Iranian

Background: Biological shielding of nuclear reactors has always been a great concern and decreasing the complexity and expense of these installations is of great interest. In this study, we used datolite and galena (DaGa) minerals for production of a high performance heavy concrete. Materials and Methods: Datolite and galena minerals which can be found in many parts of Iran were used in the concrete mix design. To measure the gamma radiation attenuation of the DaGa concrete samples, they were exposed to both narrow and wide beams of gamma rays emitted from a cobalt-60 radiotherapy unit. An Am-Be neutron source was used for assessing the shielding properties of the samples against neutrons. To test the compression strengths, both types of concrete mixes (DaGa and ordinary concrete) were investigated. Results: The concrete samples had a density of 4420-4650 kg/m 3 compared to that of ordinary concrete (2300-2500 kg/m 3 ) or barite highdensity concrete (up to 3500 kg/m3). The measured ...

Introduction: Emotional Intelligence (EI) has become a matter of great interest in teaching due to its positive effects on teaching-learning process, achievement in life, and improvement potential. Several instruments have been developed to measure individuals’ EI but none of them have been able to show to what extent a teacher uses EI in his teaching. This study was performed to develop an emotional intelligence measurement tool in teaching and evaluate its psychometric features. Methods: The preliminary questionnaire of 109 questions was developed based on literature review and determining emotional teaching factors. Content and face validity were confirmed by experts. The construct validity was confirmed by determining the correlation between the instrument and the Bar-On questionnaire among 30 randomly selected faculties. For factor analysis and data reduction also, 350 questionnaires were distributed among faculties in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Exploratory factor ...

Reflexology is one of the non-pharmacological pain relief methods, and since it is a non-invasive, inexpensive and applicable technique, it can be used by a skilled and trained midwife. This study aimed to review the effect of reflexology on the pain and outcomes of the labor. In this quasi-experimental study, 88 primiparous mothers referred to selected hospitals of Isfahan for vaginal delivery were selected using simple random sampling method and then randomized in two groups. Data collection tools were the demographic data questionnaire, profile and outcomes of the labor and the short-form of the McGill Questionnaire for Pain Rating Index (PRI) assessment. The intervention was general and specific reflexology in the active phase of labor. PRI was assessed before the intervention and four times after the intervention (3-5 cm, 6-8 cm and 9-10 cm dilatations and second stage of labor. There was no significant difference between groups before intervention. In the reflexology group, th...

A simple fed-batch process with pre-determined exponential feeding strategy for high-cell-density cultivationof recombinant E. coli BL21 (DE3) in defined medium was developed. In this feeding method glucose andglycerol were used as the sole sources of carbon and energy to increase the cell density exponentially atcontrolled specific growth rates, which do not cause the accumulation of acetate. Thus, sophisticated feedbackcontrol or extra equipment to prevent the accumulation of toxic level of acetate is not necessary. Thefinal cell densities of 100 and 118 gl-1 of dry cell mass for recombinant E. coli producing human interferon-γ(hIFN-γ) were obtained by using glucose and glycerol, respectively. The concentration of acetate was alwaysmaintained below toxic level. The specific yield of hIFN-γ with glucose and glycerol was 93 and 92 mgg-1of dry cell mass, and the overall productivity of hIFN-γ was 0.16 and 0.14 gl-1h-1 for these two carbon sources, respectively.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of obesity and some associated factors among boy students, aged 8 to 12 years in Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 478 (male) students, 8-12 years old. The subjects were selected via a step wise random sampling. Height and weight of the subjects were measured by standard methods and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the 85th and 95th percentiles of BMI for age and sex, respectively, as proposed by Center for Disease Control (CDC). Physical fitness level and family conditions were collected by a standard Baecke questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of obesity, overweight and underweight in 8-12 year old students were 7.1%, 11.9% and 14.8% respectively. Results showed that there were inverse relationships between BMI and age and the parent's education (P<0.05). On the other hand, although BMI had positive associations with...

