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RvZxq wkÿvµg

2012

hyw³we`¨v
GKv`k I Øv`k †kªwY

RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©


1. m~Pbv
1.1 †h‡Kvb Kvh©Kª‡gi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i Gi myôz cwiKíbvi Dci| wk¶v Kvh©µ‡gi Giƒc cwiKíbvB wk¶vµg|
wk¶v_x©‡`i AvMÖn, cÖeYZv, mvg_©¨, AwfÁZv I wkLb Pvwn`v‡K mgš^q K‡i Ges mgvR, †`k I AvšÍR©vwZK cwiw¯’wZ
we‡ePbvq †i‡L cÖYxZ nq wbw`©ó wk¶vµg| Kx, †Kb, wKfv‡e, †K, Kvi mn‡hvwMZvq, Kx w`‡q, †Kv_vq, KZ mgq a‡i
wkÿv_x© wkL‡e Ges hv wk‡L‡Q Zv wKfv‡e hvPvB Kiv n‡e Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi wk¶vµ‡g _v‡K| wk¶vi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨,
wkLbdj, welqe¯‘, wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv-GmeB wk¶vµ‡gi cÖwZcv`¨ welq| wk¶vµ‡gi
wb‡`©kbvi Av‡jvK cÖYxZ nq cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv mvgMÖx| G wkÿvKªg‡K AveZ©b K‡iB †h‡Kv‡bv ¯Í‡ii
wkÿv e¨e¯’vi Kg©KvÐ cwiKwíZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges ev¯ÍevwqZ nq| Avi G Kvi‡YB wk¶vµg‡K wk¶v Kvh©µg
ev¯Íevq‡bi bxj-bKkv ejv n‡q _v‡K|
1.2 wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, Dbœqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| G cÖwµqvq avivevwnK cwiex¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Pjgvb
wk¶vµ‡gi mejZv-`ye©jZv I Dc‡hvwMZv wbY©q Kiv nq| mg‡qi mv‡_ †hgb mgv‡Ri cwieZ©b NU‡Q, ‡Zgwb Ávb-
weÁvb I cÖhyw³i `ªæZ cwieZ©b n‡”Q| Gm‡ei d‡j wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q| G Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b I
bevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶vµg hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLv Avek¨K| Avevi hLb cy‡iv‡bv wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mg‡qi Pvwn`v c~iY
m¤¢e nq bv, ZLb bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq|
2. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi †hŠw³KZv
2.1 gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg 1995 mv‡j cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœq‡bi KvR m¤úbœ nq| lô I beg †kÖwY‡Z
1996 wkÿvel© †_‡K G wkÿvKªg ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR ïiæ nq| D”Pgva¨wgK ¯Í‡i 1998 wkÿvel© †_‡K cwigvwR©Z I bevqbK…Z
wkÿvKªg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q Avm‡Q| Gici `xN© mg‡q RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK cwigЇj mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, A_©‰bwZK I
ivR‰bwZK wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i Ávb-weÁvb, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³i †¶‡Î e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q| cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb-Pvwn`vI cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| G Pvwn`v Abyhvqx wk¶v‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Kivi Rb¨ wk¶vµg Dbœqb
Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o|
2.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi Dci Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcYÕ mgxÿvi djvd‡j wk¶vµ‡gi A‡bK
`ye©jZv, Am½wZ I mgm¨v wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| G wk¶vµg AwZgvÎvq ZË¡ I Z_¨ msewjZ hv wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Ki‡Z
DrmvwnZ K‡i| cÖPwjZ wkÿvµ‡g AbymÜvb, mgm¨v mgvavb `ÿZv AR©b, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLvi Ges m„Rbkxj
I D™¢vebx `ÿZv weKv‡ki my‡hvM mxwgZ| wk¶v_©x‡`i ˆbwZK I gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKv‡ki my‡hvMI Kg| cÖ‡qvRbxq
welq Ges welqe¯‘ †hgb- Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I KiYxq, eqtmwÜKvj I cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, R¡vjvwb
wbivcËv BZ¨vw`i cÖwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wkLb-†kLv‡bvi †¶‡Î
†kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv Gme `¶Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wkÿvµ‡g ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jI ev¯Íevq‡bi †ÿ‡Î G¸‡jv h_vh_
¸iæZ¡ cvq wb| wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K Kg©gyLx Kivi †ÿ‡Î wkÿvµ‡gi Ae`vb m‡šÍvlRbK bq| bevqbK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi Gme
mxgve×Zv KvwU‡q DVvi cÖ‡Póv †bIqv n‡q‡Q|
2.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 evsjv‡`‡ki wk¶v‡¶‡Î GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Abymv‡i wk¶vi gva¨‡g
hy‡Mvc‡hvMx Rbkw³ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wk¶vµ‡gi Dbœqb Ges Gi h_vh_ ev¯Íevqb| RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi
ev¯Íevq‡bi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c n‡”Q G wk¶vbxwZ Abymv‡i wk¶ve¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b Ges Gi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m
Abymv‡i wk¶vµg Dbœqb|
2.4 evsjv‡`‡ki iƒcKí 2021 (VISION 2021) Gi j¶¨ n‡”Q wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k M‡o †Zvjv Ges †`k‡K ga¨g Av‡qi
†`‡k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv‡`k Mov Ges ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ Kivi cÖavb Dcvq n‡”Q wk¶vi gva¨‡g
h‡_vchy³ Rbkw³ m„wó Kiv| Avi wk¶vi gva¨‡g Zv Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Dc‡hvMx wk¶vµg|
2.5 GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶vi Rb¨ MwVZ AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© ‘Learning: The Treasure Within’ G gva¨wgK
wk¶v‡K Rxe‡bi cÖ‡ekØvi (‘gateway to life’) wnmv‡e wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi A_© Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡e‡ki cÖ‡qvRbxq
†hvM¨Zv gva¨wgK wk¶vi gva¨‡g AR©b| G †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡e`‡b wkL‡bi PviwU ¯Í¤¢ (Pillar) wPwýZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| wkL‡bi G ¯Í¤¢mg~n n‡”Q-Rvb‡Z †kLv (Learning to know), Ki‡Z †kLv (Learning to do) wg‡jwg‡k _vK‡Z
†kLv (Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ n‡Z †kLv (Learning to be) | Gme ¯Í¤¢ ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g GKwesk
kZvãxi Dc‡hvMx Rbkw³ m„wói Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b, bevqb I Dbœqb|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 1


3. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z g‡Wj
D‡Ïk¨wfwËK g‡Wj (Objective Model) Abymv‡i D”Pgva¨wgK †kÖwYi RvZxq wkÿvKªg 2012 Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU‡K
djwfwËK g‡WjI (Product Model) ejv hvq| G g‡Wj Abymv‡i wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i D‡Ïk¨ AR©b
Dc‡hvMx welq I welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ ¯ÍiwfwËK cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj
wba©viY Kiv nq| cÖvwšÍK wkLbdj‡K †kªwYwfwËK wkLbd‡j wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kÖwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K eyw×e„Ëxq,
Av‡eMxq I g‡bv‡cwkR- G wZb fv‡M wefvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj‡K wfwË K‡i †kªwY Dc‡hvMx welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg I g~j¨vqb †KŠkjmn hveZxq wk¶v Kvh©µg wba©viY Kiv nq|
4. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b Abym„Z cÖwµqv
†m‡KÛvwi GWy‡Kkb †m±i †W‡fjc‡g›U cÖ‡R± (SESDP) Gi KvwiMwi I Avw_©K mnvqZvq Ges RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †ev‡W©i mvwe©K ZË¡veav‡b GmBGmwWwc Gi wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`, GbwmwUwe-Gi wkÿvµg kvLvi Kg©KZ©ve„›`
Ges wbe©vwPZ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K wk¶vq we‡klÁ I AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶‡Ki
mgš^‡q MwVZ wewfbœ KwgwU wk¶vµg Dbœqb K‡ib| wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri msw¶ß
weeiY Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv:

cÖevn wP‡Î RvZxq wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv

wkÿv cÖwZôvb wkÿv cÖkvmK, cÖPwjZ wkÿvµg mgvR, ivóª I


wkÿvwe`, eyw×Rxex AvšÍR©vwZK Pvwn`v

wkÿK ivóªxq g~jbxwZ


Ae¯’v we‡kølY I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY

RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ
wkÿv_x© 2010
wkÿvµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb

welqwfwËK wkÿvµg cÖYqb

wkÿvµ‡gi mgš^qmvab
I mvwe©K iƒc`vb

RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ…©K


RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Aby‡gv`b

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 2


4.1 Ae¯’v we‡kølY
4.1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` 2008 mv‡j gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii (lô-Øv`k †kÖwY) wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib|
†hŠw³K ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~i‡Y wk¶vµ‡gi Dc‡hvwMZv
hvPvB Kiv nq| GB ch©v‡jvPbvi djvdj bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b we‡ePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1.2 cÖPwjZ wk¶vµ‡gi g~j¨vqb
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁMY Ôgva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010Õ kxl©K GKwU
M‡elYv cwiPvjbv K‡ib| G mgxÿvi gva¨‡g wk¶vµ‡gi mej I `ye©j w`K, ev¯Íevq‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv I cwigvR©‡bi
†¶Îmg~n wPwýZ Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb-Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq|
4.1.3 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 gva¨wgK wk¶v m¤úwK©Z avivmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i bZzb wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wfZ ˆZwi Kiv nq|
RvZxq wk¶vbxwZi wfwˇZB cÖPwjZ mKj avivi (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, Bs‡iwR) wk¶v‡K wbw`©ó ch©vq ch©šÍ mgwš^Z I GKgyLx
wk¶vµ‡gi AvIZvq AšÍf©y³ Kivi c`‡¶c †bIqv nq| G e¨e¯’vq me ai‡bi wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ
GKB wk¶vµg Abymv‡i wk¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡e|
4.1.4 AvšÍR©vwZK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv
we‡k¦i wbe©vwPZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki- fviZ, kªxj¼v, gvj‡qwkqv, wm½vcyi, A‡÷ªwjqv (A½ivR¨), hy³ivR¨ (A½ivR¨) Ges
KvbvWvi (A½ivR¨) mgmvgwqK wk¶vµg ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †`‡ki wk¶ve¨e¯’vi we‡kl K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi we‡kl
w`Kmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ‡Z G‡`i Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kiv nq|
4.1.5 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv
†`‡k-we‡`‡k cÖKvwkZ wk¶v I wk¶vµg welqK cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q-GKwesk kZvãxi wk¶v m¤úwK©Z AvšÍR©vwZK wk¶v Kwgk‡bi cÖwZ‡e`b UNESCO (1996)
ÔLearning: The Treasure Within; O’Neill, Geraldine (2010) ‘Programme Design: Overview of Curriculum
Models’; Marsh, C.J (1997) ‘Perspective Key Concepts for Understanding Curriculum’; Sheehan, John (1986)
Curriculum Models: Product versus Process, Smith, P.L (1993) Instructional Design, Macmillan; RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© cÖYxZ wbgœgva¨wgK, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg (2012), wk¶K cÖwk¶Y
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯Í‡K †RÛvi ms‡e`bkxjZv ch©v‡jvPbv kxl©K cÖwZ‡e`b (2012), Rjevqy cwieZ©b I `y‡h©vM
e¨e¯’vcbv, ZvgvK wbqš¿Y, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ ÔRxeb `¶ZvwfwËK wk¶vÕ|
ZvQvov evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ cÖKí, miKvwi I †emiKvwi cÖwZôvb Ges ms¯’v wk¶vµ‡g AšÍf©yw³i Rb¨ 31wU cÖwZ‡e`b
Rgv †`q| Gme cÖwZ‡e`b ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó wel‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖvmw½K welqe¯‘ ms‡hvR‡bi e¨e¯’v †bIqv nq|
31wU cÖwZ‡e`‡bi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU n‡”Q- Rjevqy cwieZ©b, Z_¨ cÖvwßi AwaKvi, Lv`¨-cywó, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨,
GBPAvBwf-GBWm, we‡kl Pvwn`vm¤úbœ wkï, Rxeb `ÿZvwfwËK wkÿvKªg BZ¨vw`|
4.2 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb
Ae¯’vi we‡kølY †_‡K jä AwfÁZv I djvd‡ji wfwˇZ GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›` RvZxq civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv Ges wewfbœ ch©v‡qi wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i wk¶vq AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ wba©viY K‡ib| Gm‡ei
Dci wfwË K‡i wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq|
4.2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv
 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwˇZ †`k‡cÖg weKv‡ki my‡hvM m„wó
 ˆbwZKZv I gvbweK g~j¨‡eva weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 AbymwÜrmv, m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZv e„w×i my‡hvM ‰Zwi
 weÁvbgb¯‹ I Kg©gyLx Kivi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc
 AvaywbK cÖhyw³ e¨env‡ii †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 ZvwË¡K Áv‡bi mv‡_ ev¯ÍegyLx I cÖ‡qvMgyLx wk¶vi my‡hvM e„w×
 Rxeb`¶Zv AR©‡bi my‡hvM m„wó
 me ai‡bi ˆelg¨ Aemv‡bi j‡¶¨ gvbevwaKv‡ii Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb
 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 3


4.2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎ

D”PZi `¶Zvi
D”Pwk¶v (mvaviY, gv`ªvmv, †ckvMZ) Kg©

Kg©Rxeb
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi
gva¨wgK wk¶v Kg©
KvwiMwi wk¶v
beg †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY
(mvaviY, gv`ªvmv) cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©
D”PZi `¶Zvi
e„wËg~jK wk¶v

e„wËg~jK wk¶v

cÖv_wgK/Ge‡Z`vwq wk¶v
(cÖ_g †_‡K Aóg †kªwY)

cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶v

RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwˇZ Aw¼Z AMÖmiY cÖevn wPÎvbymv‡i 8eQi †gqvw` eva¨Zvg~jK I A‰eZwbK cÖv_wgK
wk¶v †kl K‡i †gav I cÖeYZvi wfwˇZ wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwU Ask Pvi eQi †gqvw` gva¨wgK wk¶vq Ges Ab¨ AskwU
e„wËg~jK wk¶vq cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| gva¨wgK wk¶v †k‡l Zviv D”P wk¶vq hv‡e| Z‡e gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cÖ_g `yÕeQi †k‡l
†KD †KD KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e| e„wËg~jK wk¶v mgvßKvix‡`i GKwU Ask cÖ‡ek `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e,
Ab¨iv D”PZi `¶Zvi e„wËg~jK wk¶v MÖnY Ki‡e| GB wk¶v †k‡l wKQz msL¨K wkÿv_©x KvwiMwi wk¶vq hv‡e Ges
Ab¨iv ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| KvwiMwi wk¶v †k‡l †KD †KD D”Pwk¶vq (†ckvMZ) hv‡e, †KDev
ga¨gv‡bi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| D”Pwk¶v †k‡l D”PZi `¶Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Gfv‡e wewfbœ Ávb
I `¶Zv wb‡q Zviv Kg©Rxeb ïiæ Ki‡e|

4.2.3 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv I wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i wk¶vq AMÖmiY wP·K mwµq we‡ePbvq †i‡L
wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iƒc‡iLvwU wk¶vµg we‡klÁM‡Yi †ek K‡qKwU Af¨šÍixY mfvq
ch©v‡jvPbv I cwigvR©b Kiv nq| Gfv‡e cwigvwR©Z wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq chv©‡qi 2wU †mwgbv‡i Dc¯’vcb I
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Gme †mwgbv‡i RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ, wk¶vwe`, wk¶K-wk¶vq
we‡klÁ, wk¶v cÖkvmK, †kªwYwk¶Ke„›` AskMÖnY K‡ib| G †mwgbv‡i evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡`i K‡qKRb gvbbxq
msm` m`m¨ I RvZxq ch©v‡qi †ek K‡qKRb †bZ…e„›` AskMÖnY K‡i gZvgZ cÖ`vb K‡ib| †mwgbvi †_‡K cÖvß mycvwik
we‡ePbvq †i‡L wkÿvKªg iƒc‡iLvwU cwigvR©b Kiv nq| cwigvwR©Z iƒc‡iLvwU RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© Ges
RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvq AšÍfy©³ welqmg~n n‡”Q wk¶vi j¶¨ I mvaviY D‡Ïk¨, ¯ÍiwfwËK wbe©vwPZ welq, welqwfwËK
b¤^i eÈb I mvßvwnK wcwiqW msL¨v, wkÿve‡l©i Kg©w`em, wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß, RvZxq w`emmg~‡n KiYxq BZ¨vw`|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 4


