AIR TRANSPORT

1. History of air transport industry

The earliest projectiles in the history of mankind that travel through the air have been
known to be stones and spears. These made way for the boomerang in Australia, the hot air
lantern, and kites. If we look into the history of air transport, we will come across early
legends of human flight such as the story of Icarus, Jamshid in Persian myth, and may
more. 

The modern age in the history of air transportation began with the hot air balloon designed
by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783, which was the first un-tethered human lighter-than-
air flight. But the flights were limited as the balloon could only travel downwind. In 1784,
a steerable balloon by Jean-Pierre Blanchard was the first human-powered dirigible. He
crossed the English Channel in one in 1785. However, the concept of the modern airplane,
as a fixed-wing flying machine with separate systems for lift, propulsion, and control was
only set forth in 1799 by Sir George Cayley, as per the history of air transport. The first
assisted take-off flight was in December 17, 1903 by the Wright Brothers, who are known
to be the first to fly in a powered and controlled aircraft.

Following the new standards in the air transport history, there were extensive adoption of
ailerons versus wing warping made aircraft which were much easier to control. At the start
of World War I, only a decade later, heavier-than-air powered aircraft were used for
investigation, artillery spotting, and even attacking against ground positions.

The history of air transportation reflects hoe following this, as designs grew larger and
more reliable; the aircraft began to carry people and cargo. There were giant rigid airships
transporting passengers and cargo over large distances. The German Zeppelin company
became the best known manufacturers of these type of aircrafts in the air transport history.
The most triumphant Zeppelin was the Graf Zeppelin, which flew over one million miles.

However with the advancement in the airplane design, the dominance of the Zeppelins in
this period of history of air transport was soon to end. During the 1920s and 1930s there
was huge progress in the field of aviation. The first airliner that was commercial carrying
passengers exclusively was the Douglas DC-3. This began the modern era of passenger

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 airline service ever since the origin of air transport. With the World War II, one also saw
many towns and cities building airports. There were numerous qualified pilots available
too. The first jet aircraft and the first liquid-fueled rockets brought many improvements to
air transport.

Ever since the 1960s, the composite airframes have become lighter and quieter. The
engines have become more competent. But the most significant lasting improvements have
taken place in instrumentation and control, as we study the air transport history. The influx
of solid-state electronics, the Global Positioning System, satellite communications have
radically changed the cockpits of airliners. Small and powerful computers and LED
displays help the pilots in navigating and viewing the terrain much more accurately, even
at night or in low visibility.

In 2004, SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded aircraft to make a spaceflight.
This has opened the likelihood of an aviation market competent of leaving the Earth's
atmosphere.

2. Advantages of air transport

o Speed and punctuality

It is the main characteristic of this means of transport. Only the plane offers the
possibility of locating a situation anywhere in the world in 24 hours. Speed is
crucial for both perishable and high value goods and for urgent shipments, where
the cost of the factor is secondary. Another advantage of speed is that, by
advancing in delivery, you can generate financial savings from charging before
exports.

o Administrative Agility
As a result of this speed and the need for delays in administrative processes at
airports of origin and destination, the procedures (customs, logistics, etc.) to which
the air cargo is subject are usually very agile, although with a great demand.

o Security

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 The plane is the safest means of transport, as evidenced by the fact that it is the one
with the lowest recorded accident rate. This level of security means that air
transport insurance premiums are also relatively low (in percentage), although it
should be borne in mind that both premiums tend to increase (in final importance),
since it also depends on the value of the goods, which usually tall

o Extensive coverage network

With air transport there is the possibility of sending connections to virtually
anywhere in the world. In fact, some destinations are only accessible by this means
(for example, certain areas of Central Africa)

o Flexibility
There is a wide variety of aircraft, from small airplanes to the Boeing 747 or the
new Airbus 380, which have a large cargo capacity.

