Yijing, Chinese Divination and Philosophy, Human Behaviour

This paper re-contextualizes Burkhard Heim's theory of 12 dimensions within the framework of extant literature on energy, reality, and consciousness, providing a comprehensive synthesis that aligns Heim's dimensional theory with contemporary scientific and philosophical thought. Critically analyzing Heim's multidimensional theory presents a unique opportunity to explore the multilayered fabric of reality, encompassing the micro to macrocosmic scales. This paper examines how Heim's dimensions can be integrated with modern insights into spacetime's nature, energy dynamics, and consciousness phenomena. In reinterpreting Heim's theory against modern scientific and philosophical discourse backdrop, this paper synthesizes Heim's dimensional framework with existing energy, reality, and consciousness paradigms. This integrative approach enriches our understanding of Heim's contributions and advances the dialogue between his multidimensional theory and current research in quantum physics, energy and consciousness studies.

Resumen: La Dinastía Shāng es una dinastía china distante y misteriosa. Hoy en día, nuestro conocimiento sobre ella todavía es muy limitado, pero, a partir de esa información que hemos podido alcanzar, hemos descubierto una gran diferencia entre ella y las dinastías posteriores, así, es probable que, en la dinastía Shāng, el estatus social de las mujeres fuera más elevado que el de la China confuciana tradicionalmente conocida. Basándonos en las inscripciones óseas relevantes de jiǎgǔwén. En este artículo queremos presentar la vida de 婦好 fù Zǐ (también conocida como fù Hǎo), la mujer de la que se cuenta con más información recuperada de la dinastía Shāng. La dama Zǐ fue una de las muchas cónyuges del rey Wǔ-Dīng, pero también tuvo otros cargos como general militar, sacerdote, etc., además también ayudó a su marido a gobernar el reino.

The Yijing (I Ching) has very significant relevance to our present-day worldview because it offers a holistic, coherent and integrated approach for navigating the paradigm shift required of educational science as we confront global challenges that are only amenable to unified global thinking.

This is the third main paper extending the two previous papers on the invention of the gua 卦 "hexagrams" of the Yijing, with the associated 象 xiang "symbols" and 辭 ci "statements." It is the most difficult and challenging of all to articulate and understand, but the proposed discoveries are also the most significant.

This paper discusses the Chinese worldview on 公平正義 gongping zhengyi (fairness and justice) and correlates it with equilibrium and nonequilibrium. Moving far from equilibrium (away from fairness and justice) is a social phenomenon that warrants understanding as a science. The collective phenomena far-from-equilibrium (far from fairness and justice) are explored with nonequilibrium dynamics concepts. The paper examines the concepts in Yijing to understand stability, instability, equilibrium, nonequilibrium, centeredness, and non-centeredness. Fairness, justice and harmony (representing equilibrium and balance) are Chinese culture's most important values and highest aims because they lay the foundation for achieving harmony and balance. However, interpersonal and societal conflicts lead to social, cultural, and moral crises. This paper addresses a complex problem in the field of management scholarship. Specifically, the issue being examined is how to improve the effectiveness of management scholarship in promoting fairness and justice while simultaneously maintaining the pursuit of innovative concepts and rigorous theoretical frameworks. In response to this challenge, the paper offers a novel and prospective framework for inquiry centred on the concept of Yi harmony and its relationship with fairness and justice in the context of management with reference to nonequilibrium dynamics. This paper proposes a prospective inquiry framework for exploring the relationship between Yi harmony, fairness, and justice in management scholarship. By using nonequilibrium dynamics to expand the scope of theoretical work, this approach seeks to promote the formulation, exploration, and evaluation of alternative theories for achieving desired management values. Prospective inquiry expands the purpose, value, and application of theoretical frameworks within management research, allowing scholars to develop and implement theoretical frameworks that promote fairness and justice while maintaining theoretical rigour and innovation. Confucian culture highlights the unique ability of human beings to possess moral reason, which is essential for creating harmonious and rational existence. By promoting goodness and virtue, Chinese culture encourages establishing mutually beneficial systems and procedural justice, leading to a just society. This paper suggests that traditional Chinese culture effectively addresses contemporary social conflicts and crises by cultivating morality, social integrity, and harmonious righteousness.