4.3 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb
wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLvi wfwˇZ cÖwZwU wel‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RvZxq ch©v‡qi wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kªwYwk¶K I GbwmwUwe‡Z Kg©iZ we‡klÁM‡Yi mgš^‡q cÖwZwU wel‡qi Rb¨ 5 †_‡K 8 m`m¨ wewkó GKwU K‡i
KwgwU wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MVb Kiv nq| cÖwZwU welq KwgwU‡Z mgš^qKvix wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib GmBGmwWwci
GKRb wk¶vµg we‡klÁ|
4.3.1 welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb KwgwUmg~n‡K wk¶vµg Dbœqb wel‡q wbweo cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq| cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖavb wZbwU †¶Î
n‡”Q (K) wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cwiwPwZ I wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv (L) wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖwµqv Ges wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi
wba©vwiZ QK I Gi e¨envi (M) QKwfwËK nv‡Z Kj‡g bgybv wk¶vµg Dbœqb Ges ch©v‡jvPbv|
4.3.2 cÖwk¶‡Y cvi¯úwiK Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wbgœwjwLZ †mvcvb Abymi‡Yi wm×všÍ
†bIqv nq:
(K) f~wgKv (wel‡qi msw¶ß cwiPq) (L) D‡Ïk¨ (mvaviY D‡Ïk¨vewji Av‡jv‡K wel‡qi D‡Ïk¨vewj) (M) cÖvwšÍK
wkLbdj (welqwfwËK D‡Ïk¨vewj AR©b Dc‡hvMx wba©vwiZ ¯Íi †k‡l AR©b‡hvM¨ wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cÖvwšÍK
wkLbd‡ji †kªwYwfwËK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj, Aa¨vq I wcwiqW msL¨v, Aa¨vqwfwËK welqe¯‘,
wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡`©kbv, g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv I cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYqb wb‡`©kbv| †h‡nZz beg -`kg †kªwY I GKv`k-Øv`k †kªwY
Awe‡”Q`¨ †kªwY, †m‡nZz G `yÕwU ch©v‡qi wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b QK-1 G †kªwYwfwËK wkLbdj wefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq wb|
4.3.3 cÖwZwU welqwfwËK KwgwU w`be¨vcx wbav©wiZ msL¨K mfvq wgwjZ n‡q wba©vwiZ Q‡K wk¶vµ‡gi Lmov cÖYqb K‡ib|
Gici GKB ai‡bi welq¸‡”Qi welqwfwËK KwgwUmg~n I wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki †hŠ_ mfvq Lmov wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb
I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU †m Abymv‡i wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.4 GKB ai‡bi welqmg~n wb‡q PviwU `j MVb K‡i cÖwZwU `‡ji AvevwmK Kg©kvjv AbywôZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`m¨e„›`,
mswkøó †fwUs KwgwU I m¤úv`bv KwgwUi m`m¨e„›`, wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ wk¶vµg Dbœqb welqK †UKwbK¨vj
KwgwUi m`m¨e„›` G Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnY K‡ib| G Kg©kvjvq welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
ch©v‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K mswkøó KwgwU wkÿvµ‡gi cÖ‡qvRbxq cwigvR©b K‡ib|
4.3.5 cieZ©x‡Z mKj wk¶vµ‡gi Rb¨ GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) ˆZwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~‡e© cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wk¶vµ‡gi
iƒc‡iLv I welqwfwËK wk¶vµgmg~‡ni mv‡_ mgš^q K‡i c~Y©v½ iƒc`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cÖYxZ wk¶vµg wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq Dc¯’vcb I ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq| Kg©kvjvq welq-wk¶KMY `jMZfv‡e ¯^ ¯^
wel‡qi wk¶vµg wbweofv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i mywbw`©ó mycvwik iv‡Lb| Kg©kvjvi G mycvwi‡ki Av‡jv‡K welq KwgwU
wk¶vµg cwigvR©b K‡i mvwe©K iƒc`vb K‡ib|
4.3.7 wk¶vµgwU †UKwbK¨vj I †fwUs KwgwU KZ©„K cwigvR©‡bi ci wk¶v gš¿Yvjq KZ©„K MwVZ cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq
wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ©„K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| me©‡k‡l RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU KZ©„K Aby‡gv`b jv‡fi ci
wk¶vµgwU ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ wnmv‡e M„nxZ nq|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 5


4.4 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡b wewfbœ ch©v‡qi Kvh©µg
ch©vq Kvh©µg Dbœqb/cÖYqbKvixe„›`
1. Ae¯’vi we‡kølY 1.1 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ wk¶vµg 1.1 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
1.2 gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶vµg g~j¨vqb I 1.2 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
Pvwn`v wbiƒcY mgx¶v 2010 cwiPvjbv we‡klÁe„›`
1.3 Dbœqbkxj I DbœZ K‡qKwU †`‡ki 1.3 GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
wkÿvµg ch©v‡jvPbv we‡klÁe„›`

1.4 cÖvmw½K cÖwZ‡e`b, cÖeÜ I gZvgZ 1.4 GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei


ch©v‡jvPbv wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`

2. wk¶vµ‡gi 2.1 wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi bxwZgvjv wba©viY 2.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.2 wk¶v Kvh©µg mgvßKvix‡`i AMÖmiY 2.2 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
cÖevn wPÎ cÖYqb GmBGmwWwc GbwmwUwei wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3 wk¶vµ‡gi iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb 2.3.1 wk¶vµg civgk©‡Ki wb‡`©kbvq
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
2.3.2 RvZxq †mwgbvi `ywU‡Z
AskMÖnYKvixe„›`
3. welqwfwËK 3.1. wk¶vµg Dbœq‡bi Dci wbweo cÖwk¶Y 3.1. wk¶vµg civgk©K I †UKwbK¨vj
wk¶vµg Dbœqb cÖ`vb KwgwU
3.2. welqwfwËK wk¶vµg Dbœqb 3.2.1 wk¶v we‡klÁ, welq we‡klÁ,
AwfÁ †kÖwYwk¶K, GbwmwUwe I
GmBGmwWwci we‡klÁM‡Yi
mgš^‡q MwVZ welqwfwËK wk¶vµg
Dbœqb KwgwU
3.2.2 wefvMxq Kg©kvjvq AskMÖnYKvix
welqwfwËK wk¶K I
GmBGmwWwci wk¶vµg
we‡klÁe„›`
3.2.3 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4. wk¶vµ‡gi 4.1. wk¶vµ‡gi mvgwMÖKfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ Ask 4.1.1 wk¶vµg civgk©K I GmBGmwWwci
mgš^q mvab I ˆZwi I mKj As‡ki mgš^‡q RvZxq wk¶vµg we‡klÁe„›`
Aby‡gv`b wk¶vµg 2012 iƒc`vb 4.1.2 †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU I †fwUs KwgwU
4.1.3 cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU I GbwmwUwe
4.2. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 P~ovšÍ Aby‡gv`b 4.2 RvZxq wk¶vµg mgš^q KwgwU

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 6


5. RvZxq wk¶vµg 2012 Gi ˆewkó¨
5.1 mvaviY, gv`ªvmv I Bs‡iwR wk¶vavivmn mKj avivi wk¶vi Rb¨ Aóg †kªwY ch©šÍ GKgyLx I Awfbœ wk¶vµg cÖYqb|
5.2 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v Ges K¨vwiqvi wkÿv ms‡hvR‡bi cvkvcvwk cÖPwjZ mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡qi cwie‡Z© evsjv‡`k
I wek¦cwiPq welq ms‡hvRb|
5.3 Rjevqy cwieZ©b, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨, Z_¨ AwaKvi, AwURg BZ¨vw` welqe¯‘ ms‡hvRb|
5.4 6ô †_‡K 10g †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Ô¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZÕ welq ms‡hvRb|
5.5 hy‡Mi Pvwn`vbymv‡i mKj ¯Í‡ii cÖPwjZ welqvw`i welqe¯‘ AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e Uz¨wiRg GÛ
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq ms‡hvRb|
5.6 ag© wk¶vmn mKj wel‡q ˆbwZK wk¶vi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.7 fvlv Av‡›`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g †`kvZ¥‡eva I RvZxq HK¨ weKv‡ki Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb| †`kvZ¥‡eva
weKv‡ki gva¨‡g AvšÍR©vwZKZv‡eva m„wói cÖqvm|
5.8 weÁvbgb¯‹, hyw³ev`x, Kg©gyLx I `¶ Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc|
5.9 gvZ…fvlv evsjv Ges AvšÍR©vwZK fvlv Bs‡iwR wk¶vq welqe¯‘ gyL¯’ Kivi cwie‡Z© †kvbv, ejv, cov I †jLv G PviwU `¶Zv †kÖwYK‡ÿ
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g †kLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ges AwR©Z `ÿZv g~j¨vq‡bi c×wZ cÖeZ©b|
5.10 wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©‡`i‡K m„Rbkxj Kiv A_©vr we‡kølYg~jK, wPšÍv DÏxcK I m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœvËi I KvR
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g m„Rbkxj I D™¢vebx ¶gZvi weKv‡ki my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.11 †hme wel‡q e¨envwiK KvR Av‡Q †hgb- weÁvb, c`v_©weÁvb, imvqb, RxeweÁvb, K…wlwk¶v, Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, kvixwiK wkÿv I ¯^v¯’¨,
Kg© I RxebgyLx wkÿv, Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³, Pviæ I KviæKjv wel‡qi ZvwË¡K I e¨envwiK As‡ki g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ges
wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm| A_©vr cÖwZwU ZË¡, m~Î I bxwZ wk¶vi mv‡_ mv‡_ e¨envwiK cvV Mªn‡Yi my‡hvM cÖ`vb|
5.12 nv‡Z Kj‡g †kLv I `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †kLvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.13 †kªwY Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i e¨envi e„w×|
5.14 wk¶v‡K Rxeb I ev¯ÍegyLx Kivi cÖqvm Ges †`kxq †cÖÿvc‡U Dbœqbÿg Rbkw³ m„wói Dci ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.15 Aa¨vq †_‡K Kx Kx Ávb, `¶Zv, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e Zv eyw×e„wËK, g‡bv‡cwkR I Av‡eMxq wkLbdj wnmv‡e cÖwZwU
Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z ms‡hvRb|
5.16 wk¶vi gva¨‡g me©cÖKvi ˆelg¨ `~i K‡i mgZv weav‡bi my‡hvM m„wó| wj½, ag©, eY©, RvwZ, †ckvMZ I A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨ `~i Kivi
j‡¶¨ GKxf~Z wk¶vq ¸iæZ¡ cÖ`vb|
5.17 ‰ewk¦K Pvwn`v Abymv‡i gvbem¤ú` m„wói cÖqvm|
5.18 cÖwZ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß e„w×, Aa¨vqwfwËK wcwiqW wba©viY, wkÿve‡l© Kg©w`e‡mi msL¨v e„w×|
5.19 RvZxq w`emmg~‡n ¯‹zj †Lvjv †i‡L w`em D`hvc‡bi e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©b|
5.20 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi (MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb) gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wbivgqg~jK †mevi gva¨‡g wkLb wbwðZKiY|
5.21 cÖPwjZ e¨envwiK cixÿvi ms¯‹vi mva‡bi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ b¤Ÿi cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM eÜ Kiv|
5.22 mvgwóK g~j¨vqb/mvgwqK cix¶v I cvewjK cix¶v c×wZi ms¯‹vi|
6. wk¶vµg iƒc‡iLv
6.1 lô-Øv`k †kªwYi wk¶vi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨
j¶¨
wk¶v_©xi mvwe©K weKv‡ki gva¨‡g gvbweK, mvgvwRK I ˆbwZK ¸Ym¤úbœ Ávbx, `¶, hyw³ev`x I m„Rbkxj †`k‡cÖwgK Rbm¤ú`
m„wó|
6.2 D‡Ïk¨
6.2.1 wk¶v_x©i myß cÖwZfv I m¤¢vebv weKv‡ki gva¨‡g m„RbkxjZv, Kíbv I AbymwÜrmv e„wׇZ mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.2 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ gvbweK ¸Yvewj, †hgb- ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva, mZZv, Aa¨emvq, mwnòyZv, k„•Ljv, AvZ¥wek¦vm, m`vPvi, A‡b¨i
cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, bv›`wbKZv‡eva, †mŠnv`©¨c~Y© m¤úK© I b¨vqwePvi‡eva my`„pfv‡e Mªw_Z Kiv|
6.2.3 gnvb fvlv Av‡›`vjb, gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv I Amv¤cÖ`vwqK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Av‡jv‡K wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ †`k‡cÖg, RvZxqZv‡eva I
MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kiv Ges m¤¢vebvgq bvMwiK wnmv‡e †e‡o DV‡Z mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.4 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© mymsnZ Áv‡bi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn¨, ms¯‹w„ Z, Av_©-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZKPP©vi cÖwZ AvMªn I †hvM¨Zv m„wói gva¨‡g ˆewk¦K †cÖ¶vc‡U †`‡ki cÖMwZ I Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡Z
m¶g K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.5 kª‡gi gh©v`v, Kv‡Ri Af¨vm I KvR Ki‡Z AvMªnx nIqvi cÖwZ BwZevPK g‡bvfve weKwkZ Kiv hv‡Z wk¶v_x© e¨w³MZ
Ges `jMZ Dfq ai‡bi KvR m¤úv`‡b ˆbwZKZv I `vwqZ¡kxjZvi cwiPq w`‡Z cv‡i|
6.2.6 mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hvM i¶vq wk¶v_x©i cÖwgZ evsjv fvlvi `¶Zv my`„p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvf¨vm
M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.7 evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i AšÍwb©wnZ bv›`wbK †mŠ›`h©, k„•Ljv Ges mL¨ Dc‡fvM I D`NvU‡b wk¶v_x©i †hvM¨Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.8 AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î, D”Pwk¶vmn mKj †¶‡Î Kvh©Ki †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cÖ‡qvR‡b Bs‡iwR fvlvi †gŠwjK `¶Zvmg~n AR©‡bi
gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©‡K †hvM¨ K‡i M‡o †Zvjv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 7


6.2.9 wk¶v_x©‡K MvwYwZK hyw³, c×wZ I `¶Zvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv Ges RxebNwbô I we‡k¦i cvwicvwk¦©K mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
Rb¨ MwY‡Zi cÖv‡qvwMK `¶Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wk¶v_x©‡K cÖhyw³i cÖwZ AvMªnx K‡i †Zvjv Ges Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ e¨env‡i AvZ¥wek¦vmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges
m„Rbkxj wnmv‡e ˆZwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wk¶v_x© hv‡Z Rxebgvb Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ RxebNwbô wewfbœ mgm¨v AbymÜvb I mgvav‡b ˆeÁvwbK cÖwµqv I c×wZ cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i †m j‡¶¨ ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 †`‡k Ges ewnwe©‡k¦i cÖvK…wZK I mvgvwRK cwi‡ek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i cwi‡ekMZ
Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv‡_ mswkøó mK‡ji Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ H mKj Dcv`vb‡K wbqš¿Y I
e¨envi Kivi †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv`¨ I cywó, kvixwiK m¶gZv, †ivM-e¨vwa, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ Ges e¨w³MZ wbivcËv BZ¨vw`i Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i
wk¶v_©x‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rxebhvc‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, Rxeb`¶Zv I `„wófw½ AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wk¶v_x©i g‡b wbR wbR agx©q wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva RvMªZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab¨ ag© I ag©vej¤^x‡`i cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj n‡Z
mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wk¶v_x©i g‡a¨ evOvwj RvZxi Ges ¶z`ª RvwZ-†Mvôxmg~‡ni, eY©, †MvÎ, fvlv, ms¯‹w… Z, wewfbœ †kÖwY I †ckvi gvby‡li cÖwZ
åvZ…Z¡ I kÖ×v‡eva m„wó Kiv|
6.2.16 wk¶v_x©i ˆ`wnK I gvbwmK weKv‡ki j‡¶¨ mnwk¶vµwgK Kvh©vewj- †Ljvayjv, kixiPP©v, mvs¯‹…wZK Kg©KvÐ, Pviæ I KviæKjv
Abykxj‡bi wbqwgZ Af¨vm M‡o †Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebe¨vcx wk¶vq AvMÖnx I †hvM¨ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg©‡¶Î Ges ¯^-Kg©ms¯’v‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv I `„wófw½ my`„p Kiv|
6.2.18 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gva¨‡g wk¶v_x©i †bZ„Z¡, mn‡hvwMZv I †hvMv‡hvM `¶Zv weKv‡k mÿg Kiv|
6.2 welq KvVv‡gv
lô, mßg I Aóg †kªwYi welq KvVv‡gv, b¤^i I mgq eÈb
mKj avivi Avewk¨K welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
(mvaviY wk¶v, gv`ªvmv wk¶v I Bs‡iwR wk¶v aviv) b¤^i (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 150 5 87 174
2. Bs‡iwR 150 5 87 174
3. MwYZ 100 4 70 140
4. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 53 106
5. weÁvb 100 4 70 140
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 35 70
†gvU 650 23 402 804
7. mvaviY wk¶v avivi Avewk¨K welq
ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v: 100 3 53 106
Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
/†eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v
8. kvixwiK wk¶v I ¯^v¯’¨ 50 2 35 70
9. Kg© I RxebgyLx wk¶v 50 2 35 70
10. Pviæ I KviæKjv 50 2 35 70
†gvU 250 9 158 316
mvaviY avivi Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
11. ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/Aviwe/ms¯‹…Z/cvwj 100 2 35 70
me©‡gvU 1000 34 595 1190
`ªóe¨:
 cÖ_g wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 60wgwbU I Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß 50wgwbU|
 kwbevi †_‡K eyaevi cÖwZw`b 6wcwiqW Ges e„n¯úwZevi 4wcwiqW|
 ˆ`wbK cÖviw¤¢K mgv‡ek (Assembly) Gi †gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 45wgwbU|
 `yB wkd‡U cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôv‡b me †¶‡Î 5wgwbU K‡i mgq Kg n‡e Ges ga¨vý weiwZi e¨vwß 25wgwbU|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 8


