Socila Science TeachIng
Socila Science TeachIng
Socila Science TeachIng
BDwbU: 5
Awa‡ekb- 5 : we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Gi cwi‡ek ˆZwiKiY
45
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
46
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 5
f~wgKv:
we`¨vj‡q wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g cwi‡ek ˆZwi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| GB
welqwU mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v`v‡bi †¶‡Î GKBfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| we`¨vj‡q Avjv`v mvgvwRK
weÁvb K¶ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| G mv‡_ mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi cÖwZwU wel‡qi mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`i
Rb¨ Avjv`v Kb©vi I wk¶v DcKiYmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e mvwR‡q GKwU Av`©k mvgvwRK
weÁvb K¶ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv hvq|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwii DcKiYmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi mgm¨vewj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶YÑwkL‡bi mgm¨vmg~n `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwii DcKiYmg~n
wbY©q
47
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wb‡gœi mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i wP‡Îi Zxi wPwýZ As‡ki cv‡k we`¨vj‡qi
mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Dchy³ cwi‡e‡k Kx Kx DcKiY _vKv cÖ‡qvRb wjLyb:
48
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wb‡gœi Q‡K mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µ‡g wk¶K, wk¶v_x©, wk¶v
DcKiY I mn-wk¶vµwgK m¤úwK©Z 2wU K‡i mgm¨v D‡jøL Kiæb Ges mgm¨v Kxfv‡e
mgvavb Kiv hvq wjLyb:
mgm¨vi aib mgm¨v mgvavb
wk¶K m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.
2. 2.
wk¶v_x© m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.
2. 2.
2. 2.
mnwk¶vµwgK m¤úwK©Z 1. 1.
2. 2.
49
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wUD‡Uvwi‡qj K¬v‡mi w`b 5/6 Rb eÜzevÜe wb‡q wb‡Riv GKwU `j MVb
Kiæb| wb‡gœi †`qv mvgvwRK weÁvb K‡¶i wP‡Î Kxfv‡e, †Kv_vq mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi
DcKiYmg~n mvRv‡j GKwU Av`k© mvgvwRK weÁvb K¶ ˆZwi Kiv hvq †`Lvb|
50
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 5
mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡b we`¨vj‡q bvbv ai‡bi mgm¨v we`¨gvb| G mKj mgm¨vi
g‡a¨ e¨e¯’vcbvMZ, Avw_©K, cwi‡ekMZ, Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv, †ckvMZ, KZ©„c¶xq
D`vmxbZv, DcKi‡Yi Afve cÖf„wZ cwijw¶Z nq|
51
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
g~j¨vqb
cÖkœ: mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi mgm¨vewj wPwýZ Kiæb Ges Gme mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Dcvq wbY©q Kiæb|
52
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
m¤¢ve¨ DËi
ce©- K:
we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y-wkL‡bi Dc‡hvMx cwi‡e‡ki DcKiYmg~n:
h‡_vchy³ †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wk¶K,cvV MÖn‡bvc‡hvMx wk¶v_x©, AvKl©Yxq cvV¨cy¯ÍK, mnvqK
Ab¨vb¨ cy¯ÍKvw`, wewfbœ ai‡bi Agyw`ªZ DcKiY, ¯’vbxq KuvPvgvj wfwËK ev ¯^íe¨‡q
msM„nxZ wk¶v DcKiY, mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶v`v‡bi Dc‡hvMx K¶, AvaywbK cÖhyw³i
myweav cÖf„wZ|
ce©- L:
wb‡R Kiæb|
ce©- M:
wb‡R Kiæb|
53
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 6
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶Y GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
GB cÖwk¶Y GKw`‡K cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i wb‡R‡`i †ckvMZ Áv‡bi cwiwa we¯Í…Z K‡i Ab¨w`‡K
wk¶v`v‡bi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK c×wZ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Ávb I `¶Zv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g GKRb
mdj wk¶K wnmv‡e M‡o D‡Vb| d‡j cÖwk¶Yv_x©iv nb AvZ¥cÖZ¨qx| Gm‡½ mvgvwRK
weÁvb welqK gyw`ªZ DcKiY cVb-cvVb Ges Agyw`ªZ DcKiY †`‡L ï‡b Ávb e„wׇZ
m¶gZv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Drmmg~‡ni bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
†kªwY Kvh©µ‡g wk¶†Ki m¶gZv e„wׇZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw` mn wewfbœ gyw`ªZ
I Agyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi f~wgKv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb AR©‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm
wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY wb‡R‡`i †ckvMZ `¶Zv e„w×i mv‡_ †kªwYK‡¶
e¨env‡ii j‡¶¨ Zuviv mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi cvV¨cy¯ÍK, mnvqK MÖš’vw` cVbc~e©K wewfbœfv‡e
Áv‡bi m¶gZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GQvov mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqwfwËK mnvqK MÖš’,
Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx cÖf„wZ cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„wׇZ mnvq‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
54
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi Avmyb Avgiv wb‡gœi Q‡K mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡bi Drmmg~‡ni
GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kwi|
55
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›` Avcwb Avi †Kvb †Kvb gyw`ªZ DcKi‡Yi cVb-cvV‡bi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK
weÁv‡b m¶gZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv wb‡gœi Q‡K ˆZwi Kiæb|
mvgvwRK weÁv‡b
Áv‡bi mÿgZv
e„w×i Rb¨ gyw`ªZ
DcKiY
56
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, GKRb wk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x© DwjøwLZ Kvh©µg †k‡l Kx Kx `¶Zv AR©b
Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv wb‡gœi Q‡K 07wU ev‡K¨i gva¨‡g D‡jøL Kiæb|
1|
2|
3|
4|
