Modern Methods in The Architectural Docu PDF
Modern Methods in The Architectural Docu PDF
Modern Methods in The Architectural Docu PDF
GIS ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ-ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔ
:ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ •
ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻪ ﻤـﻥ
.ﺃﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﻌﻴﺵ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺼﻌﺏ ﻴﺤﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
ﻟﻘﺩ ﺸﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺘﻘﺩﻤﺎﹰ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎﹰ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺍﹰ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻴﻴﺭ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺌﻠﺔ
ﻭﻤﻥ، ﺤﻴﺙ ﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﺯﺍﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺌﺩﺓ،ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻴﺔ
ﺍﻷﻭل ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤـﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠـﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ:ﻫﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻯ ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻌﻴﺩﻴﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺨﻠﻕ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺇﻋﻼﻤﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ
.ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻴﺼﺎﻟﻪ ﻷﻜﺒﺭ ﻗﺩﺭ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ
ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻭل ﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﺎﻥ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﻜﺯﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻤﺴﺔ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻤﺜـل ﺍﻟﻤﺤـﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﻭل
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ،ﺒﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ" ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ،ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺨـﺎﻤﺱ،( ﻜﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﻴﺔGIS)ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ "ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ
.ﻭﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ
ABSTRACT:
The process of architectural documentation of archaeological sites in Palestine is considered as one of
the most important means to preserve this heritage that is threatened by damage, destruction and
distortion, especially because of the difficult political situation in the region. At the end of the last
century, the world has witnessed advanced technology, which as been exploited in the management of all
aspects of life through features that enjoyed enormous privileges compared with traditional methods.
Therefore, it is necessary to make use of this progress and exploited it to achieve the greatest possible
benefits. So, it is necessary to exploit this on two levels: first, the use of modern technology in the
documentation process of the architectural heritage in Palestine and second, creation of new mechanisms
based on the techniques of communication and media to introduce the Palestinian architectural heritage
and highlight the cultural identity of Palestine and to communicate it to the widest possible global
audience through the use of different languages. In order to achieve the objective of the study, the
research dealt with a scientific methodology based on four main topics. The first stage of the study
represents the main concepts of the architectural documentation process of archaeological sites, while the
second point has dealt with the reality of architectural documentation of archaeological sites in Palestine.
The third section dealt with the study of modern methods in architectural documentation, "Digital
Archiving". The fourth part has dealt with the experience of "Iwan Center" in archiving and documenting
of archaeological sites in the Old Town of Gaza City using (GIS), as a case study. The fifth and final
subject dealt with the main findings and recommendations of the study.
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• ﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ:
ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ -ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ -ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ -ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ -ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
• ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ:
-ﺇﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﻨﺎ ﻤﻥ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻴﺤﺘﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻭﺭﺜﻨﺎﻩ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ
ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﻟﻨﺅﻜﺩ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻫﻡ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ
ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺍﻹﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻲ ﻴﺤﺎﻭل ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺴﺏ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﺘﺄﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻌﺒﺭ
ﻋﻥ ﻋﺭﻭﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺴﻼﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ.
-ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﺴﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻤﺤﻔﻭﻅﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺩﺜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺯﻭﻴﺭ.
-ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻟﻬـﺫﻩ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻼﻤﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ.
• ﺃﻫﺩﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ:
ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻤﻨﻬـﺎ ﻓـﻲ
ﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﺎﹰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺃﻁﻠﺱ ﻟﻠﺘـﺭﺍﺙ
ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ.
• ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ:
-ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل.
-ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ.
-ﻋﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ.
-ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ.
-ﻤﻌﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﻼل ﺍﻻﺴﺭﺍﺌﻴﻠﻰ.
• ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ:
ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ "ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ )(GIS ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ
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.1ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨل ﻟﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ:
1.1ﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ:
§ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ:
ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻗﺩﻡ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻗﺭﺏ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺤـﺩﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀـﻲ
ﻭﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭﻩ ﻭﻤﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻀﻭﺀ ﺍﻷﺤﺩﺍﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ]. [13
§ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ:
ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﻘﺎﺌﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ
ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﺼﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻜل ﻋﻨﺼﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ.
§ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ:
ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻋﺎﺵ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻤﻥ 100ﻋﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻁﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺫﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ،ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺘﻤﺜل
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ ﺒﺈﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﻁﻲ
ﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﺱ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﻭﻋﺔ ﻭﻴﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻨﺭﻏﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺇﺒﺩﺍﻋﻪ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴـﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯﻴﺔ]. [11
3
.2ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ:
ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺩﻫﻭﺭ ﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ
ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺏ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻓﺼل ﺘﺎﻡ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ ،ﻓﻬﻨـﺎﻙ
ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 1948ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ،ﻭﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟـﺴﺒﺏ
ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺩﻓﻊ ﻨﺤﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻤل ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻴﻬـﺎ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺭﻭﺜﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻨﺩﺜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﻉ.
4
(2ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ "ﺭﻭﺍﻕ":
ﺘﺄﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﺎﻡ 1991ﻡ ،ﻭﻫﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻻ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻟﻠﺭﺒﺢ ﻤﻘﺭﻩ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻴﻬـﺩﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯ
ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ]: [16
-ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺃﺭﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺭ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﹰ ﺘﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ.
-ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ.
-ﺘﻨﻔﻴﺫ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ .
-ﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺒﺠﺭﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻥ ﺃﻟﻑ ﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺃﺜﺭﻱ.
(4ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ:
ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺒﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ،ﻭﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺨﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ
ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺃﺨﺫﻫﺎ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻴﺭ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺘﺤﺘﻔﻅ ﺒـﺫﻟﻙ
ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻷﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻌﻠﻕ ﺒﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ
ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻭﺭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻭﺍﺭﻉ ﺒﺎﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ].[2
5
.3ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ" ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ":
ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻭﻟﻭﺠﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺸﻬﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ ،ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ
ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﻁﺭﻕ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻁﺭﻕ ﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ.
ﺸﻜل ) :(2ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺟﮭﺎز Photo Metric Camera ﺩﻗﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻴﺠﻤﻊ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ -اﻟﺒﺎز ،ﻣﻨﯿﺮ )(2006 ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻭﻴﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ.
6
§ ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ /ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ):(Close Range Photogrametry
ﻭﻫﻰ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﺘﻭﺠﺭﺍﻤﺘﺭﻯ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﺨـﺫ ﻟﻘﻁـﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﻌـﺩﺩﺓ
ﻟﻭﺍﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺝ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻜﺎﻤﻴﺭﺍﺕ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻴﺘﻡ ﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼـﺼﺔ
ﻤﺜل ) (Photo Modelerﻤﻥ ﺃﺠل ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ]-[ 6ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺸﻜل).(4
ﺸﻜل) :(6ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺸﻜل) :(5ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺟﮭﺎز 3D Laser Scanning
3D Laser Scanning ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ -اﻟﺒﺎز ،ﻣﻨﯿﺮ )(2006
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ -اﻟﺒﺎز ،ﻣﻨﯿﺮ )(2006
7
3.2ﺍﻷﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ:
ﺸﻜل) :(7ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﺭﻀﻲ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ﺨﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻙ -ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ -ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯ ،ﻤﻨﻴﺭ )(2006
ﺸــﺭﺥ ﺭﻗــﻡ
ﺃﺤﺠــــﺎﺭ
§ ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ /ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ:
ﺒﻴــﺎﺽ ...
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻔـﺎﻅ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﻜﺴﻭﺓ ﺭﺨﺎﻡ
ـﺭ
ﺤﺠــــ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗـﻊ ،ﺤﻴـﺙ ﻴﻤﻜـﻥ
ﺃﺤﺠﺎ ﻜﺴﻭﺓ ﺭﺨـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨـﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨـﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﺜـﺭﻱ
ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻁـﻭﺏ
ﺸﺒﺎﻙ ﺨﺭﻁ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟـﻙ
ﻜﺴﻭﺓ ﺭﺨﺎﻡ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﺒﻴﺎﺽ ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ )ﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺤﺠﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ (..ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫـﺎ
ﺸﻜل) :(8ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ -ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺸﻜل).(8
ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ -ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ)(2007
8
3.3ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ " ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ":
§ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ /ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻭﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﹼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ:
ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻹﺠﺭﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﺎﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨـﻼل ﺘـﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ
ﻭﻭﻀﻊ ﺒﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻴﻔﻴﻪ ﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﻪ ﺒﺩﺀﺍ ﻤـﻥ
ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻨﺸﺄﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﺒﺭﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺠﺭﻴﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ]. [4
ﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
-ﺘﻘﺴﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺩﻓﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ .
-ﺠﻤﻊ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﻴﺔ.
-ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻟﺠﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﻠﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺩﺀ ﺒﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺤﺘﻭﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﻓﺭﺍﻏـﺎﺕ ﺘﺤـﻴﻁ ﺒـﻪ
ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺩﻭﻴﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺤﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ،ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ
ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ.
-ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ،ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺭﺓ ﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ .
ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ ﺃﻫﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﻹﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
-ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻁﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺠﻠﹼﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺜﻘﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ .
-ﺭﺒﻁ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ "ﺍﻹﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ" ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﺃﻓﻀل ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ.
-ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺒﻭﺍﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺒﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﺒﺂﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺼل ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺤﻠﻘـﺔ
ﻭﺼل ﻟﻠﺨﺒﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻤﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ
ﺨﺒﺭﺍﺘﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎل .
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§ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ/ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺒﻁ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ):(GIS
ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ /ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ) (GISﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ:
ﺘﺒﺭﺯ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ " "GISﻓﻲ ﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ،ﺇﺫ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺩﺭﺍﺕ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺇﺩﺨﺎل ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻭﺤﻔﻅ ﻭﺘﺤﺩﻴﺙ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺃﻫﻡ ﻤﻤﻴﺯﺍﺘﻬﺎ]:[5
-ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺘﻡ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻘﻪ.
-ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ " "GISﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺸﻜﺎل ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻟـﻀﺭﺭ ﺍﻟـﺫﻱ
ﻴﺼﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﻸﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻕ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ.
-ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻫﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﺃﺴﻬل ﻟﻠﻘﺭﺍﺀ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ
ﻤﺨﺘﺼﻴﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﺎﺩﻴﻴﻥ.
-ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺃﺤﺩ ﻤﺨﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﻭﺴﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻤﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻟﻭﺼﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻴـﺎﻥ
ﻨﺼﻲ ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩﻱ.
-ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ " "GISﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴـﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺼـﻔﺤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻻﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻭﺼﺩﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤـﺎﺕ ﻤـﻥ
ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻅﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ.
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.4ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ "ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ):(GIS
ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ "ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺼﻴﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ
ﺘﻡ ﺘﺄﺴﻴﺴﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ 2000م ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﺴﻤﻰ" ﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ" ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ
ﺜﻡ ﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ" ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﻭﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻓﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ" ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ-ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ-
" ﻤﻨﺫ ﻋﺎﻡ 2009ﺤﺘﻰ ﺍﻵﻥ ،ﻭﻴﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﻤﻭﻅﻔـﻭﻥ
ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﻴﺸﻐل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺃﺨﺭﻯ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻥ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺘﻤﻭﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ.
ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﻗﺎﻡ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ "ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ " "GISﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺴـﻌﻴﺎﹰ
ﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﻜﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ ﻭﺘﻘﺩﻴﻡ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻟﺨﺩﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﻴﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ،ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺘـﻡ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﻴﻥ ]:[14
§ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ:
ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﻤﻌﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻁﻠﺏ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻜﺎﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﻭﺠـﺩﺍﻭل
ﺍﻷﻀﺭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴل ،ﻭﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﺇﻋﻁﺎﺀ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﺘﻔـﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ
ﻤﺜل ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﺒﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﺭﺽ ﺜﻼﺜﻲ ﺍﻷﺒﻌـﺎﺩ ﻟـﺒﻌﺽ
ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ؛ ﻤﺜل ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻲ ).[7] (Virtual Reality
ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﺭﺽ ﻟﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ) -(GISﺍﻨﻅﺭ
ﺸﻜل):(11
ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ GIS
ﺸﻜل ) : (11ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻤﺭﺍﺤل ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ GIS
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
§ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ /ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ:
ﺘﺸﻤل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ .
11
أ -ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﻋـﺎﻡ
1948ﻡ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻜﺘﺄﺴﻴﺱ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ ﻟﺘﺸﻤل ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ
ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ .ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻀﻤﻥ ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻜﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ ﻟﻴﺸﻤل ﺨﻤﺱ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅـﺎﺕ
ﻜﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ) ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎل ،ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ،ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻰ ،ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺨﺎﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ،ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺭﻓـﺢ ( ﻟﻴـﺘﻡ ﺭﺒـﻁ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻜل ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺸﻜل). (12
ﺸﻜل) :(12ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﻊ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
ﺏ -ﺘﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ-ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺸﻜل):(13
-ﺍﻟﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ)ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺝ ،ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺘﻭﻥ ،ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ( .
-ﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ) ﺒﻴﻭﺕ ،ﻤﺴﺎﺠﺩ ،ﻤﻘﺎﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻜﻨﺎﺌﺱ ،ﺃﺴﻭﺍﻕ ،ﻗﺼﻭﺭ ،ﺤﻤﺎﻤﺎﺕ ،ﻤﻘﺎﺒﺭ .(..
-ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ)ﺠﻴﺩﺓ – ﺴﻴﺌﺔ – ﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﺠﺩﺍ(.
-ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ) ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺭﻤﻠﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺤﺠﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺭﻱ ،ﺍﻟﺭﺨﺎﻡ( .
-ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻁ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ )ﻋﻘﺩ ،ﺠﺴﻭﺭ ﺤﺎﻤﻠﺔ ،ﺒﺎﻁﻭﻥ ،ﺴﻘﻑ ﺨﺸﺒﻲ ﻤﻐﻁﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻘﺭﻤﻴﺩ( .
12
§ ﺜﺎﻟﺜﺎﹰ /ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ:
ﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﺨﻭل ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﻭﺤﺫﻑ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﻭﺘﻤﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺨﻁﻭﺘﻴﻥ:
ﺸﻜل) :(14ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻷﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ )ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ(
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
13
ﺸﻜل) :(15ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺼﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ )ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ(
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
ﺸﻜل) :(16ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻁ ﺍﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ )ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ(
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
ﺸﻜل) :(17ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺭﺍﺽ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ )ﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺘﻭ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ(
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
14
§ ﺭﺍﺒﻌﺎﹰ /ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﻅﻴﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ:
ﺘﻀﻡ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺭﺘﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺇﺩﺨﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺼﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﺩﻴـﺩﺓ
ﺘﺴﺎﻫﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻁﻁ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺩﺨل ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ ﻏـﺯﺓ
ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻜل ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺴﻌﻴﺎﹰ ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺤﻴﺎﺌﻬﺎ ،ﻓﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻨﺠـﺎﺯ ﻫـﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﺭﺒﻁﻬﺎ ﺒﻘﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻩ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺴـﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ
ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ .
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺠﻭﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺤﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴـﻴﺌﺔ
ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺠﺩﻭل ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜل ). (18
ﺸﻜل) :(18ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻭﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺠﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺝ ﻭﺤﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻨﺸﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺴﻴﺌﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ– ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ" ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" )) - (2007ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺼﺭﻑ(
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻴﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺒﺎﻹﻀـﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﺍﻹﺨـﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﻴـﺯ ﻟﻠﺨـﺭﺍﺌﻁ
ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﺍﻭل ،ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺌﻡ ﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻤﻭﻗﻌﻪ ﺤـﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻴﻨـﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻪ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﺒﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻟﻠﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ
ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ:
-ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼل ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺩﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺴﻬﻴل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻤﺔ
ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﺄﻗﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻕ ﻭﺒﺄﻗل ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻑ ،ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺃﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘـﺭﻤﻴﻡ
ﻭﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﺜﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺼﺭﻑ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ
ﺍﻷﻤﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ.
-ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ﺃﻓـﻀل ﺨﻴـﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻅﻴـﻑ
ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﻤﻴﻤﻪ ،ﻜﺄﻥ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻐﻼﻟﻪ ﻜﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺭﻭﻀﺔ ﺃﻁﻔﺎل ﺇﻟﻰ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ.
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.5ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﺎﺕ:
(1ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻨﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﺴﺦ ﺒﺄﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻵﺜﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺭﺼﻴﺩ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ
ﻭﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ ﺘﺭﺒﻁﻪ ﺒﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ.
(2ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺸﻤل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ
ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺃﺘﻘﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﺴﻼﻓﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﻴﻥ ﻭﻤﻨﻬﺎ)ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺯﺭﺍﻥ ،ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل
ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ،ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻁ ،ﺍﻟﻐﺯل ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺭﻴﺯ،ﺘﻠﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺯﺠﺎﺝ.(..
(3ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻭﺃﺭﺸﻔﺔ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ
)ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻷﻁﻠﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺍﺙ( ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ
ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ ﺒﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺴﻭﺍﺀ
ﺒﺎﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﺎﻡ 48ﻭﻓﻰ ﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺘﻤﺔ.
(4ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﺎﺌل ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺜﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ( ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ.
(5ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺌﻭﻟﻴﻥ ﺒﺄﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ.