6.3 mvaviY wk¶v avivi beg I `kg †kªwYi welq-KvVv‡gv, b¤^i I mgq eÈb
wel‡qi aib welq cix¶vi mgqeÈb
b¤^i (K¬vm wcwiqW)
mvßvwnK mvgwqK evwl©K
1. evsjv 200 5 80 160
2. Bs‡iwR 200 5 80 160
3. MwYZ 100 4 64 128
4. ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v 100 2 32 64
(Bmjvg I ˆbwZK wk¶v/ wn›`yag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v/
Avewk¨K wLªóag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v / †eŠ×ag© I ˆbwZK wk¶v)
5. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 50 2 32 64
6. K¨vwiqvi wkÿv 50 1 16 32
7. kvixwiK wk¶v, ¯^v¯’¨weÁvb I †Ljvayjv 100 2 32 64
†gvU 800 21 336 672
kvLvwfwËK welq
weÁvb kvLvi 8. c`v_©weÁvb 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. imvqb 100 3 54 108
welq 10.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ 100 3 54 108
11.evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 100 3 54 108
weÁvb kvLvi 12.RxeweÁvb/D”PZi MwYZ/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq ms¯‹w… Z/K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/Pviæ I
(GKwU †bIqv KviæKjv/msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW/kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
e¨emvq wkÿv 8. e¨emvq D‡`¨vM 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Rb¨ 9. wnmveweÁvb 100 3 54 108
Avewk¨K welq 10.wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs 100 3 54 108
11.weÁvb 100 3 54 108
e¨emvq wk¶v 12.f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek/ evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq/ 100 3 54 108
kvLvi Hw”QK K…wlwk¶v/Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/ ¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
welq ms¯‹…wZ/Pviæ I KviæKjv/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
(GKwU †bIqv
hv‡e) me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
gvbweK kvLvi 8. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv 100 3 54 108
Rb¨ Avewk¨K 9. f~‡Mvj I cwi‡ek 100 3 54 108
welq 10. A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv 100 3 54 108
11. weÁvb 100 3 54 108
gvbweK kvLvi 12.A_©bxwZ/†cŠibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pviæ I 100 3 54 108
Hw”QK welq KviæKjv/K…wlwk¶v /Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb/¶z`ª b„‡Mvôxi fvlv I
(GKwU †bqv ms¯‹w… Z/ Aviwe/ms¯‹Z
… /cvwj/ msMxZ/†ewmK †UªW
hv‡e) /kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov*
me©‡gvU 1300 36 606 1212
`ªóe¨:
 weÁvb, gvbweK I e¨emvq wk¶v kvLv †_‡K †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLv wbe©vPb K‡i wbe©vwPZ kvLvi Avewk¨K welqmg~n wb‡Z
n‡e|
 mßv‡n 6w`b ˆ`wbK 6wcwiqW AbywôZ n‡e|

 wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß I Ab¨vb¨ welq lô †_‡K Aóg †kªwYi Abyiƒc n‡e|


* kvixwiK wkÿv I µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wkÿv cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkÿv_x©iv Hw”QK
welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 9


6.4 GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welqKvVv‡gv (ïay 2013-2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨)

2013 - 2014 wkÿve‡l©i Rb¨ ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv wb¤œiƒc :
1. wk¶v_©x wb‡¤œi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z cvi‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”Q -
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. e¨emvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 2. Bs‡iwR (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n wb¤œiƒc -
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)
weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci
wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨
gvbweK †h‡Kv‡bv wZbwU welq : 10. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v, (O)
4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) BwZnvm, (R) Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (S) Bmjvg wk¶v, (T) g‡bvweÁvb, (U) cwimsL¨vb, (V) b„-weÁvb (bZzb
6. A_©bxwZ wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (W) K„wlwk¶v (X) Mvn©¯’¨ A_©bxwZ (cyivZb
7. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© wkÿvµg), (Y) Pviy I KviyKjv (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
8. f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (_) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (`) Aviwe A_ev cvwj A_ev
9. hyw³we`¨v ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (a) jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (b) D”PZi
MwYZ, (c) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg) ïay we‡KGmwci wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨
e¨emvq 4. e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M),
wkÿv 5. wnmveweÁvb cwimsL¨vb, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O) A_©bxwZ, (P) K„wlwk¶v, (Q) Mvn©¯’¨A_©bxwZ
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv A_ev (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (R) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv (2015-16
Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb wk¶vel© ch©šÍ Pj‡e)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
Mvn©¯’¨ 4. mvaviY weÁvb Ges Lv`¨ I cywó weÁvb 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N) mgvRKg©,
A_©bxwZ 5. e¨envwiK wkíKjv Ges e¯¿ I †cvlvK wkí (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q)msMxZ jNy/D”Pv½(cyivZb wkÿvÎg), (R)
6. M„n e¨e¯’vcbv I wkïea©Y Ges cvwievwiK m¤ú©K mvwPweKwe`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv Ges (T) Bmjvg wkÿv
(cyivZb wkÿvµg)
msMxZ 4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
5. D”Pv½ msMxZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg) (O) Mvn©¯’¨A_©bxwZ (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm

* BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|

 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 200|


 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q e¨envwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I e¨envwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó e¨envwiK As‡ki
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 10


6.5 ÔRvZxq wk¶vµg 2012Õ Abymv‡i GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi welq KvVv‡gv (2014-2015 wkÿvel© n‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡e)

1. wk¶v_©x‡K wb‡¤œi †h‡Kvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ© n‡Z n‡e| kvLvmg~n n‡”QÑ
K. gvbweK L. weÁvb M. e¨emvq wk¶v N. Bmjvg wk¶v kvLv O. Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb¨ Avewk¨K welq 1. evsjv 2. Bs‡iwR 3. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
3. kvLvwfwËK welqmg~n-
kvLv kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K wZbwU welq kvLvwfwËK Hw”QK welq (GKwU †bIqv hv‡e)

weÁvb 4. c`v_©weÁvb 7. (K) RxeweÁvb, (L) D”PZi MwYZ, (M) K…wlwk¶v, (N) f‚‡Mvj, (O)
5. imvqb g‡bvweÁvb, (P) cwimsL¨vb, (Q) g„wËKvweÁvb, (R) cÖ‡KŠkj AsKb I
6. RxeweÁvb A_ev D”PZi MwYZ IqvK©kc cÖ¨vKwUm (cyivZb wkÿvKªg), (S)*µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg),
gvbweK 4. BwZnvm A_ev Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I 7. (K) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_©bxwZ, (M) f‚‡Mvj, (N) hyw³we`¨v,
ms¯‹…wZ (O) mgvRweÁvb, (P) mgvRKg©, (Q) Bmjvg wk¶v, (R) g‡bvweÁvb,
5. †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_©bxwZ A_ev (S) cwimsL¨vb, (T) b„-weÁvb (bZzb wk¶vµg cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶) (U)
hyw³we`¨v K„wlwk¶v (V) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvU¨Kjv (cyivZb
6. mgvRweÁvb A_ev mgvRKg© A_ev f‚‡Mvj wkÿvµg), (Y) mgiwe`¨v (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwj
A_ev ms¯‹…Z (cyivZb wkÿvµg), (_) *µxov (cyivZb wkÿvµg)
e¨emvq 4. e¨emvq msMVb I e¨e¯’vcbv 7. (K) wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb, (M)
wk¶v 5. wnmveweÁvb Uz¨wiRg GÛ nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m¤ú` Dbœqb (bZzb wk¶vµg
6. wdb¨vÝ, e¨vswKs I wegv, A_ev Drcv`b cÖYqb mv‡c‡¶), (O) cwimsL¨vb, (P) f‚‡Mvj, (Q) A_©bxwZ, (R)
e¨e¯’vcbv I wecYb K„wlwk¶v, (S) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (T) mvwPweK we`¨v I Awdm e¨e¯’vcbv
(2015-16 wk¶vel© ch©šÍ)
Bmjvg 4. Bmjvg wk¶v 7. (K) mgvRweÁvb, (L) mgvRKg©, (M) K„wlwk¶v, (N) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb,
wk¶v 5. Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z (O) g‡bvweÁvb, (P) hyw³we`¨v, (Q) f‚‡Mvj, (R) A_©bxwZ
6. Aviwe
Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb 4. wkïi weKvk 7. (K) wkíKjv I e¯¿ cwi”Q`, (L) g‡bvweÁvb, (M) A_©bxwZ, (N)
5. Lv`¨ I cywó mgvRKg©, (O) f‚‡Mvj, (P) mgvRweÁvb
6. M„n e¨e¯’vcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
m½xZ 4. jNy m½xZ 7. (K) A_©bxwZ, (L) †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) g‡bvweÁvb, (N)
5. D”Pv½ m½xZ hyw³we`¨v, (O) Mvn©¯’¨weÁvb, (P) mgvRweÁvb, (Q) mgvRKg©
6. A_©bxwZ A_ev †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
* µxov welqwU ïay evsjv‡`k µxov wk¶v cÖwZôv‡bi weÁvb I gvbweK kvLvi wk¶v_©xiv Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e wb‡Z cvi‡e|
 BwZnvm Ges Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z welq `ywUi g‡a¨ †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| †Zgwbfv‡e
mgvRweÁvb I mgvRKg© welq `ywUi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Avewk¨K A_ev Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e| D‡jøL _v‡K †h, welq `ywU GKB m‡½
Avewk¨K I Hw”QK wnmv‡e †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 mKj wel‡q `yB cÎ _vK‡e Ges c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 200|
 ïay Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡q GKwU cÎ _vK‡e Ges Gi c~Y© b¤^i n‡e 100|
 mKj wel‡q mvßvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
 Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ wel‡qi mvßvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
 cÖwZwU wcwiq‡Wi e¨vwß n‡e 60 wgwbU|
 GKB welq kvLvwfwËK Avewk¨K welq Ges Hw”QK welq wnmv‡e `yÕevi †bIqv hv‡e bv|
 †h me wel‡q e¨envwiK Av‡Q Hme wel‡q ZË¡xq I e¨envwiK mgwš^Zfv‡e Pj‡e| A_©vr ZË¡xq Ask Ges G mswkøó e¨envwiK As‡ki wkLb-
†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg GKB mv‡_ cwiPvwjZ n‡e| cvV¨cy¯ÍK †mfv‡eB cÖYxZ n‡e|
 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ evsjv I Bs‡iwR eB e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cvV¨cy¯ÍK RvZxq wk¶vµg I
cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW© KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e| Z‡e †idv‡iÝ wnmv‡e Ab¨vb¨ eB e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 11


7. wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶vµ‡gi myôz ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKiY A_©vr wkLbdj AR©b cÖavbZ `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj|
me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y©wU n‡”Q †kªwYwk¶‡Ki mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I h‡_vchy³ wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji myôy cÖ‡qvM Ges
wØZxqwU n‡”Q gvbm¤§Z cvV¨cy¯ÍK I Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi| Dfq †¶‡ÎB wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GK K_vq wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZKi‡Yi †¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki †P‡q DËg Avi wKQy †bB| GLv‡b we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL¨,
A‡bK KwVb I RwUj KvR hv Kivi Rb¨ A‡bK kªg I mgq cÖ‡qvRb Zv h‡_vwPZ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M mn‡R I Kg
mg‡q mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e| wk¶v_©xi wkL‡bi †¶‡ÎI G wbqg cÖ‡hvR¨| wk¶K c~e©cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡q Kg cwikª‡g Ges
A‡c¶vK…Z Kg mg‡q h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡M wk¶v_©xi wkLbdj AR©b wbwðZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
7.1 wk¶v_©xi wkLb wbwðZ Kivi †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨ welq
7.1.1 wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµqZv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| mwµqZvi `yÕwU †¶Î-gvbwmK mwµqZv I ˆ`wnK mwµqZv|
gvbwmK mwµqZv A_©vr wk¶Yxq wel‡q wk¶v_©xi wPšÍb cÖwµqv DÏxß Kiv| Ggb mgm¨v, cÖkœ ev KvR †`Iqv hvi mgvavb
wPšÍv K‡i †ei Ki‡Z nq| ˆ`wnK mwµqZv n‡jv nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR K‡i †kLv| wk¶v jvf cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq ivLv
†M‡j Kg mg‡q I mn‡R wkLb m¤¢e|
7.1.2 gvbyl GK ai‡bi Kv‡R `xN© mg‡q g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z cv‡i bv| wkï‡`i †¶‡Î g‡bv‡hvM †`Iqvi e¨vwß eq¯‹‡`i †P‡q Kg|
wewfbœ M‡elYvq †`Lv †M‡Q, 12 †_‡K 16 eQi eqmx wkï‡`i †¶‡Î G e¨vwß 8 †_‡K 10 wgwbU, ZvI Avevi wbf©i K‡i
KvRwU KZUv AvKl©Yxq Ges Avb›``vqK Zvi Dci| AZGe †kªwY Kvh©µg n‡e ˆewPΨc~Y©| Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, Mí,
†jLv, AuvKv, weZK©, Awfbq, nv‡Z-Kj‡g KvR, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b BZ¨vw` cv‡Vi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi
g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLv m¤¢e|
7.1.3 cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³B ¯^Zš¿ (every individual is a unique)| wk¶v_©x‡`i †¶‡Î Zv †ewk we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L| cÖ‡Z¨K
wk¶v_©x Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i wbR MwZ‡Z †k‡L| ZvB e¨w³¯^vZ‡š¿¨i K_v we‡ePbvq †i‡L h_vm¤¢e wk¶v_©xi Dc‡hvMx
Dcv‡q mn‡hvwMZv †`Iqv n‡j wk¶v_©xi c‡¶ wk¶vjvf mnR nq|
7.1.4 wk¶v‡K ejv nq ÔeøK cÖwµqvÕ| eø‡Ki Dci eøK ¯’vcb K‡i weivU BgviZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| GKBfv‡e Rvbv AwfÁZv, Ávb I
`¶Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv I g~j¨‡eva AR©‡b mn‡R mnvqZv †`Iqv hvq| ZvB wk¶v_©xi Rxeb †_‡K Dcgv,
D`vniY w`‡q Ges c~e©jä Ávb, `¶Zvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i bZzb Ávb, `¶Zv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv n‡j wk¶v jvf
mnR nq|
7.1.5 wk¶v_©xiv hv wkL‡e Zv ey‡S wkL‡e| †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv jvf Ki‡e| bv ey‡S gyL¯’ Kiv h_v_© wk¶v bq|
G‡Z wkL‡bi mÂvjb nq bv| ey‡S wkL‡j ev †Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi hyw³ I c×wZ ey‡S cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Abyiƒc mgm¨vi
mgvavb wkÿv_©x wb‡RB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB wkL‡bi Rb¨ gyL‡¯’i †P‡q eySvi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb|
7.1.6 wk¶v jv‡f h_vh_ wk¶v DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| me wel‡qB Kg-†ewk wk¶v DcKiY e¨env‡ii my‡hvM
Av‡Q| wk‡¶vcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ RwUj I weg~Z© welq‡K mnR I g~Z© K‡i Dc¯’vcb K‡i welqwU‡K ¯úó aviYv †`Iqv hvq|
GKwU †QvU MvQ †kªwY‡Z cÖ`k©b K‡i Mv‡Qi wewfbœ Ask e¨vL¨v Ki‡j wKsev gvwëwgwWqvq m~h©MÖnY †`Lv‡j Zv m¤^‡Ü hZ
mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf m¤¢e Ab¨ †Kv‡bvfv‡e Zv m¤¢e bq| gvwëwgwWqv e¨env‡ii my‡hvM bv _vK‡j P›`ª, c„w_ex I m~‡h©i
Awfbq ev PvU© e¨envi Kiv hvq|
7.1.7 wkLb‡K ¯’vqxKi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Abykxj‡bi e¨e¯’v| bZzbfv‡e AwR©Z Ávb, `¶Zv evievi Abykxjb Kiv n‡j GKw`‡K
†hgb wkLb ¯’vqx nq, Ab¨w`‡K wkLb mÂvj‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq|
7.1.8 wk¶v AR©‡bi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki mnvbyf~wZc~Y© AvPiY LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi m¤úK© Ggb n‡e †hb
wk¶v_©x ïay †jLvcov welqK mgm¨v bq, Zvi †h †Kv‡bv e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK mgm¨v webv ms‡Kv‡P wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv
K‡i| wk¶K mgm¨v mgvav‡b civgk© w`‡eb Ges mva¨gZ mnvqZv Ki‡eb| wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi gv‡S †Kv‡bv †`qvj _vK‡e bv|
m¤úK© n‡e †mœn-kª×vi Ges LyeB Nwbô I AvšÍwiK|
7.1.9 wk¶‡Ki wek¦vm _vK‡Z n‡e †h, Zuvi mKj wk¶v_©xB †kLvi mvg_©¨ m¤úbœ| mevi †kLvi Dcvq I MwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z
cv‡i, Z‡e Dchy³ cwi‡ek I mn‡hvwMZv †c‡j mevB wkL‡e| †Kvb wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki †bwZevPK g‡bvfve _vK‡j H
wk¶K †_‡K wk¶v_©xi DcK…Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv LyeB Kg| ZvB cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ wk¶‡Ki D”P aviYv _vKv evÃbxq|
†Kvb wk¶v_©x‡K KLbI ÔZvi gv_vq †MveiÕ, Ô†Zv‡K w`‡q wKQyB n‡e bvÕ, ÔMvavÕ, ÔAc`v_©Õ BZ¨vw` †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †bwZevPK
ev wbiærmvng~jK K_v ejv hv‡e bv| †eZ e¨envi ev †Kv‡bv cÖKvi kvixwiK ev gvbwmK kvw¯Í cÖ`vb wkÿv jv‡fi AšÍivq
Ges ivóªxq AvB‡b kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ Aciva| fq-fxwZ bv †`wL‡q eis Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©xi †kLvi AvMÖn A‡bKUvB
†e‡o hvq|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 12