3. Disadvantages of air transport

o Restrictions and technical limitations

Due to the dimensions of aircraft doors and warehouses, the dimensions (weight
and weight) of packages and merchandise that can be transported by air were
limited. Although there is a growing fleet of airplanes with large cargo capacity,
prior information is required of the restrictions that will apply to shipments

o It is an expensive transport
The resulting air transport is excessively expensive and, therefore, is not
competitive for low value-added goods, such as raw materials and semi-finished
products, very dependent on the price of transport for sale in international markets.

4. Features that a special air cargo must have

 Being of high value, which allows resorting to "expensive" transportation such as air.

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  It is urgent to send them for different reasons (perishable variables, commercial
samples prior to a contract, medical imperatives, humanitarian aid, etc.).
 Do not exceed the specified sizes or weights, as they must comply with the technical
limitations of the aircraft.
 They are usually finished products (ready for sale and final consumption).

5. Aircraft types
When selecting the means of transport, you must take into account the nature of the
merchandise to be mobilized, the package and the packaging, the urgency of sending it, the
degree of packaging that will have said cargo and the availability of the chosen means of
transport. For the transport of goods, there are seven types of goods.

 Antonov 225
It is the longest, widest and heaviest aircraft in the world. It measures 84 meters
long, is 88 meters wide and weighs 175 tons without cargo or fuel.

 Boeing 747 F
It is a bulky cargo transport aircraft built by the American company Boeing from
modifications of the Boeing 747-400. Initially built for the transport of parts of the
Boeing 787 Dreamliner, it is currently also used for the transport of parts of the
Boeing aircraft throughout the world.

 DC-10 freighter plane

It is a commercial wide-body reactor manufactured by the American company
McDonnell Douglas. It was the second aircraft to enter service with these
characteristics after the Boeing 747 and the Lockheed L-1011TrStar which is equal
to the latter, the constant three-engine DC-10.

 Airbus 340

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 It is considered one of the most modern commercial aircraft in service. It has
cutting-edge technology in the devices that allow its airworthiness and
entertainment services on board.
Among the novelties that this model of airplane includes is the possibility of seeing
on the sc:reens what it is recording, in real time, an external camera located at the
helm.

6. Containers that are used

6.1. AA2 standard container

Container completely aluminum, opens on one side of 317.5 cm, closed by a flap and
a red with straps. It can be adapted to load clothes with pendants. Some containers are
equipped with security doors.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317.5 cm
 Width: 223.5 cm
 Tall: 162.5 cm
 Tare: 230 kg
 Volume available: 9.8 m3
 Gross load weight: 4625 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 F / B747 / A340 / A330 / B777

Container image:

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6.2. AMP standard container
Container completely aluminum, opens on one side of 317.5 cm, closed by a flap and
a red with straps. It can be adapted to load clothes with pendants. Some containers are
equipped with security doors.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317.5cm
 Width: 244 cm
 Tall: 162.5 cm
 Tare: 285 kg
 Volume available: 10.3 m3
 Gross load weight: 6800 kg for PMD / 4625 kg for PLD
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 F / B747 / A340 / A330 / B777

Container image:

6.3. AQ6 standard container

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Container completely aluminum, opens on one side of 317.5 cm, closed by a flap and
a red with straps. It can be adapted to load clothes with pendants. Some containers are
equipped with security doors.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317.5cm
 Width: 244 cm
 Tall: 244 cm
 Tare: 270 kg
 Volume available: 15.7 m3
 Gross load weight: 6800 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 F

Container image:

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6.4. AKH standard container
Container completely aluminum, opens on one side of 156 cm, handle by forklift.

Dimesions:

 Long: 156 cm
 Width: 153.4 cm
 Tall: 114 cm
 Tare: 85 kg
 Volume available: 3.5 m3
 Gross load weight: 1335 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: A 320 / A 321

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Container image:

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6.5. AKE standard container
Container completely aluminum, opens on the side of 156 cm, closed by a flap.

