Sinai

The yield and bromatological composition of two cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Sinaí and Xaraés), in two soil types and three types of fertilizer, were evaluated by a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (2x2x3) with four repetitions. The variables studied were yields of green matter, dry matter, number of leaves, as well as plant height, crude protein, the contents of calcium, phosphorus and crude fiber. The fertilizer factor had a positive effect on the variable plant height. With the application of bovine manure, the highest average height of 96.06 cm was obtained. At 21 days, the highest green matter yield of 756.2 kg ha-1 was obtained with the mineral fertilizer. The dry matter content was significantly influenced by the triple interaction (p≤ 0.05), where Sinaí achieved the highest average value of 132.5 kg ha-1 at 21 days of regrowth. The highest average CP content was found in plants of both varieties that received chemical fertilization. The highest average Ca content was found in Sinaí (1.9%) and Xaraés (2.08%), which received organic fertilization. While the highest average content of P was found in Xaraés (0.42%) with the application of AMF. Finally, the Sinaí plant that received bovine manure in sterilized soil had a higher average CF content (27.27%). Organic and inorganic fertilization had a significant effect on grass yield and nutritional quality.

The palimpsest manuscript Sin. ar. NF 66 is one of the treasures of the Monastery of Saint Catherine located in the Sinai Peninsula. Nowadays it consists of a few fragmentary parchment sheets, but originally it was a larger codex of ca. 300 folia. Some of these leaves have been purloined from the Sinai and are now kept in Cambridge, Leipzig, and Saint Petersburg, while others have been lost. The codex contained the Lives of Palestinian monastic Saints in Arabic translation and was copied at the Monastery of Mar Saba near Jerusalem in the first quarter of the 10th century. It was later brought, under unknown circumstances, to the Sinai. All preserved folia are palimpsests, with scriptiones inferiores in Greek and Christian Palestinian Aramaic. This article focuses on one of the Greek erased texts – a previously unknown classical text in hexameters of mythological content – and offers its editio princeps. Based on an analysis of codicological and palaeographical features, combined with that of linguistic and stylistic elements, it will be suggested that the Sinai hexameters might originate from the Hieroi Logoi in 24 Rhapsodies, i.e. the longest lost Orphic poem we know of.

The topic of the Jubilee is a significant one, both in size and importance.  In the present paper, I seek to trace its emergence and evolution in the course of Scripture, from Ararat to Sinai, Jericho to Judah, Naboth’s vineyard to Jeremiah’s field, and Nazareth to the new heavens and earth.  The Jubliee is, in a nutshell, a declarative act of restoration.  It is an eschatological peak in Israel’s calendar, and, although it is typically viewed as a priestly abstraction, it actually turns out to be reflected in the ebb and flow of Israel’s history.

In terms of its theological and cultic significance, the Jubilee is grounded in three important principles:  the perfection of God’s plans, the purity of God’s person, and the sovereignty of God over the earth.  The Jubilee cycle is first initiated in the late 15th cent. BC in the aftermath of Jericho’s fall, once the land of Canaan has been divided among the Israelites.  While the land of Israel is a microcosm of God’s new Creation, it is nevertheless part of a fallen world.  As such, it is subject to the normal process of decay, decline, and pollution, and must be ‘rebooted’ (in Yom Kippur style) every seven weeks of years in order to bring the land of Israel back into line with its divine blueprint.  Aside from such reboots, Israel would go the way of the world, as is depicted in Nebuchadnezzar’s colossus.  The land would become progressively polluted, disordered, and removed from Yahweh’s Edenic ideal, until it reached a point of total de-creation and returned to dust.  Grounded in the day of Atonement, the Jubilee provides an antidote to such entropic decline.  But, of course, a reboot can never advance Israel beyond her initial condition.  The notion of a Jubilee ‘cycle’ therefore seems inherently frustrated, plagued by a kind of Qoheleth-like futility.