8. wkLb gZev`
8.1 wk¶v weÁv‡bi AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq wkLb gZev`| `xN©w`b a‡i _b©WvB‡Ki ÔcÖ‡Póv I fyj ms‡kvabÕ gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); †cfj‡fi DÏxcK I cÖwZwµqvwfwËK mv‡c¶ cÖwZeZ©ev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of
Pavlov); †Kv‡njvi I KvdKv‡ii mgMÖZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkL‡bi †¶‡Î Abym„Z n‡q Avm‡Q| eqm‡f‡` wkï‡`i AeaviY
¶gZv wfbœ G wel‡q Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wk¶vweÁv‡b mwe‡kl Ae`vb †i‡L P‡j‡Q| G gZev‡`
AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_©¨i ZviZg¨ Abymv‡i 1 †_‡K 16 eQi eq‡mi wkï Rxeb‡K PviwU ¯Í‡i fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvM¸‡jv
n‡”Q (K) 0-2 eQi ms‡e`b mÂvj‡bi ¯Íi (L) 2-7 eQi cÖvK-Kvh©Ki ¯Íi (M) 7-11 eQi ev¯Íe Kvh©Ki ¯Íi Ges (N) 11-16
eQi AvbyôvwbK Kvh©Ki ¯Íi| wk¶vµg Dbœqb I wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvq wkïi AeaviY ¶gZv ev mvg‡_¨©i welq
we‡ePbvq ivLv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †Kvb eq‡mi wkï KZUzKz aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i ev †Kvb eq‡m Kx Kx ai‡bi weg~Z© aviYv jvf
Ki‡Z m¶g †m m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv _vKv AZ¨vek¨K| wkL‡bi DwjøwLZ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wKš‘ eZ©gvb we‡k¦
me©vwaK Av‡jvP¨ wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb m¤úwK©Z hv MVbev` bv‡g cwiwPZ|
8.2 MVbev` (Constructivist Theory)
wk¶v_x© wKfv‡e †k‡L G m¤ú‡K© wk¶v g‡bvweÁvbx‡`i Ae¨vnZ cÖ‡Póvi d‡j D™¢~Z me©vaywbK ZË¡ n‡”Q MVbev`| j¨vwUb
kã Constrvere †_‡K Construct kãwUi DrcwË hvi A_© web¨vm Kiv ev MVb †`Iqv| ZvB G Z‡Ë¡i g~jK_v n‡jv aviYv
MVbB wkLb| cÖwZ gyn‡~ Z© Bw›`ªq MÖvn¨ Z_¨ Øviv Avgv‡`i wPšÍ‡bi g‡a¨ †h wbqwgZ MVb Ges cwieZ©b n‡”Q Zvi gva¨‡gB
wkLb cÖwµqv N‡U| cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x© wb‡Ri AwfÁZv Ges cvwicvwk¦©KZv Abya¨vb K‡i wb‡Ri g‡Zv GKKfv‡e bZzb Ávb I
aviYv MVb K‡i| e¨w³ bZzb wKQyi m¤§yLxb n‡j †m GUv‡K Zvi c~e©jä Ávb I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K hvPvB K‡i MÖnY K‡i|
Gfv‡eB e¨w³ bZzb aviYv ev Ávb AR©b K‡i| hvPvB‡q bZzb welq‡K AevšÍi g‡b n‡j GUv‡K †m evwZj K‡i †`q|
wkL‡bi †ÿ‡Î Jerome Bruner cwi‡ek I fvlv weKv‡ki Dci †ewk cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, ÁvbweKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î
cwi‡e‡ki f~wgKv †ewk Ges ÁvbweKv‡ki wewfbœ ¯Í‡i wkï Áv‡bi AvIZvfz³ wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb wewfbœfv‡e †`q| GUv
wbf©i K‡i wkïi c~e© AwfÁZv I Áv‡bi Dci|
David Jonassen g‡b K‡ib MVbev‡` wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv n‡e bZzb aviYv MV‡b wk¶v_x©‡K mnvqZv Kiv| ïay ZË¡ I Z_¨
mieivn Kiv bq| wk¶K mgm¨v-mgvavb ev AbymÜv‡bi wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb, wk¶v_x©iv hv‡Z wb‡RivB AbywgZ aviYv ˆZwi I
cix¶v K‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡i Ges `jMZ wkLb cwi‡e‡k Ab¨‡`i‡K Zv Rvbv‡Z cv‡i| G cÖwµqvq Ávb jv‡fi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©iv wKfv‡e DcK…Z n‡”Q Zv D`NvUb Ki‡Z wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡ib| Jonassen AviI g‡b K‡ib †h,
wk¶v_x©iv wb‡Riv wb‡R‡`i‡K cÖkœ K‡i Ges Zv‡`i e¨eüZ c×wZ †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv hvPvB K‡i wb‡RivB µ‡g µ‡g
AwfÁ wk¶v_x©‡Z cwiYZ nq, wKfv‡e wkL‡Z nq (How to learn) Zv Zviv AvqË K‡i †d‡j| Gfv‡e Zviv Rxebe¨vcx
wk¶v_x©‡Z (Life-long learners) cwiYZ nq|
MVbev`wfwˇZ wk¶vµ‡gi web¨vm n‡e kw•Lj (spiral)| G e¨e¯’vq wk¶v_x© AwR©Z aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½i Dci wfwË
K‡i µgvMZfv‡e bZzb bZyb aviYv, Ávb I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡e|
David Jonassen Gi gZvbymv‡i MVbev`x †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb n‡e-
 MwVZ (Constructed) : wk¶v_x©iv Zv‡`i c~e©Ávb, aviYv I AwfÁZvi mv‡_ bZzb Ávb I AwfÁZvi mgš^q K‡i Abya¨v‡bi
gva¨‡g wb‡Ri gv‡S bZzb aviYv MVb Ki‡e|
 mwµq (Active) : wk¶v_x©iv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i aviYv m„wó Ki‡e| wk¶K Zv‡`i‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡eb Ges
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K cix¶v Ki‡Z, DcKiYvw` e¨envi Ki‡Z, cÖkœ Ki‡Z I cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡Z my‡hvM K‡i w`‡eb|
wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i j¶¨ I Kg©cš’v wba©vi‡Y mnvqZv w`‡eb|
8. wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi KwZcq c×wZ I †KŠkj
wk¶v_©xi wkLb A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i wk¶K KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci| wk¶v_©x‡`i ¶gZv I cÖeYZv
Ges cv‡Vi ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| c×wZ I †KŠkj mwVK n‡j Ges h_vh_fv‡e
cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡j wk¶v_©x mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b K‡qKwU c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji msw¶ß cwiPq †`Iqv n‡jv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 13


8.1 cÖkœ-DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method)
cÖk-œ DËi GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ I Kvh©Ki c×wZ| G c×wZi mwVK cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x‡K mwµq †i‡L wkL‡b
mn‡hvwMZv Kiv hvq| wewfbœ D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖkœ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †kLvi Rb¨ cÖkœ, wkLbdj AR©b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖkœ, †Kvb we‡kl
K‡g©i Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB Kivi Rb¨ cÖkœ, BZ¨vw` †ek K‡qK ai‡bi cÖkœ i‡q‡Q|
8.2 cÖkœ Kivi ixwZ
 mg¯Í †kªwY‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i cÖkœ Kiv| GKRb †Kv‡bv wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡j †kªwYi Ab¨ wk¶v_©xiv wbw®Œq _v‡K,
Ag‡bv‡hvMx n‡Z cv‡i| ZvB mevB‡K mwµq ivLvi Rb¨ mg¯Í †kªwY‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z nq|
 wPšÍv K‡i DËi wVK Kivi Rb¨ wKQyUv mgq †`Iqv|
 DËi `v‡b k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv| DËi`v‡b mÿg wk¶v_©xiv nvZ DVv‡e| mevi GKmv‡_ DËi †`Iqvi Af¨vm Z¨vM
Kiv‡Z n‡e|
 wk¶v_©x‡K wbw`©ó K‡i DËi w`‡Z ejv| GKB wk¶v_©x‡K evi evi DËi †`Iqvi my‡hvM bv w`‡q ch©vqµ‡g mevB‡K
my‡hvM †`Iqv| cÖ‡qvR‡b DËi`v‡b Bw½Z w`‡q mnvqZv Kiv| DËi mwVK bv n‡j Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡K DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 mwVK DËi cybive„wË Kiv|
 Gici c~‡e© nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wk¶v_©x‡K GKB cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejv|
 cÖ‡qvR‡b AbymÜvbx cÖkœ (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K †h cÖkœ Rv‡M Zv‡K AbymÜvbx cÖkœ ejv
nq|
8.2.1 cÖ‡kœi aib
 cÖ‡kœi fvlv n‡e mnR I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|
 cÖkœ n‡e wk¶v_©xi wPšÍv DÏxcK I †cÖiYv m„wóKvix| Ô†KbÕ, ÔwKfv‡eÕ, ÔKviY KxÕ, Ôe¨vL¨v KiÕ, Ôwe‡kølY KiÕ, ÔZzjbv KiÕ
BZ¨vw` Øviv cÖkœ Kiv n‡j wPšÍv K‡i DËi †ei Ki‡Z nq|
 †hme cÖ‡kœi DËi Ônu¨vÕ ev ÔbvÕ Ggb cÖkœ bv KivB fvj| ¯§„wZ wbf©i cÖkœ †hgb ÔKxÕ, Ô†KÕ, Ô†Kv_vqÕ, ÔKqwUÕ ev ÔKv‡K e‡jÕ
BZ¨vw` cÖkœ hZUv m¤¢e cwinvi Kiv|
 ch©vqµ‡g Ggbfv‡e cÖkœ Kiv †hb cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi †_‡K welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© ¯úó aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b
cÖ‡kœvˇii gv‡S gv‡S Av‡jvPbv Kiv|
 AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ (probing question) A_©vr GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi †_‡K D™¢~Z cÖkœ K‡i wel‡qi c~Y©Zv Avbv cÖ‡qvRb|
†hgb-
g~j cÖkœ : we`¨vj‡q wkÿv_x©‡`i Mo Dcw¯’wZ KZ?
DËi : mvaviY mg‡q 85%, we‡kl mg‡q 50%
AbymÜvbg~jK cÖkœ : we‡kl mg‡q Kg †Kb?
DËi : avb †ivcY I avb KvUvi †gŠmy‡g †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i A‡b‡K K…wlKv‡R AwffveK‡K mnvqZv K‡i ZvB Zviv
we`¨vj‡q Av‡m bv|
8.2.2 wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
 mwVK Dˇii Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡K Drmvn cÖ`vb
 fyj Dˇii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv I wkL‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv cÖ`vb Kiv
 mwVK Dˇii cÖm½ †U‡b Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
 wk¶v_©x‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z my‡hvM †`Iqv, DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges wk¶v_©xi cÖ‡kœi DËi †`Iqv|
9. `jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wk¶v c×wZ
`jMZ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK c×wZ GKwU mdj wkLbc×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z GKB eqtµ‡gi ev GKB ch©v‡qi wk¶v_©xiv
ci¯úi wg_w¯Œqvi gva¨‡g wk¶v jvf K‡i| G‡¶‡Î wk¶‡Ki f~wgKv c‡iv¶ n‡jI ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
cÖwZwU wk¶v_©xi ïay Ávb-`¶ZvB e„w× cvq bv, mv‡_ mv‡_ †ek wKQy gvbweK ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U| K_v †kvbvi I K_v
ejvi k„•Ljv AbymiY, cigZ mwnòzZv, †bZ…Z¡, mg‡SvZv BZ¨vw` ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 14


9.1 `j MVb
wewfbœfv‡e `j MVb Kiv hvq| †hgb mg-mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, wgkª mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, welqwfwËK `j,
AÂjwfwËK `j BZ¨vw`| A‡bK †¶‡Î wgkª mvg‡_©¨ `‡ji myweav Ab¨‡`i †P‡q wKQyUv †ewk| cÖwZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ ev cÖwZ
wel‡qi Rb¨ bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡Z †M‡j A‡bK mgq jv‡M| ZvB †kªwYwk¶K (whwb cÖ_g wcwiq‡W K¬vm †bb) `j
MVb Ki‡eb| cÖ‡qvR‡b GK gvm AšÍi AšÍi bZzb K‡i `j MVb Ki‡eb| G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i wg_w¯Œqvi cwimi e„w×
cvq| GKB †kªwYi wewfbœ wel‡qi wk¶KMY †kªwYwk¶K KZ©„K MwVZ `j¸‡jv‡KB `jMZ Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡eb|
cÖwZwU `‡ji AvKvi 6Rb †_‡K 8Rb n‡j fvj, Z‡e 10R‡bi †ewk nIqv evÃbxq bq| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji GKwU K‡i bvg
_vK‡j myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bv‡g `‡ji bvg ivLv hvq|
9.1.1 `jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm
`jMZ Kv‡Ri Avmb web¨vm Ggb n‡e hv‡Z `‡ji mKj wk¶v_©x gy‡LvgywL em‡Z cv‡i| †kªwYK‡¶i AvKvi eo n‡j
Ges ch©vß AvmevecÎ _vK‡j, cÖwZ `j †Mvj †Uwe‡ji Pvicv‡k¦© em‡e| Giƒc AvmevecÎ bv _vK‡j cvKv †g‡S‡Z
gv`y‡iI †Mvj n‡q em‡Z cv‡i| bZzev cÖ_g †e‡Âi wk¶v_©xiv Ny‡i wØZxq †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL em‡e, Gfv‡e Z…Zxq †eÂ
Ny‡i PZz_© †e‡Âi gy‡LvgywL| G‡¶‡Î cÖwZ `‡ji wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K ci ci `yÕ†e‡Â em‡Z n‡e| wk¶K `jMZ KvR eywS‡q
†`Iqvi mv‡_ mv‡_B `je×fv‡e e‡m `jMZ KvR ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| AvmevecÎ UvbvUvwb K‡i mgq bó Kiv hv‡e bv|
9.1.2 `jMZ KvR Kivi cÖwµqv
 `‡j fvM nIqvi Av‡MB mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶K ¯úó K‡i `jMZ KvR eywS‡q w`‡eb|
 wk¶K `‡ji GKRb‡K GKwU Kv‡Ri Rb¨ `j‡bZv g‡bvbqb w`‡eb| ch©vqµ‡g `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K‡K `j‡bZvi `vwqZ¡
w`‡eb|
 wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM n‡q em‡e| `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K welqwU wb‡q wPšÍv Ki‡e| Zvici Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Ki‡e| GKRb K_v
ejvi mgq Ab¨iv gb w`‡q ïb‡e| K_vi gv‡S †KD K_v ej‡e bv| Z‡e Av‡jvPbv Ah_v `xN© ev cÖm½ ewnf©~Z n‡j
`j‡bZv f`ªfv‡e wbqš¿Y Ki‡e|
 `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨‡K Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e|
 Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ZË¡, Z_¨, hyw³ Dc¯’vcb I hyw³ LÐb Ki‡e|
 Kv‡iv K_v AcQ›` n‡j ev gbtcyZ bv n‡j ˆah© a‡i ïb‡Z n‡e, c‡i hyw³ w`‡q LÐb Kiv hv‡e, ivM Kiv ev A‡kvfb
AvPiY Kiv hv‡e bv|
 †Rvi K‡i Ab¨‡`i Dci wb‡Ri gZvgZ Pvwc‡q †`Iqvi †Póv Kiv hv‡e bv|
 Av‡jvPbvi djvdj `‡ji wm×všÍ wnmv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e Ges mevB‡K †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e|
 cieZ©x‡Z mg‡eZ K¬v‡m wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kvbymv‡i H Av‡jvPbvi `j‡bZv `‡ji cÖwZ‡e`b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Ab¨ `‡ji cÖkœ
_vK‡j `‡ji c‡¶ †h †Kv‡bv GKRb DËi w`‡e|
 `jMZ KvR Pjvi mgq †Kv‡bv gZv‰bK¨ ev mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j `j‡bZv nvZ Zz‡j wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv PvB‡e|
9.1.3 `jMZ Kv‡Ri aib
`jMZ KvR cÖavbZ AbymÜvbg~jK ev mgm¨vwfwËK n‡e| `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wPšÍv DÏxcK, m„Rbkxj I we‡kølYagx©
n‡e| mvaviY ZË¡, Z_¨ ev Ávbg~jK Rvbvi welq `jMZ Av‡jvPbvi welq nq bv| Zv‡Z AbymÜvb ev wPšÍv DÏxcK wKQy
_v‡K bv|

