A Study On Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced With Basalt Fiber
A Study On Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced With Basalt Fiber
A Study On Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced With Basalt Fiber
Abstract
Concrete is most used construction material. Construction industry uses most of the natural resources as it includes production of
cement. It is the major contributing factor to the CO2 emission, causing global warming. An alternate to the OPC has been found
out known as Geopolymer concrete. It uses industrial waste material such as fly ash and ggbs instead of cement thereby
decreasing impacts due to cement production. In this study both fly ash and GGBS are utilized in making Geopolymer concrete.
Alkaline solution used is comprises of sodium silicate (103 kg/m3) and Sodium hydroxide in the ratio of 2.5.sodium hydroxide of
10 molarity is used. Plain concrete is weaker in tension. Fibers are added to enhance the strength to the concrete to meet given
serviceability requirements. Basalt fiber is considered a promising new material .it has good strength characteristics, resistance
to chemical attack, sound insulation properties. It has wide range of applications like soil strengthening, construction of bridges,
highways, industrial floors. In present study various proportions of basalt fibers added to the geopolymer concrete and
compressive and split tensile strength of the different mixes were compared with the geopolymer concrete without basalt fibers.
Fibers are added to the geopolymer concrete in the range of 0.5% to 2.5% at 0.5% increments. Compressive and tensile strength
of different mixes compared with reference mix (0% fiber). From the results it is concluded that addition of basalt fibers at an
optimum content to the geopolymer concrete can increase both compressive and tensile strength.
rich in silica and alumina, this property of fly ash tends to Table -2: Chemical composition of GGBS
use it in the preparation of geopolymer concrete. It is also a Sl. No. Parameter Percentage
crucial ingredient in the creation of geopolymer concrete 1 Cao 37.34
due to its role in the geopolymerization process. Fly ash is a
powdery pozzolana. A pozzolana is a material that exhibits 2 Al2O3 14.42
cemantacious properties when combined with calcium 3 Fe2O3 1.11
hydroxide. Fly ash separated from the combustion gases by 4 SiO2 37.73
dust collection system with the help of electrostatic
5 MgO 8.71
precipitators.fly ash particles are finer, spherical diameter of
the fly ash particles varies from 1µm to 150µm. Fly ash 6 MnO 0.02
improves the quality of concrete. Fly ash improves 7 Sulphide 0.39
workability, reduces water demand, and reduces 8 LoI 1.41
segregation, bleeding and lowers heat of hydration. Over all
it affects plastic properties of the concrete. Fly ash increases 9 Insoluble residue 1.59
strength by reducing permeability (due to finer particles). 10 Glass content 0.92
The fly ash used in this study is Class F which is provided
from Raichur Thermal Power Station (RTPS), Karnataka. 2.3 Basalt Fibers
The chemical composition is given in table 1.
Basalt is a volcanic rock and can be chopped into small
Table -1: Chemical composition of fly ash particles then formed into continues or chopped fibers.
Basalt fiber has a higher working temperature and has a
Sl. No. Element Code Percentage
good resistance to chemical attack, impact load, and fire
1 SiO2 61.2 with less poisonous fumes. These fibers are used in wide
2 Al2O3 28.22 range of applications such as strengthening of
3 CaO 2.94 soils,construction of highways,bridges and industrial
floors,retrofitting activities etc.
4 MgO 0.93
5 MnO2 0.01 Table -3: Properties of basalt fibers
6 TiO2 0.69 Properties Value
7 K2O 0.01 Density 2630 kg/m3
8 Na2O 1.34 Tensile Strength 3200 -3850 M Pa
9 Fe2O3 3.91 Elastic Modulus 75-90 G Pa
Elongation at break 3.1 %
2.2 GGBS Softening point 1050 0C
Working temperature -260 – 650 0C
Ground-granulated blast furnace slag is gotten during the
Thermal conductivity 0.0030 – 0.0036 W/m-K
time spent extinguishing liquid iron slag (a by-result of iron
and steel-production) from an blast furnace in water or
2.4 Alkaline Solution
steam to create a smooth, granular item that is then dried
and ground into a fine powder. Ground granulated impact Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is available in the local market
blast furnace slag (GGBS) is a waste product from the iron in pellet form 10 Molar solution to be used. Since the
commercial industries. blast furnaces are encouraged with molecular weight of Sodium Hydroxide is 40, and in order
to prepare 10 molar solution 10 x 40= 400 grams of Sodium
controlled blend of coke, iron mineral and limestone, and
Hydroxide is to be dissolved in 1000 ml of water. Sodium
worked at a high temperature of around 1,500°C. At the Silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide solution with a
point when iron-mineral, coke and limestone melt in the ratio of SiO2 to Na2O is 2(approximately) is used. That is
impact heater, liquid iron and liquid slag were delivered. 34.80% SiO2, 16.51 % Na2O and 48.69 % of water.
