Effect of Powdered and Composted Meat Bones On The Growth and Yield of Water Spinach
Effect of Powdered and Composted Meat Bones On The Growth and Yield of Water Spinach
Effect of Powdered and Composted Meat Bones On The Growth and Yield of Water Spinach
Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author BA designed the study,
performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript.
Authors TBS and SMB managed the analyses of the study. Authors BA and SMB managed the
literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Article Information
DOI: 10.9734/AJSSPN/2019/v4i430052
Editor(s):
(1) Dr. Pankaj Gupta, Professor, Dolphin (PG) College of Science & Agriculture, Punjabi University, India.
Reviewers:
(1) Jamile Da Silva Oliveira, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Brazil.
(2) Rahul Datta, Mendel University, Czechia.
(3) Jaime Cuauhtemoc Negrete, Autonomous Agrarian Antonio Narro University, Mexico.
(4) Rebecca Yegon, University of Embu, Kenya.
Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle3.com/review-history/50197
ABSTRACT
For agriculture, the most important is the soil’s function as a base and medium for plant growth.
The soil health and soil condition are important for plant growth. And the management of soil
organic matter is an important part in case of managing soil health and maintaining soil conditions.
The experiment was carried out in the field lab (Net House) of Soil, Water and Environment
discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh. Total 21 plastic pots were used to continue the
experiment with 7 treatments. For the experiment, the meat bones were collected and used in the
experimental pot along with soil in different doses. This research has revealed that meat bones
both powdered and composted, has significantly increased (about 20-25%) the growth parameters
of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) such as a number of leaves, shoot length, fresh weight, dry
weight and moisture content. So, the application of powdered and composted meat bones in soil
will contribute in the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Keywords: Soil organic matter; meat bones; water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica); pot experiment.
2
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
3
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
-1 0
T2 = 500 kgha powdered chicken bone tagged separately, weighted, oven dried at 65 C
T3 = 500 kgha-1 powdered pigeon bone temperature for 24 hours until moisture content
-1
T4 = 500 kgha composted beef bone reached to a minimum condition. The dried
-1
T5 = 500 kgha composted chicken bone material of plants per pot from each treatment
T6 = 500 kgha-1 composted pigeon bone was collected.
The seeds were sown on 24th June, 2018.The The number of leaves of five plants of each pot
seeds were sown thoroughly as it was possible was counted and average value was taken.
to keep uniformity and then the seeds were
-1
covered by soils. 0.01 g seeds (5 kg ha as 2.7.3.2 Shoot length (cm)
recommended by BARI, 2005 for trial
experiment) were sown in each pot and Shoot length was measured using a measuring
maximum seeds germinated within 5 days. After scale from the root level to the tip of the plant.
germination only five plants were kept in each From each pot, five plants were measured and
pot. averaged.
2.7.3 Harvesting Five plants from each pot were collected and
oven dried at 650C for 48 hours, weighed in
The experimental crops were harvested after 40 gm/plant by an electrical balance and average
days of germination. The harvested plants were value was recorded.
4
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
3.1 Number of Leaves per Plant 3.4 Fresh Weight per Plant (g)
The number of leaves of water spinach was Fresh weight per plant ranged from 1.09 g to
significantly influenced by different treatments in 3.47 g and highest fresh weight of plant was
maximum cases. The highest number of leaves found in T5 (3.47 g) (Table 1). Fresh weight
was found in T5 (10.73) (Table 1). The results varied significantly in T4, T5, T6 compared with
exhibited that there was the insignificant control treatment T0 but there was the
difference in T1, T2, T4 and T6 compared to the insignificant difference between T0, T1, T2 and T3
control experiment T0 and a significant difference (Fig. 6) The observation was T5 > T6 > T4 >T1>T2
was found in T3 and T5 (Fig. 3). Application of >T3>T0. So, application of compost of chicken
composted chicken bone showed a significant bones showed a significant increment of fresh
increment of the number of leaves in water weight in water spinach, whereas application of
spinach, whereas application of other meet bone meat bones and pigeon bones did not show any
fertilizers did not show any positive effect on the positive effect on the fresh weight. On the basis
number of leaves of water spinach. On the basis of the fresh weight of plants application of
of the number of leaves of plants, application of composted chicken bone is the best for uses,
composted chicken bone is the best for using, and it is recommended for the leafy vegetables.
5
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
Table 1. Observed growth factors of the experimented water spinach for different treatments
12 ab a
abc ab
10
No. of leaves
bc
bc c
8
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 3. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on leaves number of water spinach
12 ab ab ab
b
10
8
6
4
2
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 4. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on root length of water spinach
6
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
30 a
ab
ab abc ab
Shoot length (cm)
25
c bc
20
15
10
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 5. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on shoot length of water spinach
2.5
2 b
1.5 b b
b
1
0.5
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 6. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on the fresh weight of water spinach
3.5 Dry Weight per Plant (g) bone fertilizers did not show any positive effect
on the dry weight. On the basis of dry weight of
Dry weight per plant ranged from 0.08g to 0.52g plants application of composted chicken bone is
and highest dry weight was found in T5 (0.52g) the best for using and it is recommended for the
(Table 1). Dry weight varied significantly in all plants.
treatments compared to the control treatment T0
and there was an insignificant difference 3.6 Moisture Content per Plant (%)
between T2 and T3 as well as T1 and T4 (Fig. 7).
So, application of compost of chicken bone Moisture content per plant ranged from 64.36%
showed significant increment of the dry weight in to 85.39% and highest moisture content found in
water spinach whereas application of other meat T6 (85.39%) and the lowest moisture content
7
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019;; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
no.
observed in T0 (Table 1). The observations are T6 increment of moisture content of water spinach
> T5 > T4 > T1 > T2 > T3 > T0. The following figure whereas application of chicken bone, beef bones
shows significant differences when control both powdered and composted did not show any
experiment is compared with other treatment and positive effect on the moisture content of water
significant differencess are found in T1 and T3 but spinach. On the basis of the moisture content of
insignificant relationship was found among T4, T5 plants application of composted pigeon bone is
and T6 treatments (Fig. 8). So, application of the best for using and it can be recommended for
compost of pigeon bone showed a significant the plants.
c
0.3
0.2
0.1
d
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 7. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on the dry weight of water spinach
Moisture content
100
90 a a a
b bc
Moisture content (%)
80 c
70 d
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Treatments
Fig. 8. Effect of powdered and composted meat bone on the moisture content of water spinach
8
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
9
Ahmmed et al.; AJSSPN, 4(4): 1-10, 2019; Article no.AJSSPN.50197
13. Jeng AS, Haraldsen TK, Gronlund A, 14. Cayuela ML, Sinicco T, Mondini C.
Pedersen PA. Meat and bone meal as Mineralization dynamic and biochemical
nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to properties during initial decomposition of
cereals and rye grass. Nutrient Cycling in plant and animal residues in soil. Applied
Agroecosystems. 2006;76:183-191. Soil Ecology Journal. 2009;41:118–127.
© 2019 Ahmmed et al.; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly cited.
Peer-review history:
The peer review history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.sdiarticle3.com/review-history/50197
10