Intimate Partner Violence

Violence against adolescent girls occurs at alarmingly high rates in conflict-affected settings, in part due to their increased vulnerability from their age and gender. However, humanitarian programming efforts have historically focused either on child abuse prevention or intimate partner violence prevention and have not fully addressed the specific needs of adolescent girls, including engagement of caregivers to reduce risk of violence against adolescent girls. Thus, the objectives of this analysis are to examine the whether gendered and parental attitudes of caregivers in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were associated with their adolescent girls' experiences of violence and girls' attitudes towards IPV. Cross-sectional data from 869 girls (10–14 years) and their caregivers (n = 764) were drawn from a baseline assessment of a violence prevention evaluation conducted in 2015. Findings suggest that female caregiver's gender equitable attitudes for adults may be associated with reduced odds of sexual abuse and less acceptance of IPV for adolescent girl children. Parenting attitudes and beliefs and gender equity for girl children were not associated with violence risk for girls, while increased accepting attitudes of negative discipline were only associated with lowered odds of sexual abuse. Understanding of caregivers' attitudes may provide potential insight into how to more effectively engage and develop programming for caregivers to promote the safety and well-being of adolescent girls.

Dossier de Presentación del Programa Viopet VioPet es un programa que acoge temporal o definitivamente a los animales domésticos de
víctimas de la violencia familiar. Esta iniciativa surge desde GEVHA (Grupo para el Estudio de la Violencia hacia Humanos y Animales) y el
Observatorio de Violencia Hacia los Animales a partir de la relación establecida entre la violencia hacia animales y humanos y debido a
la falta de protección de los animales que desemboca en una desprotección total de les víctimas humanas que sufren este
fenómeno.

Traditionally, intimate-partner violence has been considered a special type of crime that occurs behind closed doors, with different characteristics from street-level crime. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial overlap of police calls reporting street-level and behind-closed-doors crime. We analyzed geocoded police calls in the 552 census-block groups of the city of Valencia, Spain, related to street-level crime (N = 26,624) and to intimate-partner violence against women (N = 11,673). A Bayesian joint model was run to analyze the spatial overlap. In addition, two Bayesian hierarchical models controlled for different neighborhood characteristics to analyze the relative risks. Results showed that 66.5% of the total between-area variation in risk of reporting street-level crime was captured by a shared spatial component, while for reporting IPVAW the shared component was 91.1%. The log relative risks showed a correlation of 0.53, with 73.6% of the census-block groups having ...

This study assesses whether severity of physical partner aggression is associated with alcohol consumption at the time of the incident, and whether the relationship between drinking and aggression severity is the same for men and women and across different countries. National or large regional general population surveys were conducted in 13 countries as part of the GENACIS collaboration. Respondents described the most physically aggressive act done to them by a partner in the past 2 years, rated the severity of aggression on a scale of 1 to 10, and reported whether either partner had been drinking when the incident occurred. Severity ratings were significantly higher for incidents in which one or both partners had been drinking compared to incidents in which neither partner had been drinking. The relationship did not differ significantly for men and women or by country. We conclude that alcohol consumption may serve to potentiate violence when it occurs, and this pattern holds acros...

This article is based on qualitative research in Mexico City focused on low-income women who face intimate partner violence. It is in line with works that question, through the lens of intersectionality, the false opposition between agency and victimization observed in a large proportion of literature on intimate partner violence. The investigation analyzes the women's descriptions of the everyday forms of resistance they use to survive alongside their aggressors. Our results demonstrate that, through different resistance strategies, they exert different forms of agency that are, or can be, a way of questioning male domination, and can lead to a more open demand for rights, if adequate social and institutional conditions are met.

