Aralin Niyo To
Aralin Niyo To
Aralin Niyo To
Introduction
"To learn to read is to light a fire," one of the famous line of Victor Hugo in
the musical play “Les Misérables". Everyone can be a light that fires to other
people in different aspects, but one of the secrets to have light is to learn in
reading. This is one of the weapon that we can share to others and protect
yourself to somebody degrading and putting you down. It is a simple action but
vocabulary.
through translating and understanding the written text from different reading
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materials. It is considered as a first provider of relevant information for other
being media and information literate. Students are expected to have a capacity
to easily comprehend as a 21st century learners. One of the factors that students
gaining knowledge is because they can understand clearly the selection that they
are reading. But unfortunately, many students still have a hard time to
the K12 Curriculum is literature- based that will enlarge reading skills of the
students. In each grade level will increased and addresses the difficulties of
reading material that helps to strengthen our comprehension and learning. For
the Grade 7 focused on the Philippine literature and next Is the Grade 8 that
provide such solution to impart more knowledge on the students. Based on the
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latest results of Philippine Informal Reading inventory (PHIL-IRI) conducted in
June 2017 at Calaitan National High School of Bayugan City Division presented
the poor performance of the Junior High school students. They have a finding of
accurate and independent level and other is frustration level. It shows that out if
the 316 Junior High School only 91 or 28 percent of students are identified as
independent reader. There are students who easily access the accuracy or
reveals that this percentage of students have reading difficulties and have a low
comprehension.
Based on the context that the researcher was prompted to study the
University High School, Cabadbaran City Agusan Del Norte, one of the principal
causes of failure school is the difficulty in reading of the students. Out of the 100
percent, 10-15 percent of the general school population had trouble in reading.
If it is not attained of the students the feeling of competency of the child, it will
improvement. Even they have certain knowledge about basic elements such as
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grammar and vocabulary. We need to discuss the reading comprehension levels
students in different schools, and we can say that is a big challenge to us and
even now, the grade seven students from Caloocan City Business High School is
facing this challenge and this urge researchers to know more about this and to
give solution.
students?
language.
medium of instructions.
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2. What are the causes of having poor reading comprehension of the
students?
performance?
Assumptions
The researchers formulated the following assumptions base on their study and
these are:
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instructions, students unable to communicate well using English and they
instruction.
Students- This study will provide a right information about the real
comprehension skill.
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Teachers- This will serve as background for teachers about their
information about the given topic. The content of this study serves as a
7 students in preparation for their Senior High School. The respondents of the
study are Grade 7 students of Caloocan City Business High School academic year
2019-2020 Grade The researchers focus on these students because they are
fresh graduate that needs to be assess their reading comprehension for their
Definition of Terms
Afro Asian Literature- the term is most often used to describe literature
written by writers who are Afro-Asians, people of mixed African and Asian
ancestry.
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American literature- is literature written or produced in the United States of
Communication Skills- are abilities you use when giving and receiving
Comprehension- is the ability to understand and get meaning from spoken and
written language.
Context- the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can
instructional goals.
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meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows.
national literatures.
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CHAPTER II
This chapter discusses and presents the related and relevant information
taken from different reference materials of local and foreign origins, which are
deemed important for better understanding and for validation of area under
study.
FOREIGN STUDY
and background knowledge that readers bring to the text and text
meaning of the text they read. Having internalized various ideas, readers are
more able to easily express their own critical responses which include identifying
the intended audience and author’s purpose. Also reading comprehension helps
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the innate knowledge to be widen so that the reader can gain more information
According to Swanson et al. (2015) in his study entitled: Literacy and Text
Reading in Middle and High School Social Studies and English Language Arts
identifying evidence to support a point or main idea, can differ from one content
FOREIGN LITERATURE
problems are not limited to the low level reader. There are several reasons that
even the best reader in class may have problems understanding the reading that
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the course textbook. Lots of content area textbooks are designed to overload or
information may justify the cost of textbooks, but this density may be at the
Most textbooks are rated using a Lexile range, which is a measure of a text's
textbook aside from its information. Students are assigned reading from the
Student read literature that differs in format (drama, epic, essay, etc). Some
cannot be understated.
other than his/her native language. Linguists and educators often use the
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term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a
settings, they will engage in varying types of reading that reflect differing tasks,
the goals for a given reading text or reading task, and perform poorly. The
real goal for that reading task (Newman, Griffin, & Cole, 1989; Perfetti, Marron,
& Foltz, 1996). Students need to become aware of the goals that they might
from Theory to Practice, Cambridge University Press, 2009). At the wide range
the students. It should be conscious and are able to consider the needs of the
students and the goals that they should have in mind, as well as the larger
institutional context.
Connecticut State University said that children individually can vary in important
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experiences. In the article mentioned that when it comes to reading problems,
there are three common patterns of difficulties tend to happen and encounter
LOCAL STUDY
failure in school. Reading ability of the students can influence the feeling of
ideas and information. A survey was conducted at 7th Grade students and the
results of the study shows the literal level manage to have an average mean of
7.66 interpreted as Very satisfactory it implies that the students were able to
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comprehend the information. Interpretive level gets average mean of 4.67or Fair
shows the students were not able to analyse what is being asked in the reading
material. Critical level gets 3.7 average mean also interpreted as fair it depicts
that the students should improve their skills, since it needs and requires
analytical and evaluative thinking. And application level marked an average mean
of 5.7 and considered as satisfactory rate. The survey given in Grade 7 students
Appropriate learning materials should suit the reading needs of the students also,
through the partnership of teachers and parents in guiding their children and
students; it may help to develop the reading skills because they can ask for
clarification, verification and to visualize and analyse what he/she have read.
takes place while students undergo the process of reading a text written
main ideas of the text may lead to reading anxiety that might cause the students
suffer anxiety when their teachers correct their manner of reading the text. With
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this information we can conclude that when reading comprehension increases
reading anxiety decreases that show likely they will fail in comprehending a text.