The relationship between modern science and metaphysics has been challenging due to the different ontological and epistemological perspectives they are based on. However, the challenge is mainly attributable to modern science's empirical attitude. This paper draws on Einstein’s 1915 theory of relativity and 易經Yijing’s cyclical principles, conceptualized at least four thousand years (circa 2000 BCE) to gain a new understanding of gravity from a social science standpoint. First, Yijing's origins can be traced back to the mythical figure 伏羲 Fu Xi who created the eight trigrams and 64 hexagrams. Second, King Wen and the Duke of Zhou wrote about the hexagrams in greater detail during the 11th century BCE. The third intellectual addition and augmentation happened between the 5th to 2nd century BCE, incorporating seven writings collectively known as the ‘Ten Wings’. These writings provided a framework for understanding the universe's complexities and underlying patterns, including an implication of gravity acting on all beings, things, and events, though not explicitly mentioned as gravity.

The paper introduces Einstein’s theory of relativity as a mechanism and correlates it with Yijing principles and precepts to provide perspectives valuable to the social and academic community. One of Yijing's central features is its use of 陰陽 yin-yang correlative cosmology, which involves the idea that all things in the universe are interconnected and interdependent, each possessing yin and yang energies that are constantly in flux and transformation, continually shifting in field-like fluctuation. The hexagram matrix is a system of symbols, archetypes and concepts which constitute a map that classifies and analyses reality through the eyes of the observer.

Einstein's theory of relativity revolutionized cosmology and conceptualised space, time, mass, gravity, and energy. The theory concerns the relative velocity or acceleration of a frame of reference with respect to a stationary frame of reference. The approach encompasses the two interconnected theories of special and general relativity, with general relativity establishing an essential association between time and space and relating to the structure of spacetime and wave-like fluctuation where the presence of matter and energy causes curvature of spacetime.

The paper acknowledges that some may view the attempt to link Yijing with modern sciences-related themes with scepticism since the links rest on allegorical associations. However, this paper aims to mirror Einstein's central principles of the theory of relativity into a social inquiry of Yijing.

This paper provides novel and diverse perspectives using the heaven and earth framework, contributing significantly to comprehending the interconnected dynamics of qi, space, and time within Yijing.

One of the central features of the Yijing is its use of yin-yang correlative cosmology, a fundamental concept in traditional Chinese philosophy. This cosmology involves the idea that all things in the universe are interconnected and interdependent, each possessing yin (negative, feminine) and yang (positive, masculine) energies. Moreover, these energies are constantly in flux and transformation, with their balance continually shifting.
Bohm's wholeness, also known as Bohm's holomovement, is a concept developed by physicist David Bohm as part of his interpretation of quantum mechanics. According to Bohm, the universe is fundamentally interconnected and interdependent, with all aspects of the universe influencing and being influenced by one another. This interconnectedness is reflected in the behaviour of subatomic particles, which can exhibit non-local correlations that classical physics cannot explain. Bohm's wholeness is similar to other physics and philosophy theories that emphasise the universe's interconnectedness. For example, one such theory is non-dualism, which posits that there is no fundamental separation between the self and the universe and that the self is an expression of the underlying unity of all things. Finally, the concept of entanglement in quantum mechanics also suggests a fundamental interconnectedness between particles, with changes in the state of one particle instantaneously affecting the state of another particle, regardless of their spatial separation.
The significance of biantong in Chinese philosophy is explored in relation to yin and yang energies constantly transforming and balancing each other in a continuous cycle. Similarly, Bohm's holomovement concept highlights the universe's interconnectedness and constant flux. The flux-like variables provide insights into the system's macroscopic and microscopic details, where transformation and change are fundamental aspects of reality. The probabilistic nature of human affairs and subatomic particles implies that their properties continually change and transform in response to the surrounding environment, reflecting the integral interdependence of all things. This paper emphasizes the significance of transformation and changes in comprehending reality by examining the concepts of yin and yang energies, Bohm's wholeness, and flux-like variables. The dynamic and interconnected nature of the universe necessitates an understanding of this constant state of flux, whether on a macroscopic or microscopic scale. This knowledge is vital for understanding the behaviour of subatomic particles and the natural world.