In the NT, Jesus cranks the notion of a Jubilee up a notch.  For Jesus, the Jubilee is not merely a reset of Israel’s initial conditions;  it is a reversion of all Creation to its initial (Edenic) condition.  As such, Jesus’ Jubilee is inextricably bound up with the defeat of Satan and the release of Israel and the nations from Satan’s dominion.  It is set against the backdrop of a chaotic wilderness, a worldwide day of atonement, and a cosmic showdown with the world’s powers and principalities, all of which notions are latent in ‘the Nazarean pericope’ (Luke 4.16-21), and are inherently connected with the person of Melchizedek and the conclusion of the Jubilee cycle in Second Temple literature.

Citadel site Th e site of Al-̒ Arish citadel has been identifi ed in the beginnings of the Ottoman era in Egypt during the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnifi cent, and it was on the maps of the book Marine "Kitabi Bahriye " commander Pîrî Reîs which ended with him between the years 930-932 AH/ 1523-1526 AD, where he was site Al-̒ Arish near the eastern shore of the lake, "Village ̒ Arş " 1 which is village of Al-̒ Arish. Pîrî Reîs presented a description of his time to the site of Al-̒ Arish in the light of the natural features of coastal terms of the West Lake, where he said: « East of Tina castle ... and walk north to Gaza, we fi nd the coast are all shallow, not accessible to large ships, and that region awash with sea when the area Al-̒ Arish to form what looks like a lake, which is fi lled with fi sh. and the village of Al-̒ Arish is located on the mainland at the end of that lake, and resides at the village of Al-̒ Arish collectors fees where they get fees from the outgoing and the next, and Gaza are located at a distance of seventy miles to the northeast of the lake at the mouth of Al-̒ Arish « 2. (Figures 1, 2).

In the historiography of the 1967 War, the common reading is to portray it as an
“inadvertent war.” Using recently declassified documents, this article offers an
alternative interpretation. In critically examining existing master plan theories,
it is shown that the United Arab Republic’s (UAR) military actions were limited
in size and were without aggressive intentions. The Israeli decision to strike was
taken not for military reasons but rather to prevent a diplomatic solution which
might have entailed disadvantages for the Israeli side.

A medical practitioner and talented draftsman, Alessandro Ricci was born in Siena, Italy, at the end of the eighteenth century. He traveled extensively throughout Egypt and Sudan between 1817 and 1822. During his stay, he worked as an epigraphist for Giovanni B. Belzoni in the tomb of Seti I and later entered into the service of British consul general Henry Salt and English explorer William John Bankes, on whose behalf he visited and documented Siwa (1820), Sinai (1820), and Nubia (1818–19 and 1821–22). Ricci also became the physician to Ibrahim Pasha and achieved fame for daringly saving his life during the military campaign that led to Egypt’s conquest of Sudan in 1821–22. Upon his return to Italy, Ricci wrote a long account of all his journeys and reworked a series of ninety plates into striking form, yet failed to publish either.
In 2009, Daniele Salvoldi identified a complete typewritten copy of Ricci’s Travels in the National Archives of Egypt in Cairo. Drawings intended to accompany the text as plates were tracked down in different locations in Italy and the United Kingdom. From Siena to Nubia is the English-translated critical edition, with notes and introductory chapters, of Ricci’s travel account, which provides detailed information about the countries he visited, including descriptions of ancient ruins and social customs, botanical and geological remarks, and historical and ethnographic observations. It adds to the recent, growing corpus of exploration literature on nineteenth-century Egypt as well as bringing to light obscure sources important to the early history of Egyptology.

... in societies where sexual relations before marriage are limited, for example, in Palestinian society (Bow ... This analysis presents a rather nuanced per-spective on the negotiation of power and gender ... to abolish public sexuality entirely – after all, this was now a tourist resort – but ...

