Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

The Guidelines are directed to practitioners who wish to familiarise themselves with the evidence required to establish legal requirements of SGBV crimes under international criminal law. Emblematic international and selected historic national case law that address each of the seven SGBV crimes under the ICC Statute are reviewed, in order to provide:
• An overview of the legal requirements of underlying acts of SGBV crimes under the ICC Statute;
• Access to the relevant paragraphs of case law that address the means of proof of SGBV crimes;
• Empirical means of proof and evidence typology charts of each of the SGBV crimes;
• Understanding of the evidentiary requirements of SGBV crimes as well as their trends and divergences.
The Guidelines also provide an outline of the legal requirements of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes.

This paper evaluates the potential of criminal law as a remedy to address gynaecological and obstetric violence (GOV). Despite its prevalence, GOV remains underreported due to societal stigma and insufficient legal recognition at both international and regional levels. The paper begins by addressing the absence of a universally accepted legal definition of GOV, framing it as a violation of women’s human rights. It then explores the efficacy of criminal law in addressing the multifaceted nature of GOV, which encompasses physical, mental, and emotional abuses. Drawing on the experiences of Venezuela and France, the paper highlights the divergent legal approaches to defining and criminalizing GOV. Venezuelan legislation provides a detailed definition focusing on the dehumanizing treatment and loss of autonomy experienced by women, whereas the recent French proposal broadens the scope to include sexist offences within obstetric and gynaecological care. The paper argues for the preference of the broader concept of GOV over obstetric violence (OV) to encompass abuses occurring in various reproductive health contexts. Furthermore, it examines international and regional human rights frameworks, including the jurisprudence of the CEDAW Committee and the Inter-American and European Courts of Human Rights, identifying GOV as a form of gender-based violence and potential inhuman or degrading treatment. The discussion then focuses on the shortcomings of tort and disciplinary law in addressing GOV, advocating for criminal law as a more effective deterrent and means of societal education. Ultimately, the paper calls for a nuanced approach, combining legal reform with educational initiatives to eradicate the cultural norms perpetuating GOV.

RESUMEN
Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud considera la violencia de género como un grave problema de salud pública. Una de cada cuatro mujeres entre 15 y 49 años ha sufrido violencia de género a lo largo de su vida desde los 15 años, esto conlleva graves consecuencias para la salud no solo de las mujeres sino también de sus hijas e hijos. Desde la Organización Sanitaria Integrada Bilbao-Basurto y la Universidad del País Vasco existe el compromiso de dar respuesta a este importante problema a través de la implementación de la Guía de Buenas Prácticas: El maltrato contra las mujeres: cribado, identificación y respuesta inicial. Objetivo. Reflexionar acerca del proceso de implementación en los ámbitos asistencial y académico de la guía de buenas prácticas clínicas sobre “El maltrato contra las mujeres de la Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario RNAO: cribado, identificación y respuesta inicial. Temas de reflexión. En este artículo se abordarán dos temas de reflexión: 1) Descripción de la metodología de implementación. 2) Descripción de cada una de las fases, tanto en el ámbito clínico como académico. Conclusiones. La Guía de Buenas prácticas “El maltrato contra las mujeres de la RNAO: cribado, identificación y respuesta inicial”, presenta una herramienta útil para la implementación de buenas prácticas en los sistemas sanitarios que ayudan a la lucha contra la violencia de género. Las enfermeras y otros profesionales de la salud se encuentran en una posición privilegiada para ayudar a las mujeres que sufren abuso/violencia de su pareja íntima.
Palabras clave:
Violencia de Género; Centros de Salud; Enfermeras y Enfermeros; Personal de Salud; Guía de Práctica Clínica

ABSTRACT
Introduction. The World Health Organization considers gender-based violence to be a severe public health problem. One in four women between 15 and 49 years of age has suffered gender-based violence in her lifetime since the age of 15. It has severe consequences for the health not only of women but also of their children. The Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Health Organization and the University of the Basque Country are committed to responding to this critical problem through the implementation of the Good Practice Guide: Abuse against Women: Screening, identification, and initial response. Objective. To reflect on the process of implementation of the good clinical practice guide on “Abuse against women in the RNAO: screening, identification and initial response”. Reflection topics. This article will address two topics for reflection: 1) Description of the implementation methodology. 2) Description of each of the phases, both clinically and academically. Conclusions. The RNAO Good Practice Guide: “RNAO Woman Abuse: Screening, identification and initial response”, presents a useful tool for implementing exemplary practices in health systems that help in the fight against gender-based violence. Nurses and other health professionals are in a privileged position to assist women in the fight agains t gender-based violence.
Keywords:
Gender-Based Violence; Community Health Centers; Nurses; Health Personnel; Practice Guideline