5|
6|
7|
57
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi Avmyb Avgiv mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi
Dc‡hvwMZv kxl©K gvBÛg¨vwcswU c~iY Kwi|
wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi
Dc‡hvwMZv
58
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 6
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb Ges †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g Gi e¨env‡i cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i m¶gZv e„w×i
Rb¨ we`¨vjq Ges wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡j‡Ri cvVvMvi¸‡jv‡K mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi DbœZ
gv‡bi cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`i mvnv‡h¨ mg„× Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ZvQvov
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi welqwfwËK mnvqK cy¯ÍKvw`, Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx cÖf„wZI
cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„wׇZ AZ¨šÍ mnvqK wk¶v‡cvKiY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ|
59
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
evsjv‡`‡ki gva¨wgK wk¶v †kl K‡i A_ev G ch©vq †_‡K S‡i c‡o A‡bK wk¶v_x©
Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶v_x©‡`i GKwU Ask D”P wk¶v AR©‡b
AMÖmi nq| Kv‡RB G ch©v‡qi wk¶v‡K m„Rbkxj, Kvh©Kix, A_©en Kivi c~e©kZ© n‡”Q
wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡j‡Ri cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„w× Kiv| Zviv e„w× cªvß Ávb Øviv
Zv‡`i wk¶v_x©‡`i Ávb, `¶Zv, ˆbcyY¨, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½i Dbœqb Ki‡Z mg_©
n‡eb| G‡Z m„Rbkxj, Kg©V I D”Pgv‡bi `¶Zv m¤úbœ Rbkw³ †`‡ki Dbœq‡b hy³
n‡q Ae`vb ivL‡Z cvi‡e|
g~j¨vqb
cÖkœ: mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb AR©‡bi Drmmg~n D‡jøL Kiæb| mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi Ávb
e„wׇZ wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv eY©bv Kiæb|
60
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
ce©- K:
mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi ÁvbvR©‡bi Drmmg~n: wk¶vµg I cvV¨m~wP, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wk¶K
wb‡`©wkKv, msev`cÎ, †eªvwmqvi, welq mswkøó cy¯ÍK, welq mswkøó RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK
Rvb©vj, mvgwqKx, miKvix cÖKvkbv- †hgb cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi cÖKvkbv, cwimsL¨vb ey¨‡ivi
cÖKvkbv, cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, mgvR, wewfbœ HwZnvwmK ¯’vb I wb`k©bmg~n, Rv`yNi, gvbwPÎ,
Qwe, PvU©, ‡mwgbvi, IqvK©mc, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y, jvB‡eªwi, K…wl I wkí Drcv`b †K›`ª, bvUK,
wm‡bgv, †Uwjwfkb, Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡bU, we‡kl NUbvi cÖZ¨¶`k©xi eY©bv, Rxeb
Kvwnwb|
ce©- L:
wb‡R Kiæb|
ce©- M:
1| cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i Ávb e„w× K‡i|
2| cÖwk¶Yv_x©‡`i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb mnR K‡i|
3| †kªwY‡Z weg~Z© welq‡K mn‡R I g~Z©fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
4| †kªwYi wk¶v_x©‡`i eqm, `„wófw½ I eyw×gËv Abyhvqx cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5| mvgvwRK weÁv‡bi AšÍfy©³ mgKvjxb we‡k¦i weZK©g~jK mgm¨v I NUbvewj wb‡q
†mwgbvi, weZK© I IqvK©mc Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g Ávb e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6| mKj wk¶v_x©i Pvwn`v I AvKv•¶v wbe„wË Ki‡Z cv‡i|
7| wk¶Y I wkLb ˆewPÎ Avbqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
ce©- N:
wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Dc‡hvwMZv
†ckvMZ Ávb e„w×|
wk¶v`vb c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ÁvbvR©b|
wk¶v`vb c×wZ e¨env‡i m¶gZv e„w×|
61
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
62
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 7
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv ej‡Z I Gi wewfbœ ai‡Yi †KŠkj wPwýZ
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi wfwË wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi
†KŠkj e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi aviYv
†Kvb cvV ev †Kvm© PjvKv‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i †h g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Zv‡K MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb ejv
nq| g~jZ MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB n‡”Q wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri Ask we‡kl| GwU wkL‡bi
GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges G‡K wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hvq bv| G
hvPvB e¨e¯’v wkLb-wkLv‡bv cÖwµqvi ms‡½ m¤ú„³| Kv‡RB GwU P~ovšÍ g~j¨hvPvB †_‡K wfbœ
63
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
cÖK…wZi| MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶v_©x‡`i ¯^g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
µ‡gvbœwZ cÖwk¶K‡`i Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Gfv‡e MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB e¨envi K‡i
cÖwk¶KMY cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ K‡i _v‡Kb|
wcÖq wk¶v_x©e„›`, wbgœewY©Z Ôwk¶v_x© MVbKvjxb gyj¨vqb †KŠk‡ji †¶ÎÕ †_‡K †Kvb¸wj
wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb Ges †Kvb¸wj wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg †k‡l Kiv nq
hvPvBc~e©K wbw`©ó Q‡K D‡jøL Kiæb|
64
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
MVbKvjxb g~j¨
hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡
wcÖq
wk¶v_x©e„›`, DwjøwLZ MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB‡qi ¸iæZ¡ e¨ZxZ Avi Kx Kx ¸iæZ¡ i‡q‡Q e‡j
Avcwb g‡b K‡ib Zv Kx (Key) c‡q›U Gi gva¨‡g wb‡gœi Q‡K wjLyb|
65
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
