Sedimentation

La sedimentacion del delta del rio Orinoco podria influir en las relaciones geopoliticas entre Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago, ya que los espacios deltaicos abarcan superficies cada vez mas extensas, y de esta manera generan un acercamiento progresivo entre territorio venezolano y trinitario. Al norte y sur de Trinidad existen ciudades importantes como Puerto Espana, Point Fortin y La Brea, con recursos e industrias vinculadas a la actividad petrolera vitales para su desarrollo economico, que mantienen relaciones de intercambio comercial y cultural con centros poblados situados en el estado Delta Amacuro y la peninsula de Paria, conformandose asi la frontera entre Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago, a pesar de existir barreras en cuanto a idioma, cultura y costumbres. Para el Estado venezolano, el delta del rio Orinoco constituye la fachada atlantica que proyecta su Zona Economica Exclusiva y por este motivo, Venezuela y Trinidad-Tobago comparten un espacio que posee recursos marinos, mineros...

Beach fill instances on the Atlantic coast of the U.S.A. generally have a life expectancy of less than five years. Although beach nourishment is viewed as viable and is often preferred to hard structures, the geomorphologic life of the fill is an important variable in evaluating the success of the venture. Two adjacent, nourished beaches on the diffed south coast of Portugal are examined to determine their morphologies following the fill and the variables that condition their temporal and spatial responses. The differential exposure to the ambient wave conditions and the nearshore circulation system differences caused by stacks and a very long jetty help to explain the contrasting history of beach fill in the two areas. Shoreline changes, surface morphologies, and sediment redistributions are traced through aerial photos, ground surveys, and a large collection of postcard views of the growing tourist area. The interpretation of this heterogeneous data set is that Praia da Rocha is r...

Chocolate beverage powders (CBPs) were produced from alkalized cocoa powder (ACP) at 10–30% and soy lecithin (SL) at 0–4%. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum level of ACP and SL on sedimentation, wettability, bulk density, despersibility, moisture content and flavor acceptability. SL was effective on wettability, and it also showed an optimum level for sedimentation and bulk density, while ACP was found to be significant for all physical properties. For sensory evaluation, flavor was acceptable at 20% ACP level soy taste was detected by panelists in CBPs with high SL and low ACP contents. It was found that as the ACP content was increased the soy taste of CBPs decreased. For overall physical characteristics, the optimum levels of 20% of ACP and 2–4% of SL were selected.

In this study, in order to analyze Mollusca species and determining their relationship with the sediment factors, sediment samples were gathered during spring, summer, autumn and winter 2012 from 12 stations (ranging in depths 5, 10, 20 and 50 meters) in the Southern Caspian Sea from Behshahr to Ramsar (Mazandaran, Iran). The sediment factors (grain size, total organic matter and calcium carbonate concentration) were measured in laboratory. Two classes of Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) were identified. Class Bivalvia had 3 species (Didacna protracta, Hypanis caspia, Abra ovata) which belong to 3 genera of 2 families and class Gastropoda had 4 species (Pergola sp., Anisus kolesnikovi, Abeskunus sphaerion, Ulskia ulskii) which belong to 4 genera of 3 families. Most dominant species of Bivalvia was Abra ovata (46.2 individuals/0.1m 2) and that of Gastropoda was Abeskunus sphaerion (58.66 individuals/0.1m 2). The mean of maximum and minimum density of Mollusca was observed in spring (29.67 individuals/0.1m 2) and winter (0 individuals/0.1m 2) respectively. The results of One Way ANOVA showed that density of Mollusca was different significantly with depth and season (P<0.05). Results of Pearson correlation showed that between density of Mollusca and salinity, %silt and clay, TOM and depth had been negative positive correlation and had been positive correlation with temperature.

Research assessment landslide and sedimentation of Hoa Binh hydropower reservoir  by Vietnamese language.
This work presents the research results lakeshore landslides and sedimentation Hoa Binh hydropower reservoir by synthetic methods analyze high-resolution satellite images, survey, surveying and mapping.