We should remember that readers come with different levels such as beginners,
which imply that a student’s comprehension varies in the difficulty of the text.
of Grade Six pupils and the training needs for the effectively and efficiently
the students who answered the questions correctly and smoothly. They are the
students who tend to refuse to read due to frustration and they are the ones
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can simply recall and connect the ideas of he/she have read. Also, they are the
students who can read with their own, without the help of elder, like teacher,
and know how to interpret what the selection all about. Furthermore, it depicts
that there is lack of understanding to the students that affecting the reading
home, community of students where he/she belongs. The study recommends the
module that was developed should not just practice the level of comprehension
but also to utilize the linguistic competence of the students such as interrelating
their interpersonal skills like, listening, speaking, writing, and viewing. Another is
checking the pupil's progression by the parents and school administration, and
motivation to read with this kind of program or remedial reading that may the
comprehension.
LOCAL LITERATURE
According to article of Phil star (2010), "It can be secretly said that reading
is the true backbone of most learning." As the students step up for higher year
of education the reading become more sense and challenging, the level of
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difficulty increases. Hence, the reading comprehension of the students becoming
poor that may affect to the performance in other subjects like Math, Science, and
English. Based on National Achievement Test (NAT) the mastery level of the
among grade 7 students are just 14.4% and its only near mastery level, 1.1%
with 4th year high school students which shows below mastery scores are a
staggering 85.6% among the former 98.1% among the latter. According to an
interview of Dr. Yolanda Quijano (2007), the reading problem is the main cause
of poor performance of the students in NAT. There are lot of possible methods or
way to overcome the poor performance of the student. The curriculum for
and speaking is under English and Filipino. The two subjects have to fit in all
learning components in one class session. Because of failure allotment of time all
four learning components can't compress in just once class session the students
have certainly less time to practice that. For the goal to achieve the mastery, in
the case of reading comprehension it should give a lot of time or extensive hour
English. In doing this the students would expose the more books, and will have
wider knowledge, the consequence the school should provide lot of books to give
the students a free material to read and enjoy. After reading became a subject in
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school it will develop to habit of a lifetime that means the students became
lifetime learners.
freelance journalist on the Inquirer.net credited the statement from Dr. Nene
Guevara, president and CEO of Synergeia Foundation, as she shared results from
a study that covered 91 local government units in the country of Grades 1-6
students. For school year 2017, prior to any reading intervention, almost half of
the percentage were frustrated readers and 23 percent independent readers and
can comprehend on their own. Twenty-three percent could not comprehend and
this by strengthening teacher content skills along with parent education to help
make them realize how important reading is for success in education, and
providing students with attractive workbooks to help hone their reading skills.
are being subjected as “maarte” when they try to express themselves in English.
To end this, DepEd should promote that reading should be sustained forever and
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not just on the National Reading Month of November. The benefits of reading are
huge, it could expand the mind, develop the vocabulary, as well as honing
his/her speaking and writing skills, and could also affect the self-confidence of an
can lower the growing number of illiteracy and help these people for the better.
Almost everybody says we can move forward if the citizens are properly
Conceptual Framework
having poor comprehension while reading. It also answers and enunciates the
factors why students have poor reading comprehension in relation with English
language. Through the years, with the use of Modified Guided Reading (MGR)
can use in balanced literacy program, small group reading instruction to four to
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grouped students stated by (Cunningham, Hall, & Sigmon, 2002) it is suggested
that these group of individuals meet at least three to five time per week for 20 to
30 minutes each session in order for students to make consistent reading gains.
reading proficiency. Different copies of grade leveled books are properly selected
and use by the teachers in terms of instructional needs and interests. Reutzel
and Cooter (2005), stated that graded leveled books are categorized to include
fluency, and lastly fluency. The language in this level matched the syntax and
chosen for guide/reading groups is not only providing a reasonable challege but
process in two parts which are the background knowledge ( top down) and the
readers cognition (bottom up). Birch (2002) mentioned that both components of
accurately in order to gain and comprehend the meaning of the text. Using MGR
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APPROACH the literary instructional aims to develop and enhance the
understanding ability and reading process of the student to build stronger level
the aforementioned research problem, research found out that there are factors
and last, Having low chance of passing subjects used English language. Also, the
research figured out that there is factors why students having poor reading
practice in reading. That is why the research came up to the strategy that help
the students to solve the problems regarding to the poor reading comprehension
at the Caloocan City Business High School and it is called MAMAH strategy. This
approach will monitor and assist the student, give appropriate reading materials.
Ask the students to assess their reading comprehension and lastly, to become
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Paradigm of the Study
Limited vocabulary
Lack of practice
Competent in communicating
using English language
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
the study. Included in this section are research method, respondents of the
study, instruments used in gathering pertinent data, and the statistical treatment
of the study.
Research Design
for solution. It described the factors and level of comprehension skills of the
students. The training needs of teachers were also indicated. These led to the
Sampling Technique
data from a group of people with characteristics that may respond to standards
The respondents of the study are those students from Caloocan City
Business High School in Academic Year 2019 – 2020 who are currently in Grade
are distributed by explaining the purpose of the study and instructions. The
respondents, they prepared a reading material and then they gather the data’s
they needed, the researchers make sure that all of the collected answers are
Statistical Treatment
The researcher will score the test papers and evaluate the result. To
interpret and analyze the data, statistical computations will be used. The
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acquired good reading comprehension skills. The raw score of each part of the
Formula:
Where