The liquid slag is lighter henceforth coasts on the top while
liquid iron is kept at base. The liquid slag contains generally 2.5 Super Plasticizer
silicates and alumina from the first iron metal, consolidated
MYK Remicrete PC 5 is the super plasticizer used which is
with a few oxides from the limestone. The path toward
high performance water reducing and super plasticizing
pulverizing the slag incorporates cooling of fluid slag admixture based on PCE base polymers and is supplied as a
through high-weight water planes. This rapidly smothers the clear to light brownish liquid instantly dispersible in water.
slag and structures granular particles all around not more
noteworthy than 5 mm. The quick cooling keeps the course 2.6 Fine Aggregates
of action of greater jewels, and the consequent granular
River sand is used as fine aggregates in this mix. Fine
material includes around 95% non-crystalline calcium-
aggregates are tested for specific gravity, sieve analysis &
alumino silicates. In this study the GGBS is taken from JSW moisture content. The properties of fine aggregates are given
steel commercial enterprises. in below table.
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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
Table -4: Properties of Fine Aggregates The compressive strength test is conducted on the cube
Specific Gravity 2.63 specimens (as per IS-516 1959).The specimens are of 150
Moisture content 0.65 mm were prepared. Compressive strength of cubes were
calculated Specimen is placed centrally in the compression
Fineness Modulus 2.2 testing machine and uniform load of 140 kg/cm2 applied
Grading(IS 383-1970) Zone 4 continuously. The load for which specimen fails is
recorded.the compressive strength of the each specimen was
2.7 Coarse Aggregates calculated and mean compressive strength was
calculated.the procedure is shown in below fig.1.
Coarse aggregates of 20 mm down size are used in this
experimental work. Properties of coarse aggregates are
given below.MYK Remicrete PC 5 is the super plasticizer
used.
3. METHODOLOGY
Concrete specimens for compressive and split tensile
strength are prepared as per IS standards. Cube compressive
strength of 150 mm cube is calculated. Split tensile strength
of cylinders of is calculated
Fig-1: Compressive Test of GPC
3.1 Design of Geopolymer Concrete
3.3 Split Tensile Strength Test
Based on previous studies geopolymer concrete the
geopolymer concrete was designed. Sodium hydroxide of 10
molarity is used. Alkaline solution used in the ratio of 2.5
was used. Common methods of manufacturing of
Geopolymer concrete used.
given in Table 7.
38
Table-7: Split tensile strength results
36 Basalt Fiber Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
% 7 days 28 days
0 2.18 2.42
34
0.5 2.4 2.68
1 2.7 2.95
32 1.5 2.91 3.23
2 3.2 3.57
30 2.5 2.96 3.29
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Basalt Fiber (%) 3.2
Split Tensile Strength (N/mm )
3.0
The above figure shows the variation of compressive
strength for different percentages of the basalt fibers. The 2.8
compressive strength of the reference mix at 7 days is 31 M
Pa. there is sudden increase in the compressive strength of 2.6
about 10% for 0.5% addition of fiber, after that addition of
2.4
fiber increases the compressive strength in gradually small
values, it reaches maximum value of 40 M pa for fiber 2.2
content of 2%.after that value addition of fibers un alters the
compressive strength. so 2% is fiber to be added for increase 2.0
the compressive strength of GPC. 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Basalt Fiber (%)
Chart 2 shows the compressive strength of geopolymer Chart-3: Variation of Tensile Strength at 7 days.
concrete reinforced by basalt fibers at 28 days.
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Volume: 05 Issue: 07 | Jul-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 477
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
The above figure shows the variation of tensile strength for Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, IJSR,
different percentages of the basalt fibers. There is a increase Vol 4,issue 8, August 2015.
in the compressive strength with the increased basalt content [8] Ranjitsinh K. Patil, Kulkarni.D.B., “ comparative study
was observed. of effect of basalt, glass and steel fiber on compressive
and flexural strength of concrete”,IJRET,Vol 3,issue
6,Jun 2014.
3.6 [9] Sangamesh Upasi, Sunil Kumar H.S, Manjunatha. H,
Split Tensile Strength (N/mm )
2
5. CONCLUSION
From the above test results the following conclusions may
be drawn.
REFERENCES
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Marg, New Delhi, July 1999
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Volume: 05 Issue: 07 | Jul-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 478