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Social determinants accounted for an estimated 35% of the total health gap between First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians in 2017–19

Life expectancy at birth in 2020–2022 was 71.9 years for First Nations males and 75.6 years for First Nations females

In 2021, 88% of First Nations households owned or used at least one motor vehicle. The proportion of First Nations households with one or more vehicles was higher in non-remote areas at 90%, compared to 68% in remote areas.

From 2011 to 2021, the proportion of First Nations people aged 20–24 who had completed year 12 or equivalent increased from 52% to 68%.

In 2018–19, 85% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged 15–17 reported that they had never smoked, compared with 72% in 2008.

In 2018–19, 3 in 10 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who needed to go to a health provider did not go—the same proportion as in 2012–13. Barriers included cost, and health services being unavailable, far away or with long waiting times.

At 31 December 2021, 2,568 First Nations people were receiving kidney replacement therapy – of these, 85% were on dialysis, and 15% had functioning kidney transplants.

The National Agreement on Closing the Gap came into effect in July 2020 upon agreement by all Australian Governments and the Coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peak Organisations.

Preventing smoking and improving nutrition and access to antenatal care for First Nations mothers is critical to reducing low birthweight rates among First Nations babies.