According to the Book of Exodus (13:17-18), after the exodus from Egypt, the
Children of Israel did not take the shortest and most logical route to Canaan,
which would have been the one on the North of Sinai, that goes by the cost of
the Mediterranean from Egypt to Gaza, through the territories of the philistines,
known as “The Route of the Land of the Philistines” or simply as “Via Maris”.
The chosen route was described as the “Route of the Red Sea Desert”. The
children of Israel headed to the South in the direction of the middle of the desert
to the areas external to Egyptian ruling. The proximity to Egypt, the risk of starting a war with the philistines, the existence of Egyptian fortress in that
region, the existence of a Divine plan, tests, the search for spirituality, the
preparation of an army to conquer Canaan and the creation of a nation are
some of the reasons that prevented the Israelites from choosing the shortest
way.

Over historical time the vegetative cover and evolutionary biodiversity of the Sinai has been in large part lost. Imagine the importance if it were possible to restore the region to ecological health. Click on the link to KOSMOS Journal to read the article.

This essay outlines and classifies the earliest occurrences of the Trinitarian Synthronoi iconography in the Byzantine cultural sphere: the image of the human figures of the Father and the Son, seated on a shared throne and accompanied by the dove of the Holy Spirit. The Synthronoi became a popular image in Western art after the twelfth century to vividly convey the Latin teaching about the procession of the Holy Spirit from both the Father and the Son, the so-called filioque. However, the Eastern appearance of this iconography in the fourteenth century is much less self-evident, given that the Orthodox questioned the filioque formula in the Western Creed, since according to their position, the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father only. By exploring the underlying motives of appropriating a Western Trinitarian iconography in Byzantine and post-Byzantine art, this study reconsiders the question of the transmission of Trinitarian iconography between the Christian West and the East in light of their disagreement about the Holy Trinity.

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110695618-008/html

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH: The overall objectives of the University of Toronto expedition to South Sinai include tracing pharaonic routes and camps en route to the turquoise and copper mining region, investigating pharaonic and indigenous camps, mines, and their material culture assemblages in this region, and assessing Egypto-Sinaitic cross-cultural relations within this region. The 2000-2001 reconnaissance work and 2002 excavations in South Sinai focussed on Site 346, a New Kingdom anchorage and copper smelting camp beside the Red Sea, located at the northern end of El-Markha Plain and west of the mining region around Serabit el-Khadim. A topographic map was generated for Site 346 and this mound yielded a limited repertoire of pottery, copper furnaces, copper nodules, and crucible fragments, grinding stones and pounders, lithics, some faience beads, marine shells, urchin spines, and fish bones.  A surface survey revealed two contemporary, small pottery scatters (Sites 346a-b) two km to the south.  The project also investigated a circular, limestone structure (Site 345), 1.7 km to the south of 346.  In addition, the project has incorporated satellite image interpretation to isolate vegetation signatures and associated water sources within the arid environment of El-Markha Plain, thereby detecting potential archaeological sites for ground reconnaissance work. This report concentrates mainly on the results of the 2000-2001 reconnaissance, but incorporates some preliminary results from the 2002 excavations.

Bilingual exhibition catalogue (Greek and English). It includes two new chapters, by Anastasia Drandaki and Titos Papammastorakis. The catalogue entries were first published in "Byzantium, Faith and Power (1261-1557)"¸  ed. H.C. Evans, New York 2004.