A. Définition d'une roche sédimentaire-roche exogène => formation en surface ! cf cycle géologique-assemblage de minéraux et ± d'une fraction d'origine organique (CHON), animale ou végétale. roche consolidée ou pas (roche meuble = sédiment)-dans l'environnement naturel, avec fluides => importance des interfaces (roche/fluide et fluide/fluide) => Roche = résultat d'une histoire géologique, résultat du phénomène sédimentaire B. Phénomène sédimentaire cyclique-altération de roches géologiques (endogènes!: magmatiques et métamorphiques, et exogènes)-érosion et transport-sédimentation = dépôt de sédiments = syngenèse-diagenèse!: ensemble de processus biologiques, physico-chimiques, affectant le sédiment après son dépôt-roche sédimentaire => phénomène abordé sous 2 angles!: descriptif et interprétatif C. Pétrographie et pétrologie-pétrographie!: description de roches => classifications-pétrologie!= sédimentologie => interprétation pour paléoenvironnements (avec paléontologie et stratigraphie)

The hindered settling function R(ϕ) is a material function that quantifies the interphase drag of colloidal suspensions for all solids volume fractions ϕ. A method is presented to estimate R(ϕ) from batch-settling tests for solids volume fractions between the initial solids volume fraction, ϕ0, and the solids volume fraction at which the suspension forms a continuously networked structure, ϕg, known as the gel point. The method is based on an analytic solution of the associated inverse problem. Techniques are presented to address initialization mechanics observed in such tests as well as experimental noise and discrete data. Analysis of synthetic and experimental data suggests that accurate estimates of R(ϕ) are possible in most cases. These results provide scope for characterization of suspension dewaterability from batch-settling tests alone. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005

O principal propósito deste estudo é descrever a geometria e a mineralogia associada ao meio poroso bem como identificar possíveis mecanismos de dano a formação no Membro Carmópolis (Cretáceo Inferior) no campo de petróleo de Siririzinho, Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas, nordeste do Brasil. Os reservat6rios situam-se entre as profundidades de 400 e 600m. Descrição de testemunhos, microscopia óptica convencional, MEV e analises petrofísicas e químicas das águas intersticiais foram utilizadas para interpretação do modelo deposicional e dos eventos diagenéticos, e para a reinterpretação de testes de laboratório de suscetibilidade a água doce previamente realizados em plugs de testemunhos e que conduziram a conclusões opostas: Monteiro (1980) identificou que as permeabilidades das amostras eram altamente sensíveis ao fluxo de água doce enquanto Branco (1986) concluiu que o fluxo de água doce não causava muitos danos à permeabilidade. Os reservatórios são conglomerados Iíticos e arenitos com estratificações cruzadas, com intercalações de folhelhos, siltitos e calcários laminados, capeados por gipsita e halita. Os Iitoclastos são fragmentos de rochas metamórficas. Um modelo deposicional de leques aluviais progradantes sobre um sistema lacustre parece explicar a deposição do Membro Carmópolis. A porosidade média é 18% com as melhores permeabilidades nas fácies mais grossas. A porosidade primária intergranular é dominante, mas contagens de pontos em lâminas delgadas indicam que pelo menos 29% da porosidade é secundaria, principalmente relacionada a dissolução de feldspatos. Outros tipos incluem intragranular ern fragmentos de rochas metamórficas, em graãs de quartzo corroídos, encolhimento de argilas, vugular e intergranular por dissolução de cimento carbonático. 0 revestimento de grãos detríticos por corrensita (um argilomineral interestratificado expansivo) e extensiva dolomitização são importantes eventos diagenéticos. A corrensita ocorre próximo ao topo do membro Carmópolis, refletindo sua associação bastante comum com evaporitos. A dolomitização parece ter ocorrido antes e depois da geração da porosidade secundaria, e cálculos termodinâmicos indicam que as águas intersticiais se encontram saturadas ou próximo ao equilíbrio com respeito a dolomita nas condições de reservat6rio (50°C). As diferenças nas conclusões dos testes de suscetibilidade a água doce previamente conduzidos são atribuídas a diferenças mineralógicas nas amostras coletadas para os testes: Monteiro (1980) realizou os testes em amostras de arenitos ricos em corrensita, ao passo que Branco (1986) utilizou amostras de arenitos livres de corrensita, Por este estudo, pode-se também estimar razoavelmente bem a magnitude do dano à permeabilidade causado por um fluxo de ágna doce em função do teor de corrensita na amostra, sugerindo adicionalmente que o alto teor de Fe+3 da corrensita pode constituir fonte de dano a formação durante tratamentos ácidos.

