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Prosthetic makeup (also called Special make-up effects and FX prosthesis) is the
process of using prosthetic sculpting, molding and casting techniques to create advanced
cosmetic effects. Prosthetic makeup was revolutionized by John Chambers in such films
as Planet of the Apes and Dick Smith in Little Big Man.
Contents
1Technique
2Conflict with CGI
3Real-World Use
4Notable artists
5Notable examples
6See also
7References
Technique[edit]
The process of creating a prosthetic appliance begins with lifecasting, the process of
taking a mold of a body part (often the face) to use as a base for sculpting the prosthetic.
Lifecast molds are made from prosthetic alginate or more recently, from skin-
safe silicone rubber. This initial mold is relatively weak and flexible. A hard mother mold,
typically made of plaster or fiberglass bandages is created overtop the initial mold to
provide support.
Once a negative mold has been created, it is promptly filled with gypsum cement, most
commonly a brand called "Ultracal-30", to make a "positive" mold. The form of the
prosthetic is sculpted in clay on top of the positive. The edges of the clay should be made
as thin as possible, for the clay is a stand-in for what will eventually be the prosthetic
piece. Along the edges of the mold, "keys" or mold points are sculpted or carved into the
lifecast, to make sure that the two pieces of the mold will fit together correctly. Once
sculpting is completed, a second mold is made. This gives two or more pieces of a mold -
a positive of the face, and one or more negative mold pieces of the face with prosthetic
sculpted in. All clay is carefully removed and the prosthetic material is cast into the mold
cavity. The prosthetic material can be foam latex, gelatin, silicone or other similar
materials. The prosthetic is cured within the two part mold - thus creating the beginning of
a makeup effect.
One of the hardest parts of prosthetic make-up is keeping the edges as thin as possible.
They should be tissue thin so they are easy to blend and cover giving a flawless look.
Notable artists[edit]
Jack Pierce (Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Wolf Man (1941))
John Chambers (Planet of the Apes original film series)
Dick Smith (Little Big Man, The Godfather, The Exorcist)
Rick Baker (An American Werewolf in London, The Nutty Professor, Men in
Black, How the Grinch Stole Christmas)
Tom Savini (Friday the 13th, Dawn of the Dead, Creepshow)
Rob Bottin (The Howling, The Thing, Total Recall)
Stan Winston (The Terminator, Predator, Jurassic Park)
Gregory Nicotero (The Walking Dead)
Howard Berger (The Chronicles of Narnia film series)
Notable examples[edit]
Tyra Banks - ABC News: Tyra Banks Experiences Obesity Through Fat Suit -
showcased on her eponymous talk show on 4 November 2005
Jennie Bond: Posh Swap: Jennie Bond (makeup process)
Nina Bott: Stern TV fat makeup (before and after; makeup process).
Vicki Butler-Henderson: Celebrity Swap. :(Vicki's entire head is covered with
prosthetics during the makeup application.)
Samantha Fox: Race Swap and makeup process.
Julie Goodyear: Age Swap and makeup application.
Tommy Lee Jones: Harvey Dent/Two-Face in Batman Forever.
Rebecca Loos: Gender Swap and makeup application.
Kelly Lynch: [Mr Magoo] (various disguises, the old lady and makeup application, the
balding man).
James McAvoy among others in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and
the Wardrobe.
Rik Mayall: Drop Dead Fred
Melinda Messenger: Celebrity Swap. (The makeup application for Melinda)
Jack Nicholson: Jack Napier/The Joker in Batman (1989 film).
Ron Perlman: several times in his career, but most notably as Hellboy
Brad Pitt: The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Katie Price (a.k.a. Jordan): Jordan Gets Even and makeup application.
Linda Robson: Celebrity Swap. (Linda's makeup application)
Arnold Schwarzenegger: as iterations of the Terminator in The Terminator and its
sequels Terminator 2: Judgment Day and Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines.
Carol Smillie: Gender Swap and makeup application.
Lea Thompson: A Will Of Their Own; Back To The Future Part II and Back To The
Future (including makeup application).
See also[edit]
Make-up artist
Special effect
Animatronics
Facial prosthetic
References[edit]
1. ^ "SFX vs. VFX: Two Effects Artists Discuss the Differences Between Practical &
CGI". No Film School. 2014-12-03. Retrieved 2017-11-07.
2. ^ "Practical Effects Masters on the Pros and Cons of CGI - Tested.com". Tested.
Retrieved 2017-11-07.
Categories:
Special effects
Cosmetics
Stagecraft
Prosthetics