Chapter 28: e-HRM Application in Tourism and Hospitality in Sinai of Egypt
Abstract
The emergence of e-HRM in tourism and hospitality industry in Sinai of Egypt depicts the challenges in competency, performance and compensation associated with progressing the human resource function towards handling the effective managerial decisions. The emergence leads to a variety of investment vehicles evolving a competitive and user friendly tool which is available for anytime, anywhere access. Thus, the delicate situations of dependency on person-based decision-making, which is highly pervasive on memory and mood consistencies for making judgements are regularised and facilitated by data. Thus, puzzles and mathematical reliance on human-based sincerities are delinked and merged to machine-based delivery, subjected to auditing at varied levels of inputs and alerts. Many intuitive, heuristics and biases that deviate the rationalisation of decision-making process are leveraged and captured continuously so that various possibilities can be formed as an algorithm at later stages. These determine the tendency to bond stronger on technology reliability. The competitiveness among decision-makers to tackle situation is completely matched to performance dependent and competency of the resources applied to the activity of deployment. The evolved system is through the stakeholders’ inputs through ‘one-to-one’, ‘one-to-many’ and ‘many-to-one’ of the tour management team, with vital inclusive of the guest responses which make it as an essential connect in the genesis for understanding the market segment for the content knowledge on the guests’ profile, behaviour and preferences expected. Sinai of Egypt is a nice place for tourism, it’s a paradise in offering, with places such as Sharm El Sheikh, Naama Bay, Ras Mohammed National Park, Mount Sinai, St Catherine’s Monastery and Resorts of Dahab, Nuweiba and Taba for travellers to choose a wide range of plush five-star resorts at relatively low prices, with good weather, beyond sea-and-sand. The News media Harteez in the year 2019 had quoted that according to the Egyptian Tourism Ministry, the tourism industry had brought in $12 billion in 2018, which a mere half during the previous year. This potential can be harnessed with the adorable use of technology which can help this industry to reach unlimited geography and bring travel and leisure customers to enjoy the beauty of the creator.
Keywords: Tourism Hospitality Development E-HRM Sinai Egypt
Citation
Said, M.M.T. and Umachandran, K. (2020), "e-HRM Application in Tourism and Hospitality in Sinai of Egypt", Hassan, A. and Sharma, A. (Ed.) The Emerald Handbook of ICT in Tourism and Hospitality, Emerald Publishing Limited, pp. 441-452. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-688-720201028

In this paper, I argue for a new ancient Middle Eastern chronology in which the Mesopotamian "high" chronology is used in correlation with K. A. Kitchen's "low" chronology for the Egyptian Twelfth Dynasty. Although my primary focus is on the Akkadian empire and the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties in Egypt, I also show that this chronological reconciliation obtains widespread consistency with data over the total period of Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilisation throughout the third and second millennia B.C. I also discuss the Hebrew chronology in the framework of this new ME chronology.

Presentation at Current Research in Egyptology XVIII in Prague, on the 25 June 2018.

"The mining and quarrying expeditions were crucial in the economic and political landscape of Eighteenth Dynasty Egypt, as the collection of raw material allowed the power to maintain stronghold on its means of representation. Gold notably came from Nubia, turquoise from Sinai (especially the site of Serabit el-Khadim up to the reign of Amenhotep III it appears) and the quarrying sites for building stones are more or less well recorded (especially quarries of the Wadi Hammamat). Distant from the Nile valley, these sites were reached by temporary organised expeditions, led by an array of officials. It is believed that examining these officials will provide an insight in the destination of the collected goods, temples or institutions. As a result, the office of the treasury and that of Overseer of the seals are closely examined. For instance Si-month, an official dating of the reign of Thutmose III, left testimony of his visit in the temple of Hathor, Lady of turquoise, in Serabit el-Khadim."

The development of science and technology parks is considered to have an intensive consumption of time, human and economic resources. An investigation to the evolution and development of successful science and technology parks around the world helps to determine the best key measures and policies shaping their success. The aim of this paper is to compare two practices of developing science and technology parks. The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof, one of the most successful high-tech parks in Germany that reached its cruising speed in terms of performance and turnovers. The second is Valley of Technology, Ismailia (VTI), a 21 years old project reintroduced within the new Suez Canal Area Development Project. Since the initiation of the project, the project has been criticized for its underperformance and for missing its planned completion date in 2009. The adapted methodology is to present both case studies and to analyze them comparatively in order to extract learned lessons and recommendations to optimize and enhance the development model of VTI.

publication of a short papyrus found on the site of Wadi el-Jarf (Red Sea Shore) which could have been used as a "id card" and a "laissez passer" throught the oriental desert track by an official who bore the title of "Great of the Carrying chair" and controler of the Dwarves. He could have been the direct predecessor of the famous Seneb-dwarf whose famous statue is kept in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Par cette étude détaillée de nos Lois en passant également par des chapitres comme la Torah du Ciel, la Réparation du Monde, le Guer Toshav, l'Epoque Messianique...le Rav Moshé Weiner nous emmène à la découverte de notre identité, de notre mission.
Rentrons pleinement dans cette étude et raffinons davantage nos connaissances pour une meilleure application de nos obligations selon la voie de la Torah pour les nations du monde !