Dimesions:

 Long: 156 cm
 Width: 153.4 cm
 Tall: 160 cm
 Tare: 75 kg
 Volume available: 4.5 m3
 Gross load weight: 1587 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 / A340 / A330 / B777

Container image:

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6.6. AKN standard container
Container completely aluminum, opens on the side of 156 cm, closed by a double
metal door. Container available with VARIATION FASHION. Manageable by
forklift. Modular ceiling lamp adapted for hanging garments. It can be sealed.

Dimesions:

 Long: 156 cm
 Width: 153.4 cm
 Tall: 160 cm
 Tare: 120 kg
 Volume available: 3.9 m3
 Gross load weight: 1587 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: A340 / A330

Container image:

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6.7. AMP security container
Fully aluminum container, a dust and sound test (rubber seals), opens on the side of
223.5 cm. closed by a metal door with four sealable panels and equipment with six
fixed rails for hook items.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317 cm
 Width: 243.8 cm
 Tall: 162.6 cm
 Tare: 340 kg
 Gross load weight: 6800 kg for PMD / 4625 kg for PLD

Container image:

6.8. AaP security container

Fully aluminum container, a dust and sound test (rubber seals), opens on the side of
223.5 cm. closed by a metal door with four sealable panels and equipment with six
fixed rails for hook items.

Dimesions:

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  Long: 317 cm
 Width: 223.5 cm
 Tall: 162.6 cm
 Tare: 311 kg
 Gross load weight: 4625 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 F / Combi / Mixto A340 / A330 / B777

Container image:

6.9. RKN

Adjustable temperature container

Temperature range:
-4 + 68 ° F. (Equipped with a Envirotainer Standard thermostat for 16 16D size
alkaline batteries.
Ice storage capacity : Ice
blocks up to 180 kg. Or bulk ice up to 95 kg

Dimesions:

 Long: 156 cm
 Width: 153 cm
 Tall: 162 cm
 Tare: 267 kg
 Volume available: 3 m3

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  Gross load weight: 1588 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 / B777 / A340 / A330

Container image:

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6.10. RAP Adjustable temperatura container
Temperature range:
-4 + 68 ° F. (Equipped with a Envirotainer Standard thermostat for 16 16D size
alkaline batteries.
Ice storage capacity : Ice
blocks up to 180 kg. Or bulk ice up to 95 kg

Dimesions:

 Long: 317 cm
 Width: 223 cm
 Tall: 162 cm
 Tare: 438 kg acoording to builder

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  Volume available: 8.3 m3
 Gross load weight: 6800 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 / B777 / A340 / A330

Container image:

6.11. RMP Adjustable temperatura container

Polyester foam between the side panels. Temperature controlled between 0 + 20
° C. Opening with sealable door. Behavior with capacity up to 400 kg. of dry
ice with space for fan batteries on one side.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317.1 cm
 Width: 244 cm
 Tall: 162.6 cm
 Tare: 600 kg director
 Volume available: 10 m3
 Gross load weight: 6033 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747 / B777 / A340 / A330

Container image:

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6.12. JPP Adjustable temperatura container
Isothermal container for cargo transport, packaging composed of polyester
foam panels. It has a sealed security door.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317 cm
 Width: 223 cm
 Tall: 162 cm
 Tare: 438 kg director
 Volume available: 8.3 m3
 Gross load weight: 6800 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: Below you can see the squares where
Marmedsa Noatum Maritime has companies in.

Container image:

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6.13. H6P Container for live animals
Aluminum base, soundproof with foam between the side panels. Interior panels
and distributions.
Non-slip floor, removable partitions for 1 to 3 horses.
Covered roof, front and rear door, made on a ramp to allow unrestricted horses
to get on and off.

Dimesions:

 Long: 317.5 cm
 Width: 244 cm
 Tall: 244 cm
 Tare: 775 kg or 900 kg
 Aircraft Compatibility: B747

Container image:

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7. Main airports internationally

7.1. Hong Kong International Airport

The Hong Kong International Airport, HKIA (for its acronym in English), is less than
five hours away from half the world's population. It is the third airport with more
international passenger traffic and there operates the center of greatest international
cargo activity in the world.