evwoi KvR
wb‡`©wkZ KvR
66
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 7
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB n‡”Q wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kv‡Ri Ask we‡kl| GwU †kLv‡bvi GKwU
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges G‡K wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg †_‡K wew”Qbœ Kiv hvq bv| G g~j¨vqb
e¨e¯’v wkLb-†kLv‡bvi ms‡½ m¤ú„³| Kv‡RB GwU P~ovšÍ g~j¨hvPvB †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wfbœ
cÖK…wZi|
MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB wk¶v_©x‡`i ¯^ g~j¨vq‡b mnvqZv K‡i Ges Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i µ‡gvbœwZ
cÖwk¶K‡`i ev wk¶K‡`i Rvb‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| d‡j cÖwk¶KMY cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb
aviYv wPwýZKiY I my¯úóKi‡Y MVbKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB e¨envi K‡ib|
67
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
68
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
†gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbv: e¨w³MZ ev GKK KvR Ges `jxq Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbvi
gva¨‡g cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ Kiv mnR nq Ges cÖwk¶K †m Abyhvqx
aviYv my¯úóKi‡Y c`‡¶c wb‡Z cv‡ib|
e¨w³MZ/GKK Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcb: G‡¶‡Î wk¶K cÖkœ K‡ib Ges wk¶v_©x DËi
†`q| G cÖwµqvq wk¶K g~j¨vqb K‡ib mKj A_ev AwaKvsk wk¶v_©xB Zv‡`i
covïbvi welqwU ey‡S‡Q wKbv Ges Zviv cwi®‹vifv‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cv‡i wKbv|
Av‡iv eyS‡Z cv‡ib, wk¶v_©xi eyS‡Z Ges †gŠwLKfv‡e Dc¯’vcbvi `¶Zv e„wׇZ
Av‡iv mnvqZvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wKbv|
`jxq Kv‡Ri †gŠwLK Dc¯’vcbv: `jxq KvR, eo †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i K_v ejvi
GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g| `jxq Kv‡Ri D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv A‡bK wk¶v_©x‡K GKB mg‡q
†kªwYK‡¶ K_v ejvi my‡hvM †`Iqv| `jxq KvR A‡bK wk¶v_©x‡`i g‡a¨ cvV`vbKv‡j
mwµq AskMÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| `jxq KvR †h †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi `¶Zv
e„w× K‡i| `jxq KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶K cÖwZwU `‡ji Kvh©µg †kªwYK‡¶ Ny‡i ch©‡e¶Y
69
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
Ki‡e Ges welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri
wjwLZ wi‡cvU© Ges Zv Dc¯’vcbvi gva¨‡gI we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ Kiv hvq| d‡j
wk¶K Zv my¯úóKi‡Y Zvr¶wYK e¨e¯’v wb‡Z cv‡ib|
evwoi KvR: GwU wk¶v_©xi AvnwiZ Ávb‡K my`„p Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|wk¶Yxq welq
KZUzKz eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q,†m m¤ú‡K© wk¶‡K eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| evwoi Kv‡Ri mvaviY
fyj¸‡jv ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g welqe¯‘MZ aviYv my¯úó Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wba©vwiZ KvR: GwU n‡”Q wfbœ ai‡bi evwoi KvR,hv‡Z wk¶v_©x‡K cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki evB‡ii
wewfbœ Z_¨ e¨envi Ki‡Z nq|KvR †k‡l GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b †ck Ki‡Z nq, †hLv‡b
Awc©Z KvR m¤ú‡K© wek` eY©bv _vK‡e Ges D³ KvR ch©‡e¶‡Y Kx †c‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL
_vK‡e| D³ cÖwZ‡e`b †_‡K welqe¯‘ msµvšÍ we`¨gvb aviYv wPwýZ Kiv hvq Ges †m
Abyhvqx aviYv my¯úóKi‡Y c`‡¶c †bqv hvq|
g~j¨vqb
cÖkœ: MVKvjxb g~j¨hvPvB ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? MVbKvjxb gyj¨hvPvB †KŠkjmg~n eY©bv
Kiæb|
m¤¢ve¨ DËi
ce©- K
wb‡R Kiæb|
ce©- L
wb‡R Kiæb|
ce©- M
wb‡R Kiæb|
70
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 8
wkLb m¶gZvi wfbœZvi wfwˇZ `jMZ KvR, mZx_© wk¶Y Ges we¯Í…Z
Kvh©µg MÖnY
f~wgKv:
wk¶Y-wkLb Kvh©µg‡K mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRb h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj|
wk¶v_x©i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Dci †kªwY cvV`v‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i| cvV`v‡b
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K mwµq ivL‡Z †gav wfwËK `j MVbmn `jMZ KvR, `jMZ Av‡jvPbv,
†Rvovq KvR Z_v mZx_© wk¶Y BZ¨vw` c×wZi e¨envi AwaKZi Kvh©Ki e‡j we‡ewPZ|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
wkLb m¶gZvi wewfbœZv wbiƒc‡bi Dcvq ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†gavwfwËK †kªwYweb¨vm ev `j MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Ges Gi myweav-Amyweav e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
`jMZ Kv‡R, mZx_© wk¶‡Y Kxfv‡e ¯^í‡gavi wk¶v_©x‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡bv hvq Zv
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: wkLb m¶gZvi wewfbœZv wbiƒc‡bi Dcvq
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cvVaviY ¶gZv, †kLvi cÖK…wZ, Ávb, weP¶bZv, †evaMg¨Zv mevi GK bq| G mKj
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71
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
72
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
AskMÖnY _vK‡e|
`jMZ Kv‡Ri myweav A‡bK _vK‡jI wKQy AmyweavI i‡q‡Q| †hgb- †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x
mwµqfv‡e KvR bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| `jxq Kv‡R duvwK †`qvi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q| †ewk wk¶v_©x
n‡j `j MV‡b mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i| cvV`v‡b mgq †ewk jv‡M| AskMÖnYg~jK KvR wnmv‡e
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wk¶K †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K †Rvovq †Rvovq m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ mswkøó wbw`©ó ev
