Design of Biogas Plant PDF
Design of Biogas Plant PDF
Design of Biogas Plant PDF
1.1 Introduction: Biogas can be obtained from any organic materials after anaerobic fermentation by three main phases. 1.2 Mechanism of biogas fermentation: A) Groups of Biogas microbesB) Groups of microbes involved in the 3 stages of biogas fermentation
1.3 Design parameter: A) Selection of materials. B) Total solid (TS) contains calculations of organic materials Organic materialsSolid part: Total solid contained in a certain amount of materials is usually used as the material unit to indicate the biogas- producing rate of the materials. Most favourable TS value desired is 08%. Liquid part : As per Annexure-I C) Favourable temperature, PH value & C/N ratio for good fermentationTemperature PH value C/N ration : Mesophilic; 20o c to 35 o c ( Annexure-II). : Neutral PH and ranges 6.8 to 7.2 : Ranges from 20:1 to 30:1 ( Annexure- VI )
D) Table showing discharge per day, TS value of fresh discharge and water to be added to make favorable TS conditionKinds Body weight (kg) 50 200 1.5 50 Discharge per day (kg) 0.5 10 0.1 5 TS value of fresh discharge (% by wt.) 20 16 20 20 Water to be added with fresh discharge to make the TS value 8% (kg) 0.75 10 0.15 7.5
E) Hydraulic retention time (HRT)For Mesophilic digestion where temp. varies from 20o c to 35o C and HRT is greater than 20 days. 1.4 Relationship between temperature, HRT & TS value of 8% :
a. Volume of gas collecting chamber b. Volume of gas storage chamber c. Volume of fermentation chamber d. Volume of hydraulic chamber e. Volume of sludge layer Total volume of digester V
= Vc = Vgs = Vf = VH = Vs = Vc+Vgs+Vf+Vs
1.7 Assumptions:
For volume Vc = 5% V Vs =15% V Vgs + Vf = 80% V Vgs = VH Vgs = 0.5 ( Vgs + Vf + Vs ) K 3 Where K= Gas production rate per m digester volume 3 per day. For Bangladesh K = 0.4 m /m3d. For geometrical dimensions D =1.3078 X V1/3 3 V1 =0.0827 D V2 = 0.05011 D3 3 V3 = 0.3142 D R1 = 0.725 D; R2 = 1.0625 D f1 = D/5; f2 = D/8 S1 = 0.911 D2; S2 = 0.8345 D2
1.8 Volume calculation of digester and hydraulic chamber: A) Volume calculation of digester chamberGiven: 6 cows of body weight 200 kg each.; Temp. = 30OC (average) Soln: Let HRT = 40 days (for temp. 30O C) Total discharge = 10 kg X 6 = 60 kg/day TS of fresh discharge = 60 kg X 0.16 = 9.6 Kg. In 8% concentration of TS (To make favourable conditions) 8 kg. Solid = 100 kg. Influent 1 kg. Solid = 100 / 8 kg influent 9.6 Kg Solid = 100 x 9.6/ 8 = 120 kg. Influent. Total influent required = 120 kg.