RESUMO
Introdução. A Organização Mundial da Saúde considera a violência de gênero um grave problema de saúde pública. Uma em cada quatro mulheres entre 15 e 49 anos de idade sofreu violência de gênero durante a vida, desde os 15 anos. Ela tem sérias consequências para a saúde não apenas das mulheres, mas também de seus filhos. A Organização Integrada de Saúde de Bilbao-Basurto e a Universidade do País Basco estão comprometidas em responder a esse importante problema por meio da implementação do Guia de Boas Práticas: Abuso contra mulheres: triagem, identificação e resposta inicial. Objetivo. Refletir sobre o processo de implementação do guia de boas práticas clínicas sobre “Abuso de mulheres na RNAO: triagem, identificação e resposta inicial”. Temas para reflexão. Este artigo abordará dois tópicos para reflexão: 1) Descrição da metodologia de implementação. 2) Descrição de cada uma das fases, tanto em ambientes clínicos quanto acadêmicos. Conclusões. O Guia de Boas Práticas da RNAO: “RNAO Woman Abuse: Screening, Identification and Initial Response” (Abuso de mulheres na RNAO: triagem, identificação e resposta inicial), apresenta uma ferramenta útil para a implementação de boas práticas nos sistemas de saúde para auxiliar na luta contra a violência de gênero. Os enfermeiros e outros profissionais de saúde estão em uma posição única para ajudar as mulheres na luta contra a violência de gênero.
Palavras-chave:
Violência de Gênero; Centros de Saúde; Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros; Pessoal de Saúde; Guia de Prática Clínica

While perspectives on gendered and sexual experiences, practices, and norms during the Holocaust have significantly changed in recent decades, questions remain about how to understand and represent these topics, particularly gender-based and sexual violence. In this conversation, six Holocaust scholars, from varied backgrounds and representing different generations, respond to questions posed by the special issue editors, Dorota Glowacka and Regina Mühlhäuser. They discuss the current state of debates about gender, sexuality, and sexual violence during the Holocaust. Reflecting on the material conditions and distinguishable geographical and ideological coordinates in which they have conducted their work, they recount ideas and scholarly currents that have helped them generate their specific modes of understanding. They consider the challenges and obstacles to knowledge production they have faced at various stages of their work, revealing how ingrained assumptions about gender and sexuality circumscribe research questions, methods of inquiry, and the ways in which their findings are interpreted, presented, and received. While they address the impact of changing social sensibilities and perceptions of gender and sexuality on their work and point to the emergence of new themes and areas of study, they also draw attention to the subjects that remain unexamined, socially sanctioned, or excluded from rigorous examination.
To unpack these and other questions, the special issue editors, Dorota Glowacka and Regina Mühlhäuser, have invited Anna Hájková, Atina Grossmann, Björn Krondorfer, Joanna Ostrowska, Kenny Fries, and Zoë Waxman to discuss approaches, experiences, insights, and challenges regarding their work on gender, sexuality, and sexual violence during the Holocaust. The questions and answers were exchanged by email in the spring and summer of 2023.

The purpose of the research is to determine the present status of cybercrimes in Bangladesh and how they differ in terms of gender, age, and profession. It also attempts to clarify the functions of Bangladesh's current cyber laws and the frequency with which assistance is requested from them.

La ciberviolencia en el noviazgo es un problema social y de salud pública, por ello la comunidad científica ha incrementado su estudio, aunque la mayoría se ha centrado en población heterosexual y cisgénero. Debido a esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar factores de riesgo para la ciberviolencia en el noviazgo conformado por mujeres. Este trabajo hizo uso del Cyber Dating Abuse Questionnaire, la Escala de Actitudes de Rol de Género y de un cuestionario ad hoc. sobre la práctica del sexting; por lo que se realizó desde el paradigma positivista con enfoque cuantitativo para obtener los análisis de confiabilidad y normalidad, las principales medidas de tendencia central, la distribución de frecuencias por ítem y las correlaciones entre las dimensiones de los instrumentos utilizados. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró la baja frecuencia de conductas de control y agresión directa online y una asociación significativa de estas con el sexting y las creencias sobre los mitos del amor romántico. Asimismo, se resalta la necesidad de continuar incrementando las pesquisas enfocadas en minorías sexuales para el desarrollo de programas de prevención e intervención especializados en esta comunidad.

This short communication is based on a qualitative study investigating the relationship between digital technologies and gender-based violence (GBV). The term, TechViolence Nexus, introduced in this article, offers an in-depth understanding of the cyclic interaction between digital coercive control and (socio)digital inequalities. It highlights the ambiguities created by technologies in victim-survivors’ lives, revealing the ways in which digital coercive control intensifies and prolongs the reach of perpetrators and excludes women from technological spaces. Our framework calls for a reimagining of technology design and policy implementation that accounts for the impacts of GBV and digital inequalities on women's experiences of technologies.

An experimental workshop brought together 20 stand-up comedians,environmental advocates, artists, researchers, and professors inYaoundé, Cameroon on 27 and 28 March 2023. Building upon historicaltraditions of les griots and the popularity of contemporary comedic ora-tion in Cameroon, our collaborative and interactive workshop centeredefforts to move beyond dominant and colonial formulas to think crea-tively about the potentials, limitations, and logistics of humor asa methodological orientation. In this coauthored reflection, we build onthe emergent insights generated during our workshop and proposefuture directions for social scientists and geographers keen to mobilizehumor in their intellectual projects. We consider (a) the relations betweenhumor and socio-political and socio-ecological dynamics (including inpolitical contexts of authoritarianism); (b) the need to ground an academicmethodology of humor in nuanced and place-based knowledges; and(c) the possibilities and dangers of humor in a wider intellectual praxisseeking to decenter and deprivilege power in research relations and tomotivate certain forms of self-critique during research. More broadly, weargue that humor might contribute in the larger ongoing project ofmoving African geographical scholarship toward practices of creativity,experimentation, and joy beyond ‘damage-centered, deficit-centered, andextractive academic approaches.