This paper draws on the relatedness of 易經 Yijing and quantum physics. They come from different cultural and historical contexts but share some similarities in their underlying principles. One of the main similarities between Yijing and quantum physics is their focus on the interconnectedness and interdependence of all things. In Yijing, this is expressed through the concept of 氣 qi, which is believed to flow through all things and connect them. Similarly, in quantum physics, the behaviour of particles is described in terms of entanglement, where particles can become linked to each other in ways that are not fully understood. Another connection between the two disciplines is their focus on probability and uncertainty. In the Yijing, divination is used to gain insight into the future and guide decision-making, but the results are not deterministic and depend on a range of factors. Similarly, in quantum physics, the behaviour of particles is described in terms of probabilities, and the exact outcome of a measurement cannot be predicted with certainty. Yijing and quantum physics also involve a degree of intuition and interpretation. For example, in Yijing, the hexagrams and their interpretations are subject to personal interpretation and rely on the practitioner's understanding of the underlying principles. Similarly, in quantum physics, the behaviour of particles can be described mathematically, but their interpretation and meaning are the subjects of ongoing debate and speculation. One way to connect Yijing and quantum physics is through complementarity. In quantum physics, complementarity refers to the idea that specific properties of particles, such as their position and momentum, are mutually exclusive and cannot be measured simultaneously. This principle is similar to yin and yang in Yijing, which represents two complementary but opposing forces that are interdependent and cannot exist without each other. Overall, while Yijing and quantum physics come from different contexts and use other methods of inquiry, they share some underlying principles related to interconnectedness, probability, and intuition. This paper explores the connections between these disciplines and provides new insights and perspectives on the nature of reality and the human experience.

RESUMEN: Repasamos las características sociales y evolutivas de la antigüedad de China para hablar de los métodos más importantes utilizados para medir el tiempo. Presentamos sus principales características y utilidades sociales y describimos sus vinculaciones filosó-fico-cosmogónicas para tantear los orígenes chamánico-predaoístas de la cosmogonía china. Palabras clave: Antigüedad china, Xiàxiǎozhèng, Troncos Terrestres y Ramas Celestes, Yìjīng, Métodos de medida de tiempo en China. ABSTRACT: We revise the social and evolutionary characteristics of the China's antiquity to speak about the most important methods used to measure the time. Let's sense beforehand his principal characteristics and social usefulness and we describe his philosophically-cosmogonics entails to test the shamanic-pretaoist origins of the chinese cosmogony. Debemos iniciar este artículo demarcando el período al que nos vamos a referir. Tradicional y textualmente entendemos por «China antigua» aquel mom...

I am trying to do two things by posting this material from my book-in-progress, Magic Matters: Science and Medicine in Chinese Popular Culture, 1600–1800. One is to invite constructive criticism 指正 (please respond directly to smithrj@rice.edu rather than to this website, unless you have something of general interest to say). And the other is to make my Asian-language and Western-language bibliographies available to anyone who might be interested. I have already imposed a draft preface and my preliminary bibliographies on a number of scholarly friends and colleagues, and have received valuable feedback. The preface is still no doubt incomplete (my fault, not theirs), but it should at least give an indication of what I am trying to do with my book. It also explains the title.

This paper first draws attention to the striking similarities between the parable for which Dr. Iain McGilchrist named his book, The Master and His Emissary, and the top line of 2nd hexagram, The Receptive, of the Chinese Book of Changes (I Ching). His  theory that the right hemisphere is all about ‘totality’ and the left hemisphere is about ‘parts’ or ‘fragments’ maps, not approximately to the first two hexagrams of the I Ching, but perfectly. The relationship between the hemispheres mirrors the relationship between the hexagrams. ‘Are the phenomenological aspects of ‘something taking place inside ourselves’ found explained in the Wilhelm translation of the I Ching?’, ‘Did the ancient Chinese mind know something about our human being that McGilchrist is just now revealing in a Western scientific manner?’ The parallel extends to the importance of how we attend to the world and the ‘bringing into union the polar opposites of division and unity’.

