples
should be thoroughly shaken before each test portion is analyzed. Laboratory
examination of the sample should be completed as soon as possible. Samples
should be disposed of as soon as possible after they reach their stated shelf life.
Sec. 5.3 Visual Inspection
Visual inspection is the easiest qualitative test that can be used for quality
assurance of EPI-DMA polyamine products. It is essential that the sample being
inspected is taken properly, stored properly, and inspected as soon as possible dur-
ing or after the shipment of product is received. The sample shall be observed indi-
vidually and may also be compared with a previously acceptable sample that has
been stored properly and is within its shelf life.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 11

Sec. 5.4 Test Procedures

5.4.1  Total solids.  This procedure is one of several that are applicable to
determining the total solids content of EPI-DMA polyamine products. The proce-
dure is not corrected for inert ingredients; therefore, it may not give the polymer
content of the sample.
5.4.1.1  Apparatus.
1. Analytical balance.
2. Aluminum weighing dish.
3. Dropper pipettes or syringes, glass or plastic, 1.0 to 10 mL.
4. Forced draft oven, capable of maintaining temperature at ±2°C of set
point.
5. Desiccator and desiccant.
5.4.1.2  Procedure.
1. Heat aluminum pans in oven at 105°C for a minimum of 1 hr; remove
and cool in a desiccator.
2. Record tare weight of aluminum weighing pan to nearest 0.0001 g.
3. Using a syringe or dropper pipette, dispense sufficient EPI-DMA poly-
amine product in the weighing dish to yield a desired residue of 0.45 g ±0.05 g.
Record the total weight of the sample plus the weighing dish to the nearest 0.0001 g.
For an EPI-DMA polyamine that has an active polymer concentration of 50 percent
by weight, add 1.1 g. Proportionally increase the amount of product added to the
dish if the product contains less than 50 percent active polymer such that 0.55 g of
active polymer is added. Spread the sample over the surface of the aluminum dish
to avoid formation of a crust during drying. It may be necessary to add 3 to 5 mL of
deionized water to assist spreading.
4. Place the aluminum weighing dish containing the weighed sample in a
105°C to 110°C forced draft oven for 3 hr.
5. Remove the aluminum dish from the oven and cool in a desiccator. Weigh
the cooled dish to the nearest 0.0001 g.
5.4.1.3  Calculation.
(weight of dish + dry sample) – (weight of empty dish)
% total solids = × 100 (Eq 1)
(weight of dish + wet sample) – (weight of empty dish)
5.4.1.4  Notes.
1. Samples should be run in duplicate.
2. The difference between duplicate samples should be less than ±0.5 percent.
If it is greater than ±0.5 percent, the test should be rerun.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

12 AWWA B452-14

5.4.2  Bulk Brookfield viscosity.  A Brookfield Synchro-Lectric LVT vis-

cometer* or equivalent is used. The readings are taken with an appropriate spindle
number at an appropriate spindle speed, at a constant temperature. The spindle
number needed depends on viscosity range of the specific product being analyzed.
The viscosity of EPI-DMA polyamine solutions increases with polymer/solids and
molecular weight. EPI-DMA polyamine solutions are thixotropic, such that their
viscosity will decrease with increasing spindle speed. It is best to use the spindle
and speed used by the manufacturer of the product for quality control purposes.
However, in the absence of such information, a speed of 12 rpm may be used and
the spindle varied to give a reading in the center of the viscometer’s range.
5.4.2.1  Apparatus.
1. Viscometer, Brookfield, Model LVT or equivalent.
2. Beaker, 180-mL tall form Griffin or other container of equal diameter
and depth.
5.4.2.2  Procedure.
1. Set up the viscometer without the guard attached. Level the instrument.
2. Attach the spindle specified by the polymer supplier. (Note: Left-handed
threads.) If no specific spindle is specified by the manufacturer, start with spindle
No. 1 and proceed through step 9, and then repeat steps 2 through 9, if necessary,
with increasing spindle numbers, until a spindle is found that gives a reading in
step 9 that is in the middle of the viscometer’s scale range.
3. Pour enough sample into the container to cover the spindle up to the
groove.
4. Adjust the temperature of the sample to 25°C ± 1°C.
5. Lower the viscometer with the spindle attached in the sample until the
surface of the sample is at the groove on the spindle shaft. The spindle should not
contact the bottom of the container.
6. Set the viscometer to the chosen rpm.
7. Turn on the viscometer motor.
8. After the needle reaches a steady reading and after at least 10 revolutions,
depress the clutch lever on the back of the viscometer to “freeze” the needle on the
scale. With the clutch depressed, stop the viscometer motor when the needle is vis-
ible in the viscometer window.
9. Read and record the position of the needle on the scale.
10. Repeat steps 7 to 9 to obtain three readings.