wfbœ wfbœ KvR cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
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1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.
6. 6.
73
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
7. 7.
8. 8.
9. 9.
10. 10.
11. 11.
12. 12.
74
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
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g~j wkLbxq welq
wkLb m¶gZvi wfbœZvi wfwˇZ `jMZ KvR, mZx_© wk¶b Ges we¯Í…Z
Kvh©µg MÖnY
wk¶Y-wkLb cÖwµqv‡K myôz I djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj| wk¶Y-
wkLb cÖwµqv AZ¨šÍ RwUj| wk¶vi Rb¨ hZ Dbœqbg~jK KvR ev cwiKíbv n‡”Q Zvi
mwVK ev¯Íevqb wbf©i Ki‡Q †kªwYK‡¶ cvV`vb I cvVMÖnY c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci|
cvV`vb I cvVMÖnY mdj Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mwVK c×wZ I †KŠkj AbymiY|
AvaywbK wk¶Y-wkL‡bi g~j ˆewkó¨ n‡jv wk¶v_©x †Kw›`ªK cvV`vb| ZvB wk¶v_©xi †gav,
gbbkxjZv, cvi`wk©Zv, B”Qv, Awb”Qv BZ¨vw`i Dci ¸iyZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e †ewk| wk¶v_©xi
mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Dci †kªwY cvV`v‡bi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i| wk¶KB cv‡ib †kªwY cvV`vb
Kvh©µ‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq I Kg©Zrci ivL‡Z| †h mg¯Í c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_©xiv mwµq nq
Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: 1. `jMZ KvR 2. `jMZ Av‡jvPbv 3. mgm¨v mgvavb 4. gvBÛÐg¨vwcs
5. †Rvovq KvR 7. Kg©kvjv 8. †cv÷ e· †KŠkj 9. gv_v LvUv‡bv 10. cÖ‡kœv&Ëi c×wZ
11. cÖ‡R± IqvK© 12. e¨envwiK KvR 13. wRM&m 14. †ivj †cøwqs BZ¨vw`|
`jMZ KvR
wk¶v_©x‡`i mwµq Kivi Ab¨Zg MyiæZ¡c~Y© c×wZ n‡jv- `jMZ KvR| `jMZ Kv‡Ri g~j
K_v n‡jv wk¶v_©xiv K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ n‡q Awc©Z ev wb‡`©wkZ KvRwU mK‡j wg‡j myôy I
my›`ifv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡e| G Kv‡R mK‡jB mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡e Ges `‡ji mK‡jiB mgvb
AskMÖnY _vK‡e| `jxq KvR Avb›``vqK n‡q _v‡K| GK wk¶v_©x Avi GK wk¶v_©x‡K
fv‡jvfv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡e| ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ mngwg©Zv I mn‡hvwMZvi g‡bvfve M‡o D‡V|
†Kv‡bv wk¶v_©xi wel‡qi Dci aviYv ev Ávb Kg _vK‡j Zv AR©‡b m¶g n‡q I‡V|
wk¶v_©x wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡RB wk‡L| Ávb ev we`¨vR©‡b AvMÖn ev‡o| eyw×, `„wófw½ Ges
75
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
D™¢veYxg~jK `¶Zvi weKvk N‡U| G c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_©xiv mwVK I Dchy³ mgvavb wbe©vPb
Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨w³MZ gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K| wk¶v_©x‡`i wPšÍvkxj n‡q M‡o
DV‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mgm¨vi mgvavb †ei Kiv mnR nq e‡j D‡Ïk¨ AR©b mnR nq|
wb‡Riv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wk‡L e‡j AwR©Z Ávb wk¶v_©x‡`i `xN©w`b g‡b _v‡K|
5| ARvbv welq m¤ú‡K©I aviYv ev Ávb AR©‡b m¶g nq 3| †ewk wk¶v_©x n‡j `j
6| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x Avb›` wb‡q KvR K‡i MV‡b mgm¨v n‡Z cv‡i
8| wk¶v jv‡f AvMÖn e„w× cvq Ges †cÖlYv Rb¥vq 5| †ewk mgq a‡i KvR
9| eyw×, `„wófw½ Ges D™¢veYxg~jK `¶Zvi weKvk N‡U Ki‡j ˆah©Pz¨wZ NU‡Z
Ki‡Z cv‡i
76
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
mZx_© wk¶Y:
AskMÖnYg~jK KvR wnmv‡e `yRb wg‡j ev †Rvovq †Rvovq KvR Kiv‡K e‡j mZx_© wk¶Y|
GB c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wk¶K †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K †Rvovq †Rvovq m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨
welqe¯‘ mswkøó wbw`©ó ev wfbœ wfbœ KvR cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G‡¶‡Î wk¶v_©xiv mggbv ev
mg‡Mv‡Î KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvIqvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv e„w× cvq Ges Ac‡ii
cÖwZ BwZevPK `„wófw½ MwVZ nq| GB c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j wk¶v_©xiv e¨w³ ¯^vZ‡š¿¨i
¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z wk‡L|
g~Z© nq KwVb
77
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
w`‡Z wk‡L
we¯Z…Z Kvh©µg
Dch©³
y welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq †i‡L wk¶K wbgœwjwLZ Kvh©vejx MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| h_v:
`jxq Av‡jvPbv, weZK© Abyôvb, ‡cv÷ e· c×wZ, ch©‡e¶Y, †cv÷vi wjLb I cÖ`k©b,
wk¶vg~jK ågY, wdkej †KŠkj, k~b¨ ¯’v‡b Z_¨ emv‡bv, AbymÜvbg~jK KvR †`qv,
mgm¨v mgvavb, Awc©Z KvR, ZvwjKv ˆZwiKiY, µg Abyqvqx mvRvb, fyj wPwýZKiY,
mZ¨-wg_¨v wbY©q, †kªwY web¨vmKiY BZ¨vw`|
78
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
g~j¨vqb
cÖk-œ 1. `jMZ KvR Kv‡K e‡j? `jMZ Kv‡Ri myweav Amyweav eY©bv Kiæb|
cÖk-œ 2. mZx_© wk¶Y Kx? mZx_© wk¶‡Yi myweav-Amyweav eY©bv Kiæb|
m¤¢ve¨ DËi
ce©- K:
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ce©- L:
wb‡R Kiæb|
ce©- M:
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79
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 9
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
cwiex¶Y Kx ej‡Z cvi‡e|
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cwiex¶‡Y Kx Kx welq j¶¨ Ki‡Z nq Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ †PKwj÷ ‰Zwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: cwiex¶‡Yi aviYv
wk¶v_x© eÜz, cwiex¶Y n‡”Q GKwU †KŠkj| †KŠkjwU Ggb hv GKwU wbw`©ó j‡¶¨
cwiPvwjZ ev e¨eüZ n‡q _v‡K| Aek¨ GLv‡b cwiex¶‡Yi Zzjbvq ÔgwbUwisÕ Bs‡iwR
cÖwZkãwU †ewk cwiwPZ| mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶‡Y cwiex¶Y n‡jv mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q
AMÖMwZ mva‡bi cÖ‡Póvi Dci bRi`vwi Kiv| Avgiv Rvwb †h, cwiex¶Y GKwU †KŠkj hv
80
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