Resumen: Hoy, aunque las inscripciones de plastrones y huesos fueron descubiertas hace 120 años, todavía hay muchas palabras que no están descifradas debido a la falta de recursos, incluida la palabra "" que, en este texto, trataremos de descifrar. Este sinograma aparece en la placa H.J. 13399. Dicha pieza posee un contenido sobre la lluvia durante una ceremonia de alcohol, y en la que se ha registrado todo el proceso, lo que nos ofrece algunas pistas para descifrar el significado de ese carácter.

This paper will attempt to show what correspondences may exist between the sequence of the received order of the hexagrams and the sequences of the two arrangements of hexagrams developed in the previous paper on the xiang 象 "symbols" of the Yijing.

RESUMEN La mayor parte de las ricas concepciones filosóficas y científicas que nutrieron el pensamiento chino que conocemos hoy, se gestó en la conflictiva época final de la era anterior a la nuestra, del siglo V al II. Luego de leer trabajos de reputados sinólogos sobre el origen cosmológico y posterior evolución del concepto chino de paralelismo-emparejamiento en poesía, literatura, matemáticas y otras disciplinas, y dado que es tradición que todas las ramas del saber en China se fundamentan en el desarrollo de aquellas reflexiones iniciáticas, la autora se preguntó si esos conocimientos sobre la génesis cosmológica del concepto de paralelismo podrían también aplicarse a la Medicina china, ciencia que describe sus estructuras y funciones acopladas en parejas, partiendo simplemente de yinyang, matriz de todos los emparejamientos. Se obtendrían así fundamentos para explicar el acoplamiento de dinamismos en Medicina. Este trabajo parte de las inscripciones oraculares de la Antigüedad, base cosmológica de estas ideas, y sus aplicaciones a la literatura china y traslada este enfoque al estudio de los emparejamientos que describe la Medicina china gracias a los que se cumple la circulación de energía-sangre (qi-xue) en el ser humano. Las parejas orgánicas y funcionales que describe la Medicina china son elemento básico para la comprensión del concepto de salud y enfermedad y en este artículo se trata de las raíces cosmológicas de esos acoplamientos, la influencia de la resonancia cósmica y de la numerología en ellos y se ilustra el todo con la descripción del par biao li, diferente de nei wai, así como la relación funcional entre estas dos parejas. PALABRAS CLAVE: medicina china, cosmología, oráculos, paralelismo, emparejamiento, yinyang, biao li, nei wai, zang fu.

The previous paper discussed the first stage in the traditional development of the Zhouyi, the invention of the xiang 象 “symbols” known as trigrams and hexagrams, and this paper will look at the second stage, the appending of ci 辭 “statements” to the hexagrams and lines.

Traditionally there were two main stages in the development of the Zhouyi, the invention of the gua 卦 “trigrams” and “hexagrams” as xiang 象 “symbols,” and then the appending of ci 辭 “statements” or “words” to the hexagrams and lines. The former is the subject of this paper, while the latter will be taken up in the next paper.

We have hypothesized a model of the Ancient Chinese Worldview based on a new theory about how Acupuncture works constructed in this series of papers. In this paper we will compare that Model of the Chinese Worldview with the already formulated Model of the Western worldview. It was never expected that we would be able to build a Model of the Chinese worldview, but the theory of Acupuncture implies such a model intrinsically, and so it behooves us to try to see what that may tell us about the difference between the Chinese and Western worldviews.

Key Words:  Chinese Worldview, Western Worldview, Acupuncture; Homeopathy, Islamic Worldview, Worldviews. Schemas Theory, Special Systems Theory

Resumen.
Mostrando algunas analogías entre el pensamiento oriental, especialmente del antiguo taoísmo chino, y algunas escuelas psicológicas contemporáneas cercanas al neo-humanismo gestáltico y la llamada psicología transpersonal, en el presente ensayo se presentan y discuten los principales hallazgos de la ciencia psicológica sobre el proceso creativo, las características de personalidad de los sujetos altamente creativos y las circunstancias psicosociales que suelen favorecer el surgimiento de la creatividad.

Abstract.
Showing some analogies between eastern thought, especially of ancient chinese Taoism, and some contemporary psychological schools near the neo humanistic gestalt and the called transpersonal psychology, in this essay are presented and discussed the main findings of the science of psychology on the creative process, the personality traits of highly creative individuals and the psychosocial circumstances which tend to help to the emergence of creativity.