Aims: Heart failure is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction. This study seeks to investigate the incidence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction in patients with systolic heart failure. Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted on 100 male patients with systolic heart failure in 2009. Convenience sampling was used to gather the required data. Data collection instruments included a demographic data form, IIEF-5 (The International Index of Erectile Function, a 5-item version), MLHFQ (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure), and CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale). The data was analyzed by SPSS software and using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings: The findings indicated that the mean score of erectile dysfunction was 14.02±6.26 and 80% of male patients with systolic heart failure suffered from erectile dysfunction. There was a significant relationship between erectile dysfunction a...

Aims: Mechanical ventilation is used for some infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) due to many physiological and clinical causes. Since these patients have endotracheal tubes, cleaning and keeping the airways open through suctioning should be done to increase oxygenation. This study aimed to evaluate effect of open and closed suctioning methods on respiratory parameters of infants undergoing mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods: In this crossover clinical trial, 44 infants were selected among those undergone mechanical ventilation in NICU of Isfahan's Al-Zahra Hospital using convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, open suctioning was carried out and after three hours of cleaning, closed suctioning was done. In the second group, closed suctioning was firstly done and following three hours of cleaning, open suctioning was implemented. Respiratory rate (RR) and percentage of arterial blood oxygen satur...

Thymoma is a term that should be restricted to neoplasms of thymic epithelial cells, irrespective of the presence or the number of lymphocytes. The usual location of thymoma is the antrosuperior mediastinum; however, this tumor can also occur in other ...

فارسی: مقدمه: شناخت ريشه‌های ترديد در انتخاب رشته تخصصی و برطرف کردن آن کمک می‌کند تا فرد بتواند انتخاب درستی انجام دهد. هدف اين مطالعه تعيين مشخصات روان‌سنجی نسخه ايرانی مقياس ترديد در انتخاب تخصص بالينی به صورت تحت شبکه در بين دانشجويان يا دانش‌آموختگان پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان و همچنبن تعيين نگرش شرکت‌کنندگان نسبت به پرسشنامه مزبور بود. روش‌ها: در اين مطالعه مقطعی، با استفاده از آزمون ترديد در انتخاب تخصص ريچارد، سؤالات پرسشنامه ايرانی ترديد در انتخاب تخصص بالينی تهيه شد. روايی صوری توسط کارشناسان آموزشی و روايی فرهنگی با کمک ترجمه و ترجمه معکوس مورد تاييد قرار گرفت. سؤالات پرسشنامه پس از تکميل نسخته تحت شبکه، مورد تحليل عاملی قرار گرفت. نظرات افراد در مورد پرسشنامه (شفافيت سؤالات، جذابيت سايت، راحتی تکميل پرسشنامه، تعداد سؤالات شخصی) پرسيده شد. نتايج: پنجاه هشت نفر در مطالعه شرکت کردند. برای پايايی پرسشنامه عدد قابل قبولی 84/0 به دست‌ آمد. دو سؤال حذف و 5 سؤال اصلاح شد. سؤالات در 4 عامل (ترديد کلی، تعويق تصميم‌گيری، موانع تصميم‌گيری و نامصمم بودن) جای گرفتند که عامل موانع تصميم‌گيری مشابه نمونه آمريکايی بود. ضمناً کاربران از کيفيت پرسشنامه تحت شبکه رضايت داشتند و 100 درصد تکميل آن را مفيد دانستند. نتيجه‌گيری: اجرای پرسشنامه تحت شبکه ترديد در انتخاب تخصص بالينی امکان پذير است. تفاوت اين مطالعه با نمونه آمريکايی، از نظر اختلاف فرهنگی، دشواری آزمون پذيرش دستيار در دو کشور و همچنين عدم دقت در برگرداندن سؤالات و کافی نبودن حجم نمونه قابل توجيه است. با توجه به عدم وجود مشاوران شغلی در دانشگاه‌ها، راه‌اندازی يک سيستم اينترنتی راهنمايی شغلی، همراه با يک مشاور می‌تواند به دانشجويان پزشکی در انتخاب بهتر تخصص خود کمک کند.

