Beach

The dominant processes in gravel beach dynamics are reviewed, highlighting some common themes which unify the various components of the gravel beach system, the repercussions of which impart on how gravel beach dynamics might be understood conceptually. In particular, gravel beach dynamics are thought to be highly dependent on the temporal and spatial variation in grain size, and the continual adjustments made by an active beach step, both of which act not only as the expression of changing morphodynamic conditions, but also as a controlling influence. Morphodynamics, the notion that the exchanges on beaches between the hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological change takes the form of reciprocal relationships which are mediated through feedback mechanisms (in such a way that they cannot be thought of or studied independently) is not a new one. Yet it appears that for the gravel beach, morphodynamics must be re-defined to describe conditions where variations in sediment size are thought to deserve parity, rather than as merely a sequent entity or boundary condition. ‘Morpho-sedimentary-dynamics’ is a phrase coined to intuit such cause and effect, detailing the co-evolution of morphology, hydro-hydraulics and sediment properties whilst acknowledging causative pluralism, feedbacks and multiplier effects. This is the recommended conceptual framework within which to crystallise thought and organise further research for the gravel beach. Essentially, it increases the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of the gravel beach as a physical system. Therefore, it is advised that simplicity will be most expedient in our future modelling efforts, if complexity is to be adequately encapsulated.

O presente estudo tem por finalidade a identificação de áreas  definidas como praia jurídica e terreno de marinha na planície de maré da localidade do Pântano do Sul (Florianópolis/SC). Foram identificados 124,37 ha de área de domínio da União que não foram considerados no levantamento preliminar do órgão oficial de gestão patrimonial. Por tratar-se de uma planície costeira de baixa declividade, constatou-se que o terreno de marinha pode encontrar-se total ou parcialmente incluso dentro do domínio da praia jurídica (art. 10, Lei nº 7.661, de 1988), bem de uso comum. Tal fato demonstra que a delimitação deste bem de uso comum possui igual ou maior importância do que a delimitação dos terrenos de marinha (bem dominical), motivo pelo qual se sugere que nos futuros levantamentos seja considerada a realização concomitante do levantamento das praias, o que permitirá uma gestão mais eficiente dos recursos públicos, sem a necessidade de realizar em duplicidade levantamentos para uma mesma localidade, aliado ao fato de estar-se identificando e salvaguardando aquele bem especialmente protegido da zona costeira, cuja ocupação particular é vedada. Palavras chave: praia jurídica, terreno de marinha, planície de maré, zona costeira, bens da União.

The present study is intended to at identifying areas defined as legal beach and tide land in tidal flat in locality of the Pântano do Sul (Florianópolis/SC). 124.37 ha area owned by the Union that were not considered in the preliminary survey of the official agency of property management were identified. Since it is a coastal plain of low slope, it was found that the tide land can be found fully or partially included within the domain of legal beach (art. 10, Law 7661, 1988), common use property. This shows that the definition of this common use property has equal or greater importance than the definition of tide land (dominical property), reason it is suggested that future surveys be considered concurrent completion of the survey of the beaches, which allow more efficient management of public resources, without the need for duplicate surveys to the same location, coupled with the fact of being by identifying and safeguarding that property specifically protected of coastal zone, whose particular occupation is prohibited.

Esta investigación analiza el estado ambiental de las playas de la parroquia “Los Esteros” de la ciudad de Manta. Éstas
playas en sus 1.2 km de extensión aproximada, presentan la cantidad de DBO5, DQO, sólidos suspendidos así como coliformes
totales, Escherichia coli entre otros factores. Los cuales inciden en las características de las aguas y sean consideradas
poco aptas para usos recreativos de contacto primario. El análisis se lleva a cabo en el año 2014, utilizando las normas establecidas
por el índice de calidad del agua y la comparación con los límites máximos permisibles para descargas a cuerpos
marinos, establecidos en la Ley de Gestión Ambiental, del Ecuador

The lacustrine Ermenek Basin evolved as a SE-trending intramontane graben affected by strike–slip deformation, with the initial two lakes merging into one and receiving sediment mainly through fan deltas sourced from the basin's southern margin. The northern margin was a high-relief rocky coast with a wave-dominated shoreline. The Early Miocene lacustrine sedimentation was terminated by a late Burdigalian marine invasion that drowned the basin and its surroundings. The lacustrine basin-fill succession is up to 300 m thick and best exposed along the southern margin, where it consists of four sequences bounded by surfaces of forced regression. The offshore architecture of each sequence shows a thin lowstand tract of shoreface sandstones overlain by a thick transgressive systems tract of mudstones interbedded with sandy tempestites and delta-derived turbidites, which form a set of coarsening-upward parasequences representing minor normal regressions. The corresponding nearshore sequence architecture includes a thick lowstand tract of alluvial-fan deposits overlain by either a well-developed transgressive systems tract (backstepping parasequence set or single fan-deltaic parasequence) and poorly preserved highstand tract; or a thin transgressive tract (commonly limited to flooding surface) and a well-developed highstand tract (thick fan-deltaic parasequence). The sequences are poorly recognizable along the northern margin, where steep shoreline trajectory rendered the nearshore system little responsive to lake-level changes. The resolution of local stratigraphic record thus depends strongly upon coastal morphology and the character of the depositional systems involved.The sequential organization of the basin-fill succession reflects syndepositional tectonics and climate fluctuations, whereas the lateral variation in sequence architecture is due to the localized sediment supply (deltaic vs. nondeltaic shoreline), varied coastal topography and differential subsidence. The study points to important differences in the sequence stratigraphy of lacustrine and marine basins, related to the controlling factors. A crucial role in lacustrine basin is played by climate, which controls both the lake water volume and the catchment sediment yield. Consequently, the effects of tectonics and the dynamics of changes in accommodation and sediment supply in a lacustrine basin are different than in marine basins.

El turismo desarrollado en la Comunidad Valenciana ha ocupado, junto con otras actividades,
fundamentalmente su franja litoral. La optimización de la actividad económica de un territorio a largo plazo precisa de la planificación concertada de los usos y del consumo de sus recursos. El éxito a largo plazo de un destino turístico litoral se basa en un turismo de calidad organizado dentro de un sistema territorial planificado que integre al conjunto del sistema económico y social con su medio ambiente.
El artículo aborda las actuaciones que, desde la Administración Turística de la Generalitat Valenciana, repercuten en la actividad turística desarrollada en el litoral. Estrategias tales como la del Municipio Turístico, los incentivos empresariales, la asistencia técnica municipal, la diferenciación del producto, la calidad y el medio ambiente, la formación y las actuaciones en las playas se suman a otros instrumentos tales como el Plan de Espacios Turísticos, contemplado para su desarrollo por la Ley 3/1998 de Turismo. La conclusión final es que estas estrategias sectoriales son necesarias e integrables dentro de un proceso planificador de un rango territorial multisectorial.

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Tsunami may strongly impact beach ecosystems. To assess its magnitude five beaches along the Sendai Bay, Japan, were studied 2 months after the 11th March 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami with focus on their recovery and meiofauna assemblages within few weeks after the event. The beaches recovered and new meiofauna assemblages established, which were strongly correlated to sediment grain size. The new data and review of previous works suggest that for beach ecosystems tsunami plays a role of ecosystem disturbance, not a catastrophe.