9.1.4 `jMZ Kv‡Ri K‡qKwU D`vniY


K. evsjv‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ cÖRvwZi cvwL µgvMZ wejyß nIqvi KviY I Zv‡`i i¶vi Dcvq AbymÜvb|
L. MÖv‡gi wbi¶i gvbyl‡K ¯^v¯’¨ m‡PZb Kivi †¶‡Î wk¶v_©x‡`i KiYxq wba©viY|
M. cix¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wewfbœ cÖKvi gvwUi ˆewkó¨ wPwýZKiY|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki wkï‡`i AwaKvi i¶vq miKvi, mgvR I Awffve‡Ki KiYxq wba©viY|
O. GKwU Aby‡”Q‡`i mvigg© D`&NvUb|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 15


9.1.5 `jMZ Kv‡Ri welq wnmv‡e mwVK bq
K. AbycvZmn evqyi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni bvg
L. evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZi eY©bv
M. mvK© †`kmg~‡ni ivRavbx, RbmsL¨v I gv_vwcQy Avq
N. cigvYyi MVb eY©bv
O. Z_¨ AwaKvi AvBb eY©bv
9.1.6 `jMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkLb `ye©jZvi Aemvb
wk¶v_©x‡`i †KD †KD wewfbœ Kvi‡Y wba©vwiZ wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkLb
`ye©jZvm¤úbœ wk¶v_©x‡`i wPwýZ K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl `jMZ Kv‡Ri e¨e¯’v Kiv hvq| G †¶‡Î GKB †kªwYi GKRb
wkLbdj AR©bKvix †PŠKm wk¶v_©x‡K `j‡bZv wnmv‡e `‡ji Ab¨‡`i‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv Kivi `vwqZ¡ †`Iqv nq|
wkÿK `j‡bZv‡K c~‡e©B cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©kbv w`‡q †`b| mgch©v‡qi wk¶v_©x Øviv Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K wkLb mn‡hvwMZv
†`Iqv‡K ÔPeer LearningÕ ejv nq|
9.1.7 `jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶‡Ki KiYxq
`jMZ KvR PjvKvjxb wk¶K Ny‡i Ny‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji KvR ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡eb| †hLv‡b hLb cÖ‡qvRb wb‡`©kbv I
mnvqZv w`‡eb| cieZ©x‡Z `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vc‡bi mgq fyj-åvwšÍ ev Am¤ú~Y©Zv _vK‡j awi‡q w`‡eb|
10. cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method)
cÖ`k©b c×wZi g~jK_v n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQy †`wL‡q †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡f wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K mnvqZv Kiv| †Kv‡bv wKQy
Dc¯’vc‡b ïay eY©bv ev Av‡jvPbvq mxgve× bv †_‡K Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡j aviYv jvf mnR nq Ges G‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i AvMÖn
I Drmvn e„w× cvq| G c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi welq mswkøó ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev cÖZ¨¶fv‡e cÖwµqv †`wL‡q eY©bv, Av‡jvPbv ev cÖkœ-
Dˇii gva¨‡g aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv nq| †hgb- GKwU Rev dz‡ji Ask¸‡jv †`wL‡q dz‡ji Ask¸‡jvi m¤ú‡K©
aviYv AR©‡b mnvqZv Kiv; †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i mvg‡b hš¿cvwZ ms‡hvRb K‡i `¯Ívi mv‡_ cvZjv mvjwdDwiK GwmW
wgwk‡q nvB‡Wªv‡Rb cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †`Lv‡bv BZ¨vw`|
A‡bK †¶‡Î ev¯Íe e¯‘ ev NUbv mivmwi †`Lv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| †m‡¶‡Î Aa©ev¯Í‡ei mvnv‡h¨ aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv
hvq| †hgb- P›`ª ev m~h©MÖnY m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ †kªwYK‡¶ wmwW ev wWwfwWi gva¨‡g gvwëwgwWqvq c„w_ex I
Puv‡`i wbR wbR K¶c‡_ N~Y©b †`wL‡q MÖnY NUvi welqwU cwi®‹vi Kiv hvq| cÖ‡R±i ev gvwëwgwWqv bv _vK‡j Pv‡U©i
gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv hvq| †¶Î we‡k‡l wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K †kªwYK‡¶i evB‡i wb‡q ev¯Íe NUbv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e †`wL‡q wk¶v jv‡f
mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- f~wg¶‡qi KviY¸‡jv cÖZ¨¶ †`Lv‡bv hvq| m¤¢e n‡j HwZnvwmK ¯’v‡b wb‡q wewfbœ wb`k©b
†`wL‡q I eY©bv K‡i aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiv hvq| †hgb- Kzwgjøvi †KvUevwo kvjeb wenv‡i cwi`k©‡b wb‡q ZrKvjxb
†eŠ×mf¨Zv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv|
cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i AbymwÜrmv e„w× cvq| mn‡R mwVK aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkLb A‡c¶vK…Z `xN©¯’vqx
nq| cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z j¶ ivL‡Z n‡e †hb me wk¶v_©x ¯úó †`L‡Z cvq|
11. AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri aib
AbymÜvbg~jK KvR g~jZ Kg©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ| wWDBi mwµqZv Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ cwiPvwjZ G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x©iv
GKKfv‡e ev `jMZfv‡e wb‡R‡`i cÖ‡Póvq wbqgZvwš¿K c×wZ‡Z wkÿv jvf K‡i _v‡K| G c×wZ‡Z wkÿv_x© †Kv‡bv
welq ev NUbv ev mgm¨vi KviY, djvdj, cÖwZwµqv BZ¨vw` D`&NvUb K‡i| bw_cÎ ch©v‡jvPbv, cwi`k©b, ch©‡e¶Y,
mv¶vrKvi MÖnY bvbvfv‡e AbymÜvb KvR cwiPvjbv Kiv hvq|| D`vniY-
 hyemgv‡Ri AvKvk ms¯‹…wZi cÖwZ cÖeYZv e„w×i KviY I djvdj
 wkí A‡j evqy `~l‡Yi KviY I djvdj
 Lv`¨ Drcv`‡b AwZgvÎvq ivmvqwbK KxUbvkK `ªe¨ e¨env‡ii cÖwZwµqv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 16


12. AbymÜvbg~jK c×wZ‡Z wkLb cÖwµqv
cÖ‡Z¨KwU AbymÜv‡bi Rb¨ GKwU welq ev mgm¨v wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| G c×wZ‡Z hveZxq Kvh©µg cÖavbZ cuvPwU ch©v‡q
cwiPvwjZ nq| ch©vq¸‡jv n‡”Q-
K. mgm¨v/D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY
L. cwiKíbv cÖYqb
M. Z_¨ msMÖn
N. Z_¨ we‡kølY
O. cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
me© cÖ_‡g Kvh©µ‡gi mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv ev D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| wØZxq ch©v‡q mgMÖ Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ki‡Z nq| D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e, †KvbwU wKfv‡e, Kx w`‡q, KLb Ki‡Z n‡e-G meB cwiKíbvq _v‡K|
Z_¨ msMÖn AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯Íi| cÖvBgvwi ev †m‡KÛvwi Drm n‡Z Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| PZy_©
ch©v‡q Z_¨ we‡kølY I djvdj cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e| me©‡kl wkÿv_x m¤ú~Y© AbymÜvbg~jK Kv‡Ri Dci GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b
cÖYqb Ki‡e|
13. wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU K_v
wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj A‡bK ai‡bi| Gi K‡qKwU wk¶K‡Kw›`ªK Ges K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK| wkLb-†kLv‡bv
cÖwµqvq wk¶v_©xi mwµq AskMÖnY wk¶vjv‡f mnvqK| me c×wZiB Kg‡ewk myweav I Amyweav Av‡Q| Ggb †Kv‡bv c×wZ
ev †KŠkj †bB †hwU mKj wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ mgfv‡e Dc‡hvMx ev me ai‡bi welqe¯‘i Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| wk¶‡Ki wewfbœ c×wZ
I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv Ges †kªwY I cvV Dc‡hvMx c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci wbf©i K‡i wk¶v_©xi wkLb
mvdj¨| Ggb †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv †bB †h GKwU cvV cwiPvjbvq wk¶K‡K GKwU c×wZi Dci wbf©i Ki‡Z n‡e| cvV‡K
djcÖm~ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K cwiw¯’wZ Abymv‡i GKvwaK c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cv‡Vi mvdj¨ wbf©i K‡i wk¶‡Ki weP¶YZv, welqÁvb I wkLb c×wZi h_vh_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dci| GRb¨ ejv nq wk¶KB
m‡e©vrK…ó c×wZ| wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ eûwea| GLv‡b gvÎ K‡qKwU wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ ms‡¶‡c
Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡jv| Z‡e wk¶‡Ki AwaK msL¨K c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji Dci `¶Zv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡j wZwb †h †¶‡Î †h
c×wZ Dc‡hvMx Zv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b GKvwaK c×wZi mswgkª‡Y wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i cvV cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z
cv‡ib| cvV cwiPvjbvi mgq wk¶K hw` eyS‡Z cv‡ib †h cÖ‡qvMK…Z c×wZ wkÿv_x©‡`i wkL‡b djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv ZLb wZwb
c×wZ cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvB wk¶K‡`i eû c×wZi Dci `¶Zv _vKv Avek¨K|
14. wkÿv_x©i g~j¨vqb
mvaviY A‡_© wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb n‡jv wkÿv Kvh©µg †_‡K wkÿv_©xi AR©‡bi gvÎv wbY©q Kiv| A_©vr wkÿvµ‡g D‡jøwLZ c~e©
wba©vwiZ wkLbdj wkÿv_©x KZUv AR©b K‡i‡Q Zv wbiƒcYB wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb| hw`I g~j¨vqb K_vwUi we¯Í…wZ A‡bK e¨vcK|
Avgiv wewfbœ mg‡q bvbvfv‡e wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| g~j¨vq‡bi mgq I aib we‡ePbvq wkÿv_©xi g~j¨vqb cÖavbZ `yB
avivi: (K) MVbKvjxb ev avivevwnK g~j¨vqb Ges (L) mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| Avgiv cvV PjvKvjxb ev wbw`©ó cvV¨vsk †_‡K
wkÿv_©xi AR©b g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G g~j¨vqb avivevwnK ev MVbKvjxb g~j¨vqb| Avevi Avgiv wbw`©ó mgq †k‡l ev
Kvh©µg †k‡l mvgwqK cixÿv, evwl©K cixÿv, GmGmwm cixÿv BZ¨vw` cixÿvi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i _vwK| G ai‡bi
g~j¨vqb nj mvgwóK g~j¨vqb| avivevwnK I mvgwóK Dfq avivi g~j¨vq‡biB cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Z‡e avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi
¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| KviY-
 avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi wkLb `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i ZvrÿwYK wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi nv‡Z-Kj‡g e¨envwiK KvR Kivi cÖwµqv ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq|
 wkÿv_©xi we‡kl wKQz `ÿZv, †hgb- †kvbv, ejv, cov BZ¨vw` Kg mg‡q, Kg Li‡P I mn‡R cwigvc K‡i av‡c av‡c
wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv I wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v †bIqv hvq| mvgwóK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g A‡bK †ÿ‡Î Gme ˆewk‡ó¨i g~j¨vqb Kiv m¤¢e
nq bv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 17


 wkÿv_©xi Av‡eMxq w`Kmg~n we‡kl K‡i e¨w³K I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~j¨‡eva cÖZ¨ÿ ch©‡eÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g
g~j¨vqb K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq|
 G g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿK Zuvi e¨eüZ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji h_v_©Zv I Kvh©KvwiZv wba©viY K‡i ev
`ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib|
15. avivevwnK g~j¨vqb
avivevwnK g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡g wkÿv_©xi `ye©jZv wPwýZ K‡i wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv hvq Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b wbivgqg~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY
Kiv hvq|
15.1 †kÖwYi KvR
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wkÿv_©x KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z hveZxq KvR †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ| welq‡f‡`
†kÖwYi Kv‡Ri ai‡b ZviZg¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| AwaKvsk †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡kœi DËi ejv ev †jLv, AuvKv (wPÎ/Qwe, mviwY,
gvbwPÎ, †jLwPÎ), Av‡jvPbv I weZ‡K© AskMÖnY, PwiÎ-Awfbq, e¨envwiK KvR-G ai‡bi me wKQzB †kÖwYi KvR|
evsjv I Bs‡iwR wel‡q †kvbv, ejv, cov, †jLv BZ¨vw` †kªwYi KvR wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
15.2 evwoi KvR
wkÿv_x© evwo‡Z wkÿvµgwfwËK †h KvR¸‡jv m¤úbœ K‡i ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkÿv_x© GKKfv‡e m¤úbœ
Ki‡e GUvB cÖZ¨vwkZ| wkÿK wbwðZ n‡eb †h, wkÿv_x© GKvB KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q| evwoi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g wkÿv_x©i
wPšÍb `ÿZv Ges e¨w³K AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| evwoi KvR g~j¨vqb K‡i wkÿK wkÿv_©x‡`i‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`‡eb| wkÿvµ‡gi wkLbd‡ji Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i wkÿK evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
 jÿ ivL‡Z n‡e evwoi KvR †hb wkÿv_x©‡K gyL¯’ Kivq DrmvwnZ bv K‡i| evwoi KvR Ggb n‡Z n‡e †hb
wkÿv_©xi wPšÍb `ÿZv weKvk Ges m„RbkxjZv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K|
 †kÖwYK‡ÿ AwR©Z aviYvmg~n wPšÍv I Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM Kivi my‡hvM †hb evwoi Kv‡R _v‡K| evwoi KvR †hb
wkÿv_x©‡K m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †mw`‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| wkÿvµg g¨vwUª‡· wkLb †kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg Kjv‡g cÖ`Ë evwoi KvR bgybv wnmv‡e AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
 cÖwZwU wel‡qi evwoi KvR¸‡jv Ggb n‡e hv wkÿv_©x 30-35 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ m¤úv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| wkÿK cÖwZ
mvgwq‡K †kÖwY‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K evwoi KvR w`‡eb|
15.3 †kªwY Afxÿv
cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l †kÖwY Afxÿv †bIqv n‡e| †kwY Afxÿv wjwLZ ev e¨envwiK n‡e| cÖwZwU †kÖwY Afxÿv ¯^í mgq
†bIqv n‡e| wel‡qi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ K¬vm wcwiq‡W †bIqv n‡e| wba©vwiZ GK K¬vm wcwiq‡Wi AwZwi³ mgq †bIqv hv‡e
bv| †kÖwY Afxÿvi w`b †kÖwYi Ab¨vb¨ wcwiq‡Wi ¯^vfvweK KvRKg© h_vixwZ Pj‡e|
16 mvgwqK cixÿv I cvewjK cixÿv
RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 Gi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i cÖwZ wkÿve‡l© `yÕwU mvgwq‡K fvM Kiv n‡e| mvgwqK Ges cvewjK
cixÿvi cÖkœcÎ cÖYqb Ges DËicÎ g~j¨vqb m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡i n‡e| wkÿvµ‡g cÖ`Ë
Aa¨vqmg~n‡K `yÕwU mvgwq‡Ki Rb¨ eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| we`¨vj‡qi Kvh©w`e‡mi cwigv‡Yi Dci wfwË K‡i Aa¨vqmg~n‡K
mvgwq‡K eÈb Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g mvgwq‡K g~j¨vqbK…Z Aa¨vqmg~n‡K wØZxq mvgwq‡K g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
bv| mvgwqK †k‡l Aby‡ôq cixÿv wkÿvµ‡g welq Ges c‡Îi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z c~Y© b¤^‡i n‡e| wkÿvµg iƒc‡iLvi
welqKvVv‡gvq wel‡qi c~Y©b¤^i †`Iqv Av‡Q|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœc×wZi cÖkœc‡Î `y&B ai‡bi cÖkœ _vK‡e| GKwU n‡”Q eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges AciwU n‡”Q m„Rbkxj cÖkœ|
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wZb ai‡bi eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ _vK‡e| G¸‡jv n‡”Q mvaviY eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ, eûc`x mgvwßm~PK
eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ Ges Awfbœ Z_¨wfwËK eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœ| eûwbev©Pwb cÖkœc‡Î wPšÍb `ÿZvi Pvi ¯Í‡ii cÖkœ
AvbycvwZKnv‡i _vK‡e| mKj Aa¨vq‡K cixÿvi AvIZvfz³ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖkœcÖÎ cÖYq‡bi c~‡e© wb‡`©kK QK ˆZwi
Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœ GKwU DÏxcK _vK‡e Ges DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ 4wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| cÖkœ 4wU w`‡q wPšÍb
`ÿZvi PviwU ¯Íi (Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM Ges D”PZi `ÿZv) hvPvB Kiv n‡e| Z‡e wnmveweÁvb MwYZ I D”PZi
MwYZ wel‡qi wnmve m„Rbkxj cÖkœc‡Î ïay wPšÍb `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvM ¯Ív‡ii 3wU cÖkœ _vK‡e| 1wU mnR gv‡bi, 1wU
ga¨gv‡bi I GKwU A‡cÿv KwVb gv‡bi cÖkœ b¤^i cÖ`vb wb‡`©wkKv AbymiY K‡i DËicÎ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 18