English: Introduction: Diagnosis and management of specialty choice indecision is an important part of career guidance and support for medical students. Determining causes of indecision and resolving them helps students to make an optimum decision. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the specialty indecision scale as an on-line questionnaire for medical student and graduates of Isfahan University of medical sciences, and also to determine the attitude of the participants towards this questionnaire. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using Richard's specialty indecision questionnaire, the Iranian version of the questionnaire for clinical specialty indecision was developed. Face validity and cultural validity were confirmed by educational experts, and translation, back translation method, respectively. Then, the participants completed the online version of the questionnaire. Afterward, the questionnaire's items were factor analyzed. At the end, Subjects were asked about the questionnaire (clarity of the questionnaire, attractiveness of the website, user friendliness of the questionnaire, number of personal questions). Results: Fifty eight subjects participated in this study. The reliability of the questionnaire was acceptable (0.84). Two questions were omitted and five were revised. Items were grouped in 4 factors (general indecisiveness, postponing, barriers, and lack of determination) one of which (barriers) was similar to the American version. The subjects were also satisfied with online questionnaire and 100% of them thought completion of the tool was useful. Conclusion: This study showed that conducting a web based specialty indecision questionnaire is possible. It had differences with the American version both in number of factors and the items placement. These differences are justifiable in terms of the differences in cultural backgrounds and residency admission processes in the two countries. Also, lack of attention to translating the questions and inadequacy of sample size could be other reasons for these differences. With regard to the fact that there are no career counselors in Iranian universities, operating a web based career guidance system, along with introducing a counselor, may help medical students in specialty choice decision making.

A topical preparation containing aceclofenac was developed using an o/w microemulsion system. Isopropyl myristate was chosen as the oil phase as it showed a good solubilising capacity. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to obtain the concentration ranges of the oil, surfactant (Labrasol) and co-surfactant (plurol oleique) for microemulsion formation. Five different formulations were formulated with various amount of the oil (5-25%), water (10-50%), and the mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant at the ratio of 4 (45-65%). In vitro permeability of aceclofenac from the microemulsions was evaluated using Keshary Chien diffusion cells with 0.45-μm cellulose acetate membrane. The amount of the aceclofenac permeated was analyzed by HPLC and the droplet size and zeta potential of the microemulsions was determined using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS. The mean diameters of the microemulsion droplets approximately ranged between 154 - 434 nm, and the permeability of aceclofenac incorporated into ...

Background: Physical activity has two important therapeutic goals including providing health and prevention of secondary diseases for chemical victims. Identification of the effective factors on physical activity specifically factors decreasing physical activity and caring them by ...

A 3.5 month-old girl was admitted with silvery gray hair, light colored skin, recurrent diarrhea, chest infections, hepatosplenomegaly, episodes of pancytopenia, and hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. Light microscopy of hair showed characteristic large and irregular clumps of melanin in the middle of hair shaft. Peripheral blood smear examination did not show giant granules in granulocytes. On the basis of these clinical and laboratory findings, Griscelli syndrome was diagnosed. The child succumbed to infection during an accelerated phase of the disease.

Clopidogrel, an inhibitor of platelet aggregation, selectively inhibits the binding of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to its platelet receptor and the subsequent ADP-mediated activation of the glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa complex, thereby inhibiting platelet aggregation. Oral bioavailability of clopidogrel is very low (less than 50%), due to its poor water solubility. The aim of this investigation was to design and develop a microemulsion formulation of clopidogrel for enhancing its solubility, and hence its oral bioavailability. For this purpose, initially, solubility of clopidogrel was determined in various vehicles. Next, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the microemulsion existing zone. Solubility study was also performed for optimization of formulation. The optimized microemulsion formulation was characterized for its transparency, droplet size, zeta potential, viscosity, conductivity, % assay, and phase separation study. Particle size and zeta potential of the...

... Other chest surgeons in Tehran were Dr. Amir Mansoor Roushan-Zamir (b. 1930), Dr. Davood Kazemi, Dr. Sarkis Sarkisian, and Dr. Jahangir Mir Ala (d. 1971). Dr. Farrokh Saidi (b. 1930) is an American-trained cardiothoracic surgeon (Figure 5). He started his work at the ...