* Brookfield Engineering Laboratories Inc., 11 Commerce Blvd., Middleboro, MA 02346.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 13

5.4.2.3  Calculations.
1. Average the three readings.
2. Obtain the Brookfield viscosity by multiplying the average reading calcu-
lated in step 1 by the factor for that spindle and speed supplied by the viscometer
manufacturer.
5.4.3  Brookfield viscosity of an EPI-DMA polyamine solution.  Choose a
concentration and the basis of the concentration (weight or volume) to be prepared.
Prepare the solution. If possible, the concentration and basis of concentration
should be chosen from the supplier’s product technical data sheet specifications.
For solution form EPI-DMA polyamines, the polymer is simply diluted with water
and stirred until homogeneous to prepare a less concentrated solution. Measure the
Brookfield viscosity by the method described in Sec. 5.4.2.
5.4.4  pH of a solution.
5.4.4.1  Apparatus.
1. pH meter.
2. Fiber junction and reference electrode.
3. pH reference buffer solutions above and below the pH range to be tested.
4. 180-mL tall form Griffin beaker or equivalent.
5. Thermometer.
6. EPI-DMA polyamine product solution. The specific concentration of the
solution should be chosen from the supplier’s product technical data sheet. Alter-
natively, the solution prepared for the Brookfield viscosity of an EPI-DMA poly-
amine solution test (Sec. 5.4.3) can be used.
5.4.4.2  Procedure.
1. Standardize the pH meter with buffer solutions above and below the pH
range to be tested.
2. Add polymer solution to a 180-mL beaker.
3. Adjust the temperature setting of the pH meter to that of the polymer
solution, which should be at room temperature, 25°C ± 2°C.
4. Measure the pH of the polymer solution.
5. Thoroughly rinse the electrodes after each test.
5.4.5  Percent sodium chloride.
5.4.5.1  Procedure.  Determine sodium content by flame emission pho-
tometry, sodium ion electrode analysis, or using standard techniques as described
in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

14 AWWA B452-14

5.4.5.2  Calculation.  Calculate NaCl content:

%NaCl = %Na × 58.5 (Eq 2)
23
5.4.6  Other inorganic impurities.  Inorganic impurities other than sodium
chloride, if any, shall be determined by the procedures described in Standard Meth-
ods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or by other accepted, applicable
techniques.
5.4.7  Determination of EPI-DMA polyamine.  This procedure is one of
several that are applicable to the determination of EPI-DMA polyamine. This par-
ticular procedure determines the total solids in the sample and the NaCl content.
The polymer content is then calculated as follows:
% Active EPI-DMA polyamine = % total solids – % NaCl (Eq 3)

Total solids are determined by the procedure in Sec. 5.4.1 and NaCl from the
procedure in Sec. 5.4.5. The previous equation assumes that sodium chloride is the
only inorganic salt present.
5.4.8  Determination and quantification of residual epichlorohydrin,
1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol, and in EPI-DMA polyamine. In
this procedure, the epichlorohydrin (EPI), 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (DCIPA) and
2,3-dichloro-1-propanol (DCP) are extracted from the polymer with a 50/50 (v/v)
solution of isopropanol methylene chloride, followed by chromatographic separation,
and quantified by using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. The
analytical procedure used should be that described in the NSF/ANSI Standard 60.

