Jody Williams

Jody Williams
	; Jody Williams 2001-yil
Tavalludi	9-oktyabr, 1950-yil (73 yosh); Rutland, Vermont shtati, AQSh
Fuqaroligi	Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari
Taʼlimi	University of Vermont; School for International Training; Johns Hopkins University;
Mukofotlari	Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti sovrindori 1997-yil

Jody Williams (1950-yil, 9-oktabrda tug‘ilgan) — amerikalik siyosiy faol, inson huquqlarini (ayniqsa, ayollar huquqlarini) himoya qilish va bugungi dunyoda xavfsizlikni yangi tushunchalarni targ‘ib qilish borasidagi sa’y-harakatlari bilan tanilgan. Jody Williams 1997-yilda aholi punktlaridagi minalarni taqiqlash va tozalash borasidagi ishlari uchun Tinchlik bo'yicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo‘lgan^[1].

Ta’limi

Williams Vermont universitetida bakalavr darajasini oldi (1976-yil). Vashingtondagi Paul H.Nitze ilg‘or xalqaro tadqiqotlar maktabida (Johns Hopkins universitetining bo‘limi) xalqaro munosabatlar bo‘yicha magistr darajasini (1984-yil), Brattleboro, Vermont shahridagi Xalqaro ta’lim maktabida (SIT) ispan va ingliz tillarini ikkinchi til sifatida o‘qitish bo‘yicha magistr darajasini egallaydi.

Karyerasi

Williams 1992-yil boshidan 1998-yil fevraligacha „International Campaign to Ban Landmines“ (ICBL) ta’sischi koordinatori bo‘lib ishlagan. Ushbu ishdan oldin u o‘n bir yilni Nikaragua va Salvadordagi urushlar bilan bog‘liq turli loyihalarda o‘tkazdi. Williams turli xil mamlakatlarga qilgan safarlari davomida „Inson huquqlari ensiklopediyasiga“ ko‘ra, XX asr 80-yillarda inson hayoti uchun xavfli ishlarini bajardi^[2].

Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti organlari va Xalqaro Qizil Xoch Jamiyati bilan hamkorlikdagi sa’y-harakatlarda Williams ICBLning bosh strategi va matbuot kotibi bo‘lib ishlagan, u ikkita nodavlat tashkilotni (NNT) va bitta xodim bilan to‘qson mamlakatdagi 1300 ta nodavlat tashkilotlardan iborat xalqaro qudratli markazga aylantirdi. 1992-yilda oʻz ishini tashkil qilganidan va rasmiy ishga tushirilishidan boshlab, Williams va ICBL 1997-yil sentabr oyida Osloda boʻlib oʻtgan diplomatik konferensiyada odamlarni yoʻq qilish maqsadida qoʻyiladigan minalarini taqiqlovchi xalqaro shartnoma kampaniyasi bilan kelishuvga erishdi. Quruqlikdagi minalarni taqiqlovchi Ottava shartnomasi hozirda Williams va ICBLga tegishli^[3]. Shartnoma imzolanganidan uch hafta oʻtgach Williams va ICBL Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor boʻlishdi. Oʻsha paytda Williams Nobel mukofotining deyarli yuz yillik tarixida mukofot olgan oʻninchi ayol va uchinchi amerikalik ayol boʻldi.

2004-yil noyabr oyida Eron tinchlik mukofoti sovrindorlari Shirin Ebadi va keniyalik professor Wangari Maathai bilan muzokaralardan soʻng, Williams 2006-yil yanvar oyida boshlangan „Nobel Womenʼs Initiative“ (Nobel mukofotida Ayollar tashabbusi) loyihasini yaratdi^[4]. Shundan buyon Williams uning raisi boʻlib ishlab kelmoqda. Ushbu tashabbus olti nafar Tinchlik mukofoti sovrindorlarini birlashtirdi, ayollar oʻz taʼsirlaridan adolat, tenglik va tinchlik uchun jon kuydirayotgan ayol-qizlarni ishini targʻib qilishadi va ularni qoʻllab-quvvatlaydi (Aung San Suu Kyi faxriy aʼzo)^[5].