j¶¨gyLx| GKwU D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ welqwU mn‡RB †evSvb †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-GKwU
KvR hv nv‡Z wb‡qwQ, Zv wVK wVK GwM‡q Pj‡Q wKbv Zv †R‡b I ey‡S †bqvi KvRwU n‡jv
gwbUwis ev cwiex¶Y| G KvR ZLbB j¶¨ AR©b K‡i hLb KvRwU‡Z †Kv‡bv evav bv c‡o
Ges hw` †Kv‡bv evav ev mgm¨v m„wó n‡jI Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ mg‡qvwPZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡¶c M„nxZ n‡q _v‡K| †mRb¨ Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mve©¶wYK Z`viwK `iKvi| GB †h
Z`viwK ev gwbUwis; GUvB cwiex¶Y| ZvB GB mvgwqK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv‡K cwiex¶Y
e‡j| g~j¨vq‡b D³ welqwU cv‡Vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡”Q Zv we‡kølY K‡i
†`Lv nq| Bs‡iwR gwbUwis kãwU cwiex¶‡Yi cÖwZkã wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ| †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri
AMÖMwZ wbY©‡qi Rb¨ Zv Aek¨B gwbUwis Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr gwbUwis ev cwiex¶Y n‡jv
GKwU †KŠkj| Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ ch©‡e¶Y K‡i j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©šÍ cy‡iv welqwU
Z`viwK KivB G †KŠk‡ji KvR|
wk¶v_x©e„&›` Avmyb Gevi Avgiv wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi msw¶ß DËi †`evi †Póv Kwi|
µg cÖkœ DËi
81
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wk¶v_x©e„›` G wel‡q 5 wgwbU wPšÍv fvebv K‡i wb‡Pi QKwUi Lvwj Ni¸‡jv c~iY Kiæb|
Dcw¯’wZ
wk¶v_x©i msL¨v
mvgvwRK weÁv‡b
cwiex¶‡Yi w`K
cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i GKRb cwiex¶K Kx Kx wel‡qi cÖwZ j¶¨
ivL‡eb e‡j g‡b K‡ib wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wjLyb|
82
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
cÖZ¨¶ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb|
avivevwnK I wbqwgZfv‡e cwiex¶Y Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb, civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_x©i ÎæwU I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges mgvav‡bi Dcvq wPwýZ K‡i wbqwgZ
cwiex¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e I cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
83
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 9
cwiex¶‡Yi Zzjbvq gwbUwis Bs‡iwR cÖwZkãwU †ewk cwiwPZ| cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi wm×všÍ
MÖn‡Y mnvqZvi Rb¨ †mB cÖK‡íi AMÖMwZ m¤ú‡©K wbqwgZ Z_¨ msMÖn, msi¶Y, we‡kølY,
cwigvcb I AewnZKi‡Yi cÖwµqv‡K cwiex¶Y e‡j| cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP
ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖevngvb aviv‡K ch©‡e¶Y Ges hvPvB Kiv hvq| †h KvRwU nv‡Z †bqv n‡q‡Q,
Zv wVK wVK GwM‡q P‡j‡Q wKbv Zv †R‡b I ey‡S †bqvi KvRwU n‡jv gwbUwis| Z‡e G
cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †Kvb PzovšÍ djvdj †NvlYv Kiv hvq bv| G cÖwµqvi cÖ_‡g Z_¨ I DcvË
msM„nxZ nq, hvi Dci wfwË K‡i ÎæwUweP¨ywZ m¤ú‡K© wdWe¨vK ‡`Iqv nq| wdWe¨v‡Ki
Dci wfwË K‡i wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq| G KvR ZLbB j¶¨ AR©b K‡i hLb Kv‡R
†Kv‡bv Amyweav, evav ev mgm¨v m„wó nq Zv `~i Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c M„nxZ n‡q
_v‡K| A_©vr Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZi mve©¶wYK Z`viwK Ges mvgwqK g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv‡K
cwiex¶Y e‡j|
wk¶v‡¶‡Î g~j¨vqb ej‡Z †evSvq, wk¶v_x©i wkL‡bi AMÖMwZi Ae¯’v hvPvB| wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv I mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© c×wZMZ wePvi we‡kølY| g~j¨vqb wk¶v
Kvh©µ‡gi D‡Ïk¨ I j¶¨ KZUzKz AwR©Z n‡”Q ev n‡q‡Q Zv Z_¨wfwËK wePvi we‡kølY K‡i
†`Lv nq| g~j¨vq‡bi Dci cwiex¶Y Kiv Ges cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i
wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| cwiex¶YKv‡j cwiex¶K‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jvi
cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e|
cÖZ¨¶ ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb|
avivevwnK I wbqwgZ fv‡e cwiex¶Y Ki‡eb|
Av‡jvPbv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb, civgk© I wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_x©i ÎæwU I mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© aviYv Ges mgvav‡bi Dcvq wPwýZ K‡i wbqwgZ
cwiex¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e I cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e|
84
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wk¶K †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v, evwo I †kªwYi KvR BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g
AMªMwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| ZvB AMÖMwZ cwiex¶‡Y D³ welq¸‡jv we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z
n‡e| GQvov mvgvwRK weÁv‡b wk¶v_©x msL¨v, Dcw¯’wZ, wk¶v_©xi nvi, †Q‡j-†g‡q
AbycvZ, wk¶‡Ki †hvM¨Zv BZ¨vw` welq¸‡jvI †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
Dcw¯’wZ
wk¶v_x©i msL¨v
1| we`¨j‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb welqwU cwiex¶Y Kivi Rb¨ cwiex¶‡Ki Kx Kx cª¯‘wZ _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb Zv †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb|
2| cÖwk¶K cÖwk¶Yv_x©†`i DËi MÖnY Ki‡eb Ges wb‡R cwiex¶‡Ki cª¯‘wZ m¤ú©‡K
msw¶ß cvV †`‡eb|
3| we`¨vj‡q mvgvwRK weÁvb welqwU cwiex¶Y Kivi Rb¨ GKwU †PKwj÷/ cÖkœcÎ cÖYqY
Ki‡Z ej‡eb| KvRwU Kivi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Yv_x©†`i K‡qKwU `‡j wef³ K‡i ‡b‡eb|
85
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
g~j¨vqb
1| cwiex¶‡Yi msÁv wjLyb|
2| mvgvwRK weÁvb wk¶Y AMÖMwZ‡Z we‡eP¨ w`K¸‡jv Kx Kx?
3| cwiex¶‡Yi wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i GKRb cwiex¶‡Ki Kx Kx KiYxq?
4| cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vq‡bi m¤úK© wbY©q Kiæb|
86
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 10
f~wgKv
wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i
†mUvB n‡jv wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| G AR©b wbY©q Kiv wk¶‡Ki
GKwU wbqwgZ KvR| AR©b wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g †Kej wk¶v_x©i cvV AMÖMwZ I Zvi Ávb,
`¶Zv I g‡bvfve m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvq| GRb¨ wk¶K‡K wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡Z nq| †m‡¶‡Î wk¶K wk¶v_x©i †gŠwLK, wjwLZ, Awc©Z KvR, mvßvwnK cix¶v, evwoi
KvR, †kªwY I mvßvwnK cix¶v BZ¨vw`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q _v‡Kb| Gme wKQyB wk¶v_x©i AR©b
wbY©‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡L|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
wkLbdj AR©‡b wewfbœ g~j¨vqb †KŠk‡ji bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
AMÖMwZ cwiex¶Y I cvi`wk©Zv AR©b wbY©‡q g~j¨vqb †KŠkj I Zvi cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K©
ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: AR©b/K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vq‡bi aviYv
wk¶vi GKwU Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©i Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zvi AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbqb| GB D‡Ï‡k¨ wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I
welqe¯‘ wba©viY K‡i Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbvi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ
ai‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ
wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i †mUvB n‡jv wk¶v_x©i
K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| Avi wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ hvPvB‡qi c×wZ ev
cÖwµqv n‡jv K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb ev AR©b wbY©q| g~j¨vq‡bi mswkøó cvwifvwlK cÖZ¨q¸‡jv n‡”Q
cix¶v (Examination), Afx¶v (Test), cwigvc (Measurement)|
87
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
gb¯ÍvwË¡K Afx¶vi †kªwY wefvM: eyw×i Afx¶v (Intelligence test); we‡kl m¤¢vebvi
Afx¶v (Special Aptitude test); we‡kl gvbwmK `¶Zvi Afx¶v (Special Ability
test); e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci Afx¶v (Personality test); wPšÍvkw³i Afx¶v (Test of
Reasoning)|
wk¶v_x©e„›`, Gevi wb‡P cÖ`Ë g~j¨vqb †KŠkj¸‡jv †Kvb ch©vqfy³ n‡e Zv wbY©q K‡i †kªwY
wefvM Kiæb|
wk¶v_x©e„›` Avmyb g~j¨vqb †KŠkj¸‡jv wb‡q wPšÍvfvebv K‡i cÖ‡qvM Kiæb Ges wb‡Pi
QKwU‡Z A_ev Avjv`v KvM‡R cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Rb¨ GKwU K‡i cÖkœ ˆZwi Kiæb|
88
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
89
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 10
wk¶vi GKwU Ab¨Zg j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©i Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡ev‡ai cwieZ©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zvi AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbqb| G D‡Ï‡k¨ wk¶vµ‡gi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I
welqe¯‘ wba©viY K‡i Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i AvPi‡Yi evwÂZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi j‡¶¨
90
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wewfbœ ai‡bi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©vewji Av‡qvRb Kiv nq| djkÖæwZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv †Kv‡bv
wba©vwiZ wk¶Yxq wel‡q †h Ávb, `¶Zv, `„wófw½ I g~j¨‡eva AR©b K‡i †mUvB n‡jv
wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ ev AR©b (Achievement)| Avi wewfbœ wel‡q wk¶v_x©i K…wZZ¡ hvPvB‡qi
c×wZ ev cÖwµqv n‡jv K…wZZ¡ g~j¨vqb ev AR©b wbY©q| g~j¨vq‡bi mswkøó cvwifvwlK
cÖZ¨q¸‡jv n‡”Q cix¶v (Examination), Afx¶v (Test), cwigvc (Measurement)|
gb¯ÍvwË¡K Afx¶vi †kªwY wefvM: eyw×i Afx¶v (Intelligence test); we‡kl m¤¢vebvi
Afx¶v (Special Aptitude test); we‡kl gvbwmK `¶Zvi Afx¶v (Special Ability
test); e¨w³Z¡ cwigv‡ci Afx¶v (Personality test); wPšÍvkw³i Afx¶v (Test of
Reasoning)|
91
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
†KŠkj|
g~j¨vqb
92
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 11
f~wgKv:
mvaviYZ GKwU †kªwYK‡¶ †Q‡j I †g‡q `yB ai‡Yi wk¶v_x©B _v‡K| mKj wk¶v_x©B hv‡Z
mgvbfv‡e †kªwY‡Z g‡bv‡hvMx _v‡K †mw`‡K wk¶K‡K we‡kl bRi w`‡Z n‡e| †kªwY‡Z
†Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn mgvb fv‡e a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ m‡PZbZv m„wói j‡¶¨
wk¶K‡K we‡klfv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq| Dfq ai‡bi wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivL‡Z bv cvi‡j
ïay wk¶vi cwi‡ek bó nq Zv bq, wk¶vi g~j j¶¨I AR©b m¤¢e nq bv| ZvB me ai‡bi
wk¶v_x©i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv Z_v †kªwY K‡¶i cv‡V m‡PZb I mwµq ivLv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
GKwU welq|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
†kªwY‡Z †g‡q wk¶v_©x†`i Kxfv‡e ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†kªwY‡Z †Q‡j-†g‡q ˆel‡g¨i KviY ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: †cÖlYv m„wó
GKRb wk¶K †Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB Zv‡`i cÖkœ
K‡i †cÖlYv m„wó Ki‡eb| †mRb¨ wZwb Ggb wKQy cwiwPZ kã ej‡eb hvi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB †ewo‡q Avm‡e k㸇jv †Kvb †kªwYi mv‡_ KZUzKz mswkøó| Avmyb
Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU c~iY Kwi| Zvi Av‡M wb‡Pi k㸇jv co–b Ges kãwU ‡Kvb fv‡M
co‡e Zv we‡ePbv K‡i wjLyb| k㸇jv n‡jv: `yb©xwZ, Wv³vi, M¤¢xi, MíKiv,
ivRbxwZwe`, M„n¯’vwji KvR, kw³, exi, fy³‡fvMx| Gi Øviv wewfbœ †ckv I Kg©Kv‡Ûi
mv‡_ †Kvb wj‡½i m¤ú„³Zv †ewk Zv wb‡q wk¶v_x©i gZvgZ †kªwY‡Z Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
93
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
kã fvÛvi
ce©- L: wfRyqvjvB‡Rmb
wcÖq wk¶v_x© Avcbviv cÖvqB j¶¨ K‡i _v‡Kb †h, †g‡q wk¶v_x©iv †kªwYK‡¶ bvbvfv‡e
ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ †Kb? cÖkœwU wb‡q 5 wgwbU wPšÍv Kiæb| AZci Avcbvi
mvg‡b †h wPšÍv¸‡jv Av‡m Zv AbymiY K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z wjwce× Kiæb|
1|
2|
3|
wk¶v_x© Avmyb Gevi †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i Kxfv‡e ˆel‡g¨i wkKvi n‡Z nq Zvi D`vniY I
KviY¸‡jv wbY©q K‡i wb‡Pi QKwU‡Z D‡jøL Kiæb:
94
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
2| ............................................. 2| .................................................
3| .............................................. 3| .................................................
4| ................................................ 4| .................................................
5| ........................................... 5| .................................................