(6ﻀﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺘﻭﻓﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻋﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻨﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺒﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﻭﺍﻋﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
(7ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺅﻫﻼﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺇﺭﺴﺎل
ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻘﻁﺎﺏ ﺃﺼﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺭﺍﺕ.
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ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ :
] [1ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯ ،ﻤﻨﻴﺭ) " (2006ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺸﺎﺭﻴﻊ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻭﻅﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ " -ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ
ﻤﺎﺠﺴﺘﻴﺭ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ -ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ.
] [2ﺒﻠﺩﻴﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ ) " (1996ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ " ﻗﻁﺎﻉ ﻏﺯﺓ -ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
] [3ﺒﻠﻌﺎﻭﻱ ،ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ) " (2010ﻤﺤﺎﻀﺭﺓ ﺒﻌﻨﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻥ " – ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴـﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌـﺔ
ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ -ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ .
] [4ﺒﻭﺠﻤﻌﺔ ،ﺨﻠﻑ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ) " (2009ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ
ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ" -ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻴﻠﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺯﺍﺌﺭ.
] [5ﺠﺯﻤﺎﺘﻲ ،ﺴﺎﻤﺢ ) " (2002ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ " -ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ.
] [6ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ،ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ) " (2005ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺃﺴﺎﻟﻴﺏ "ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ" ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺩ ﺜﻼﺜﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻌـﺎﺩ ﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗـﻊ ﺘـﺭﺍﺙ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻠﺔ " – ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ -ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ -ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘـﺼﺩﺭ
ﻋﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﺭﺍ– ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻗﺎﺯﻴﻕ – ﻓﺭﻉ ﺒﻨﻬﺎ – ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ.
] [7ﺠﻌﻔﺭ ،ﺃﺸﺭﻑ ) " (2004ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺭﺍﻀﻰ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻯ ﺜﻼﺜﻰ ﺍﻷﺒﻌـﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻔـﺎﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻘـﺎﺒﺭ
ﺍﻟﻔﺭﻋﻭﻨﻴﺔ " – ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ -ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ -ﺩﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ﺒﺸﺒﺭﺍ– ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ
ﺍﻟﺯﻗﺎﺯﻴﻕ – ﻓﺭﻉ ﺒﻨﻬﺎ – ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻰ .
] [8ﺍﻟﻁﺒﺎﻉ ،ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ) " (1999ﺇﺘﺤﺎﻑ ﺍﻷﻋﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻏﺯﺓ " -ﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺯﺠﻲ ،ﻏﺯﺓ – ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
] [9ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻑ ،ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ) " (1943ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﻏﺯﺓ " -ﻤﻁﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻷﻴﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺩﺱ ،ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ -ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
] [10ﻋﻠﻴﺎﻥ ،ﺠﻤﺎل ) " (2005ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ – ﻨﺤﻭ ﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﻋﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺘﻪ "-
ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻜﺘﺏ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻓﺔ ،ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻜﻭﻴﺕ.
] [11ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺽ ،ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ) " (1995ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻋﻬﺎ " -ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤـﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘـﺎﺏ،
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ - -ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ.
] [12ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻴﺽ ،ﺴﻠﻴﻡ ) " (1995ﻏﺯﺓ ﻭﻗﻁﺎﻋﻬﺎ " -ﺍﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺏ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺭﺓ -ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ.
] [13ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ،ﺃﻤل ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﺭﺙ ﻭ ﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ) " (2005ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍﻟﺜﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ " -ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻥ ،ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﺔ ،ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺃﺴﻴﻭﻁ -ﺠﻤﻬﻭﺭﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ.
] [14ﻤﺤﻴﺴﻥ ،ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ) " (2008ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻴﺨﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ
ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ " -ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺘﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺩﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ،ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ ،ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ– ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
] [15ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺍﺙ " ﺇﻴﻭﺍﻥ" ) " (2007ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺘﻭﺜﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻴﻤﺔ ﻏﺯﺓ " -ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴـﺔ،
ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻐﺯﺓ– ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
] [16ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ " ﺭﻭﺍﻕ " ) " (2011ﺍﻟﺴﺠل ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﺜﺭﻴﺔ " -ﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﻟﻀﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺒﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻠﺴﻁﻴﻥ.
[17] Early, John, 2003: Building Conservation Philosophy, 3 rd edition , Donhead.
[18] UNESCO- ICCROM, 2003 "Introducing young people to heritage site
management and protection " first published, UNESCO Amman office – Jordan.
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