E 1
E 1
E 1
• Chemistry/physics/ biology.
• Engineering.
• Psychology.
• Sociology.
• Legislation:
– Standards.
– Budgets.
3. Behavioral issues:
– People failing to act as
Environmental Protection
Why might the management of an organization not consider health and safety to be a priority?
• Ignorance of hazards.
Reasons for Maintaining and Promoting Good Standards of Health and Safety
Moral reasons.
Global statistics from the International Labour Organisation (ILO) SafeWork Programme:
• 270 million accidents and 160 million diseases a year due to work. [ Over 800 people injure or
become sick every minute]
• 5800 people die every day due to work related accidents and ill health.
In groups, as indicated by the tutor, list the possible effects and implications of this accident on the:
• Injured employee.
• Company.
• Line manager.
• Injured employee:
– Pain and suffering, lost time/wages, impact on family, on-going impact on work.
• The company:
– Payment of sick pay, overtime cover for employee, recruitment costs for replacement,
insurance claims, fines/prosecutions, increased insurance premiums.
– Loss of skills from team, time and cost of retraining replacement, effect of overtime
cover on shifts.
Everybody – but most of the responsibility lies with the employer to provide:
– Indirect – arise as a consequence of the event but may not directly involve
money. Often difficult to quantify.
– H&S failure can affect the broader economy as well as individual companies.
Identify potential:
Indirect costs:
– Lost reputation.
Insured Costs
• Fire.
• Worker injury/death.
• Medical costs.
• Compensations
Uninsured Costs
• Sick pay.
• Overtime.
– Conventions.
– Recommendations.
Conventions
• No legal authority, unless ratified by the member-state into its own legal structure.
Recommendations
Occupational Safety and Health Convention (C155) – a goal setting policy for companies and nations.
Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation 1981 (R164) – supplements C155 and gives more
guidance on how to comply with its policies.
• Ensure that workplaces, machinery, equipment and work processes are safe and without risks to
health.
• Ensure that chemical, physical and biological substances and agents are without risk to health
when protective measures have been taken.
• Provide adequate protective clothing and equipment to prevent risks of accidents or adverse
health effects.
• Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety
measures.
• Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest breaks, does not adversely
affect occupational safety and health.
• Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental
fatigue.
• Safe plant and equipment – the need to inspect, service and replace machinery will
depend on the level of risk.
• Safe system of work – should be safe in all circumstances – appropriate review,
planning and control ensure continued safety of methods.
What is “Competence"?
K – NOWLEDGE,
S – Kill
E – XPERIENCE
A – Uthority
• Visitors.
• Invited/uninvited.
• Contractors.
Workers’ Responsibilities
Article 19 of C155 also places obligations on workers, expanded in R164 as follows:
• Own safety and that of others who might be affected by the thing they do and the things that
they fail to do.
[ CRROS]
Workers’ Rights
• Given adequate information on actions the employer has taken to ensure safety and health.
• Consulted by the employer on all matters of safety and health relating to their work.
• Given the right to leave a workplace which he has reason to think presents an imminent and
serious danger to his life or health, and not be compelled to return until it is safe.
Enforcement Agencies
– Fire Authority.
– Insurance companies.
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Enforcement action:
– Improvement.
– Prohibition.
Prosecution:
• Must prove employer was negligent and therefore to blame for injury/ill-health.
• UK and USA.
No-Fault Systems
• No lawyers or courts.
• A technician escapes injury by diving under a bench when a vessel blows up as a result
of a design defect.
• A 12-year-old boy breaks his arm falling into a pit whilst playing on an unfenced building
site.
• A machine operator is blinded in one eye by a colleague trying to help him remove a
jammed machine part using a hammer. There is a safe way to remove the jammed part
which does not involve the use of a hammer and the area they are in is a mandatory eye
protection zone.
• A scaffolder is electrocuted when the pole he is carrying touches a live overhead cable.
The scaffolder works for a company contracted to a roofing company, in turn contracted
to a factory owner.
• internal, or
• external
to the organisation.
List all the internal and external sources you can think of and discuss them.
Internal
• Accident records.
• Medical records.
• Risk assessments.
• Maintenance reports.
• Safety inspections.
• Audit reports.
• External
• National legislation.
• Codes of practice.
• Guidance notes.
• Operating instructions.
• Trade associations.
• Safety publications.