This project set out to understand and support the integration of evidence-based, effective screening, risk assessment and first-line response to domestic violence (DV) into the complex system of antenatal care. It built on existing resources and research to focus on women assessed as currently in "lower risk" situations, who are often not in contact with DV services but attended health services for pregnancy. Disciplines Education | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Hegarty, K., Spangaro, J., Koziol-McLain, J., Walsh, J., Lee, A., Kyei-Onanjiri, M., Matthews, R., Valpied, J., Chapman, J., Hooker, L., McLindon, E., Novy, K. & Spurway, K. (2020). Sustainability of identification and response to domestic violence in antenatal care: The SUSTAIN Study. Sydney: ANROWS. https://www.anrows.org.au/project/the-sustain-study/ Authors Kelsey Hegarty, Jo Spangaro, Jane Koziol-McLain, Jeannette Walsh, Amelia Lee, Minerva Kyei-Onanjiri, Robyn Matthews, Jodie Valpied, Je...

This systematic review is the first published attempt to synthesize literature pertaining to intimate partner violence (IPV) interventions impacting South Asian women in the United States. Applying the conceptual framework of intersectionality, the goals of this review are to (1) understand current trends, intervention modalities, and areas of focus within IPV interventions targeting South Asian communities in the United States and (2) to identify gaps in the address of IPV among these communities. Using the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we searched 35 databases and identified 12 research studies. Our study included a collective sample of 318 South Asian IPV survivors and 25 organizations. Findings underscore that there are minimal IPV interventions available to South Asian women living in the United States. Most interventions have not been systematically evaluated, making their efficacy questionable. Those that reported outcome evaluation, namely recurrence of IPV, demonstrated limited efficacy. IPV research on South Asian women often dismisses financial concerns in light of cultural dimensions impacting IPV. Given that financial dependence is a major driver of violence against South Asian women, scholars must question the efficacy of available interventions that cannot foster the social and economic security of IPV survivors. Without sufficient attention to the intersecting social, cultural, and economic challenges that South Asian women face in abusive relationships, the efficacy of IPV interventions will remain limited.

Asian populations living in the United States share similar cultural values that influence their experiences with domestic violence. However, it is critical to recognize how differential cultural beliefs in the context of immigration and adjustment to life in the United States affect attitudes, interpretations, and response to domestic violence. This article discusses findings from community-based participatory action research that explores how Cambodian immigrant women talk about domestic violence, what forms of abuse contribute to domestic violence, and what strategies they use to cope with and respond to abuse in their lives. The richness of this research lies in the stories that immigrant women tell about their struggle and their strength in addressing domestic violence.

Intimate partner aggression (IPA) is a complex construct composed of the means and the motivations by which a person harms his or her intimate partner. Existing measures only assess forms of IPA perpetration while neglecting to measure the motivations for aggressing. The present study sought to fill this lacuna by adapting and validating an existing measure of the forms and functions of adolescent peer aggression to assess IPA perpetration in adults. This new measure-the Forms and Functions of Intimate Partner Aggression (FFIPA)-comprises 4 latent dimensions of IPA (i.e., overt, relational, proactive, and reactive). Participants were 341 heavy-drinking heterosexual couples (N ϭ 682) with a recent history of psychological and/or physical IPA recruited from 2 metropolitan cities in the United States. The FFIPA demonstrated good model fit and internal validity. Unique patterns of convergent and criterion-related validity supported the 4 dimensions of the FFIPA. Results also indicated women perpetrated significantly more overt and relational aggression than men. Findings support the FFIPA as a valid measure of the forms and functions of IPA perpetration. More important, as the only instrument that parses the forms and functions of IPA perpetration, the FFIPA delineates the unique motivations of an aggressive partner separately from the form of his or her aggressive behavior(s). Further replication is needed to generalize this measure to nonconflictual and other types of intimate relationships. Public Significance Statement This study validated a new instrument that measures why and by what means heterosexual adults are aggressive toward their intimate partners. This instrument will allow researchers and practitioners to understand the function of aggressive behavior separate from its form.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has devastating consequences for the women who experience it and a traumatic effect on children who witness it. Abused women are not passive victims but rather they adopt active strategies to maximize their safety and that of their children. This study determined the impact of IPV and coping strategies adopted among women in military and civilian communities of Abuja, Nigeria. Data was collected from 260 married or co-habiting women in civilian and military populations, on impact of IPV among them and adopted coping strategies including suggested solutions to evade or cushion the effect. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to complement quantitative data. Result of analyzed data was presented in charts while FGD data was subjected to content analysis.All the respondents in the FGD groups unanimously agreed that IPV impacts negatively on a victim"s health. Majority of civilian 46 (42.6%) and military 59 (45.4%) IPV victims sought he...

