Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 126 views

    Corcuera, Leandro Miguel P. Ca2 2D - Bs Criminilogy History of Parole

    Uploaded by

    RESTY FERNANDEZ
    1) The origin of probation can be traced back to medieval England, where harsh punishments like branding, flogging, and execution were common for even minor offenses. 2) In the 19th century, John Augustus is considered the "Father of Probation" and the first probation officer. He helped reform alcohol abusers in Boston courts by having them released into his supervision instead of being imprisoned. 3) By 1858, Augustus had provided bail for nearly 2,000 men and women, with only 10 forfeiting their bond. His work led Massachusetts to pass the first probation statute in 1859.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Corcuera, Leandro Miguel P. Ca2 2D - Bs Criminilogy History of Parole

    Uploaded by

    RESTY FERNANDEZ
    126 views2 pages
    1) The origin of probation can be traced back to medieval England, where harsh punishments like branding, flogging, and execution were common for even minor offenses. 2) In the 19th century, John Augustus is considered the "Father of Probation" and the first probation officer. He helped reform alcohol abusers in Boston courts by having them released into his supervision instead of being imprisoned. 3) By 1858, Augustus had provided bail for nearly 2,000 men and women, with only 10 forfeiting their bond. His work led Massachusetts to pass the first probation statute in 1859.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    History-of-Parole.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The origin of probation can be traced back to medieval England, where harsh punishments like branding, flogging, and execution were common for even minor offenses. 2) In the 19th century, John Augustus is considered the "Father of Probation" and the first probation officer. He helped reform alcohol abusers in Boston courts by having them released into his supervision instead of being imprisoned. 3) By 1858, Augustus had provided bail for nearly 2,000 men and women, with only 10 forfeiting their bond. His work led Massachusetts to pass the first probation statute in 1859.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    126 views2 pages

    Corcuera, Leandro Miguel P. Ca2 2D - Bs Criminilogy History of Parole

    Uploaded by

    RESTY FERNANDEZ
    1) The origin of probation can be traced back to medieval England, where harsh punishments like branding, flogging, and execution were common for even minor offenses. 2) In the 19th century, John Augustus is considered the "Father of Probation" and the first probation officer. He helped reform alcohol abusers in Boston courts by having them released into his supervision instead of being imprisoned. 3) By 1858, Augustus had provided bail for nearly 2,000 men and women, with only 10 forfeiting their bond. His work led Massachusetts to pass the first probation statute in 1859.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    CORCUERA, LEANDRO MIGUEL P.

    CA2
    2D – BS CRIMINILOGY
    History of Parole
    The origin of probation can be traced to English criminal law of the Middle Ages. Harsh
    punishments were imposed on adults and children alike for offenses that were not always of a
    serious nature. Sentences such as branding, flogging, mutilation, and execution were common.
    During the time of King Henry VIII, for instance, no less than 200 crimes were punishable by
    death, many of which were minor offenses.
    This harshness eventually led to discontent in certain progressive segments of English society
    that were concerned with the evolution of the justice system. Slowly but resolutely, in an effort
    to mitigate these inhumane punishments, a variety of measures were devised and adopted. Royal
    pardons could be purchased by the accused; activist judges could refrain from applying statutes
    or opt for a lenient interpretation of them; stolen property could be devalued by the court so that
    offenders could be charged with a lesser crime. Also, methods such as benefit of clergy, judicial
    reprieve, sanctuary, and abjuration offered offenders a degree of protection from the enactment
    of harsh sentences.
    Eventually, the courts began the practice of "binding over for good behavior," a form of
    temporary release during which offenders could take measures to secure pardons or lesser
    sentences. Controversially, certain courts began suspending sentences.
    John Augustus, the "Father of Probation," is recognized as the first true probation officer.
    Augustus was born in Woburn, Massachusetts in 1785. By 1829, he was a permanent resident of
    Boston and the owner of a successful boot-making business. It was undoubtedly his membership
    in the Washington Total Abstinence Society that led him to the Boston courts. Washingtonians
    abstained from alcohol themselves and were convinced that abusers of alcohol could be
    rehabilitated through understanding, kindness, and sustained moral suasion, rather than through
    conviction and jail sentences.
    In 1841, John Augustus attended police court to bail out a "common drunkard," the first
    probationer. The offender was ordered to appear in court three weeks later for sentencing. He
    returned to court a sober man, accompanied by Augustus. To the astonishment of all in
    attendance, his appearance and demeanor had dramatically changed.
    Augustus thus began an 18-year career as a volunteer probation officer. Not all of the
    offenders helped by Augustus were alcohol abusers, nor were all prospective probationers taken
    under his wing. Close attention was paid to evaluating whether or not a candidate would likely
    prove to be a successful subject for probation. The offender's character, age, and the people,
    places, and things apt to influence him or her were all considered.
    Augustus was subsequently credited with founding the investigations process, one of three
    main concepts of modern probation, the other two being intake and supervision. Augustus, who
    kept detailed notes on his activities, was also the first to apply the term "probation" to his method
    of treating offenders.
    By 1858, John Augustus had provided bail for 1,946 men and women. Reportedly, only 10
    of this number forfeited their bond, a remarkable accomplishment when measured against any
    standard. His reformer's zeal and dogged persistence won him the opposition of certain segments
    of Boston society as well as the devotion and aid of many Boston philanthropists and
    organizations. The first probation statute, enacted in Massachusetts shortly after this death in
    1859, was widely attributed to his efforts.
    Following the passage of that first statute, probation spread gradually throughout the United
    States. The juvenile court movement contributed greatly to the development of probation as a
    legally-recognized method of dealing with offenders. The first juvenile court was established in
    Chicago in 1899. Formalization of the intake process is credited to the founders of the Illinois
    juvenile court. Soon after, 30 states introduced probation as a part of the juvenile court
    procedure. Today, all states offer both juvenile and adult probation.
    Matthew Davenport Hill, a lawyer from England is also noted to have contributed to the
    development of modern probation. Hill had witnessed the sentencing of youthful offenders to
    one-day terms on the condition that they be returned to a parent or guardian who would closely
    supervise them. When he eventually became the Recorder of Birmingham, a judicial post, he
    used a similar practice for individuals who did not seem hopelessly corrupt. If offenders
    demonstrated a promise for rehabilitation, they were placed in the hands of generous guardians
    who willingly took charge of them. Hill had police officers pay periodic visits to these guardians
    in an effort to track the offender's progress and keep a running account.

    You might also like