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    Drafting Standards1

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    mahalakshmi
    The document provides an overview of drafting standards for architectural drawings. It discusses topics like sheet layout, line weights and types, lettering, dimensioning, symbols and annotations, and types of drawings. The key types of drawings covered are multi-view drawings using orthographic projections, single view drawings using paraline or perspective techniques, and the different projection methods like isometric, dimetric, trimetric, oblique, and perspective.

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    Drafting Standards1

    Uploaded by

    mahalakshmi
    15 views37 pages
    The document provides an overview of drafting standards for architectural drawings. It discusses topics like sheet layout, line weights and types, lettering, dimensioning, symbols and annotations, and types of drawings. The key types of drawings covered are multi-view drawings using orthographic projections, single view drawings using paraline or perspective techniques, and the different projection methods like isometric, dimetric, trimetric, oblique, and perspective.

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    The document provides an overview of drafting standards for architectural drawings. It discusses topics like sheet layout, line weights and types, lettering, dimensioning, symbols and annotations, and types of drawings. The key types of drawings covered are multi-view drawings using orthographic projections, single view drawings using paraline or perspective techniques, and the different projection methods like isometric, dimetric, trimetric, oblique, and perspective.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views37 pages

    Drafting Standards1

    Uploaded by

    mahalakshmi
    The document provides an overview of drafting standards for architectural drawings. It discusses topics like sheet layout, line weights and types, lettering, dimensioning, symbols and annotations, and types of drawings. The key types of drawings covered are multi-view drawings using orthographic projections, single view drawings using paraline or perspective techniques, and the different projection methods like isometric, dimetric, trimetric, oblique, and perspective.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 37

    Training on

    Drafting Standards - AEC


    ESTHER A
    CPDT
    Topics

    Introduction
    Sheet Layout: Title Block, Revisions, Sheet Number, Scale, Folding of Prints
    Line Weights & Types: Line Weight, Three Line Weights, various line types
    Lettering, Lettering style
    Dimensioning: Dimension line, Termination & Inscription of Dimension lines
    Symbols & Annotations: Section, Elevation & Detail Symbols, Material Symbol, Door &
    Window Numbers
    Multi view drawing: orthographic projections
    Single View drawing: Paraline drawing & Perspective Drawing
    Introduction

    Drawing
    Drafting
    Introduction

    Drawing – Sketching / Idea Generation


    Drafting – Type of drawing – conveys specific
    details & dimensions

    Architectural Drafting – includes floor plans,


    elevations, sections, details, ceiling plans, finish
    schedules and mechanical information such as
    electrical, plumbing, air conditioning and heating
    plans
    Introduction

    IS Codes
    IS 962-1989 - architectural & Building drawing
    IS 10711-1987 - sizes of drawing sheets
    IS 9609-1983 -part1 - lettering on technical drawings:
    part-1
    IS 10713-1983 - scales for use on technical drawings
    IS 10714-1983 - general principles of presentation on
    technical drawings
    IS 11665-1985- title block - technical drawings
    Sheet Layout

    Notes / Tips
    Title Blocks
    Sheet Layout
    Title Block Creation
    Folding a Drawing sheet – A3 sheet
    Line Weights

    3 types of Line Weights


    Thick Line
    Medium Line
    Thin Line
    Line Weights

    3 types of Line Weights


    Thick Line – walls, sections, outlines, borderlines,
    details.,
    Medium Line – outlining objects, dimensions, hidden
    objects etc.,
    Thin Line – guidelines, door swings, dimension
    extensions, break lines, hatches etc.,
    Line Types

    Section Line

    Continuous Line

    Dimension Line
    Dashed Line

    Center Line
    Break Line Leader Line
    Line Types - Purpose

    Continuous Line – visible objects in plan, elevation & Section


    Dashed Line – objects not visible in reader’s current view but
    needs to be acknowledged
    Center Line – to locate the symmetrical center of objects
    (doors, windows, beam walls etc.,)
    Section Line – to show cutaway view – direction arrow
    indicates the direction of section view
    Line Types - Purpose

    Dimension Line – indicate the physical


    measurement of objects
    Leader Line – line extending from text and ending
    with an arrow, pointing to an object or place
    Break Line – indicate an object or area is not
    drawn in its entirety
    Lettering

    Used to Communicate Ideas


    To describe elements which cannot be explained
    with drawings.
    Roman alphabets – All Capital letters
    hand-lettering is always done using two or more
    horizontal guidelines.
    Lettering

    Text within Title block – Medium to Bold depending


    on importance
    Drawing Label – Medium or Bold
    Text Style: City Blueprint, Arial, Romans
    Manual Drafting – Simple BLOCK LETTERING STYLE
    with horizontal Strokes slightly angled
    Lettering

    Typical Lettering Heights are


    3/16” – ¼” for Main Titles under Drawings,
    1/8” to 3/16” for subtitles or room names
    1/8” for notes & dimensions
    ½” for Sheet number in Title Block
    Dimensioning