Sec. 5.5 Product Performance

The tests and requirements set forth in this standard can help determine if
one sample of a specific product is similar to another sample of that same product,
an important part of quality control. The performance of a polymer is the result
of a specific interaction between the polymer molecules and the particles that they
are helping to remove. This interaction is also influenced by the composition and
temperature of the water. Performance will change if the polymer, the particle, or
the water changes. There are no analytical tests that can reliably determine changes
in the particles. Thus, a change in an EPI-DMA polyamine product’s performance
in a water or wastewater treatment plant or even in a laboratory performance test
cannot determine with certainty that the product’s activity has changed unless
the present product sample is compared with a properly stored sample of the same
product taken when its performance was observed to be adequate.

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 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 15

If the old (acceptable) and new product samples perform similarly in a labo-
ratory performance test (jar test, etc.), the product has not changed, even if the
observed performance is different from that originally observed. If the perfor-
mance of both of the samples remains unacceptable, a different polymer (molecular
weight, charge type, charge density, etc.) may be needed, and a thorough rescreen-
ing of all available types of polymers should be undertaken.
If the performance of the old (acceptable) and new product samples differ sig-
nificantly, their physical and chemical properties should be compared, as described
in this standard, both to each other and to the typical physical property values
stated on the product’s technical data sheet. If their physical and chemical prop-
erties are also different, the polymers are different or one has changed. If they
are similar, a second laboratory performance comparison should be undertaken,
because this testing is sometimes subject to error or different interpretation. It is
important to consult the supplier in these situations. The supplier can help identify
which requirements are most important, suggest other tests specific to that product
and application, and interpret the data.
An important part of verification is to retain, label, and properly store samples
of product used to determine acceptable performance. While EPI-DMA polyamine
samples are relatively stable, it still is important to take samples periodically, prefer-
ably of all shipments and lots. Generally, when stored at room temperature, most
EPI-DMA polyamines are stable for at least a year. Check the product’s technical
data sheet for shelf-life information.
Verification is improved if the test procedures outlined in this standard or
separately agreed on by the purchaser and supplier are tried in the purchaser’s labo-
ratory to confirm knowledge of the test, availability of necessary equipment, and
confidence in the procedure at the onset of the EPI-DMA polyamine product’s use.
Sec. 5.6 Notice of Nonconformance*
If the EPI-DMA polyamine delivered to the purchaser does not meet the
chemical, physical, safety, or security requirements of this standard, the purchaser
shall provide a notice of nonconformance to the supplier within 30 days after
receipt of the shipment at the point of destination. The results of the purchaser’s test
shall prevail unless the supplier notifies the purchaser within five days after receipt

* There is an associated uncertainty or lack of precision involved in the experimental determination of any value.
Therefore, when comparing measured values with those indicated by the manufacturer’s or supplier’s affidavit of
compliance, the value indicated by the affidavit of compliance should fall within the range of the measured value,
that is, within the range set by the average and its standard deviation.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

16 AWWA B452-14

of the notice of nonformance that a retest is desired. On receipt of the request for a
retest, the purchaser shall forward to the supplier one of the sealed samples taken in
accordance with Sec. 5.2. In the event that the test results obtained by the supplier
do not agree with the test results obtained by the purchaser, the other sealed sample
shall be forwarded, unopened, for analysis to a referee laboratory agreed on by both
parties. The results of the referee analysis shall be accepted as final.
Material not complying with the requirements of this standard and the pur-
chaser’s documents may be rejected. Replacement and retesting shall be accom-
plished in accordance with the purchaser’s documents.
Because the exact concentration of the active ingredient in specific shipments
of some materials can vary within an acceptable range (thereby conforming to the
standard), the purchase documents between purchaser and supplier should address
treatment of concentration variation.
Sec. 5.7 Manufacturing Location Contact for Quality Control Inquiries
For purposes of quality control, the purchaser may request and the supplier
must supply the location of manufacture of the polymer batch in question along
with the phone number and name of the person at that manufacturing location
whom the purchaser can directly contact to obtain quality control data on the
batch of polymer in question and discuss the quality control data and the analyti-
cal tests used. At the time of the request, the purchaser must supply the following
information about the polymer product batch whose quality is in question: product
supplier (company name and location, contact person, phone number), product
name and number, product batch number, date the shipment of polymer contain-
ing the batch was received, the quantity (number of drums, number of pounds if
dry, number of gallons if bulk) of the shipment in which the product was received,
and the amount of the shipment the batch in question represents.