Water to be added to make the discharge 8% concentration of TS =120 kg - 60 kg. = 60 kg. Working volume of digester = Vgs + Vf Vgs + Vf = Q.HRT = 120 kg/day X 40 days = 4800 kg. (1000 kg = 1 m3) = 4.8 m3. From geometrical assumptions: Vgs + Vf = 0.80 V Or V = 4.8/0.8 = 6.0 m3. (Putting value Vgs + Vf = 4.8 m3) & D = 1.3078 V 1/3 = 2.376 m @ 2.40 m. Again (Putting V3=0.3142D3) Say H = 1.00m Now we find from assumption as we know the value of 'D' & 'H' f1 = D/5 = 2.40 /5 = 0.480 m ; f2 = D/8 = 0.30m R1 = 0.725 D = 1.74 m ; R2 = 1.0625 D = 2.55 m V1 = 0.0827 D3 = 1.143 m3 ; Vc = 0.05V = 0.3 m3 Now the dimension of digester chamber is known & drawn belowB) Volume calculation of hydraulic chamberFrom assumptions: Vc = 0.05 V = 0.3 m3 Vgs = 0.50 x (Vgs + Vf + Vs) x K (Where K = Gas production rate per m3digeste vol./day ) = 0.5 x 5.7x 0.4 =1.14 m3 -------------------------------------------------------------------- (A) Again, Vgs = 50% of daily gas yield = 0.5 x TS x gas producing rate per kg TS = 0.5 x (60 kg x 0.16) x 0.28 m3/kg TS (See Annex- III) = 1.344 m3 ------------------------------------------------------------- (B)
= 1.344 m3. = 0.3 m3 +1.344 m3 = 1.644 m3 = [{(Vc + Vgs) - {p D2 H1}/4] = [1.644 - {3.14 x (2.4)2 x H1}/4] Or, H1 = 0.110m We have fixed h = 800 mm water volume (I mm = 10 N/ m2) h = h3 + f1 + H1 Or, h3 = 0.210m. From A & B, let Vgs Vc + Vgs Again, V1 Again we know that Vgs = VH Or, 1.344 m3 = 3.14 x (DH)2 x h3/4 Or, DH = 2.85m Now we know the dimension of hydraulic chamber. Moreover keeping h = 800 mm, we can choose or re-arrange the dimension considering availability of site and construction suitability. For most suitable dimensions we can select the drawing of Annexure- IX for 60 Kg cow dung per day as raw material. Note: For ready reference 4 family type Biogas plant's drawing is shown(std. dimension's) in Annexure-VIII, Annexure-IX, Annexure-X & Annexure-X1 where 40kg, 60kg, 80kg and 100Kg cow dung is considered as raw material per day respectively. If bigger size plant is required, it can be designed keeping all safety considerations in design and construction. Annexure- 1
Table 1: The Total Solid Content of Common Fermentation Materials in Rural Areas (Approx.)
Materials
Dry rice straw Dry wheat straw Corn stalks Green grass Human excrement Pig excrement Cattle excrement Human Urine Pig Urine Cattle Urine
Annexure-II
Table 2: Biogas-Producing Rates of Some Common Fermentation Materials at Different Temp. (m3/kg TS ) Materials Medium temperature (35 C) Ordinary temperature (8 o ~25o C) Pig manure 0.45 0.25 ~ 0.30 Cattle dung 0.30 0.20 ~ 0.25 Human wastes 0.43 0.25 ~ 0.30 Rice straw 0.40 0.20 ~ 0.25 Wheat straw 0.45 0.20 ~ 0.25 Green grass 0.44 0.20 ~ 0.25
Experimental conditions: The fermentation period of the excrement materials lasts 60 days and that of the stalk type lasts 90 days. The fermentation material concentration (total solid content) is 6%.
Annexure- III Table 3: Biogas Producing Rates of Some Fermentation Materials and Their Main Chemical Components.
Materials and their main components Animal barnyard manure Pig manure Horse droppings Green grass Flax straw Wheat straw Leaves Sludge Brewery liquid waste Carbohydrate Liquid Protein Yield of Biogas m3/kg TS 0.260 ~ 0.280 0.561 0.200 ~ 0.300 0.630 0.359 0.432 0.210 ~ 0.294 0.640 0.300 ~ 0.600 0.750 1.440 0.980 Methane content (%) 50 ~ 60
70 59 58 50 58 49 72 50
Water Hyacinth Alligator Weed Water Lettuces Cattle Dung Pig Manure Human Wastes Dry Grass Rice Straw
Note: - The fermenting temperature is 30oC. It is batch-fed fermentation. YpCMDV refers to the average yield of biogas per cubic meter of the digester volume during the period of normal fermentation (m3/ m3d). YpkgM refers to the yield of biogas per kilogram of the fermentation material (m3/kg TS) Annexure-V Table 5: The Speed of Biogas Production with Common Fermentation Materials.