7.2. Singapore Changi Airport

Singapore airport, Changi, is one of the largest in this country. Its facilities have all
the services and is the sixth in the world with more international traffic.
This airport handles around 5,400 arrivals and departures every week and more than
42 million passengers per year (more than 7 times the size of the population of
Singapore) and has been chosen several times as one of the best in the world.

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 7.3. Incheon International Airport
Considered among the best and most modern in the continent and in the world,
Incheon International Airport is one of the busiest and most technologically advanced
in Asia. It operates on all continents and major cities of the world.

7.4. Munich International Airport

It is one of the most important airports in the world and the second busiest in
Germany. It receives more than 40 million passengers a year in its two modern
terminals and is considered among the most modern and efficient airports in Europe.

7.5. Amsterdam Schipol Airport

It is one of the busiest airports in the Netherlands and the fifth in Europe, in terms of
passenger volume.
This airport is a city in itself. In addition to banks, shops, restaurants, conference
centers, playgrounds, hotels and casinos, the complex also has a unique collection of
modern art.

8. Main air routes

“Not surprisingly, 14 of the 20 most frequent routes in the world operate to, from or within
Asia, and the routes that connect from Hong Kong, Singapore, Seoul and Osaka to other
parts of Asia are excluded from the important way,” says an OAG report.
The first seven, the busiest, are routes within Asia, demonstrating the intensity of air
transport between hub airports and key cities.
Outside of Asia, there are five short distance routes that operate with a high density of
scheduled air service. These are:

New York (LaGuardia) – Toronto

Dubái – Kuwait
Dublín – London (Heathrow)
Ámsterdam – London (Heathrow)
Chicago – Toronto.

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 The only long-distance intercontinental route in the Top 20 of the busiest is New York
JFK-London Heathrow, which records an average of 38 daily frequencies, ranked 16th in
terms of flights and 14th in terms of traffic of passengers

9. Air Fares
Air fares (cost of transportation between airports) are limited in IATA publications and,
specifically, in the series of known guides such as air freight rate or TACT.

It is usual that transactions with tasks usually apply to the freight forwarder more
competitive rates than the official ones, but in the air knowledge or AWB that indicates the
rate published by IATA. Competition, cargo volumes, its evolution and agreements with
freight agents ultimately determine the rate applicable to each operation.

To determine the fares of each route, you must consult the corresponding IATA manual
(or the computer application) and first look for the airport of origin. The airports that can
be reached from the starting point appear, the most convenient destination is found and the
fare structure that applies to that route appears.

Types of rates:

o The minimum rate

It is the minimum to charge. It is mandatory when, when calculating the fare
applicable to a certain route, a lower amount results. For example, the shipment of
a 4 kg load from Alicante to Oran imports a total of: € 4 x 2.57 (rate per kg) = €
10.28. As this fare is lower than the minimum established between airports for that
route (“M” = € 43.10), this minimum must be charged.

o Normal rate
It is applicable to shipments of up to 45 kilos or, failing that, up to 100 kg. In
practice, it is the first installment of quantity rates.

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o Rates for quantity or general cargo
A general rate per kilogram is applied to general cargo rates based on the total
shipping weight (this is the most common type of rate). It is applied in sections,
applying a lower rate according to the weight of the shipment: for example, more
than 100 kg, more than 300 kg, more than 500 kg, etc.

o Basic rates
Very common in European routes, they are composed of a fixed part, or basic (it is
paid specifically for the weight), to which another part is added per kilo. The sum
of both components confirms the total rate to be paid.

o Specific rates
This is a series of products for those trips between airports in which the variable
codes are specified in the TACT (for example, code 4211 applicable to "Car parts
and accessories, car repair equipment"), and only codes of bars corresponding to
those codes. Specific rates can be divided by times, being lower for higher weights
(rates) of shipments.

