Principles

The bond between human and nature is undeniable, and many studies show that people are in their best mental state when they are in nature and near greenery spaces. This can help them to easily solve much of their inner, and even physical problems in some cases. But in contemporary cities, greenness is a lost concept. Thus, their residents have very limited access to nature. Urban agriculture, as one of the modern approaches in the current era, tries to reconnect the human and nature, but this is not the only effect of urban agriculture. Urban agriculture enhances the health of city and neighborhood residents, and encourages them to socially participate in the neighborhood by creating strong bonds between them. The effects of these small urban farms go beyond the social effects, and also help in economical aspect by decreasing food costs and creating markets for selling their products. In this paper, urban agriculture, its principles, indexes and finally the application of urban agriculture in local scale have been codified. The current research method is descriptive-analytical type, and it is also an applied study. This paper has achieved the applied model of research based on the results of previous researches, using documentary method and content analysis of their results. The case study is Imamzadeh Yahya neighborhood, located in District 12 of Tehran Municipality. Field study, inquiry and semi-open questionnaire methods were used. The statistical population size was 160 people, and the data were analyzed descriptively and analytically by using SPSS software. The results show that urban agriculture has the largest effect on the economical aspect of families such as increasing savings and employment, and in social aspects, it has been effective in public space usage, environmental safety and decreasing depression, and plays a role in increasing public health by providing access to healthy food.

One of the most significant discussions of philosophy in general and Islamic philosophy in particular is the topic of the soul, and among them, one of the most important, albeit most challenging, discussions of the subject is the relation of the soul to its own faculties. Various theories have been put forward by philosophers from Greek to contemporary times. In such a way that it constitutes a wide range of philosophical discussions. Sadr al-Muta’llihin, known as Mulla Sadra, has provided detailed materials in many of his works, notably Asfar al-Arbaa’. The present study, with regard to the specific principles of transcendent wisdom, such as originality of existence, Systematic Ambiguity, substantial movement, and so on, has studied this discussion in a descriptive-analytical way and has come to an important conclusion that with regard to the principle of “simple nature is everything but it is none of them particularity” (“basit al-haqiqa kull al-ashya wa lais beshai’n minha'”) the faculties are neither opposite to the soul or even nor is there any duality between the soul and its faculties, but rather the faculties are manifestations and soldiers of the soul itself. Mulla Sadra has put forward several arguments in his works, including Asfar, to substantiate his claim.