Comparative Study of 2G, 3G and 4G: September 2018
Comparative Study of 2G, 3G and 4G: September 2018
Comparative Study of 2G, 3G and 4G: September 2018
net/publication/327764127
CITATIONS READS
0 1,955
3 authors, including:
Sagar Patel
Charotar University of Science and Technology
23 PUBLICATIONS 10 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Sagar Patel on 20 September 2018.
1st generation wireless cellular network was introduced in 1980s, till then different advancement has been made
in this direction and different generations were introduced like 2G, 3G, and 4G networks after 1G. Here in this
paper, a brief comparison is made between 2G, 3G and 4G networks, how they evolved and its advantages and
disadvantages, channel-coding scheme used and the frequency band used in each generation have been
discussed in this paper.
Keywords: GSM, EDGE, HSPA, HSPA+, LTE
As shown in the figure, a specific frequency slot is formed at a time. 3G uses 15 Mhz to 20 Mhz
divided into time slots, so multiple user can use a frequency spectrum and the frequency band for 3G is
specific frequency slot. The GSM system uses 25 Mhz from 1800 Mhz to 2500 Mhz. A maximum speed of
frequency spectrum in a 900Mhz band. A speed of around 2 Mbps is achieved in basic 3G system.
around 14.4 Kbps is obtained in basic 2G network. WCDMA also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile
The core network used in 2G is PSTN (Public Telecommunication System) uses much larger career
Switched Telephone Network). Circuit switching is frequency due to which more amount of users can be
used in GSM. accommodated at compared to CDMA.[3] The core
network used in 3G systems is combination of Circuit
As the need to send data on air interface increased, switching and Packet switching.
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) was clubbed
with existing GSM network. Due to this optimal To further increase the speed of data, HSPA and
speed upto 150Kbps can be reached. Still, as the need HSPA+ (High Speed Packet Access) was introduced.
arise to increase the data rate, EDGE (Enhanced Data Due to HSPA+ networks can be upgraded to run at
GSM Environment) was introduced, which increased broadband speeds. The concept of MIMO (Multiple
the amount of data rata four fold times.[2] It was also Input Multiple Output) was first introduced in
feasible to make an upgrade on current GPRS system. HSPA+. Due to this data rates can reach to as high as
EDGE can also be considered 2.5G. 42 Mbps.[4] HSPA and HSPA+ can be considered as
3.5G and 3.75G respectively. The modulation
III. 3G technique used in HSPA+ was 64-bit QAM.
3G system uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple MIMO is a method in which concept of Multipath
Access) and WCDMA (Wide Band Code Division propagation is used to improve the radio link. Same
Multiple Access). CDMA is a technique in which a signal are received multiple times on receiver side.
unique code is assigned to each user using the Due to this, the probability of error is decreased and
channel at that time. After assigning a unique code, overall performance is improved.
completely available bandwidth is utilized efficiently
in it. Due to this very large number of users can use
the channel at the same time compared to TDMA
and FDMA.
IV. 4G