2020-yilda Williams Chevron korporatsiyasi Lago Agrio neft koni atrofidagi aholi yashash punktlarini tozalash xarajatlarini toʻlashga chaqirdi, ular 2011-yilda qonuniy chora koʻrilgan va sudda ularni ishi hozirda koʻrib chiqilmoqda^[6].

Williamsning soʻzlaridan iqtibos:

 The image of peace with a dove flying over a rainbow and people holding hands singing kumbaya ends up infantilizing people who believe that sustainable peace is possible. If you think that singing and looking at a rainbow will suddenly make peace appear then you're not capable of meaningful thought, or understanding the difficulties of the world (asl matni)^[7]^[8].

2019-yilda Williams „Every Woman Coalition“ tashkilotini ayollarga nisbatan zoʻravonlikni barham berish boʻyicha shartnoma tuzishga chaqirdi^[9].

Akademik faoliyati

2007-yildan beri Williams Hyuston universitetining Ijtimoiy ishlar boʻyicha oliy kollejida tinchlik va ijtimoiy adolat yoʻnalishida Sam va Cele Keeper professori lavozimida ishlab kelmoqda. 2003-yildan 2007-yilgacha kollejga global adolat yoʻnalishi boʻyicha bir necha bor rasmiy tashrif buyurgan va oʻquv dasturlarini olib borgan.

Tanilishi

Williams inson huquqlari va global xavfsizlikka qoʻshgan hissasi uchun doim eʼtirof etiladi. U oʻn besh faxriy unvon sohibasi hisoblanadi. 2004-yilda Williams Forbes jurnali tomonidan dunyodagi 100 ta eng kuchli ayollardan biri deb topildi^[10]. U Glamour jurnali tomonidan „Yil ayoli“ deb eʼtirof etilgan Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlaridan biri boʻlib, Hillary Clinton, Katie Couric va Barbara Waltersni ham taqdirlagan.

Nashrlar

William jurnallar va gazetalar uchun koʻplab maqolalar ham yozdi. "Wall Street Journal", "International Herald Tribune", "The Independent" (Buyuk Britaniya), "The Irish Times", "The Toronto Globe and Mail", "Los Angeles Times", "La Jornada" (Meksika), "The Review of the International Red Cross", Kolumbiya universitetining "Journal of Politics and Society" shular jumlasidandir.

Williams bir necha kitoblarni qayta nashr ettirib, baʼzilariga qoʻshimcha boblar qoʻshgan;

"The Personal Philosophies of Remarkable Men and Women" Jay Allison va Dan Gedimanlar tomonidan qayta tahrirlandi^[11];
"A Memory, A Monologue, A Rant, and A Prayer"^[12];
Keith McDermottning "Lessons from our Fathers" kitobi;
Gina Misirogluning "Girls Like Us: 40 Extraordinary Women Celebrate Girlhood in Story, Poetry and Song" nomli asari;
"The Way We Will be 50 Years from Today: 60 of the World’s Greatest Minds Share Their Visions of the Next Half-Century"^[13];
Williams 1995-yilda yer osti minalari inqirozi haqidagi muhim kitobni hammualliflikda chop ettirdi. Kitob nomi "After the Guns Fall Silent: The Enduring Legacy of Landmines"^[14];
Muallifligidagi kitobi 2008-yil mart oyining oxirida chiqarilgan "Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy and Human Security"^[15];
2013-yil mart oyidagi xotiralari asosida chop etilgan kitobi "My Name Is Jody Williams: A Vermont Girl’s Winding Path to the Nobel Peace Prize"^[16];