استرعت شبه جزيرة سيناء انتباه المصريين القدماء لما تمثله من أهمية اقتصادية وموقع استراتيجي متميز جعلها مصب اهتمام فراعنة مصر , فبالنسبة للأهمية الاقتصادية جذبت سيناء منذ العصر العتيق الباحثين عن الفيروز , وتركت لنا بعثات التعدين العديد من اللوحات بمناطق  التعدين, تم اختيار لوحات الدولة الحديثة بمنطقة سرابيط الخادم موضوعاً للبحث والدراسة , ويهدف البحث إلي دراسة هذه اللوحات دراسة تحليلية بما ورد عليها من مناظر ونصوص.
    يقوم المنهج العلمي لهذا البحث علي تقسيمه إلي بابين :
          الباب الأول : يتناول مصادر الدراسة (اللوحات) : ويحتوي علي أربعة فصول كالتالي :-
- الفصل الأول :  " منطقة سرابيط الخادم " فيها يتم تناول أهمية سيناء من الناحية الإستراتيجية والاقتصادية, واهم مواقع استخراج الفيروز, مع التركيز علي منطقة سرابيط الخادم بما تحتويه من المناجم , المعبد ,  المحاجر واللوحات.
- الفصل الثاني :  " اللوحات الملكية " فيه تم تناول اللوحات الملكية بالدراسة, مع شرح المناظر المنفذة عليها وترجمة النصوص الواردة.
- الفصل الثالث :  " لواحات الأفراد " فيه تم تناول لوحات الأفراد بالدراسة, مع شرح المناظر المنفذة عليها وترجمة النصوص الواردة.
- الفصل الرابع : " اللوحات المجهولة " ينقسم هذا الفصل إلي جزأين : الأول يتناول "اللوحات الملكية " , والجزء الثاني: يتناول" لوحات الأفراد".

  الباب الثاني : " الدراسة والتحليل" ويحتوي هذا الباب علي أربعة فصول كالتالي :-
- الفصل الأول :  "اللوحات تعريفها , تطورها ومواد صناعتها"
- الفصل الثاني : "الغرض الديني للموضوعات المصورة علي اللوحات"
- الفصل الثالث : "الملامح الفنية للوحات "
- الفصل الرابع : "دراسة النصوص الواردة علي اللوحات"

    خلصت الدراسة الى : التأكيد علي أهمية ارض سيناء لما لها من خصائص وصفات تجارية واستراتيجية , بالإضافة إلي إبراز أهمية منطقة سرابيط الخادم كمصدر للفيروز , وساعدت الدراسة أيضا في تحديد نوع ودور اللوحات الموجودة  بمنطقة سرابيط الخادم حيث انقسمت إلي قسمين لوحات تذكارية : وهي لوحات نصبت بمنطقة سرابيط الخادم بواسطة كبار موظفي البعثات كشاهد علي نجاح البعثات ,  ولوحات نذرية : حيث اهديت إلي المعبودات بواسطة الأفراد.

  وأظهرت الدراسة الدور الذي لعبته المعبودة حتحور في مناطق التعدين , وأمدتنا بالمعلومات عن تكوين الهيكل  الإداري والفني لبعثات التعدين, وأبرزت الدراسة العلاقة بين المواقع الأثرية المكتشفة بمنطقة شمال سيناء ومناطق التعدين بجنوب سيناء  وخلصت الدراسة إلي التأكيد علي ان نشاطات الدولة الحديثة في مناطق التعدين بجنوب سيناء كانت من خلال بعثات مصرية.