o Class fees
They are based on general rates and the rates of specific merchandise (live animals,
newspapers, human remains, etc.) are reduced between IATA countries or areas,
surcharges or percentage discounts on the general freight rate.

o Rates per ULD

The exporter or his freight agent can transport his merchandise in devices 41 unit
load units, ULD, if they occupy most of them, so that they are destined exclusively
to the transport of that shipment (the relative does not share the ULD with other
merchandise) If these ULDs are registered with IATA, a specific rate is applied
according to the ULD model used. As for the weight to be paid, it consists of a

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 fixed part of a certain pivot weight (minimum shares to be paid) and a part called
overpivot when the total weight of the shipment exceeds the pivot.

o Specific service fees

There are different rates for the same company and for the same route, depending
on the type of service offered, depending on the time and urgency of delivery,
preference over other goods, etc.

9.1. Tariff rate

The fare weight, or weight subject to charges, is the weight to which the fare will be
applied to calculate air freight in a shipment. The amount of the freight is calculated
applying the type of rate that corresponds, both the weight and the volume of the
shipment to transport. The current weight / volume ratio for air transport is set at
1,000 kilos = 6 cubic meters or, what is the same, 1 m3 equals 167 kg.
The first thing to do to determine the rate to apply to a shipment is to determine
whether it pays by weight (physical, real, scale) or by volume. For this, the volume is
multiplied, expressed in cubic meters, by 167 kg; This gives the equivalent in billable
kilos (payable). If the billable weight you get is greater than the gross weight of the
shipment, it will be paid based on the volume and in the other cases it will be paid for
the gross weight of the shipment. You always pay for the highest value, that is, the
most convenient for the carrier.
Another way to convert the volume into billable or tariff weight is to divide by 6,000
the volume of the shipment expressed in cubic centimeters. The operation is simple:
once the maximum shipping measurements in centimeters are known, multiply length
x width x height and divide the result by 6,000 (some divisions divided by 5,000
because, as already mentioned, they affected a different conversion rate for calculate
the weight of the tariff, which in practice implies a higher cost). The result is the
volume weight, which will be the rate, if it is greater than the gross weight on the
scale.

Example 1:

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 The shipment consists of a box whose gross weight on the scale is 40 kg and
measuring 165 x 35 x 65 cm

Volume weight = 165 x 35 x 65 / 6,000 = 62.56

Rate weight = 62.56 kg

10. Surcharges and other costs in air transport

Air transport analyzed so far includes only air transport between airports. As already
mentioned, additional charges and fees are generally added to this initial amount
depending on the operations carried out in the development of international air cargo
transportation. Among the most common surcharges are the following:

o Fuel surcharge
Surcharge that applies to increases in the cost of fuel and that the company has an
impact on the user (added to air freight).

o Transportation to or from the airport

Cost of prior transportation from the seller's warehouse to the freight forwarder's
warehouse or to the airport of departure. Another similar cost will be produced
from the destination airport to the buyer's warehouse.

o Costs at the airports

At the airport of departure, a series of costs related to the operations of
manipulation and permanence of the modifications will be generated, in addition to
the payment of fees for the use of the facilities. These costs are different for each
shipment and depend on the regulations applicable in the country of the airport.
In the case of exports from Spain, an airport use fee 48 applies (generally it has a
fixed component of € 11.07 which can be charged € 2 / kg according to the weight
of the fare), a rate derived from the National Air Cargo Security Plan (60 euros per
shipment), a security surcharge (IRC), about 6 cents per kilo depending on the
weight of the fare, and the cost of managing (handling) the tension at the airport

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 (according to the gross weight on the scale and management company fees).
Similar costs will occur at the destination airport.

o Customs clearance
For export and import, if necessary.