Speed Time(d ) Materials Human wastes Pig manure Green grass Cattle dung Wheat straw Amount of biogas produced in a period of time (expressed as a percentage of the total yield of biogas) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 40.7 81.5 94.1 98.2 * * ** 46.0 78.1 93.9 97.5 * * ** 98.2 ** 34.4 74.6 86.2 92.7 * * ** 8.8 30.8 53.7 78.3 * ** 98.7 100 99.1 100 97.3 88.7 100 100 93.2 ** 96.7 98.9 100 Biogas Producing rate (m3/kg TS ) 0.478 0.405 0.410 0.300 0.435
* Biogas production is at the highest speed. ** Amount of Biogas produced to more than 90% of the total yield of a fermentation period. Experimental conditions: - Fermenting temperature 35oC, the total length of fermentation period being 60 days for the excrement material and 90 days for the stalk type, the materials concentration; total solid content of the fermentative fluid being 6%.
Annexure- VII Table 7: Amount of Human and Animal Waste Discharged per Day (Approx.)
Kinds Body weight (kg) 50 500 500 15 1.5 50 Daily amount of excrement (kg) 6 34 10 1.5 0.10 0.50 Daily amount of urine (kg) 15 34 15 2 0 1 Annual amount of excrement discharged (kg) 2190 12410 3650 548 36.80 182.50 Annual amount of excrement collection (kg) 1752 9928 2920 438.4 29.44 146.00 Daily yield of biogas per capita (m3) 0.18 ~ 0.25 0.36 ~ 0.96
Note: The annual amount of excrements collected accounts for 80% of that discharge.
Burner
Hajjak light based on biogas This Fixed Dome type biogas design has been carried out by Bangladesh Council for Science and Industrial Research (BCSIR) and found to be successful. Source: Renewable Energy & Environmental Information Network (REEIN)
Total
15 Construction Partner Organization (CPO) under IDCOL (Infrastructure Development Company Ltd) Grameen Shakti (GS its own programme + IDCOL) SOUL Kamrul Biogas Rahman Biogas Hosain Biogas RSF Srizony Bangladesh Shubashati BRIDGE SAPNO Nirapod Engineering Ltd. Sangram BASA Sonali Unnayan Foundation DESHA Practical Action Nurunnabi Biogas Change Maker Palli Shakti Jahanara Biogas Total (November 19, 2008) Grand Total (November 19, 2008)
29791
6000 1000 517 367 301 205 240 116 23 44 30 25 20 35 23 18 11 3 2 1 8982 38,773
1971-2008
Source:
Renewable Energy & Environmental Information Network (REEIN)
Contact Address of CPOs (Construction Partner Organisations) under National Domestic Biogas and Manure Programme (NDBMP) National Domestic Biogas and Manure Programme (NDBMP) Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL), UTC Building (16th Floor), Panthopath, Dhaka. CPO Information List - Date: 6/12/2008
S No 1 CPO ID KB CPO Name Kamrul Biogas and Compost Fertilizer co ltd Hosain Biogas and Compost fertilizer company Save our Urban Life SOUL Rahman Renewable Energy Company Limited Rural Services Foundation (RSF) Bangladesh Rural Integrated Development for Grub-Street Economy (BRIDGE) Srizony Bangladesh Address BESIC Road, Police line, Natun BazarRajbari 90-Chuadanga Road, Jhenidah7300.Jhenaidah 16 Noya polton (3rd floor), Dhaka1000.Dhaka Jamalganj Road, Professor Para, SadarJoypurhat 74/D, Arjotpara, Mohakhali, Dhaka1215Dhaka House# 7, Road # 113, Khalishpur Housing state, KhulnaKhulna Agreement Date 01/01/2005 Email kollol116@hotmail.com Contact Person Mr. Kamrul Islam, Managing Director Mr. Ismail ossain, Executive Director and CEO Mr. Ahashan abib, Executive Director Mr. Redwanoor Rahman, Managing Director Mr.Ruhul Quddus. General Manager Mr.Zahirul Haque, Executive Director Telephone 01711-264842