    Should be drafted lighter than wall lines


    Extension line begins slightly away from the object
    Arrows, dots, or 45-degree tick marks are
    commonly used
    Exterior walls of a building are dimensioned outside
    Outermost dimension line is the overall building
    dimension
    Numerals are placed above and centered
    Dimensions are oriented to read from the base or
    right side
    Dimensioning
    Dimensioning
    Dimensioning

    Single Dimension
    Chain Dimension
    Parallel Dimension
    Superimposed running dimension
    Dimensioning

    Termination
    For Single dimension, chain dimensions
    and parallel dimension lines-
    represented by short oblique lines
    drawn at 45 deg
    For superimposed running dimension -
    open 90° arrowheads. Datum point shall
    be represented by a dot surrounded by
    circle
    Dimensioning

    Inscription of Dimension
    For Single dimension, chain dimensions
    and parallel dimension lines - placed
    near the middle of, above and clear of
    the dimension line
    For superimposed running dimension –
    placed near the arrow head:
    In line with projection line
    Above & clear of the dimension line
    Symbols & Annotation

    To represent objects that cannot


    be depicted accurately
    To represent the object that would
    take too much time to draw
    Example: Doors and Window details
    Section & Elevation Symbols
    Material Symbol
    Door & Window Numbering
    Section & Elevation Symbol

    Section Symbol Elevation Symbol

    Detail Symbol

    Elevation Datum Elevation Symbol


    Symbols & Annotation

    Section Symbol - consists of ½” dia circle


    & arrow that indicates the view direction
    of sight which is solid black
    Elevation Symbol – Elevation is a view of
    the object as seen from the front – ½” dia
    circle
    Detail Symbol - The feature that needs a
    detail drawing is enclosed in a large
    circle and connected to the circle of the
    detail mark with a leader – ½” dia circle
    Elevation Datum - indicate a level line
    control point – ¼” dia circle
    Symbols & Annotation

    Steel Concrete Concrete Block Stucco/Plaster

    Brick Gravels/Pebbles Grass Stone

    TILE Brick Earth Glass


    Symbols & Annotation

    Door - Identified by a door number


    symbol. A door number symbol has a
    circle and an alphabet inside.
    The number indicates either door
    number or door type, depending on
    the project
    Door & Window letter symbols should
    be in 3/8”- dia circle/hexagon & 1/8” –
    ¼” height text
    Draw the given drawing with proper line type and line weight. Use the necessary
    Symbols.
    Drawing Classification System

    Isometric View
    Orthographic
    Multi-view Drawings
    Projections
    Axonometric
    Dimetric View
    Projections
    Drawing Paraline Drawing
    Classification System
    Oblique Projections Trimetric View

    Single View Drawing


    One-point
    perspective

    Two-point
    Perspective Drawing
    Perspective

    Three-point
    perspective
    Drawing Classification System

    Multi-view Drawings – visualized by


    using Glass Box Theory – the object can
    be imagined to be a flat
    Orthographic Projections
    the object is placed in a series of positions
    relative to the viewing plane.
    Drawing Classification System

    Single View Drawings – to picture an


    object or space as we normally see it in
    reality with all three dimensions
    appearing simultaneously
    Paraline Drawing
    Perspective Drawing
    Drawing Classification System

    Paraline Drawing– lines are drawn


    parallel to one another, and object
    features retain this relationship as they
    appear to recede in the distance
    Categorized According Projection
    Method
    Axonometric
    Oblique

    Axonometric Oblique Oblique


    (Elevation) (Plan)
    Drawing Classification System

    Axonometric Projections – Each line


    drawn parallel to these axes is drawn at
    an exact scale with the true length of
    the object depicted.
    Measurable along the axis
    Isometric - The planes of width and depth
    are drawn at 30 degrees and the height is
    held vertical
    Dimetric - drawing makes two faces
    equally visible and shortens the third face
    Trimetric - rotates an object so that all Isometric Dimetric Trimetric
    three faces are at different angles to the
    picture plane
    Drawing Classification System

    Oblique Projections – Each line drawn


    parallel to these axes is drawn at an
    exact scale with the true length of the
    object depicted.
    One face of an object is always parallel
    to the viewing plane and represented in
    true proportion, such as an elevation or
    plan view.
    Plan Oblique
    Elevation Oblique
    Oblique projection
    Drawing Classification System

    Perspective – produces a more realistic


    picture, as it attempts to duplicate the
    way our eyes actually see objects and
    space.
    Characteristics
    Convergence of parallel lines
    Diminution of size
    Foreshortening
    Overlapping of forms
    Drawing Classification System

    One-point Perspective – sides of an object


    appear to vanish to a single point on the
    horizon
    Two-point Perspective – picture plane is
    placed parallel to only one set of lines, the
    results are termed a two-point perspective
    Three-point Perspective – drawn with the
    viewer at a distance above the horizon
    (bird’s-eye view) or below the horizon
    (Worm’s-eye view)
    Multi-View Drawing
    Isometric Drawing

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