11. Air Waybill

The bill of lading, air waybill or Air Waybill (AWB) is a non-negotiable and therefore not
endorsable transport document. Its main functions include the following:

o Documentary proof of the transport contract

The AWB is proof that there is an international transportation contract between the
sender (usually the sender) and the carrier or the airline. In the very common cases
in which the same operation is carried out in different sections, in charge of
different companies, the AWB is issued by the airline that delivers to the
destination, and is the one that appears in the corresponding heading and box of the
AWB

o Receipt of cargo by Carrier

As in all waybills, this is one of its main functions. It acts as proof of the goods
subject to the transport contract were made available to the carrier for delivery to
the recipient. Specifically, copy number 3 (blue) of the AWB is in the possession
of the consignor to fulfill this function.

o Carrier instruction sheet on cargo handling and conservation

The shipper / shipper can and must specify in the AWB very clearly how many
observations, instructions and care are taken with respect to the goods. In the most
common cases, these are instructions on modifications (keep vertical, specifically
fragile, etc.), temperature, safety (dangerous nature of proteins), etc.

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 o Recipient's receipt
When the recipient signs the AWB to pick up the selection at destination, it
becomes a test for the airline of the actual delivery of the recipient (or consignee).

o Certificate of transport insurance

In the AWB the box “Insured value for transport” can be fulfilled, in which case
the cargo is insured with the transport insurance company and according to its
coverage conditions, sum insured, premium, etc. It constitutes an alternative to the
contracting of transport insurance with an insurance company outside the carrier.

12. Formalization and format of the AWB contract

Although electronic document generation processes are currently being implemented,
including the air transport contract (e-freight), in order to replace paper and streamline
operations, the traditional AWB presumed form, issued following the instructions of
IATA, is still used mostly. It consists of 3 copies and 6 copies.
The AWB is issued by the airline (in the rare cases in which the loader contracts directly
with her) or the IATA freight agent. The recipients of the 3 original copies are:

o Original 1, green, for the sending carrier: "for the carrier").

o Original 2, pink, for the recipient ("for the recipient").
o Original 3, blue, is held by the shipper ("exporter"): "for the shipper".

It is also the transport contract whose history contains more data and boxes, and in
addition most of them are complied with codes of letters, numbers or alphanumeric. Each
AWB table and data reflect an aspect of the contract and its conditions.
Among the most important are the following: AWB numbering, departure airport, carrier /
s and transfers, sender, consignee, IATA agent, destination airport, currency and charges
for weight and value, declared value for transport, customs and insurance, data and
instructions for handling, description of the cargo (weight and number of packages) and its

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 air fare, surcharges on freight and its type, as well as whether they have paid the transport
agent or airline, the date and place of issue , etc.

13. Air transport figures

 The charger
The loader represents one of the first figures within the logistics chain of air
transport. This figure has the authorities and is responsible for taking it from one
place to another. The shipper almost never deals directly with the carrier, unless the
volume of its air shipments is so high that it justifies the creation of a dedicated
service. However, the loader negotiates the Incoterms that vary the rules of
responsibility that will be applied in the transport of goods.

 The air cargo agent

The air cargo agent is a specialized intermediary who represents the shipper before
the carrier. The shipper delegates the mission of carrying out the transport by
contracting with the carriers they want. IATA agents (in more detail below) operate
in approximately 90% of the air cargo that moves in the world. They play the role
of "multimodal transport operator" for the vast majority. The agent is also the
logistics specialist since he is in charge of choosing the carrier and organizing the
circulation of the organizations. In the event that the agent is authorized, it can be
charged with managing the customs formalities of goods shipments.
Air cargo agencies are classified into:
 IATA agencies: adapts to IATA freight agents acting on behalf of the
airlines.
 General agents: they are natural persons that represent an airline in a
specific geographical area.
 Non-IATA agencies: they are agents that propose similar services to the
IATA agency.

 The handling agent

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 The handling agent is a service provider for airlines to proceed with the reception
of the cargo and carrying out the set of handling operations:
 Unloading of merchandise
 Storage of the goods.
 Transportation preparation
 packaged for boarding on the plane.
In addition to these main missions, the handling agent is also responsible for
assistance to the aircraft on the ground and for cleaning and supplying the aircraft.

