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    Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Theory & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript

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    Andrei Postolache
    Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. Each stage is defined by a conflict between opposing tendencies that affects personality and identity formation. The stages include: 1) Trust vs. Mistrust in infancy 2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt in toddlerhood 3) Initiative vs. Guilt in early childhood 4) Industry vs. Inferiority in middle childhood 5) Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence 6) Intimacy vs. Isolation in young adulthood 7) Generativity vs. Stagnation in middle adulthood 8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair in late adulthood. Erikson's theory emphasizes how our emotional lives and social

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    Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Theory & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript

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    Andrei Postolache
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    Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. Each stage is defined by a conflict between opposing tendencies that affects personality and identity formation. The stages include: 1) Trust vs. Mistrust in infancy 2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt in toddlerhood 3) Initiative vs. Guilt in early childhood 4) Industry vs. Inferiority in middle childhood 5) Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence 6) Intimacy vs. Isolation in young adulthood 7) Generativity vs. Stagnation in middle adulthood 8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair in late adulthood. Erikson's theory emphasizes how our emotional lives and social

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    Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development_ Theory & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript _ Study.com

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    Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. Each stage is defined by a conflict between opposing tendencies that affects personality and identity formation. The stages include: 1) Trust vs. Mistrust in infancy 2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt in toddlerhood 3) Initiative vs. Guilt in early childhood 4) Industry vs. Inferiority in middle childhood 5) Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence 6) Intimacy vs. Isolation in young adulthood 7) Generativity vs. Stagnation in middle adulthood 8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair in late adulthood. Erikson's theory emphasizes how our emotional lives and social

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    92 views3 pages

    Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development - Theory & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript

    Uploaded by

    Andrei Postolache
    Erik Erikson proposed 8 stages of psychosocial development across the lifespan. Each stage is defined by a conflict between opposing tendencies that affects personality and identity formation. The stages include: 1) Trust vs. Mistrust in infancy 2) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt in toddlerhood 3) Initiative vs. Guilt in early childhood 4) Industry vs. Inferiority in middle childhood 5) Identity vs. Role Confusion in adolescence 6) Intimacy vs. Isolation in young adulthood 7) Generativity vs. Stagnation in middle adulthood 8) Ego Integrity vs. Despair in late adulthood. Erikson's theory emphasizes how our emotional lives and social

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    Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development: Theory & Examples

    Lesson Transcript

    Cite this lesson


    How do we form identities as we age and grow? To answer this question, Erik Erikson came up with eight stages of identity
    formation that revolve around con ict and resolution. Who are you, and who will you become after completing this
    lesson?

    Forming Psychological Identities


    How do we develop an identity, or a sense of self? Psychologists have many theories. One, named Erik
    Erikson, believed that we work on constructing psychosocial identities throughout our whole lives. By
    'psychosocial,' he meant an interplay between our inner, emotional lives (psycho), and our outer, social
    circumstances (social).

    Erikson believed that as we grow and age, we pass through eight stages of development. He thought that
    each stage was de ned by a speci c con ict between a pair of opposing impulses or behaviors. The
    resolution (or inability to resolve) these con icts a ects our personalities and identities.

    Psychosocial refers to an interplay between our emotional lives and our social circumstances

    Erikson de nes four childhood stages and three adult stages, bridged together by one stage of
    adolescence. We'll go through each stage and de ne it by its central con ict, as well we give some
    examples of behaviors and patterns of thinking characteristic of the stage.

    Oral-Sensory Stage
    The rst is the oral-sensory stage, encompassing the rst year of life and de ned by a con ict between
    trust and mistrust. Infants during this time learn to trust their parents if they're reliably cared for and fed;
    if not, if they're neglected or abused, they'll develop mistrust instead. Infants at this stage either learn that
    they can trust others to ful ll their needs, or that they can't, that the world is a dangerous and unreliable
    place.

    Muscular-Anal Stage
    The second stage is called muscular-anal and de ned by the con ict between autonomy and shame and
    doubt. Parents who allow their toddlers, between the ages of about 1-3, to explore their surroundings and
    develop interests of their own help to foster a sense of autonomy. But parents who are too restrictive or
    cautious with their children can instead leave them with doubt about their abilities. Like learning mistrust
    instead of trust, this can have longstanding consequences.

    Locomotor Stage
    A related con ict between initiative and guilt de nes the next stage, the locomotor stage. Children in this
    stage, between the ages of three and six, need to develop initiative, or independent decision-making,
    about planning and doing various activities. If they are not encouraged to do this, or if their e orts are
    dismissed, they may learn to feel guilt instead about their desire for independence.

    Latency
    The last childhood stage is called latency and is de ned by a con ict between industry and inferiority.
    Children in this stage are between the ages of six and twelve, and during this time are starting to gain real
    adult skills like reading, writing and logic. If they're encouraged, they'll develop industry, or motivation to
    keep learning and practicing; they'll start to want to be productive instead of just wanting to play. Children
    who aren't encouraged to work hard at learning new skills will instead feel inferior and unmotivated.

    Adolescence

    Adolescents are primarily concerned with nding a personal identity

    We're halfway there! Around age twelve, children start entering the fth stage, adolescence. Adolescents
    are primarily concerned with nding a personal identity, and may experiment with many identities and
    express it with music choices, clothing or who they hang out with. But if they're unable to commit to an
    identity, or regret the identity they've chosen, they may experience role confusion in the form of an
    identity crisis. Though what we think of now as adolescence ends with the teenage years, Erikson saw this
    stage potentially lasting into the twenties and as a key feature of 'coming of age.'

    Young Adulthood
    Erikson next characterized the struggles of young adulthood, which he thought was characterized by a
    struggle between intimacy and isolation. At this stage, adults have formed their identities and start
    looking for close, reciprocal relationships like marriage. If they cannot nd such relationships, or can't keep
    them, they may start to feel isolated instead.

    Middle Adulthood
    Next is middle adulthood, de ned by generativity vs stagnation. Adults at this stage, typically between
    ages 40 and 65, start to wonder if they've really done enough with their lives, and if they've produced
    things of value. If they feel they haven't, they may experience a sense of stagnation.

    Late Adulthood
    The late adulthood stage is de ned by a con ict between ego integrity and despair

    Finally, Erikson theorized the late adulthood stage of life as de ned by a con ict between ego integrity
    and despair. Adults at this stage, usually over age 65, feel content if they look back at their lives and feel
    they've been productive and happy. If not, they may feel despair, or like they've been wasting their time.

    Conclusion
    Of course, not everyone has agreed that Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development are
    accurate. Some psychologists accuse it of being so broad and vague that it is impossible to falsify: it's so all-
    encompassing that you can't prove it right or wrong. Nonetheless, Erikson is especially signi cant for
    contributing a uid theory of identity that can change over our whole lifespan.

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