The aim of the present study was to identify the main risk factors and treatment needs of batterer intervention program (BIP) participants with alcohol and drug abuse problems (ADAPs), beyond issues strictly related to their substance abuse, taking into account four sets of variables: sociodemographic (i.e., age, educational level, income, employment, and immigrant status); personality disorders and psychological adjustment (i.e., clinical symptomatology, personality disorders, anger, impulsivity, and self-esteem); social-relational variables (i.e., community support, intimate support, stressful life events, and perceived social rejection); and violence-related variables (i.e., family violence exposure, perceived severity of intimate partner violence against women [IPVAW], ambivalent sexism, risk of future violence, physical and psychological intimate partner violence, motivation to change, and stage of change). The study was based on a sample of 1,039 male IPVAW offenders court-man...

The Author analyzes some researches which have been carried out in the USSR, Ukraine, the USA and Great Britain, concerning to gender aspects of different kinds of domestic violence. The data crime statistics and results of sociological researches are resulted. It is revealed, that wives in the greater measure are subject to violence which has serious consequences, during too time of the man in less measure are inclined to declare about the facts of intimate violence.

ABSTRACT Smartphones are used to both perpetrate and intervene in dating and domestic violence (DV). However, existing DV literature primarily evaluates technology as a tool for perpetration and emerging frameworks that measure eHealth app interventions have not yet considered DV. To address this gap, the Dating and Domestic Violence App Rubric assesses smartphone-based DV intervention apps along common eHealth app measures such as user responsiveness and security as well as DV-appropriateness – categories derived from eHealth intervention theory and evidence-based DV interventions. As proof of concept, 38 DV intervention apps for iPhone were measured using this rubric. K-means cluster analysis identified three clusters (high, medium, low). Apps targeting specific users or a specific intervention strategy tended to score higher overall. Findings suggest high-quality DV intervention apps may depend on active collaboration between stakeholders including app developers, DV advocates, and other professionals. Future research should expand this research to include additional DV apps and explore how individuals use smartphone apps to prevent or intervene in DV.

This article offers a qualitative, institutional analysis of the dynamics of revictimization as the accumulation of disadvantages over time and across different institutional contexts, and its multiple gender dimensions. It draws on 37 qualitative interviews with victims of intimate partner violence, detailing the institutional causal pathways to victimization and revictimization over the life course, through the in-debth analysis of one case. Drawing on the vulnerability approach, developed by Martha Albertson Fineman, the analysis demonstrates how victimization and revictimization have been facilitated, tolerated, and even produced by particular institutional contexts, illustrating how the ‘risk of revictimization’ is not a characteristic of the individual, nor is it destiny. The article contributes to a constructive social science, elucidating how victimization is contingent on social and institutional contexts, and how at several critical points, better institutions and better institutional responses to particular events might have prevented or interrupted the dynamics of accumulating victimization. Focusing on embodied, gendered subjects and the role of institutions in producing as well as remedying inequalities has far reaching implications for research and prevention of violence. In contrast to a risk-factor approach targeting particular groups and individuals, a vulnerability analysis calls for a responsive state and universal institutional solutions.

This mixed-methods study examines the impact of immigration status on the ability of Latina survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to file for and obtain a domestic violence protection order. Undocumented Latinas living in shelters are less likely to know what a protection order is or how to obtain one. At the same time, undocumented Latinas are more likely to believe that their partner would follow an order and that police would arrest their partner for a violation. Latina survivors of IPV live at the nexus of multiple systems of oppression; therefore, understanding their experiences using an intersectional framework is critically important. Nearly one third of U.S. women are physically assaulted by an intimate partner in their lifetime; for Hispanic women in the United States, this number is slightly higher at 37.1% (Black et al., 2011). Intimate partner violence (IPV)—which often consists of physical and sexual violence, emotional abuse, controlling behaviors, threats, and stalking—leads to physical injury as well as chronic health problems and mental health sequelae such as depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (Black et al.,