 The General Sales Agent

The General Sales Agent, also known as the General Sales Agent, is the sales
representative of an airline in a specific geographical area.

 The Carrier
The airlines that transport goods are distinguished in several categories:
 Exclusive freight companies that do not carry passengers.
 Joint ventures that transport goods in the passenger hold.

 Customs and administrative services

Customs authorizes the entry and exit of goods in the territory of a country of the
European Union.
Veterinary and plant protection services are also requested for the phytosanitary
verification of perishable products and live animals.

14. Airports with greater movement in cargo

During 2017, world trade grew 4.3%, according to the International Air Transport
Association (IATA), while air movement grew 9% in demand.
In this regard, it is worth noting that in 2017, more than 118 million tons (ton) were
transported by air, according to the International Airports Council, with 50 million
618,497 tons through 20 airports.

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POSITION CITY COUNTRY LOAD IN TONS

1 HONG KONG CHINA 5 049 898

2 MEMPHIS EEUU 4 336 752

3 SHANGAI CHINA 3 824 280

4 INCHEON SOUTH KOREA 2 921 691

5 ANCHORAGE EEUU 2 713 230

6 DUBAI ARAB EMIRATES 2 654 494

7 LOUSVILLE EEUU 2 602 695

8 TOKIO JAPON 2 336 427

9 TAIPEI CHINA 2 269 585

10 PARIS FRANCE 2 195 229

11 FRANKFURT GERMANY 2 194 056

12 SINGAPORE SINGAPORE 2 164 700

13 THE ANGELS EEUU 2 158 324

14 MIAMI EEUU 2 071 722

15 BEIJING CHINA 2 029 584

16 DOHA CATAR 2 020 942

17 LONDON UNITED KINGDOM 1 794 276

18 GUANGZHOU CHINA 1 780 423

19 AMSTERDAM NETHERLANDS 1 778 382

20 CHICAGO EEUU 1 721 807

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15. Air transport in Colombia
The cargo terminals of the airports of Bogotá, Rionegro, Cali and Barranquilla, a cargo of
the National Infrastructure Agency (ANI), led the ranking of product and merchandise
mobilization by air in Colombia. Of the 924 thousand tons that move per year by this
means of transport in the country, 894 thousand do so for these four airports:
equivalent to the weight of 12,000 loaded A320 passenger aircraft.
The El Dorado airport in Bogotá has the largest, most efficient and modern cargo terminal
in the country, moves around 700 thousand tons per year and is classified as the first in
South America. At the José María Córdova airport, the current terminal is being expanded
and modernized and a new one is being built at the Ernesto Cortissoz airport in
Barranquilla, where the cargo and parcel operation will be transferred.
"The increase in technology, efficiency and safety in cargo operations, as well as the
strengthening of air connectivity and the logistics chain, have been a priority for the
Government of President Iván Duque and the Minister of Transportation Ángela María
Orozco, in its purpose of building an equitable country, reviving the economy and
fostering greater opportunities for the regions, "said Louis Kleyn, president of the ANI.
Cargo terminals are exclusive spaces in airports for the processing, reception, loading and
unloading of goods, both nationally and internationally, which have the infrastructure,
equipment and logistics for the functional and safe operation of the cargo, in accordance
with current regulations and required by the authorities. It serves the cargo of specialized
airlines such as Avianca Cargo, Centurion Cargo, UPS, Aerosucre, Copa Cargo, Cargolux,
Latam Cargo, Air Canada Cargo, Fedex and DHL, among others, and commercial
passenger flights.
The proper operation of a cargo terminal allows reducing costs and transport times by
improving the logistics of delivery, receipt and distribution of goods, and by improving
connectivity with other modes of transport, such as road, rail, river and sea.

15.1. Bogota El Dorado Airport

It has three cargo terminals, one for the handling of national cargo and two for
international operation, as well as an Administrative Load Center.