95
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
Ôwk¶K KL‡bvB †kªwY‡Z GB ai‡bi ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡eb bvÕ| GB ai‡bi GKUv Dw³ †ev‡W©
wj‡L w`‡eb| evK¨Uvi wb‡P GKw`‡K ÔGKgZÕ Ab¨w`‡K ÔGKgZ bqÕ GB K_v `ywUI
wjL‡eb| wk¶v_x©‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡eb hviv evK¨wUi mv‡_ GKgZ Zviv ÔGKgZÕ †jLvi
w`‡K `uvov‡eb Avi hviv GKgZ bq Zviv Ab¨w`‡K `uvov‡eb| `yB `‡ji hyw³ MÖnY
Ki‡eb|
wk¶K KL‡bvB †kªwY‡Z GB ai‡bi ˆelg¨ m„wó Ki‡eb bv| ˆelg¨ `~i Ki‡Z
wk¶K‡K me mgq m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|
wk¶v_x©e„›` Avmyb Gevi wb‡Pi QKwU‡K AbymiY K‡i †kªwY‡Z ˆelg¨ m„wói c‡¶ I
wec‡¶i hyw³¸‡jv GKwU mv`v KvM‡R wjLyb|
GKgZ GKgZ bq
96
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 11
wk¶v_x©e„›` g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i wb‡Pi MíwU cvV Kiæb| cvV †k‡l †PvL eÜ K‡i M‡íi
wfZi †_‡K †RÛvi ˆelg¨RwbZ D`vniY¸‡jv g‡b Kivi †Póv Kiæb|
kx‡Zi mKvj iwngv AvR cuvP w`b ci ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q| ¯‹z‡j hvevi Av‡M iwngv‡K evevi bv¯Ív
ˆZwi I †QvU fvB‡qi †`Lvïbv Ki‡Z nq| AvRI Zvi e¨wZµg nq wb| eis gv‡qi wKQy
KvR Ki‡Z wM‡q iwngvi ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z wKQzUv †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| †m `ªæZ †nu‡U we`¨vj‡q
†cuŠQvj|
mßg †kªwY K‡¶i `iRvq hLb iwngv †cuŠQvj ZLb †kªwY wk¶K bvg WvK‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb|
lvU Rb wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ `k Rb †g‡q| wKš‘ AvR‡K gvÎ Qq Rb Dcw¯’Z| cÖ_g mvwi‡Z
cuvPwU †g‡q Av‡M †_‡KB e‡m wQj| †cQ‡bi mvwi‡Z †Q‡jiv e‡m _vKvq iwngv‡K Kó K‡i
cÖ_g mvwi‡ZB em‡Z n‡jv| †`wi‡Z K¬v‡m Avmvi Rb¨ wk¶K Zv‡K evwo‡Z †_‡KB
M„n¯’vwji KvR †kLvi K_v e‡j wZi¯‹vi Ki‡jb| iwngvi gv_v bZ K‡i _vK‡jv|
wk¶K K¬vm ïiæ Ki‡jb| K¬v‡m cÖwZw`‡bi g‡Zv †Q‡j‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q cvV`vb KiwQ‡jb
Ges cÖkœI †Q‡j wk¶v_x©‡`iB KiwQ‡jb| wZwb KL‡bv †g‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i w`‡K ZvwK‡q
cvV`vb KiwQ‡jb bv| wZwb hLb GKUv cÖkœ Ki‡jb ZLb GKwU †g‡q Zvi DËi †`evi
†Póv Ki‡jv| DËiUv fyj wQj mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶Kmn †Q‡jiv mevB †n‡m DVj| wk¶K
†Q‡j‡`i‡K wKQzB ej‡jb bv eis wZwb wb‡RI nvm‡jb| wk¶K cÖkœwUi mwVK DËi bv
w`‡q cybivq cvV`vb ïiæ Ki‡jb|
wk¶K hLb †kªwYi KvR w`‡jb ZLb wZwb †Q‡j‡`i †e‡Âi cv‡k Ny‡i Ny‡i KvR †`L‡Z
ïiæ Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †g‡q‡`i Kv‡Q ‡M‡jb bv| †h cvV¨ cy¯ÍK †`‡L wk¶v_x©iv cÖ‡kœi DËi
wjLwQj Zv‡Z wewfbœ †ckvRxexi wPÎ wQj, †hgb-wePviK, Wv³vi, †`vKvb`vi|
97
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
cvV¨cy¯Í‡KI GB wZb †ckvi wP‡Î cyiæl‡`iB †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †kªwYi KvR Ki‡Z Ki‡ZB
K¬vm †k‡li NÈv †kvbv †Mj|
wk¶K ÔÔAv”Qv †Q‡jiv AvR GLv‡bB K¬vm †kl KiwQÕÕ e‡j we`vq wb‡jb|
evOvwj ms¯‹„wZ‡Z gwnjvivB N‡ii KvR K‡ib| KviY N‡ii KvR cyiæ‡li Rb¨ bq|
†g‡q‡`i Rb¨|
†g‡q wkï‡`i ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡Z Abxnv| KviY Zviv we‡qi c‡i Ab¨ evwo‡Z P‡j hv‡e|
†g‡q‡`i wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe Ki‡Qb bv| KviY cyiælivB msmvi cwiPvjbv
K‡i †g‡qiv bq|
Kzms¯‹vi I Ace¨vL¨v- †g‡q‡`i evB‡i cvVv‡bv wbivc` bq|
mvgvwRK wbivcËvnxbZv- †g‡q‡`i evB‡i cvVv‡bv wbivc` bq|
g~j¨vqb
98
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 12
f~wgKv:
†Q‡j †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kivi wewfbœ †KŠkj AvqI KivB G
Awa‡ek‡bi j¶¨| †mRb¨ †kªwY‡Z †g‡q I ‡Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv i‡q‡Q| G wel‡q wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †mRb¨ †kªwY‡Z wk¶‡Ki
KiYxq w`K¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb|
D‡Ïk¨
GB cvV †k‡l wk¶v_x©iv-
†Q‡j I †g‡q wk¶v_x© Df‡qi AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv KZUzKz Zv ej‡Z
cvi‡eb|
Df‡qi AvMÖn a‡i ivL‡Z wk¶‡Ki KiYxq Kx Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|
†kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|
ce©mg~n
ce©- K: †kªwY‡Z †g‡q-†Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶i †ev‡W© wjL‡eb Ò†kªwY‡Z †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn a‡i
ivLv we‡kl cÖ‡qvRbÓ|
†ev‡W© †jLv welqwUi Dci cy‡iv †kªwYi gZvgZ wb‡eb| †ev‡W© ÔGKgZÕ Ges ÔGKgZ bqÕ
kã `ywU wj‡L wk¶v_x©‡`i gZvg‡Zi djvdj hvPvB Ki‡eb| K‡qKRb‡K Zv‡`i
gZvg‡Zi c‡¶ Kx hyw³ Zv wRÁvmv Ki‡eb|
†Q‡j ev †g‡q wk¶v_x© cv‡V AvMÖnx bv n‡j Kx n‡Z cv‡i? cvkvcvwk emv `yBRb wk¶v_x©‡K