As part of the peace accords with Egypt over 30 years ago, Israel was
required to evacuate the Sinai Peninsula and to transfer its three military
bases to the Negev. The largest of them was moved to Tel Malhata in the
northern Negev. Toward its establishment, it was necessary to evacuate
and resettle the Bedouin residents. The article reconstructs and analyzes
the steps that preceded this process, including specific legislation, attempts
to reach agreements during the legislative process, and the program that
was ultimately accepted and implemented. It traces the circumstances that
made it possible for the resettlement to take place without extensive public
protest and without the authorities having to resort to enforcement. It
examines the implications of this process for the long-term relationships
between the State of Israel and its Bedouin citizens. Moreover, a complex
of factors is presented, both changing and permanent, internal and external,
that influenced the outcome. The contribution of this study lies in its
scrutiny of the successes, limitations, failures, and future implications of
the process through the perspective of time. Thus, it can serve as the basis
for understanding the contextual changes that have taken place from then
until today.

Semitic toponyms in the Wadi Tumilat, which mostly date to the Late Ramesside Period, are an indication that this region was inhabited at that time by a western Semitic population. They may have been survivors of the Hyksos Period even though the syllabic writing and the chronology of the toponyms indicate that they may better be identified with settled Shasu nomads, such as mentioned in Papyrus Anastasi VI, who came from the region of Edom seeking “temporary” permission to stay in the Wadi in order to keep their flocks alive. With some caution some of them may be considered as Proto-Israelites with the understanding that the ethnogenesis of these people had not yet been terminated. Because of the toponym Gsm and other reasons, the Wadi can be identified as the biblical land of Goshen.
A complete four-room-house and a part of another one had been found in the precinct of the temple of Aya and Horemheb in western Thebes. According to the excavators from the University of Chicago these buildings were shelters for workmen who had to quarry from this temple building material for a nearby temple project of Ramses IV. Most likely they were also Shasu-nomades, former prisoners of war, captured during a campaign by Ramses III in the region of Seïr (Papyrus Harris I.76: 9–11). This is more or less the same region from which the Shasu, mentioned in papyrus Anastasi VI, came from and at the same time a region where, according to the Bible, the Lord came forth (Deut. 33:2; Judg. 5:4; Habakuk 3:3). The four-room-house appears at the same time at the end of the 13th and the 12th century BC in Canaan and is considered to be the prototypical house of the Israelites until the Babylonian Exile. It was at least in use in the 12th century BC by carriers of the same Iron Age I culture as the Proto-Israelites.
The settling places of the early Israelites at Goshen and Ramses were in all likelihood not identical but two different regions, one in the Wadi Tumilat and the other in the environment of the Delta residence of the Ramses- sides: Piramesse. The two regions were not well connected in the geographic conditions of that time. Therefore, at least two different realistic Exodus scenarios can be offered. One during the ascent of the founder of the 20th Dynasty Sethnakht who came to power against an opposition which seems to have bought the support of Near- Easteners. Here the exit route from the Ramses Town along the easternmost Nile branch to the north-west and the crossing of the predecessor of the Ballah Lakes can be offered. A second scenario could be reconstructed in the time after the invasion of the Sea Peoples and the loss of the province of Canaan under Ramses III. This king conducted at that time substantive defensive constructions at Tell er-Retaba, a site with a temple of Atum, and therefore can be identified with the second major biblical town in Egypt Pithom. It seems therefore likely that local settlers, among them former Shasu nomads, were recruited for such works in this otherwise thinly settled area. As a second Exodus route for unhappy recruits, one may identify the track to the east and through the Timsah Lake and finally to the south Sinai. The period of Ramses III and his successors would also fit to the absence of meeting Egyptians after the crossing of the Sea of Reeds in the narrative of the Exodus as the province of Canaan had been abandoned by the Egyptians latest in the second part of the 12th century BC. This is the most likely period of settlement in Canaan and would explain the prolonged time of wandering.
The combination of Egyptian toponyms mentioned in the books Genesis and Exodus and the geographic context have the likeliest fitting in the Ramesside geography of the eastern Delta. Later editorial input also brings Late Period concepts into the picture; nevertheless, the Ramesside context remains still clearly recognizable.