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    What Is Electrosurgery?

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    Riya
    Electrosurgery uses high frequency electrical current to cut, coagulate, and destroy tissue. It works by heating tissue through its water content. Monopolar electrosurgery uses one active electrode and a dispersive pad, while bipolar uses two similar electrodes mounted close together. Different waveforms and modes are used for cutting, coagulation, blending, and desiccation. Electrosurgery is commonly used in many surgical specialties but risks include fires and patient burns if not used properly.

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    What Is Electrosurgery?

    Uploaded by

    Riya
    52 views4 pages
    Electrosurgery uses high frequency electrical current to cut, coagulate, and destroy tissue. It works by heating tissue through its water content. Monopolar electrosurgery uses one active electrode and a dispersive pad, while bipolar uses two similar electrodes mounted close together. Different waveforms and modes are used for cutting, coagulation, blending, and desiccation. Electrosurgery is commonly used in many surgical specialties but risks include fires and patient burns if not used properly.

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    Study of electrosurgery machine

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    electrosurgery

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    Electrosurgery uses high frequency electrical current to cut, coagulate, and destroy tissue. It works by heating tissue through its water content. Monopolar electrosurgery uses one active electrode and a dispersive pad, while bipolar uses two similar electrodes mounted close together. Different waveforms and modes are used for cutting, coagulation, blending, and desiccation. Electrosurgery is commonly used in many surgical specialties but risks include fires and patient burns if not used properly.

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    52 views4 pages

    What Is Electrosurgery?

    Uploaded by

    Riya
    Electrosurgery uses high frequency electrical current to cut, coagulate, and destroy tissue. It works by heating tissue through its water content. Monopolar electrosurgery uses one active electrode and a dispersive pad, while bipolar uses two similar electrodes mounted close together. Different waveforms and modes are used for cutting, coagulation, blending, and desiccation. Electrosurgery is commonly used in many surgical specialties but risks include fires and patient burns if not used properly.

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    ELECTROSURGERY

    WHAT IS ELECTROSURGERY?
     Electrosurgery is the use of high frequency electrical energy in the radio transmission frequency (RF) band
    applied directly to tissue for cutting, destroying tissue and stopping blood flow.
     Electrosurgery is used on nearly every soft tissue in the human body. The energy introduced by
    electrosurgery reacts with water molecules within the cells of the tissue being treated. During surgery the
    tissue and blood vessels are cut, which causes bleeding. To prevent too much blood loss and to keep the
    operation field free of excess blood, electrosurgical units are used.
     Different modes of operation can be set. The monopolar mode (single electrode) is used for cutting and
    coagulation, the bipolar mode (forceps like electrode) is used mainly for destroying tissue.
     Electrosurgery is not the same as electrocautery. Electrocautery uses direct current (dc) to heat
    electrodes that are used to produce coagulation.

    PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
    In monopolar electro surgery, tissue is cut and coagulated by completion of an electrical circuit that includes a high
    frequency oscillator and amplifiers within the ESU, the patient, the connecting cables, and the electrodes. In most
    applications, electric current from the ESU is conducted through the surgical site with an active cable and
    electrode. The electrosurgical current exits the patient through a dispersive electrode (usually placed on the
    patient at a site remote from the surgical site) and its associated cable connected to the neutral side of the
    generator. In bipolar electro surgery, two electrodes (generally, the two tips of a pair of forceps or scissors) serve
    as the equivalent of the active and return electrodes in the M mode.
    WHAT ELECTROSURGERY DOES?
    An electric current with a frequency of about 500 kHz is used to cut and coagulate tissue. This process involves
    applying an RF (radio frequency) spark between a probe and the tissue. The electric current through the tissue
    heats up the tissue and evaporates the water in the cell destroying it. This achieves special surgical effects namely
    cutting coagulation and desiccation. The voltage on the electrode is between 1000-10000 V. these units should not
    be used on a person with a pacemaker.

    MONOPOLAR
     In monopolar electrosurgery, one electrode is active and is used to introduce current into tissue. The
    other electrode is the dispersive or return electrode and is in the form of a large flexible pad. Dispersive
    connection to the patient is by the means of capacitive coupling which works through normal street
    clothing without direct skin contact so that the patient reclines against the dispersive pad completing the
    electrical circuit.
     The active electrode is much smaller in the surface area that the dispersive electrode so that current is
    highly concentrated in the area being treated. Current is distributed over a larger area and prevent tissue
    damage or significant heat build-up on the patient
     Monopolar electrosurgical current flow- Current is concentrated at the active electrode to produce
    cutting or coagulation; it is dispersed at the return electrode to prevent patient burns.

    BIPOLAR
     In bipolar electrosurgery, both electrodes are the same or similar size and are mounted on a common
    hand piece. Current flows from the generator to the instrument, typically forceps, through one time of
    the forceps, the active electrode, through the patient tissue, to the other time, the return electrode, and
    returns to the generator to complete the circuit. No separate dispersive plate or pad is used.
     This technique is used when current is restrained to the immediate volume of tissue being treated and
    does not diffuse through the body. Bipolar forceps are insulated from each other. Bipolar accessories are
    not safe with ground reference generations.
    WAVEFORMS OF OPERATIONS:

    MODE OF OPERATION: CUT


    Cut uses a spark, in addition to the heat of the current passing through the tissue, to rapidly vaporize the tissue,
    creating a cutting effect.

    MODE OF OPERATION: COAGULATION


    Coagulation or fulgeration is used for maximum haemostasis, or stopping the flow of blood. It uses intermittent
    short bursts of high voltage to coagulate and char tissues cutting.

    MODE OF OPERATION: BLEND


    Blend is not a mixture of cutting and coagulation, but a modification of the amount on time the generator is on,
    called the duty cycle. However, it has properties of both cut and coagulation.

    MODE OF OPERATION: DESSICATION


    Desiccation is used for destroying tissue. The cells dry out and form a coagulum rather than vaporizing and
    exploding.

    ELECTRODES
    These are also called tips or electrode tips and come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes suited to specific clinical
    indications for incision, excision, curettage and coagulation. These are held in an insulated hand piece. Power
    should be turned off before switched tips to prevent electric shock.

    USES OF MEDICAL ELECTROSURGERY


     A routine part of laparoscopic and open surgeries
     Safe around pregnant patients and doctors
     Bloodless biopsy
     Surgeries with antisepsis and hemostasis
     Plastic surgeries
     Implant surgeries
     Gynecology surgeries
     Urology surgeries
     Destroy cancer cells

    REPORTED PROBLEMS
    There is a risk of surgical fire when using oxygen while performing electro surgery. Partial or complete detachment
    of the electrode pad from the patient is a common cause of patient burns. Burns may also result from inadequate
    site preparation, defective materials or construction, or incorrect placement of the return electrode. The second
    most common type of electrosurgical injury occurs when the active electrode is inadvertently energized while the
    tip is in contact with non-target tissue.

    PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS
     Approx. dimensions (mm): 777 x 360 x 505
     Approx. weight (kg): 28
     Consumables: Active and return electrodes
     Price range (USD): 1,500 - 14,000
     Typical product life time (years): 7 to 10
     Shelf life (consumables): Single use or variable

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