Chapter 1. Jasper Jake Pajimola's Group

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BURNED SKIN CUCUMBER AND MADRE CACAO AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In production of certified organic vegetable crops, nitrogen (N), considered a limiting nutrient in all
agricultural systems, is particularly difficult to control. For soil fertility and crop nutrients, organic
agriculture relies heavily on fertilizers and soil modifications from off-farm sources such as fish emulsion,
blood meal, feather meal, alfalfa meal, compost, and animal manure (Gaskell et al., 2006).The use of
these supplementary fertilizers is so widespread that combinations of these organic N alternatives are
now entering the market and there is little research comparing their actual impacts on plant growth and
quality (Hartz and Johnstone, 2006). For a grower, the list of brands and slight variations between N
contents may be confusing.We use fertilizer because it provides the plants with the necessary amount of
nutrients. Burnt cucumber skins are a good source of phosphorus and also contain 27 percent
potassium. Nutrients help plants grow healthy and provide energy for life processes. When applied to
the plant, phosphorus and potassium help the plant grow beautifully. This makes them very useful as
fertilizers to use.
Organic fertilizers provide a variety of materials derived from plants, ranging from fresh or dried plant
material to animal manures and litters to agricultural by-products (Wohlfarth and Schroeder, 1979; Das
and Jana, 2003; Kumar et al., 2004). The nutrient content of organic fertilizers varies greatly between
source materials and better nutrient sources are made of readily biodegradable materials.In organic
fertilizers, the nitrogen and phosphorus content is lower, sometimes considerably lower, than in
chemical fertilizers. Another element that decreases or dilutes the nitrogen and phosphorus
concentrations of organic fertilizers is the moisture content.The organic carbon content of organic
fertilizers can be equal to or greater than the nitrogen and phosphorus content of organic
fertilizers.Organic fertilizer application encourages heterotrophic biomass rises, which enhances other
secondary productivity and mineralizes nutrients in order to stimulate primary productivity (Schroeder,
1978; Anderson, 1987; Colman and Edwards, 1987; Qin et al., 1995; Barkoh et al., 2005)
Burned cucumber skins are a good source of phosphorus for compost pile. Burned cucumber skins also
have a quick release time, which means they are only effective. Burned cucumber skins contain 27
percent potassium in addition to phosphorus, while madre cacao leaves can provide 1.81% N, 1.81% P
and 21.85% K (IIRR, 1992.)it also good for killing insects and making them a champion for providing this
nutrient.Burned cucumber skins contain 11 percent phosphorus by weight, making them a reasonably
decent pound-for-pound source of phosphorus.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For agriculture, fertilizers are also considered to be a useful thing. Overuse of inorganic fertilizers,
however, may lead to negative environmental implications.When abused, inorganic fertilizers can be
harmful to the ecosystem. Problems that may result from overusing fertilizers include runoff and
deforestation, the pollution of water sources, and disruptions to aquatic life.Although the chemical
fertilizer increases the growth and vigor of the plant, it meets the world’s food security, but the plants
grown in this way do not establish good plant characteristics such as good root system, shoot system,
nutritional characteristics and will not have time to grow and mature properly.In the human body,
chemically manufactured plants generate toxic chemicals that are very hazardous. The deleterious effect
of chemical fertilizers itself starts with the processing of chemicals whose products and by-products are
certain harmful chemicals or gases, such as NH4, CO2, CH4, etc. Which is going to cause air pollution.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This study was conducted to determine the Effectiveness of burned cucumber skin and madre cacao as a
fertilizer.
Specifically, this study aimed to:
1. determine the agronomic characteristics of madre cacao and burned cucumber skin
2. determine the productivity and profitability of growing potted cabbage,cauliflower and lettuce using
burned cucumber skin and madre cacao.
3. to generate a good quality organic fertilizer, as organic fertilizer is advantageous and relevant to the
climate, economically, socially and hygienically.
1.4 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY
The present study proceeds to examine the following hypothesis:
1)Organic farming is eco-friendly therefore more and more farmers are turning toward it.
2)With the growing awareness about the ills of chemical farming people desire to prefer safe and
healthy food, more and more farmers are turning towards organic farming.
3)Organic farming create local employment opportunities.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is important to understand the variability of nutrients and the release pattern of organic fertilizers to
provide plants with adequate nutrients to achieve optimum productivity, while at the same time
restoring soil fertility and protecting the environment and natural resources.
1.6 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study will compare the effectiveness of the organic burned cucumber skin on growth rate of
vegetable plant in terms of height, number of leaves and weight to the effectiveness of the
complete inorganic fertilizer..
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Growth rate the assessment of the length of leaves, height and weight of the plant
Organic Fertilizer the mixture of burnt cucumber skin and madre cacao
Blaze burning of cucumber skin
References:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/organic-fertilizer
https://greenupside.com/what-fertilizer-is-high-in-phosphorus/
https://greenupside.com/what-fertilizer-is-high-in-potassium/
https://extension.oregonstate.edu/news/heres-scoop-chemical-organic-fertilizer
https://studylib.net/doc/6983635/chapter-i-introduction-a.-background-of-the-study-some
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://yofrosty.com/making-fertilizers-with-
household-items/%23:~:text%3DWhy%2520use%2520burnt%2520cucumber%2520peels,beneficial
%2520to%2520use%2520as
%2520fertilizers.&ved=2ahUKEwikkb_czeTuAhUXfd4KHb0XApcQFjABegQIAhAE&usg=AOvVaw2SCedAd9
aDDzqijA6u7pZH&cshid=1613142636315
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/
agricultural-and-biological-sciences/organic-
fertilizer&ved=2ahUKEwjkmKXIzeTuAhWad94KHRs5BmEQFjAAegQIEhAC&usg=AOvVaw0INnQ-
AmiHZTcatNYLm2JS&cshid=1613142693161

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CHAPTER 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Specifically, this study aimed to:

1.4 HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

The present study proceeds to examine the following hypothesis:

3)Organic farming create local employment opportunities.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Blaze burning of cucumber skin

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