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    Exercise 7

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    Anna Hariet
    This document provides information about ferns: 1. Ferns are classified under Division Pterophyta and have characteristics like independent sporophyte and gametophyte generations and bearing homospores or heterospores. 2. There are two main groups - eusporangiate ferns like Ophioglossales and Marattiales, and leptosporangiate ferns like Filicales and Salviniales that differ in sporangial development and structure. 3. Examples like Nephrolepis are described with illustrations of their fronds, roots, rhizomes and sori. The general life cycle of ferns is also depicted.

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    Exercise 7

    Uploaded by

    Anna Hariet
    63 views4 pages
    This document provides information about ferns: 1. Ferns are classified under Division Pterophyta and have characteristics like independent sporophyte and gametophyte generations and bearing homospores or heterospores. 2. There are two main groups - eusporangiate ferns like Ophioglossales and Marattiales, and leptosporangiate ferns like Filicales and Salviniales that differ in sporangial development and structure. 3. Examples like Nephrolepis are described with illustrations of their fronds, roots, rhizomes and sori. The general life cycle of ferns is also depicted.

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    botany exer 7

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    This document provides information about ferns: 1. Ferns are classified under Division Pterophyta and have characteristics like independent sporophyte and gametophyte generations and bearing homospores or heterospores. 2. There are two main groups - eusporangiate ferns like Ophioglossales and Marattiales, and leptosporangiate ferns like Filicales and Salviniales that differ in sporangial development and structure. 3. Examples like Nephrolepis are described with illustrations of their fronds, roots, rhizomes and sori. The general life cycle of ferns is also depicted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views4 pages

    Exercise 7

    Uploaded by

    Anna Hariet
    This document provides information about ferns: 1. Ferns are classified under Division Pterophyta and have characteristics like independent sporophyte and gametophyte generations and bearing homospores or heterospores. 2. There are two main groups - eusporangiate ferns like Ophioglossales and Marattiales, and leptosporangiate ferns like Filicales and Salviniales that differ in sporangial development and structure. 3. Examples like Nephrolepis are described with illustrations of their fronds, roots, rhizomes and sori. The general life cycle of ferns is also depicted.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    BOT 3 Laboratory Hand-out

    Exercise 7. Spore-bearing Vascular Plants: Ferns

    Ferns
    - under Division Pterophyta
    - General characteristics:
    o Sporophyte and gametophyte are independent to each other
    o Having megaphylls (mostly exhibit foliar dimorphism)
    o Bear homospores
    o Exosporic gametophyte germination

    Eusporangiate Leptosporangiate
    Criteria
    Ophioglossales Marattiales Filicales Salviniales
    Representative
    Ophioglossum Marattia Nephrolepis sp. Azolla
    species
    Underground Roots (protostele); Roots (protostele);
    Rhizoids; tuber Roots
    structure rhizome rhizome (dictyostele)
    Frond (stipe, rachis,
    Simple; dichotomous Frond; Pinnately
    pinna); Pinnately
    Leaf Composition venation pattern compound; free Simple leaf
    compound; free
    venation pattern
    venation pattern
    Young leaf exhibits
    Presence of crozier Absent slight circinate Present Absent
    vernation
    Type and Leptosporangia
    Sunken Eusporangia fused
    organization of clustered into sorus Leptosporangia
    eusporangium into synangium
    sporangia (*indusium)
    Along the leaf
    Location of sporangia Underside of the leaf Underside of the leaf Sporocarps
    margin
    Type of spores
    Homospores Homospores Homospores Heterospores
    Asplenium, Pteris,
    Microsorium, Salvinia, Pilularia,
    Other species -- Angiopteris
    Adiantum, Marsilea
    Hemigramma

    Page 1
    BOT 3 Laboratory Hand-out

    Two groups of ferns based on sporangial development:

    a. Eusporangiate
    – sporangium originated from series of
    superficial parent cells or initials
    - sporangial wall is made up of two or
    more layers of cells
    - produces numerous spores
    - includes Ophioglossales and Marattiales

    A B

    Habit of Ophioglossum (A) and Marattia (B)

    b. Leptosporangiate
    – sporangium originated from single cell
    initial producing a stalk and a capsule
    - sporangial wall is made up of only one
    layers cells
    - produces smaller number of spores
    - includes Filicales, Salviniales and other
    ferns

    Page 2
    BOT 3 Laboratory Hand-out

    A B

    Habit (A) and root cross-section (B) of Nephrolepis.

    A B
    Rhizome cross-section (A) and closer view of meristele (B) of Nephrolepis.

    A B

    C D

    Sorus (A), sporangium (B), frond cross-section (C) and prothallus (D) of Nephrolepis.

    Page 3
    BOT 3 Laboratory Hand-out

    Life cycle of Ferns

    Page 4

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