†Rvovq †Rvovq welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ej‡eb| wk¶v_x©e„›` AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wPwýZ K‡i LvZvq wjL‡eb| wk¶K wewfbœ wk¶v_x©i DËi MÖnY Ki‡eb|
99
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
wcÖq wk¶v_x©, †Q‡j-†g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kx Kx wb‡Ri g‡Zv
K‡i wjLyb|
2|
3|
4|
m¤¢ve¨ DËi:
AvB K›Uv±, †kªwY‡Z cÖkœ Kivi †KŠkj, KUyK_v ejv ‡_‡K weiZ _vKv, `jxq Kv‡R
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv, ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb Qwe ev DcKiY cÖ`k©b †_‡K
weiZ _vKv, cvV`v‡b ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb kã cwinvi Kiv, †g‡q I †Q‡j wk¶v_x©
Dfq‡K †kªwY‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi mgvb my‡hvM †`qv, Dfq‡K mgfv‡e cÖkswmZ Kiv BZ¨vw`i
gva¨‡g †kªwY‡Z ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e|
100
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
ce©- M: Awfbq
†kªwY ˆelg¨ Kxfv‡e `~i Kiv hvq Zvi wKQy †KŠkj Av‡Q| Awfbq Zb¥‡a¨ GKwU Ab¨Zg
†KŠkj| †kªwY wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i `yBwU eo `‡j fvM Ki‡eb| wk¶v_x©MY wb‡R‡`i ga¨
‡_‡K GKRb‡K wk¶K-Gi f~wgKvq Awfb‡qi Rb¨ †e‡Q †b‡eb, Ab¨iv wk¶v_x©‡`i
f~wgKvq Awfbq Ki‡eb|
wk¶v_x©‡`i GKwU `j‡K ˆelg¨ ‰Zwi K‡i Ggb †kªwYi wk¶K I wk¶v_x©‡`i f~wgKvq
Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡eb| Ab¨ `j‡K ‰elg¨ †bB Ggb †kªwYi wk¶K I wk¶v_x©‡`i f~wgKvq
Awfbq Ki‡Z ej‡eb| cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ wKQy mgq wba©viY K‡i †`‡eb| `ywU `j‡KB
cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| G ai‡bi Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g GKw`‡K `jxq Kv‡R
mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ nq Ab¨w`‡K GB Kv‡Ri Rb¨ Dfq †kªwY‡K mgvbfv‡e cÖmswkZ
Kivi d‡j †kªwY ˆelg¨ `yixf~Z nq|
wcÖq wk¶v_x© Awfbq QvovI Avi Kx Kx †KŠkj Av‡Q hv cÖ‡qvM K‡i †kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv
†h‡Z cv‡i Zv wb‡Ri gZ K‡i wb‡Pi e·wU‡Z wjLyb|
1| weZ©K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
3|
4|
5|
101
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
BDwbU- 5 Awa‡ekb- 12
†kªwY‡Z ‡Q‡j I †g‡q Dfq wk¶v_x©‡KB mgfv‡e wkL‡b mnvqZv Kiv mKj cÖwk¶K I
wk¶‡Ki KZ©e¨| GRb¨ wk¶K‡K †RÛvi ˆel‡g¨i D‡©× †_‡K †kªwYKvh©µg Pvjv‡Z n‡e|
†kªwY‡Z †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq‡K mgfv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvi‡j †kªwYK‡¶
mywk¶vi cwi‡ek ˆZwi n‡e| cov‡jLvi †¶‡Î weivRgvb ˆelg¨ K‡g Avm‡e| mK‡ji Rb¨
¸YMZ wk¶v wbwðZ n‡e| mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui BwZevPK cwieZ©b Avm‡e| Df‡qi g‡a¨
mgvb AwaKvi wbwðZ n‡e| Df‡qi gvb-gh©v`v I wbivcËvi Dbœqb NU‡e|
GRb¨ wk¶‡Ki AvB K›Uv± mK‡ji cÖwZ mgvb n‡Z n‡e| ïay ‡Q‡j ev †g‡qi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q cvV bv w`‡q cy‡iv †kªwYi w`‡K ZvwK‡q K_v ej‡Z n‡e| †kªwY‡Z cÖkœ Kivi mgq
mK‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| DËiI Dfq †kªwY †_‡K wb‡Z n‡e| †g‡q‡`i ev
‡Q‡j‡`i D‡Ïk¨ K‡i KUyK_v ejv, nvwm-VvÆv Kiv BZ¨vw` cwinvi Ki‡Z n‡e|
`jxq Kv‡R mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv, ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb Qwe ev DcKiY cÖ`k©b
†_‡K weiZ _vKv, cvV`v‡b ˆelg¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i Ggb kã cwinvi Kiv, Dfq‡K †kªwY‡Z
AskMÖn‡Yi mgvb my‡hvM †`qv, Dfq‡K mgfv‡e cÖkswmZ Kiv BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g †kªwY‡Z
ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv m¤¢e| GQvov Mvb, weZ©K, iPbv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, KweZv wjLb, nv‡Zi KvR
BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Dfq wk¶v_x©‡K mgvR my‡hvM w`‡q Kv‡Ri cÖksmv K‡i †hgb, wkL‡bi
AvMÖn a‡i ivLv hvq, Ab¨w`‡K †kªwY ˆelg¨I `~i Kiv m¤¢e nq| gv‡S g‡a¨ Kv‡Ri g~j¨vqb
¯^iƒc cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡j †mUvI LyeB Kvh©Kix f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z wkLb cÖwµqv
Av‡iv AwaK MwZkxj I Avb›``vqK nq|
102
gva¨wgK wkÿK cÖwkÿY- weGW
wk¶K †kªwYK‡¶ †g‡q I †Q‡j Dfq‡K m‡PZb K‡i g‡bv‡hvMx ivL‡Z cvi‡eb|
ïaygvÎ †Q‡j wk¶v_x© wKsev †g‡q wk¶v_x© hv‡Z cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m w`‡K
j¶¨ Ki‡eb|
103
mvgvwRK weÁvb wkÿY- 2
g~j¨vqb
1| †kªwY‡Z †Q‡j-†g‡q Dfq wkÿv_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
2| Dfq wkÿv_x©i AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi †ÿ‡Î GKRb wkÿ‡Ki KiYxq Kx Kx?
3| Kx Kx †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM K‡i †kªwY ˆelg¨ `~i Kiv hvq|
104