HB
02/01/2005
uttoron05@yahoo.com
01711-248243
3 4
SL RB
03/01/2005 04/01/2005
soulbangla@yahoo.com redwanoor@yahoo.com
01713-442540,01713442541 01712-586110
5 6
RS BR
05/01/2005 05/30/2006
rsf@siriusbroadband.com bridge@khulna.bangla.net
01713049415,8143685,9114061 041-760038,01711807740
SR
111, Pabahati Road, PabahatiJhenaidah Grameen Bank Bhaban, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1216Dhaka Shahid Khokon Road , JaleswaritolaBogra House# 247, Road# 18, New DOHS, Mohakhali kzamanbhuiyan@yahoo.comDhaka I/31, Lane-6, Block-D, Mirpur-12, Pallobi, DhakaDhaka
07/01/2005
srizonyb@accesstel.net
8 9
GS SA
08/01/2005 03/25/2007
g_shakti@grameen.net sapno_sng@yahoo.com
10
BS
11
SB
04/02/2007
edbasa@worldnetbd.net
Mr. Harun or Rashid, Executive Director Mr. Abser Kamal, General Manager Md. Ziaur Rahman, Executive Director A.K.M. Shirajul Islam Ms. Reba Paul, Director (Programme)
0156-315570
9004314,9004081 01712-869291,05167775
9862464, 01730-044902
05/08/2007
qis@bol-online.com
02-9013431,01715073367
12
KP
13
SG
14 15
PA PM
Kushtia Pally Unnayan Sangstha (KPUS) Sangram ( Sangathita Gramunnayan Karmasuchee) Practical Action Padakhep Manobik Unnyan Kendra (PMUK) Sonali Unnayan Foundation (SUF) Shariatpur Development Society(SDS) DESHA
18/5, 1 No. Masjid Bari Lane, AruaparaKushtia Shahid Srity Sarak, SadarBarguna
04/09/2007
kpus@kushtia.com
Md. Enamul Haque, Director Mr. Chowdhury Md. Masum, Executive Director Veena Khaleque, Country Director Iqbal Ahmed, Executive Director Md. Shamsuddin Azad, M.A, Director General Mozibur Rahman, B.A/L.L.B, Executive Director Md. Robiul Islam, B.Com, Executive Director AFM Akteruddin, M.A, Executive Director
01711-310126,071-62056
04/08/2007
sangrammasum@yahoo.com
16
SU
17
SD
18
DE
19
UD
Uttara Development Program(UDP) Nurunnnabi Biogas Company Limited Palli Shakti Nirapad Engineering Limited ChangeMaker Barisal Biogas Construction Company Limited
20 21 22 23 24
NB PS NL CM BB
House No-32, Road No-13A, Dhanmondi R/ADhaka House No 548, Road No 10, Baitul Aman Housing Society Adabar, MohammadpurDhaka 218, Begum Rokeya Sarani, Sher-EBanglanagar,West kafrul, Dhaka-1207 Dhaka Sadar Road,Shariatpur,Post Box No1,Post Code-8000 Shariatpur Dar-Us-Shefa,317, Jhenaidah Road Majampur,Post Box-1, Kustia-7000 Kushtia South Malotinagar, Bhai Pagla Mazar Lane,Bogra-5800 Bogra Gaibandha Gaibandha Dhaka H#8, R#13(New), Suite F-3 Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1209Dhaka Barisal
06/21/2007 04/15/2007
mamun@practicalaction.org.bd padakhep@bdonline.com
03/28/2007
01711838760, 9136588
04/16/2007
01714011901, 060155554
04/24/2007
01711217623, 071171402
04/16/2007
01711419110 ,8120632
04/13/2008 04/13/2008 04/13/2008 04/07/2008 05/22/2008 info@changemaker-bd.org Syed Tayubur Rahman 8159970,9126784
Source:
Renewable Energy & Environmental Information Network (REEIN)