wkÿvµg Dbœq‡b mswkøó KwgwU
1. RvZxq wkÿvµg mgš^q KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bv‡mi †PŠayix mfvcwZ
mwPe, wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
2. DcvPvh©, RvZxq wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi| m`m¨
3. W. KvRx LjxKz¾vgvb Avng` m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k Dbœqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ mwgwZ|
4. hyM¥-mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkÿv e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
7. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv Awa`ßi, AvMviMuvI, XvKv| m`m¨
8. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
9. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb m`m¨
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
10. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wkÿv‡evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
13. m`m¨ (wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
14. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj m`m¨
wefvMxq cÖavb, Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
15. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨vcK I cwiPvjK, wkÿv I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
16. Aa¨vcK W. †gvt AvLZviæ¾vgvb m`m¨
Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm I ms¯‹w… Z wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
17. Aa¨vcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi m`m¨
Bs‡iwR wefvM Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
18. m`m¨ (cÖv_wgK wkÿvµg), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (cvV¨cy¯ÍK), RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, wkÿv feb, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Dc mwPe (gva¨wgK), wkÿv gš¿Yvjq, evsjv‡`k mwPevjq, XvKv| m`m¨

2. cÖ‡dkbvj KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt †gv¯Ídv KvgvjDwÏb mfvcwZ
†Pqvig¨vb, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. gnvcwiPvjK, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv| m`m¨
3. gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wk¶v e¨e¯’vcbv GKv‡Wgx, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
4. cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq,XvKv| m`m¨
5. gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv| m`m¨
6. gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, XvKv| m`m¨
7. Rbve gbRyiæj Avnmvb eyjeyj m`m¨
cÖavb m¤úv`K, ˆekvLx †Uwjwfwkb wjwg‡UW, XvKv|
8. cÖKí cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”P wk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv| m`m¨
9. †Pqvig¨vb, gva¨wgK I D”Pgva¨wgK wk¶v‡evW©, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv‡`k AvšÍt †evW© mgš^q mve KwgwU| m`m¨
10. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k gv`&ivmv wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
11. †Pqvig¨vb, evsjv‡`k KvwiMwi wk¶v †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
12. Aa¨vcK Avãyjøvn Avey mvqx` m`m¨
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 19


13. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
civgk©K, GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|
14. Aa¨vcK Kwdj DÏxb Avn‡g` m`m¨
civgk©K, cÖv_wgK wk¶vµg DBs, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
15. cÖ‡dmi gynv¤§` Avjx m`m¨
cÖv³b m`m¨, wk¶vµg, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
(evmv-ÔmßKÕ-†gwfm 8g Zjv (cwðg), 6/9, eøK-wm, jvjgvwUqv, XvKv-1207|
16. Wxb, PviyKjv Abyl`, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv| m`m¨
17. cÖ‡dmi mvjgv AvLZvi m`m¨
AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
18. Aa¨¶, wk¶K cÖwk¶Y K‡jR, XvKv| m`m¨
19. m`m¨ (wk¶vµg), RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv| m`m¨
20. cÖavb wk¶K, Meb©‡g›U j¨ve‡iUwi nvB ¯‹zj, avbgwÛ, XvKv| m`m¨
21. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` f~uBqv m`m¨-mwPe
weZiY wbqš¿K, RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

3. †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. cÖ‡dmi †gvt Ave`yyj ReŸvi AvnevqK
cÖv³b cwiPvjK, bv‡qg, XvKv|
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, †m±i bs-4, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
2. Aa¨vcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd m`m¨
mycvi wbDgvwi Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
3. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb m`m¨
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
4. Aa¨vcK W. †Mvjvg imyj wgqv m`m¨
cÖv³b Aa¨¶, wUPvm© †Uªwbs K‡jR, XvKv|
(evmv bs-47, †ivW bs-02, †m±i-09, DËiv g‡Wj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
5. W. †gvt wQwÏKzi ingvb m`m¨
civgk©K
GmBGmwWwc, gva¨wgK I D”Pwk¶v Awa`ßi, wk¶v feb, XvKv|
6. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt bvRgyj Kwig †PŠayix m`m¨
e¨e¯’vcbv wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. W. Avãyj gv‡jK m`m¨
Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
8. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb m`m¨
wk¶vµg we‡klÁ
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
9. Rbve kvnxbviv †eMg m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
10. Rbve †gvt †gvL‡jm Di ingvb m`m¨
we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
11. Rbve †gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg m`m¨-mwPe
EaŸ©Zb we‡klÁ, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 20


4. †fwUs KwgwU
µwgK bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1. evsjv 1. Aa¨vcK Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K›`ª, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi b~iRvnvb †eMg
Aa¨¶, miKvwi weÁvb K‡jR, XvKv|
2. Bs‡iwR 1. cÖ‡dmi Ave`ym myenvb
cÖv³b gnvcwiPvjK, cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv|
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, †ivW bs-6/G, avbgwÛ AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv)
2. cÖ‡dmi †gvt kvgmyj nK
cÖv³b Wxb, evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi (evmv bs-25, G¨vcvU©‡g›U-we-5, †ivW bs
68G, ¸jkvb-2, XvKv-1212)
3. MwYZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãyj gwZb
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt Avãym Qvgv`
MwYZ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
4. weÁvb 1. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt AvwRRyi ingvb
c`v_©weÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvnv¤§` b~‡i Avjg wmwÏKx
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
5. evsjv‡`k I wek¦cwiPq 1. cÖ‡dmi W. nviæb Di iwk`
ivóªweÁvb wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. W. ˆmq` nvwdRyi ingvb
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM
Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
6. Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§` Rvdi BKevj
Kw¤úDUvi mv‡qÝ GÛ BwÄwbqvwis wefvM
kvn&Rvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq, wm‡jU|
2. Rbve †gvt mwdDj Avjg Lvb
mnKvix Aa¨vcK, Z_¨ cÖhyw³ BÝwUwUDU, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
7. cwi‡ek cwiwPwZ 1. cÖ‡dmi W. G Gm Gg gvKmy` Kvgvj
f~ZË¡ wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2. cÖ‡dmi W. †gvt LexiDÏxb
cwi‡ek weÁvb wefvM, Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 21


5. wkÿvµg Dbœqb KwgwU
µg bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we
1 cÖ‡dmi W. Avwgbyj Bmjvg AvnevqK
msL¨vwZwi³ Aa¨vcK, `k©b wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2 cÖ‡dmi †gv. b~iæ¾vgvb m`m¨
`k©b wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
2 Rbve Aveyj Lv‡qi †gv. BDbym m`m¨
mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, `k©b wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|
3 Rbve Drcjv ivYx †fŠwgK m`m¨
cÖfvlK, `k©b wefvM, †eMg e`iæ‡bœQv miKvix gwnjv K‡jR, eKkx evRvi, XvKv|
4 Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` f~uBqv m`m¨
weZiY wbqš¿K, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
5 Rbve †gv. wMqvm DwÏb mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ, GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe,XvKv|

6. mvwe©K mgš^q KwgwU

µg bvg I c`we KwgwU‡Z c`we


1. Rbve †gvnv¤§` RvwKi †nv‡mb mvwe©K mgš^qKvix
KvwiKzjvg we‡klÁ I GmBGmwWwc †dvKvj c‡q›U
KvwiKzjvg †W‡fjc‡g›U BDwbU
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|
2. Rbve †gvkZvK Avn‡g` fu~Bqv mvwe©K mgš^qKvix
weZiY wbqš¿K
RvZxq wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯ÍK †evW©, XvKv|

RvZxq wkÿvµg 2012 c„ôv 22


wkÿvµg
hyw³we`¨v
1. f~wgKv
gvbyl AbymwÜrmy, m„Rbkxj Ges D™¢vebx ¶gZvi AwaKvix| †m Zvi bvbvgyLx Kg©Kv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡q Gme
¸Y‡K weÁvbwfwËK K‡i P‡j‡Q| d‡j m„wó n‡q‡Q Áv‡bi bvbv †¶Î| Áv‡bi Gme †¶‡Îi g‡a¨ hyw³we`¨v
Ab¨Zg| hyw³we`¨vi j¶¨ mZ¨vbymÜvb Avi GB mZ¨‡K Rvb‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb hyw³i mywbw`©ó wbqgvewj hv
my¯úó m‡Z¨ DcbxZ n‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| hyw³we`¨vi wbqgvewj Avgv‡`i we‡kølYg~jK, wPšÍvDÏxcK I
m„Rbkxj n‡Z mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| d‡j wPšÍvaviv nq RxebgyLx I ev¯ÍewfwËK| hyw³we`¨vi ZË¡ I
m~Î ZvB mKj †eŠw×KPP©vi g~jwfwË| GB g~jwfwË wek¦vq‡bi Pvwn`v cwic~iYI `ÿ gvbem¤ú` m„wói Rb¨
Acwinvh©| G j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ eyw×e„wËK Dbœqb, `„wófw½i m¤cÖmviY, mywPwšÍZ,mycwiKwíZ c‡_
eyw×e„wËi weKvkmvab AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| ZvB hyw³we`¨vi Kjv‡KŠkj AvqË Kiv GKvšÍ Avek¨K|GK_v g‡b
†i‡LB we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡kI GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwY‡Z hyw³we`¨v cv‡Vi Dci ¸iæZ¡
Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q |

¯^vaxbZv c~e©Kvj †_‡K kyiæ K‡i ¯^vaxb mve©‡fŠg evsjv‡`‡k hyw³we`¨vi wkÿvµ‡g avivevwnKZvi wKQz
Afve wQj| GgZve¯’vq eZ©gvb wk¶vµ‡g avivevwnKfv‡e mvwR‡q hyw³we`¨vi g~jj‡¶¨ A_©vr
mZ¨vbymÜv‡biRb¨ GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvwM wk¶vµg cÖYq‡bi Kvh©µg MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q|G ch©šÍ P‡j Avmv
Ae‡ivn-Av‡ivn hyw³we`¨vi wk¶vµg‡K ¯^Zš¿fv‡e Av‡jvPbv bv K‡i hyw³i g~j wbqg¸‡jv‡K
avivevwnKfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov hyw³we`¨v ïay ZvwË¡K I ev¯ÍeZv weewR©Z bq,
eis ev¯ÍeRxe‡bI Gi cÖvmw½KZv I cÖv‡qvwMK g~j¨ i‡q‡Q| G wk¶vµg RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ 2010- G
DwjøwLZ e¨w³, mgvR I iv‡óªi cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`v cwic~i‡Y, RvZxq iƒcKí ev¯Íevq‡b Ges m‡e©vcwi
wek¦vq‡bi Pvwn`v cwic~i‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡e| Gi cvkvcvwk G wkÿvµg GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi
wk¶v_©x‡`i eyw× I gb‡bi weKvk, myôwz PšÍv, gvbweK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ `¶ Rbkw³ Ges GKwesk kZvãxi
P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq †hvM¨ gvbem¤ú` wn‡m‡e M‡o Zzj‡e| G bZzb wk¶vµg Abyhvqx hyw³we`¨v cv‡Vi
d‡j wk¶v_©xi D”Pwk¶vi Øvi †hgb Db¥y³ n‡e †Zgwb Zvi fwel¨r Kg©gq Rxe‡bi c_I myMg n‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 24


2. D‡Ïk¨

1. hyw³we`¨vi cÖK…wZ, cwimi Ges ¸iyZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv|


2. Abygvbg~jK wPšÍvi ï×Zv wbiycY Ges åvwšÍ wbim‡bi wbqgvewj Rvbv|
3. wPšÍb cÖwµqvq e¨vcKZvi ZviZg¨ I wm×v‡šÍi wfbœZvi ˆeÁvwbK I AvKviMZ wfwËi Ávbjvf Kiv|
4. hyw³i cÖK…wZ I aib Ges A‰ea hyw³ †_‡K ˆea hyw³i cv_©K¨ wbY©‡qi Kjv‡KŠkj AvqË Kiv|
5. hyw³i Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e c` I ev‡K¨i my¯úó A_© Rvbv Ges fvlv I Zvi e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Ávbjvf Kiv|
6. Kvh©KviY m¤úK© wbY©q I cÖgv‡Yi c×wZ wkÿvi gva¨‡g RxebNwbô wewfbœ mgm¨vi AbymÜvb I mgvav‡b
ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|
7. Abygv‡bi ¸iæZ¡ wbi~c‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤¢vebv wbY©‡qi wbqg-c×wZ Rvbv|
8. cÖZxK e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g wPšÍv I hyw³‡K mn‡R cÖKvk Kiv Ges hyw³i ˆeaZv, A‰eaZvI mZ¨gvb wbY©‡qi
Kjv‡KŠkj AvqË Kiv|
9. hyw³we`¨vi mv‡_ Áv‡bi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi m¤úK© I cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© Ávbjv‡fi gva¨‡g ev¯Íe Rxe‡b Zv
cÖ‡qv‡M AvMÖnx nIqv|
10.eywׇK kvwYZ Kiv, Av‡eM‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv Ges cigZmwnòz I BwZevPK `„wófw½m¤úbœ nIqv|
11. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK Rxebmn Rxe‡bi mKj ch©v‡q hyw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
wePvikxj I gvbweK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o IVv|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 1


3. Aa¨vq web¨vm I mgq e›Ub :
hyw³we`¨v-cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv bš^i wcwiqW msL¨v
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : hyw³we`¨v cwiwPwZ 10
wØZxq Aa¨vq : hyw³we`¨vi cÖv‡qvwMK w`K 10
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : hyw³i Dcv`vb 22
PZy_© Aa¨vq : we‡aqK 12
cÂg Aa¨vq : Abygvb 8
lô Aa¨vq : Ae‡ivn Abygvb 34
mßg Aa¨vq : Av‡ivn Abygvb I Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi wfwË 28
Aóg Aa¨vq : cÖZxKx hyw³we`¨v 16

hyw³we`¨v-wØZxq
Aa¨vq Aa¨v‡qi wk‡ivbvg c„ôv bš^i wcwiqW msL¨v

cÖ_g Aa¨vq : †hŠw³K msÁv 15


wØZxq Aa¨vq : †hŠw³K wefvM 15
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : Av‡iv‡ni cÖKvi‡f` 25
PZy_© Aa¨vq : cÖKí 15
cÂg Aa¨vq : Kvh©KviY m¤úK© cÖgvY c×wZ 25
lô Aa¨vq : e¨vL¨v 10
mßg Aa¨vq : †kÖwYKiY 10