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 It has 25 parking spaces for aircraft that can load and unload automatically and
207,000 square meters of platform and taxiways, equivalent to 25 professional
soccer fields.
In addition, it has 63 doors for operations on the air side, 214 docks for loading
and unloading on land, 71,000 square meters in warehouses and offices, and
50,000 square meters for consolidation and load transfer.
Flowers, appliances, fruits and fabrics are mainly exported from El Dorado
airport; They operate around 20 drivers, mainly foreigners, connecting
Colombia with the south, center and north of America and Europe.
In El Dorado cargo terminals, managed by the OPAIN dealership, about 3,000
thousand people operate and national and international courier and parcel
services from different companies are offered.

15.2. José María Córdova de Rionegro Airport (Antioquia)

At this airport, which serves Medellín and its neighboring municipalities, the
ANI, through the Airplan SA concessionaire, modernizes and expands the cargo
terminal, which has more than 76% progress to date and will become the first in
the country with a single inspection area of authorities such as Dian, ICA,
INVIMA and the Anti-Narcotics Police, which will accelerate the import and
export import logistics process.
In the terminal the expansion of warehouses and buildings is carried out, which
will leave it with an area of 27,595 square meters. The platform will be
expanded to 33,623 m2 and a new connection street with the 15,200 m2 track
will be built. Up to 6 planes can be received simultaneously on the platform.
This work generates around 300 direct jobs.
Through the airport's cargo terminal, José María Córdova moves around
125,000 tons of cargo per year (equivalent to 1,500 A320 commercial aircraft
loaded), and operates 8 controls between nationals and foreigners. From
Rionegro, we mainly export flowers to the United States and import special
cargo such as technology, supplies, live animals and equipment.

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15.3. Alfonso Bonilla Aragón Airport in Cali
The cargo terminal has a total area of 30,774 m2, the equivalent of 4
professional soccer fields, which include the building and the platform for
aircraft parking. More than 30,000 tons of cargo are transported there every
year, including clothing, chemicals, diaper raw materials, soaps, medicines and
machinery, among others.
From this airport there is a direct cargo service with Bogotá, Rionegro and in
connection with the United States, Lima, Quito and Panama. They land 4
speeds specialized in loading. About 130 direct jobs are in the terminal.

15.4. Barranquilla Ernesto Cortissoz Airport

This airport currently has a cargo terminal that operates attached to the
passenger terminal. However, within the airport modernization project
developed by ANI and developed by the concessionaire of the Caribbean
Airport Group, a new infrastructure is built that to date has progress of over
65%.
The new cargo terminal will have a 49,000 m2 platform, the approximate
equivalent of six soccer fields, and a 6,600 m2 building that will meet the
requirements of the Customs Statute, which requires the existence of the Single
Inspection Zone ( ZUI), with the concurrence of the different airport authorities,
according to competence and nature of the international cargo.
Cortissoz's air export is mainly directed to the United States. An average of
31,200 tons per year are mobilized between conventional courier, spare parts
for machinery and equipment, perishable products, medicines (empty capsules)
and skins, among others. This new terminal is projected in Barranquilla as a
large logistics center in the Caribbean.

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16. Bibliography
Agencia Nacional de Infraestructura
https://www.ani.gov.co/en-colombia-operan-cuatro-de-las-terminales-de-carga-aerea-mas-
modernas-de-suramerica
El portal del transporte y la logística
http://www.logisticaytransporte.es
Formación en transporte (web dedicada a la formación en transporte de mercancías)
www.formacionentransporte.es
Transport League
https://www.transportleague.com/history-air-transport.html
Ibera
https://www.iberia.com/co/flota/iberia/A340-600/
Boeing
https://www.boeing.es/productos-y-servicios/commercial-airplanes/777.page
Naotum Maritime
https://www.noatummaritime.com/tipo-de-contenedores-aereos-estandar/
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OAG, R. d. (25 de Junio de 2018). Hosteltur. Obtenido de Hosteltur:
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movimiento-carga

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