A review is presented here of tsunami deposits in the geological record. It begins with a discussion of the relationships between the processes of tsunami generation and propagation and the sedimentary responses. This is followed by a consideration of the sedimentary processes associated with the passage of tsunami waves across coastlines. Attention is also given to the sedimentary processes associated with tsunami-triggered gravity backwash flows and comparisons are made with turbidity current action. We observe that despite sedimentary evidence for recent tsunamiites, geological research on ancient tsunamis has not identified stratigraphic units associated with onshore tsunami sedimentation. Equally, it is noted that nearly all published studies of sedimentary processes associated with modern tsunamis have not considered patterns of sediment transport and deposition in the offshore zone.

During the past two decades, information visualisation (InfoVis) re- search has created new techniques and methods to support data- intensive analyses in science, industry and government. These have enabled a wide range of analyses tasks to be executed, with tasks varying in terms of the type and volume of data involved. However, the majority of this research has focused on static datasets, and the analysis and visualisation tasks tend to be carried out by trained expert users. In more recent years, social changes and technological advances have meant that data have become more and more dynamic, and are consumed by a wider audience. Examples of such dynamic data streams include e-mails, status updates, RSS 1 feeds, versioning systems, social networks and others. These new types of data are used by populations that are not specifically trained in information visualization. Some of these people might consist of casual users, while others might consist of people deeply involved with the data, but in both cases, they would not have received formal training in information visualization. For simplicity, throughout this dissertation, I refer to the people (casual users, novices, data experts) who have not been trained in information visualisation as non-experts.
These social and technological changes have given rise to multiple challenges because most existing visualisation models and techniques are intended for experts, and assume static datasets. Few studies have been conducted that explore these challenges. In this dissertation, with my collaborators, I address the question: Can we empower non- experts in their use of visualisation by enabling them to contribute to data stream analysis as well as to create their own visualizations?
The first step to answering this question is to determine whether people who are not trained in information visualisation and the data sciences can conduct useful dynamic analysis tasks using a visualisation system that is adapted to support their tasks. In the first part of this dissertation I focus on several scenarios and systems where different sized crowds of non-InfoVis experts users (20 to 300 and 2 000 to 700 000 people) use dynamic information visualisation to analyse dynamic data.
Another important issue is the lack of generic design principles for the visual encoding of dynamic visualization. In this dissertation I design, define and explore a design space to represent dynamic data for non-experts. This design space is structured by visual tokens representing data items that provide the constructive material for the assembly over time of different visualizations, from classic represen- tations to new ones. To date, research on visual encoding has been focused on static datasets for specific tasks, leaving generic dynamic approaches unexplored and unexploited.
In this thesis, I propose construction as a design paradigm for non- experts to author simple and dynamic visualizations. This paradigm is inspired by well-established developmental psychological theory as well as past and existing practices of visualisation authoring with tangible elements. I describe the simple conceptual components and processes underlying this paradigm, making it easier for the human computer interaction community to study and support this process for a wide range of visualizations. Finally, I use this paradigm and tangible tokens to study if and how non-experts are able to create, discuss and update their own visualizations. This study allows us to refine our previous model and provide a first exploration into how non-experts perform a visual mapping without software. In summary, this thesis contributes to the understanding of dynamic visualisation for non-expert users.

Since times immemorial, fresh water has always been of vital importance to man and it is interesting to note that early habitations were within easy reach of lakes and rivers. Man’s primary concern with water was thought to be for drinking, cooking food and as means of cleaning. But with the passing of time, man realized the inherent mysteries of aquatic phenomenon and that water is the basis of all life activities. The rise in human population exploits more natural resources and its demands are met through the growth of industries. The industries and the urban sprawl discharge their waste in to the rivers. The deforestation process itself aggravates the sedimentation transport into the streams. The use of chemicals in agriculture for better production contaminates water through percolation. All these sporadic degrading activities have led to gradual deterioration in the quality of surface and sub-surface water. Management of lentic water bodies and their ecosystems has become a necessity for mankind’s endeavor to have a better quality of life. With the current development phase, every ecosystem is changing very fast and any such change exerts immense influence on the flora and fauna, hence physicochemical and biological properties of a water body need to be monitored. The present study is aimed to study zooplankton diversity of a fresh water Wunna lake and its impact on the pollution status of the lake.

De Waal, M.S., Barbados’ Natural Landscapes. Conditions for Pre-Colonial Settlement, Site Preservation and Archaeological Fieldwork.
In: De Waal, M.S., Finneran, N., Reilly, M.C., Armstrong, D.V. and Farmer, K. (eds) 2019: Pre-Colonial and Post-Contact Archaeology in Barbados. Past, Present, and Future Research Directions, Sidestone Press (Leiden), pp. 43-60.