Aóg Aa¨vq : m¤¢vebv 25

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 2


b¤^i e›Ub:
(cÖwZ c‡Î †gvU b¤^i 100: m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 60b¤^i, eûwbe©vPwb cÖkœ 40 b¤^i)

 m„Rbkxj Ask : 60 b¤^i


(9wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ _vK‡e 6wU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e, 6 x 10=60 b¤^i)

 en~wbe©vPwb cÖkœ: 40 b¤^i


(40wU en~wbe©vPbx cÖkœ _vK‡e, 40x1=40 b¤^i)

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 3


4. cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi we‡kl ˆew©kó¨
1995-96 mv‡j cÖYxZ I cÖewZ©Z GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi wkÿvµ‡gi AvIZvq hyw³we`¨v wel‡qi Zzjbvq 2012
mv‡j cÖYxZ hyw³we`¨v wel‡qi wkÿvµ‡gi bZzbZ¡ ev e¨wZµg¸‡jv (departures) wb¤œiƒc:
 RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010 G Avgv‡`i bZzb cÖRb¥‡K ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva, RvZxq HwZn¨ I
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq DØy× K‡i Ávb I cÖhyw³‡Z `ÿ Ges hyw³‡evam¤úbœ gvbem¤ú`
m„wói cÖwZ ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| wkÿvbxwZi G Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK hyw³we`¨vi eZ©gvb
wkÿvµg cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 B‡Zvc~‡e© Ae‡ivn hyw³we`¨v‡K cÖ_g cÎ Ges Av‡ivn hyw³we`¨v‡K wØZxq cÎ wn‡m‡e
cvV`vb Kiv n‡Zv| eZ©gvb wk¶vµ‡g welqe¯‘i avivevwnKZv i¶vi ¯^v‡_© Ae‡ivn
hyw³we`¨v I Av‡ivn hyw³we`¨vi mgš^‡q welqwU‡K h_vµ‡g hyw³we`¨v cÖ_g cÎ I
hyw³we`¨v wØZxq cÎ wn‡m‡e web¨¯Í Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 hyw³we`¨vi µgweKv‡ki BwZnvm mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 weÁvb-cÖhyw³i AfvweZ DbœwZi eZ©gvb cwi‡e‡k MwYZ I Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| AvaywbK hyw³we`¨vi wewfbœ ZË¡ MwYZ I Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡bi wfwË
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| eZ©gvb wkÿvµ‡g hyw³we`¨vi mv‡_ MwYZ I Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡bi
AbyeÜ (correlation) wel‡q cvV`vb AšÍfy©³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010-Gi g~jjÿ¨ n‡”Q wkÿv_©xi eyw× I gb‡bi weKvkmvab Ges
wkÿv_©x‡K gvbweK g~j¨‡evam¤úbœ, bxwZevb Ges GKwesk kZvãxi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq
†hvM¨ gvbem¤ú` wn‡m‡e M‡o †Zvjv| G jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L hyw³we`¨vi eZ©gvb
wkÿvµ‡g `k©b, bxwZwe`¨v we‡klZ e¨emvq I †ckvMZ bxwZwe`¨v, b›`bZË¡ I wkÿvi
m‡½ hyw³we`¨vi AbyeÜ AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKB m‡½ hyw³we`¨vq wkÿv_©x hv wkL‡e
Zv †hb †m ev¯ÍeRxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mÿg nq, G j‡ÿ¨ Ôhyw³we`¨vi cÖv‡qvwMK w`KÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU bZzb Aa¨vq AšÍf³
©y Kiv n‡q‡Q|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 4


5. wkÿvµg QK
hyw³we`¨v
cÖ_g cÎ

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 5


cÖ_g Aa¨vq: hyw³we`¨v cwiwPwZ wcwiqW-10
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. hyw³we`¨vi DrcwË I weKv‡ki BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨vi DrcwË I µgweKvk

2. hyw³we`¨vi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨vi aviYv


3. wewfbœ hyw³we‡`i cÖ`Ë aviYvi we‡kølY I Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wewfbœ hyw³we‡`i cÖ`Ë aviYv
o Gwi‡÷vUj
o †RGm wgj
o †hv‡md
o AvB Gg Kwc
4. hyw³we`¨vi ¯^iƒc I ˆewkó¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨vi ¯^iƒc
5. hyw³we`¨v Av`k©wbô bv e¯‘wbô weÁvb Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
6. hyw³we`¨vi cwimi eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨vi cwimi

wØZxq Aa¨vq: hyw³we`¨vi cÖv‡qvwMK w`K wcwiqW-10


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. hyw³we`¨v I `k©‡bi AbyeÜ (correlation) I cÖ‡qvM e¨vL¨v  hyw³we`¨v I `k©b
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. hyw³we`¨v I bxwZwe`¨vi AbyeÜ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨v I bxwZwe`¨v: e¨emvq I †ckvMZ
3. bxwZwe`¨v: e¨emvq bxwZwe`¨v I †ckvMZ bxwZwe`¨vq hyw³we`¨vi
cÖ‡qvM we‡kølb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨v I b›`bZË¡
4. hyw³we`¨v I b›`bZ‡Ë¡i AbyeÜ Zyjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. b›`bZ‡Ë¡ hyw³we`¨vi cÖ‡qvM we‡kølb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨v I MwYZ
6. hyw³we`¨v I MwY‡Zi AbyeÜ Zyjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. MwY‡Z hyw³we`¨vi cÖ‡qvM we‡kølbcvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨v I Kw¤úDUvi weÁvb
8. hyw³we`¨v I Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡bi AbyeÜ Zyjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
9. Kw¤úDUvi weÁv‡b hyw³we`¨vi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
10. hyw³we`¨v I wkÿvi AbyeÜ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³we`¨v I wkÿv
11. ev¯Íe Rxe‡b hyw³we`¨vi cÖ‡qv‡Mi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ev¯Íe Rxe‡b hyw³we`¨vi cÖ‡qvM
12. e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b
hyw³i cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 6


Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: hyw³i Dcv`vb wcwiqW- 22
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. hyw³i Dcv`vbmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c` I evK¨
2. c‡`i A_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c` I kã
3. c` I k‡ãi cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  k‡ãi †kÖwYwefvM
4. k‡ãi †kÖwYwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. c‡`i e¨³v_© I RvZ¨_© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  e¨³v_© I RvZ¨_©
6. c‡`i e¨³v_© I RvZ¨‡_©i Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. wewfbœ cÖKvi c‡`i eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡e  c‡`i cÖKvi‡f`
8. hyw³ev‡K¨i aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  evK¨ I hyw³evK¨, AeaviY I hyw³ evK¨
9. hyw³ev‡K¨i MVb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³ev‡K¨i MVb
10. mvaviY evK¨ I hyw³ev‡K¨i cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
11. AeaviY I hyw³ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
12. ev‡K¨i †kÖwYwefvM eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ev‡K¨i †kªwYwefvM
13. hyw³ev‡K¨i iƒcvšÍi cÖwµqv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  evK¨‡K hyw³ev‡K¨ iƒcvšÍi
14. c‡`i e¨vwßi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c‡`i e¨vwß
15. c‡`i e¨vwßi wbqg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c‡`i e¨vwßi wbqg
16. A; E, I Ges O ev‡K¨ c‡`i e¨vwß e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 7


PZz_© Aa¨vq: we‡aqK wcwiqW-12
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. we‡aq‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  we‡aqK: cÖK…wZ
2. `we‡aq I we‡aq‡Ki g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  we‡aq I we‡aqK
3. wewfbœ cÖKvi we‡aq‡Ki eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖKvi‡f`

4. wewfbœ cÖKvi we‡aq‡Ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki‡Z  ciwdwii QK


cvi‡e|

5. Q‡Ki gva¨‡g RvwZ-DcRvwZi ga¨Kvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©


†`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
6. wewfbœ cÖKvi we‡aq‡Ki QK ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. ciwdwii QK AsKb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

cÂg Aa¨vq: Abygvb wcwiqW-12


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Abygv‡bi aviYv I cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Abygvb : msÁv I cÖK…wZ
2. Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
3. Ae‡ivn Abygv‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Ae‡ivn Abygvb
4. Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Av‡ivn Abygvb
5. Ae‡ivn I Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
6. cÖ`Ë hyw³ †_‡K Ae‡ivn I Av‡ivn Abygvb c„_K  Ae‡ivn I Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi D`vniY
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 8


lô Aa¨vq: Ae‡ivn Abygvb wcwiqW-34
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Ae‡ivn Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Ae‡ivn Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
2. Agva¨g Abygv‡bi cÖK…wZ I aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z  Agva¨g Abygvb
cvi‡e|  AveZ©b
3. AveZ©‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 AveZ©‡bi wbqgvewj
4. AveZ©‡bi wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. AveZ©‡bi cÖKvi‡f` e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AveZ©‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
 A, E, I, Ges o hyw³ev‡K¨i AveZ©b
6. A, E, I, Ges o hyw³ev‡K¨i AveZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 mij AveZ©b
7. Aev‡K¨i A‰ea mij AveZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. cÖwZeZ©‡bi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖwZeZ©b
9. cÖwZeZ©‡bi wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖwZeZ©‡bi wbqgvewj
10. A, E, I, Ges o hyw³ev‡K¨i cÖwZeZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  A, E, I, Ges ohyw³ev‡K¨i cÖwZeZ©b
11. AvewZ©Z cÖwZeZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvewZ©Z cÖwZeZ©b
12. AvewZ©Z cÖwZeZ©‡bi wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvewZ©Z cÖwZeZ©‡bi wbqgvewj
13. A, E, I, Ges o hyw³ev‡K¨iAvewZ©Z cÖwZeZ©b Ki‡Z  A, E, I, Ges hyw³ev‡K¨i cÖwZAveZ©b
cvi‡e|  gva¨g Abygvb
14. gva¨g Abygv‡bi aviYv I cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mnvbygvb
15. gva¨g I Agva¨g Abygv‡bi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z  mnvbygv‡bi ˆewkó¨
cvi‡e|  mnvbygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
16. mnvbygv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e  mnvbygv‡bi MVb
17. mnvbygv‡bi ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 mnvbygv‡bi wbqgvewj
18. mnvbygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
19. mnvbygv‡bi MVb I ga¨c‡`i f‚wgKv we‡kølY Ki‡Z ev  Gwi÷U‡ji mnvbygv‡bi m~Î
eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ms¯’vb (figure)
20. mnvbygv‡bi wbqgvewj Ges wbqg jsNbRwbZ AbyccwË  mnvbygv‡bi (mood) iƒc
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ˆea iƒcmg~n
21. Gwi÷U‡ji m~Î we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygvb
22. wewfbœ cÖKvi ms¯’vb (figure)e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
23. mnvbygv‡bi iƒ‡ci (mood) aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z  cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqgvewj
cvi‡e|
24. wewfbœ ms¯’v‡bi ˆea iƒcmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ˆeKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygvb
25. cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi aviYv I cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ˆeKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqgvewj
26. cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqg I wbqg j•NbRwbZ
AbyccwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wØKí Abygvb
27. ˆeKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi cÖK…wZ I aviYv e¨vL¨v  wØKí Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
28. ˆeKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqgvewj eY©bvKi‡Z
cvi‡e|
29. ˆeKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqg j•NbRwbZ
AbyccwË g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
30. wØKí Abygv‡bi aviYv I cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
31. wØKí Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 9


lô Aa¨vq: Ae‡ivn Abygvb 2

1. Aev‡K¨i A‰ea mij AveZ©bRwbZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z


cvi‡e|
2. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ ms¯’v‡b ga¨c‡`i Ae¯’vb wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
3. PZz®ú`x AbyccwËi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
4. A A A hyw³i ga¨c`RwbZ AbyccwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. EEE hyw³i cÖavbc`RwbZ AbyccwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
6. EAE hyw³i AcÖavbc`RwbZ AbyccwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7 cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi wbqg cÖ‡qvM K‡i hyw³i
h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8 AAA, AII, EAE, EIO iƒc¸‡jvi cÖZxKx I ev¯Íe
hyw³‡Z cª‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
9 EAE, AEE, EIO, AOO iƒc¸‡jvi cÖZxKx I ev¯Íe
hyw³‡Z cª‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
10 cÖvKwíK wbi‡cÿ mnvbygv‡bi `ywU wbqg cÖ‡qvM K‡i hyw³i
h_v_©Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

mßg Aa¨vq: Av‡ivn Abygvb I Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi wfwË wcwiqW-28


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Av‡ivn Abygvb:
2. Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| -msÁv
3. Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi ¯Íimg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| -ˆewkó¨
4. Av‡ivn Abygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| -¯Íi
5. Av‡iv‡ni wfwË I Zvi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| -cÖKvi‡f`
6. Av‡iv‡ni AvKviMZ wfwË wn‡m‡e cÖK…wZi wbqgvbyewZ©Zv  Av‡iv‡ni wfwË I cÖKvi‡f`
bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvKviMZwfwË : cÖK…wZi wbqgvbyewZ©Zv bxwZ
7. Av‡iv‡ni K~Uvfvm e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
 Av‡iv‡ni K~Uvfvm
8. Kvh©KviY bxwZi A_© I cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
9. KviY I k‡Z©i m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvKviMZwfwË : Kvh©KviY bxwZ
10. Avewk¨K kZ© wn‡m‡e KviY I ch©vß kZ© wn‡m‡e KviY  KviY I kZ©
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
11. Kvi‡Yi ¸YMZ I cwigvYMZ ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
12. eû KviYev` e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Kvi‡Yi ˆewkó¨
13. eûKviY mgš^q we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  eûKviYev`
14. Kvh©mswgkÖY we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  eûKviY mgš^q
15. Av‡iv‡ni e¯‘MZ wfwË wn‡m‡e wbixÿ‡Yi A_© I ˆewkó¨  Kvh©-mswgkÖY
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  e¯‘MZ wfwË: wbixÿ‡Yi cÖK…wZ I ˆewkó¨
16. wbixÿYRwbZ AbyccwË we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
17. Av‡iv‡ni e¯‘MZ wfwË wn‡m‡e cixÿ‡Yi A_© I ˆewkó¨
 wbixÿYRwbZ AbyccwË
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
18. wbixÿY I cixÿ‡Yi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  e¯‘MZ wfwË : cixÿ‡Yi cÖK…wZ I ˆewkó¨
19. wbixÿY I cixÿ‡Yi myweav-Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  wbixÿY I cixÿ‡Yi myweav I Amyweav
20.KvKZvjxq AbyccwËi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
21.e¨w³MZ åvšÍ wbixÿY I mve©Rbxb åvšÍ wbixÿY wbY©q Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
22.AwbixÿYRwbZ AbyccwËi cÖ‡qvM †`Lv‡Z cvi‡e|
23.cÖ`Ë NUbvq †Kvb ai‡bi AbyccwË N‡U‡Q Zv wbY©q I
mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 10


Aóg Aa¨vq: cÖZxKx hyw³we`¨v wcwiqW-16
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖZx‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖZxK: msÁv
2. cÖZxK I ms‡K‡Zi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖZxK I ms‡KZ
3. cÖZx‡Ki Dc‡hvwMZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖZx‡Ki Dc‡hvwMZv
4. mv‡eKx I cÖZxKx hyw³we`¨vi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mv‡eKx I cÖZxKx hyw³we`¨v
5. mZ¨Zv I ˆeaZvi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mZ¨Zv I ˆeaZv
6. mij I †hŠwMK evK¨ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mij I †hŠwMK evK¨
7. †hŠwMK ev‡K¨i cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠwMK ev‡K¨i cÖKvi‡f`
8. cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ evK¨ we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ms‡hŠwMK, cÖvKwíK, ˆeKwíK I mggvwbK evK¨,
wb‡laK evK¨
9. mZ¨ mviwYi aviYv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mZ¨ mviwY
10. mZ¨ mviwYi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi ev‡K¨i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

11.evK¨¸‡jv mZ¨ n‡q hyw³ A‰ea n‡Z cv‡i Avevi evK¨¸‡jv


wg_¨v n‡qI hyw³ ˆea n‡Z cv‡iÕ G mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
12.ب_©K, `y‡e©va¨ I A¯úó kãhy³ evK¨‡K cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨
†`Lv‡Z cvi‡e
13.mZ¨ mviYx e¨envi K‡i wewfbœ †hŠwMK ev‡K¨i mZ¨gvb wbY©q
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 11