SECTION 6: DELIVERY*

Sec. 6.1 Marking

6.1.1  Required.  Each shipment of EPI-DMA polyamines shall be identi-
fied as to product, grade, net weight, name and address of the manufacturer or

* Governmental packaging and marking references reflect US requirements. Users of ANSI/AWWA B452 outside
the United States should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements. Because these regulations
change frequently, all parties should remain informed of possible revision. Provisions of the purchaser’s documents
should not preclude compliance with applicable regulations.

Copyright © 2014 American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.

 EPI-DMA POLYAMINES 17

supplier, and the brand name. Packages or containers shall show a lot number
and identification of manufacturer, production facility identification number that
is traceable through the supplier to the location of production, and the product
number. In addition, EPI-DMA polyamines that are approved for potable water
service under NSF/ANSI Standard 60 shall be so marked. Markings on packaged,
containerized, or bulk shipments shall conform to applicable laws and regulations,
including requirements established by the US Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA).
6.1.2  Optional.  Packages may also bear the statement, “Guaranteed by
(name of supplier or manufacturer) to meet the requirements of ANSI/AWWA B452,
EPI-DMA Polyamines,” provided that the requirements of this standard are met.
Sec. 6.2 Packaging and Shipping
EPI-DMA polyamines are supplied in drums, returnable or nonreturnable
bins, pails, or in bulk. If shipped in bulk by tank car, tank truck, or railcar, the
tanks shall be thoroughly cleaned before shipping EPI-DMA polyamines. Truck
shipments shall be accompanied by weight tickets, which are machine printed and
dated. The shipper shall follow federal, state or provincial, and local requirements.
The purchaser may require that bulk shipments of EPI-DMA polyamines
(tank trucks, tank cars, etc.) have all openings sealed at the time of loading to
detect possible tampering with the product during shipment. The purchaser may
also require that bulk shipments be made in trucks dedicated to, or suitable for,
food-grade substances with the understanding that these dedicated trucks are
less available and entail higher shipping rates. If the EPI-DMA polyamine is
being shipped in tank trucks by a shipping company that does not accept EPI-
DMA polyamines as food, the shipping company will not allow shipment of
EPI-DMA polyamines on food-grade trucks. If the purchaser requires shipment
on food-grade trucks, the purchaser, supplier, and shipping company should
agree on acceptable clean-out procedures and prior content of the nonfood-grade
tank trucks used for shipping.
6.2.1  Security requirements for nonbulk shipments.  Packaged product shall
be stored, shipped, and delivered in tamper-evident packaging as defined in Sec-
tions 3 and 6.2, or an alternative method or methods may be agreed on by the
manufacturer and purchaser that provide a reasonable assurance of protection
against tampering.

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18 AWWA B452-14

6.2.2  Security requirements for bulk shipments.  Bulk quantities of product

shall be secured employing one of the following security measures (or a combina-
tion of measures):
6.2.2.1  Seals.  Bulk quantities of product may be sealed with a uniquely
numbered tamper-evident seal(s). The seal numbers shall be recorded and disclosed
on shipping documents such as the Bill of Lading. Seals shall be inspected upon
receipt of product by the purchaser, and evidence of tampering or removal should
be reported to the carrier and supplier.
6.2.2.2  Chain of custody.  A continuous chain of custody may be main-
tained between the manufacturer and the purchaser during storage and shipment
if so specified by the purchaser.
6.2.2.3  Alternative method.  An alternative method or methods agreed
on by the manufacturer and purchaser that provide reasonable assurance of protec-
tion against tampering.
Sec. 6.3 Product Technical Data Sheet
Supplier shall provide a copy of the product technical data sheet:
1. Whenever a Safety Data Sheet (aka Material Safety Data Sheet) is sent.
2. With its price proposal/public bid response.
3. Upon any significant change to the information in the product technical
data sheet.
4. Upon any change in the product’s designation (product number, product
trade name, supplier’s name change).
Supplier need not provide product technical data sheets to users under 3 and
4, above, who have not ordered the product in the preceding 12 months.

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