Energy Cambridge IGCSE Geography (9-1)

Non-Renewable Energy Solar Power
Renewable Energy Advantages of Solar Power
Fossil Fuel Disadvantages of Solar Power
Advantages of fossil fuels Wind Power
Disadvantages of fossil fuels Advantages of Wind Power
1a
Energy that cannot be
Sun heats water
reproduced in the time taken
Photo-voltaic cells
to consume it.
Energy that is naturally

Infinite
occurring and potentially
No pollution
infinite (i.e. can be produced
Easy to install
within the time taken to
Remote areas
consumer it).
Any non-renewable combustible

Night/climate organic matter that is made from
Supply not meet demand the remains of former flora and
(little energy) fauna.
Large land area Examples include coal, oil and
natural gas.
Cheap
Wind turns turbine, powers
Already built infrastructure
generator
High energy
Infinite Finite
No pollution. GHGs
1b
Disadvantages of Wind Power HEP (Hydroelectric Power)
Tidal Power Advantages of HEP
Wave power Disadvantages of HEP
Advantages of Tidal/Wave
Biofuels
Power
Disadvantages of Tidal/Wave
Advantages of Biofuels
Power
2a
Using the power of falling Visual and noise pollution
Not in strong winds
water in rivers to drive
Not always windy
generators (at the moment
Damaged by tropical storms
dams have to be built to Supply not meet demand (little
create HEP). energy)
Infinite
No pollution.
Incoming/outcoming tide turns
Dam prevents flooding
turbines
Reservoir water store/sport
Electricity Generator
Irrigation/drinking water
Location limited
Disrupt habitats/animals
Less alluvium deposit Wave push air, turns turbines
Dam breakage can be severe Wave move bouyant
Expensive
Displacement
The use of biological matter to

create energy.
Infinite
It is a renewable resource, but still
No pollution.
releases significant amounts of
greenhouse gases because the No land damage
matter is often burnt.
Block shipping routes/animals

Renewable Not suitable for landlocked
Cheap (need coats)
Carbon neutral Damaged by tropical storms
Expensive
2b
Disadvantages of Biofuels Advantages of Nuclear Power
Disadvantages of Nuclear
Geothermal Power
Power
Advantages of Geothermal
Fuelwood
Power
Disadvantages of Geothermal
Problems of Fuelwood
Power
Nuclear Power HIC energy
3a
Renewable/supply of uranium
No pollutants
GHGs
Small product, lots of energy
Less land for food.
The supply of electricity can be
altered according to demand.
Using thermal energy from the earth

Nuclear meltdown to heat water and generate
electricity.
Increased chance of cancer The water can be used as a source
Nuclear waste of hot water or the stream released
can be used to drive turbines.
Infinite
Wood used as fuel (LIC) No pollution.
Continuous
Deforestation, desertification, soil

erosion
Biodiversity loss (vegetation is removed High cost to start
and animals lose their natural habitats) Not everywhere
Time taken looking for wood
Burning release CO2
-more renewable Radioactive elements

-nuclear Fission
3b
LIC energy Dams
Power sources that are

Methods of water supply| [9]
location dependent
Ways of obtaining water Uses of water
Factors affecting water supply

Wells and bore holes
[8]
Factors affecting ability to

Desalinisation plants
supply water [10]
4a
Water is naturally available and it is easy
to access it and distribute it to users.
Dams and reservoirs can be build to -non renewable
further increase water storage. -fuelwood/fossil fuels
In LEDCs these sources can become
easily polluted and if water is not
-multiple sources
treated it can carry diseases such as
cholera.
1. dam/reservoir/pipeline building;
2. desalination plants;
3. boreholes/wells;
4. cloud seeding;
-geothermal
5. rationing; -HEP/tidal/wave
6. increase cost of water;
7. cover wells; -one source
8. afforestation;
9. treatment plants/use grey
Agriculture: Watering of crops/irrigation/for desalination/taking salt from sea water;

animals to drink; using the underground
Domestic: washing/cooking/drinking/cleaning
water/aquifer/wells;
floors etc;
Industrial: for manufacturing processes/cooling/ building reservoirs/dam;
to clean machines/generate electricity/HEP/as a cloud seeding;
power source etc; importing water supplies
1. landlocked
Water is naturally purified by filtration
2. climate
through bedrock and can exist in arid areas
3. demand
where there is limited surface water
4. geology (aquifer/permeability)
Constructing wells costs money as does
5. pollution/overuse/sewage
extracting the water through pumps. It is
6. development/poverty
usually limited in quantity and can not
7. population
sustain large populations or agriculture.
8. politics
1. amount of precipitation;
2. evaporation levels/temperatures; Supply is virtually unlimited (sea
3. level of development of water supply
infrastructure/dams/reservoirs/pipes/taps;
water)
4. ability to treat/recycle water;
5. development of sewage/treatment infrastructure;
It is extremely expensive and uses
6. population density; a lot of energy (Global
7. presence/absence of rivers/natural lakes;
8. presence/absence of aquifer; Warming)Supply is virtually
9. levels of pollution;
10. being able to afford to import water; unlimited (sea water)
4b
Why is conserving water
important [5 and dev]
Impacts of water shortage
Groundwater management
Importance of resource
conservation [10]
5a
1. Body need water;
otherwise dehydration occurs (dev);
2. Less water disease;
such as cholera, typhoid etc. (dev);
3. Improve hygiene;
4. Health problems without;
therefore unable to work in order to produce food/earn
money(dev);
5. Irrigation;
is likely to increase yields of crops(dev)
- lack development
- conflict
- food shortage
- disease
- death
- drought/famine
- eutrophication
- rainwater/grey water
- recycling water
1. many are non-renewable/will run out/are finite;

2. life not possible without clean water;
3. life not possible without clean air;
4. life not possible without land for cultivation;
5. to protect habitats;
6. biodiversity;
7. species do not become extinct;
8. prevent global warming/acid rain/desertification;
9. creates conflict/civil rest;
10. forests act as carbon sinks
5b

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Non-Renewable Energy Solar Power

Renewable Energy Advantages of Solar Power

Fossil Fuel Disadvantages of Solar Power

Advantages of fossil fuels Wind Power

Disadvantages of fossil fuels Advantages of Wind Power

Energy that is naturally

Any non-renewable combustible

Tidal Power Advantages of HEP

Wave power Disadvantages of HEP

The use of biological matter to

Block shipping routes/animals

Nuclear Power HIC energy

Using thermal energy from the earth

Deforestation, desertification, soil

-more renewable Radioactive elements

Power sources that are

Ways of obtaining water Uses of water

Factors affecting water supply

Factors affecting ability to

Agriculture: Watering of crops/irrigation/for desalination/taking salt from sea water;

Impacts of water shortage

1. many are non-renewable/will run out/are finite;

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