6. wkÿvµg QK
hyw³we`¨v
wØZxq cÎ

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 12


cÖ_g Aa¨vq: †hŠw³K msÁv wcwiqW-15
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. †hŠw³K msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. †hŠw³K msÁvi cÖvmw½KZv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠw³K msÁvi cÖvmw½KZv I cÖK…wZ
3. msÁvi wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  msÁv I eY©bv
4. msÁv I eY©bvi cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  msÁvi wbqgvewj
5. msÁvi wbqg j•NbRwbZ AbyccwËmg~n g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z  msÁvi wbqg j•NbRwbZ AbyccwË
cvi‡e|
6. msÁvi mxgve×Zvmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  msÁvi mxgve×Zv
7. h_v_© msÁv cÖ`v‡b mÿg n‡e|
8.msÁviAbyccwËRwbZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡e

wØZxq Aa¨vq: †hŠw³K wefvM wcwiqW-15


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi cÖvmw½KZv I cÖK…wZ
2. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi cÖvmw½KZv I cÖK…wZ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e| [
3. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqgvewj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqgvewj
4. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqg j•NbRwbZ AbyccwËmg~n  †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqg j•NbRwbZ AbyccwË
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. w؇KvwUK wefvM e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  w؇KvwUK wefvM

6. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi mxgve×Zvmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi mxgve×Zv


7. †hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqg j•NbRwbZ AbyccwË g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. 8.†hŠw³K wefv‡Mi wbqgvewj e¨envi K‡i
AbyccwËRwbZ mgm¨vi mgvavb †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡e

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 13


Z…Zxq Aa¨vq: Av‡iv‡ni cÖKvi‡f` wcwiqW-25
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖK…Z Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖK…Z Av‡ivn
2. cÖK…Z Av‡iv‡ni cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖK…Z Av‡iv‡ni cÖKvi‡f`
3. ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni msÁv I D`vniY
4. ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni ˆewkó¨
5. A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni msÁv I D`vniY
6. A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni ˆewkó¨
7. ‰eÁvwbK Av‡ivn I A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni m¤úK©  ‰eÁvwbK I A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I ˆemv`„k¨
g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi msÁv I D`vniY
9. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi ˆewkó¨
10. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi ¸iæZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi g~j¨ I ¸iæZ¡
11. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mvay I Amvay mv`„k¨vbygvb
12. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi mv‡_ ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni Zzjbv Ki‡Z  mv`„k¨vbygvb I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I ˆemv`„k¨
cvi‡e|
13. mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi mv‡_ A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni Zzjbv  mv`„k¨vbygvb I A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I
Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ˆemv`„k¨
14. AcÖK…Z Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AcÖK…Z Av‡ivn
15. c~Y©v½ Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c~Y©v½ Av‡ivn
16. c~Y©v½ Av‡ivn I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni Zzjbv Ki‡Z  c~Y©v½ Av‡ivn I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I
cvi‡e| ˆemv`„k¨
17. c~Y©v½ Av‡iv‡ni h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c~Y©v½ Av‡ivn wK h_©v_ Av‡ivn?
18. c~Y©v½ Av‡iv‡ni g~j¨ I ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  c~Yv©½ Av‡iv‡ni g~j¨ I ¸iæZ¡
19. hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡iv‡ni aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡ivn
20. hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡ivn I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni  hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡ivn I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ˆemv`„k¨
21. hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡iv‡ni h_v_©Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z  hyw³mvg¨g~jK Av‡ivn wK cÖK…wZ Av‡ivn?
cvi‡e|
22. NUbv ms‡hvRb aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  NUbv ms‡hvRb
23. NUbv ms‡hvRb I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni Zzjbvg~jK  NUbv ms‡hvRb I ˆeÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni mv`„k¨ I
we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| ˆemv`„k¨
24. NUbv ms‡hvRb cÖK…Z Av‡ivn wK bv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

25.A‰eÁvwbK Av‡iv‡ni A‰ea mvwe©KxKiY wPwýZ Ki‡Z


cvi‡e|
26.fMœvsk m~Î cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g mv`„k¨ Abygv‡bi m¤¢vebvi
gvÎv wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
27.mv`„k¨vbygv‡bi åvwšÍi wbimb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 14


PZz_© Aa¨vq: cÖKí(Hypothesis) wcwiqW-15
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. cÖK‡íi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖK‡íi cÖvmw½KZv I cÖK…wZ
2. cÖK‡íi ¯Íimg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z|  cÖK‡íi ¯Íi
 ˆea cÖK‡íi kZ©vejx
3. ˆea cÖK‡íi kZ© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
4. cÖKí cÖgv‡Yi Dcvqmg~n we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖK‡íi cÖgvY
5. Av‡ivn Abygvb cÖwµqvq cÖK‡íi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z  cÖK‡íi ¸iæZ¡
cvi‡e|
6. cÖKí mswkøó aviYvmg~n (cixÿvg~jK mg_©b, ev¯Íe  cÖKí mswkøó aviYvmg~n : cixÿvg~jK mg_©b, ev¯Íe
KviY, cÖwZ‡e`K AbyKí, msKU DËiK `„óvšÍ, msKU KviY, cÖwZ‡e`K AbyKí, KvR Pvjv‡bv cÖKí,
DËiK cixÿY, eY©bvg~jK cÖKí, KvR Pvjv‡bv cÖKí, Av‡ivn mgš^q
Av‡ivn mgš^q) we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
7. e¨envwiK I cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b cÖK‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv  cÖK‡íi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

8.cÖK‡íi cixÿYg~jK cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e


9 msKU DËiK `„óv‡šÍi mvnv‡h¨ cÖK‡íi cÖgvY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

cÂg Aa¨vq: Kvh©KviY m¤úK© cÖgvY c×wZ wcwiqW-25


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Kvh©KviY bxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Kvh©KviY bxwZ
2. cixÿYg~jK c×wZ I Acbq‡bi m~Î e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cixÿYg~jK c×wZ I Acbq‡bi m~Î
3. Aš^qx c×wZi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Aš^qx c×wZ: cÖK…wZ I myweav-Amyweav
4. Aš^qx c×wZi myweav-Amyweavmg~n eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
5. Aš^qx c×wZi AbyccwË g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  Aš^qx c×wZi AbyccwË

6. e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|


 e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZ: cÖK…wZ Imyweav -Amyweav
7. e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi myweav-Amyweav e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
8. e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi AbyccwË g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi AbyccwË
9. †hŠ_ Aš^qx e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †hŠ_ Aš^qx-e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZ: e¨vL¨v I myweav-
10. †hŠ_ Aš^qx e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZ myweav-Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z Amyweav
cvi‡e
 †hŠ_ Aš^qx e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi AbyccwË
11. †hŠ_ Aš^qx e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZi AbyccwËg~j¨vqb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|  mn cwieZ©b c×wZ: cÖK…wZ I myweav-Amyweav
12. mncwieZ©b c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
13. mncwieZ©b c×wZi myweav-Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mncwieZ©b c×wZi AbyccwË
14. mncwieZ©b c×wZi AbyccwË g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cwi‡kl c×wZ: cÖK…wZ I myweav-Amyweav
15. cwi‡kl c×wZi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
16. cwi‡kl c×wZi myweav-Amyweav eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
17. wbw`©ó NUbvi Kvh©KviY m¤úK© cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
18. Aš^qx c×wZ e¨envi K‡i KviY †_‡K Kv‡h© Mg‡bi cÖwµqv
cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
19.e¨wZ‡iKx c×wZ e¨envi K‡i KviY †_‡K Kv‡h© Ges Kvh©
†_‡K Kvi‡Y Mg‡bi cÖwµqv cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
20.mncwieZ©b c×wZ e¨envi K‡i cwieZ©‡bi nvi cÖgvY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 15


lô Aa¨vq: e¨vL¨v wcwiqW-10
wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. e¨vL¨vi aviYv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  e¨vL¨vi cÖK…wZ
2. e¨vL¨vKi‡Yi cÖvmw½KZvI ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e  e¨vL¨vKi‡Yi cÖvmw½KZv I ¸iæZ¡
3. e¨vL¨vi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖKvi‡f`
4. ˆeÁvwbK e¨vL¨vi aviYv I ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ‰eÁvwbK e¨vL¨vi ˆewkó¨
5. †jŠwKK e¨vL¨vi aviYv I ˆewkó¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †jŠwKK e¨vL¨vi ˆewkó¨
6. ˆeÁvwbK I †jŠwKK e¨vL¨vi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki‡Z  ‰eÁvwbK I ‡jŠwKK e¨vL¨vi cv_©K¨
cvi‡e|
7. ˆeÁvwbK e¨vL¨vi wewfbœ aib eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  ‰eÁvwbK e¨vL¨vi wewfbœ iƒc
8. ˆeÁvwbK e¨vL¨vi mxgve×Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  mxgve×Zv
9. ev¯ÍeRxe‡b h_v_© e¨vL¨vi Abykxjb Ki‡Z AvMÖnx n‡e|

mßg Aa¨vq: †kÖwYKiY wcwiqW-10


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. †kÖwYKi‡Yi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †kÖwYKi‡Yi cÖK…wZ
2. †kÖwYKi‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †kÖwYKi‡Yi cÖKvi‡f`
3. cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg †kÖwYKi‡Yi Zyjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  cÖvK…wZK I K…wÎg †kÖwYKi‡Yi cv_©K¨
4. †kÖwYKi‡Yi mxgve×Zv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  †kÖwYKi‡Yi mxgve×Zv
5. †hŠw³K †kÖwYKi‡Y mÿg n‡e|

Aóg Aa¨vq: m¤¢vebv(Probability) wcwiqW-25


wkLbdj welqe¯‘
1. Abygvb cÖwµqvq m¤¢vebvi cÖvmw½KZv, aviYv I A_© e¨vL¨v  m¤¢vebvicÖvmw½KZv I aviYv
Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
2. m¤¢vebvi cÖK…wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  m¤¢vebvi cÖK…wZ
3. m¤¢vebvi wfwË e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  m¤¢vebvi wfwË
4. AvKw¯§KZvi A_© I aviYv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvKw¯§KZv
5. AvKw¯§KZvi Acbqb Gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  AvKw¯§KZvi Acbqb
6. m¤¢vebv I AvKw¯§KZvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki‡Z  m¤¢vebv I AvKw¯§KZv
cvi‡e|
7. Av‡ivn Abygv‡b m¤¢vebvi ¸iæZ¡ g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  m¤¢vebvi ¸iæZ¡
8. m¤¢vebv cwigvc Kivi wbqgmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡e|  m¤¢vebv cwigv‡ci wbqg
9. `ywU ¯^Zš¿ NUbv GKmv‡_ NUvi m¤¢vebv, `ywU ‰eKwíK
NUbviGKmv‡_ NUvi m¤¢vebv, RwUj NUbvi m¤¢vebv,
ci¯úi Ae¨wZ‡iKx NUbvi m¤¢vebv wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
10. m¤¢vebvi wbqg cÖ‡qvM K‡i m¤¢vebvi mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 16


we‡kl †jLK wb‡`©wkKv I cÖvmw½uK ÁvZe¨
1. cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡b wkLbdj I welqe¯‘ h_vh_fv‡e AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| AcÖvmw½K I AcÖ‡qvRbxq welqe¯‘i
ms‡hvRb cwinvi Kiv evÃYxq Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cy¯ÍK iPbv I web¨v‡mi †ÿ‡Î wkLbd‡ji Pvwn`v Abyhvqx
welqe¯‘ _vKv evÃbxq|

2. wkÿvµg Abyhvqx GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi hyw³we`¨v 1g cÎ Ges GKv`k-Øv`k †kÖwYi hyw³we`¨v 2q cÎ wk‡ivbv‡g
2wU cvV¨cy¯ÍK †jLv evÃbxq|

3. cÖ‡Z¨K Aa¨vq †k‡l Abykxjbg~jK (exercise) `„óvšÍ I cÖkœ, Aby‡”Q`, BZ¨vw` _vKv evÃbxq|

4. Aa¨vq †k‡l cÖkœgvjv †`Iqv hv‡e bv, Z‡e eB‡qi cwiwk‡ó wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœgvjv †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

hyw³we`¨v: GKv`k I Øv`k †kÖwY cvZv 17


†jLK‡`i Rb¨ mvaviY wb‡`©kbv

welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb (Content Presentation)


1. cvV¨cy¯ÍK cÖYq‡bi mgq welqe¯‘ mnR, †evaMg¨ I PwjZ fvlvq †kÖwY Dc‡hvMx K‡i wjL‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU Aa¨vq
I welqe¯‘i mv‡_ wcwiqW msL¨v wba©vwiZ i‡q‡Q| †m Abyhvqx `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K welqe¯‘‡K
Ggbfv‡e myweb¨¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wcwiqW †gvZv‡eK Zv m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|
2. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘i fvlv cÖvÄj Ges mnR‡eva¨ n‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î †kÖwY-Dc‡hvwMKi‡Yi wePvi‡ev‡a m‡PZb
n‡Z n‡e|
3. cvV¨cy¯ÍK Aa¨vqwfwËK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e| (cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡q cÖ‡qvRbxqmsL¨K wk¶v_©xi Kg©cÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Z
n‡e| Kg©cÎ n‡Z n‡e wkLbdj cwic~iY K‡i Ggb KvR hv †kÖwY‡Z m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e nq|)
4. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †jLvi mgq wkLb †ÿ‡Îi (eyw×e„wËq- Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM, I D”PZi `ÿZv; Av‡eMxq I
g‡bv‡cwkR †¶Î) cÖwZdjb welqe¯‘ig‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wKbv †m m¤ú‡K© †jLKMY‡K me©`v m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e|
5. †jLvi aib Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z welqe¯‘ Abyave‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q wk¶v_x© gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, ivóªxq Av`k© I
mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva m¤úwK©Z aviYv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g gvbweK I ˆbwZK g~j¨‡eva m¤úbœ fwel¨Z bvMwiK wn‡m‡e
M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i|
6. RvwZ, ag©, †MvÎ, eY© wbwe©‡k‡l KviI Abyf~wZ‡Z AvNvZ jvM‡Z cv‡i Ggb †Kv‡bv kã ev evK¨ e¨envi Kiv hv‡e
bv|
7. `¶ZvwfwËK wkLbdj Abyhvqx welqe¯‘ eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wk¶v_©xi m„RbkxjZvi weKvk m¤¢e nq| †bvU
wKsev MvBW eB‡qi ÷vB‡j c‡q›U wfwËK (KviY, cÖfve, cÖwZKvi ,f~wgKv,cÖ‡qvRbxqZv cÖf…wZ)welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb
Kiv hv‡e bv|
8. cÖwZwU Aa¨vq †k‡l Abykxjbx‡Z Kgc‡¶ 1wU m„Rbkxj cÖkœ Ges Ávb, Abyaveb, cÖ‡qvM I D”PZi `¶Zv ¯Íi
c~iY K‡i Ggb wZb ai‡bi eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z n‡e|
9. †RÐvi mgZv iÿv K‡i cvV¨e¯‘ (Text Material) iwPZ n‡e|
10. wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm †_‡K nvj bvMv` Z_¨-DcvË msMÖn K‡i mswkøó cv‡V ms‡hvwRZ n‡e|
11. ZË¡, wewa, m~Î, wbqg-c×wZ Dc¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î ev¯Íe Rxe‡bi NUbv D‡jøL K‡i wKsev Rxeb Nwbô D`vni‡Yi
mvnv‡h¨ wjL‡Z n‡e|

evbvb I fvlvixwZ (Spelling & Language Rule)


12. evsjv GKv‡Wgxi evbvb ixwZ AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e|
13. fvlv n‡Z n‡e mnR, cÖvÄj I †kªwY Dc‡hvMx|

Aa¨vq wb‡`©kbv (Chapter Instruction)


14. Aa¨vqmg~‡ni wfbœ wfbœ wk‡ivbvg i‡q‡Q| †jLKMY Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg D‡jøL K‡i welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges
Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg, aviYvmg~‡ni Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
15. m~wPc‡Î Aa¨v‡qi AšÍM©Z cÖwZwU welq (hv wk¶vµ‡g DwjøwLZ) c„ôv b¤^imn D‡jøL Ki‡eb|

cvV¨cy¯ÍK Dc¯’vcb (Text Book Presentation)


16. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki Kfvi c„ôv mswkøó wel‡qi fveavivi Avw½‡K AvKl©Yxq cª”Q` e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
17. Aa¨vq b¤^i 14, Aa¨vq wk‡ivbvg 24, †nW wk‡ivbvg 16, mve‡nW wk‡ivbvg 14, welqe¯‘ d›U mvBR 13 web¨v‡m
A¶i mvBR Ges jvBb †¯úm 1.2 AbymiY K‡i cÖwZwU Aa¨vq Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e|
18. Aa¨v‡qi welqe¯‘i mv‡_ mswkøó Qwe/wPÎ/mviwY/gvbwPÎ BZ¨vw` cÖvmw½K, AvKl©Yxq I ¯úó n‡Z n‡e|
19. cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡qi 100 b¤^‡ii c‡Îi Rb¨ c„ôv msL¨v 230-240 (Kg-†ewk) Gi g‡a¨ n‡Z n‡e|

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