Manbalar

↑ https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1997/summary/%7CInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"
↑ Ken Rutherford (political scientist), "Landmines," Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Vol. 1. David P. Forsythe, ed. Oxford University Press, 2009; p. 395 ISBN 0195334027
↑ https://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/laureates/1997#:~:text=The%20ICBL%20began%20its%20work, with%20the%20ICBL%20in%201997.|International Campaign to Ban Landmines Jody Williams
↑ https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/jodywilliams%7CJODY^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} WILLIAMS RECEIVED THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE IN 1997 FOR HER WORK TO BAN LANDMINES THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO BAN LANDMINES, WHICH SHARED THE PEACE PRIZE WITH HER THAT YEAR.
↑ „Nobel Women's Initiative“ (en-US). Nobel Women's Initiative. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-oktyabr.
↑ Weyler, Rex „How did a lawyer who took on big oil and won end up under house arrest?“. Mother Jones (2020). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 9-sentyabr.
↑ an interview with Real Leaders magazine in 2015
↑ „Jody Williams Admits, "I'm No Mother Theresa."“ (en-US). Real Leaders (2015-yil 20-iyun). 2019-yil 29-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 29-dekabr.
↑ „Activists campaign for treaty to end violence against women“ (en-US). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 13-iyul.
↑ https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/jodywilliams%7CJody^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} was named one of the 100 most powerful women in the world by Forbes Magazine in the publication of its first such annual list.
↑ Allison, Jay; Gediman, Dan. This I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Remarkable Men and Women (en). Henry Holt and Company, 2006-10-03. ISBN 978-1-4299-1845-9.
↑ „A Memory, a Monologue, a Rant, and a Prayer“ (en). Harvard Graduate School of Education (2013-yil 13-mart). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 23-may.
↑ „The 50 Best Memoirs of the Past 50 Years“ (en-US). The New York Times (2019-yil 26-iyun). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 23-may.
↑ Cornish, Paul (1996-10-01). "After the guns fall silent: the enduring legacy of landmines" (en). International Affairs 72 (4): 801. doi:10.2307/2624144. ISSN 0020-5850. https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/72/4/801/2471679.
↑ Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security (en-us).
↑ Williams, Jody. My Name Is Jody Williams (en). University of California Press, March 2013. ISBN 9780520270251. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 30-noyabr.

Havolalar

„An Individual’s Impact on Social and Political Change“
One on One – Jody Williams, interview by Riz Khan on Al Jazeera English, March 2011 (video, 25 mins).

[1] ttps://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1997/summary/%7CInternational Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams "for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"

[2] Ken Rutherford (political scientist), "Landmines," Encyclopedia of Human Rights: Vol. 1. David P. Forsythe, ed. Oxford University Press, 2009; p. 395 ISBN 0195334027

[3] ttps://www.nobelpeaceprize.org/laureates/1997#:~:text=The%20ICBL%20began%20its%20work, with%20the%20ICBL%20in%201997.|International Campaign to Ban Landmines Jody Williams

[4] ttps://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/jodywilliams%7CJODY^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} WILLIAMS RECEIVED THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE IN 1997 FOR HER WORK TO BAN LANDMINES THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPAIGN TO BAN LANDMINES, WHICH SHARED THE PEACE PRIZE WITH HER THAT YEAR.

[5] „Nobel Women's Initiative“ (en-US). Nobel Women's Initiative. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 7-oktyabr.

[6] Weyler, Rex „How did a lawyer who took on big oil and won end up under house arrest?“. Mother Jones (2020). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 9-sentyabr.

[7] terview with Real Leaders magazine in 2015

[8] „Jody Williams Admits, "I'm No Mother Theresa."“ (en-US). Real Leaders (2015-yil 20-iyun). 2019-yil 29-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 29-dekabr.

[9] „Activists campaign for treaty to end violence against women“ (en-US). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 13-iyul.

[10] ttps://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/jodywilliams%7CJody^{[sayt ishlamaydi]} was named one of the 100 most powerful women in the world by Forbes Magazine in the publication of its first such annual list.

[11] Allison, Jay; Gediman, Dan. This I Believe: The Personal Philosophies of Remarkable Men and Women (en). Henry Holt and Company, 2006-10-03. ISBN 978-1-4299-1845-9.

[12] „A Memory, a Monologue, a Rant, and a Prayer“ (en). Harvard Graduate School of Education (2013-yil 13-mart). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 23-may.

[13] „The 50 Best Memoirs of the Past 50 Years“ (en-US). The New York Times (2019-yil 26-iyun). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 23-may.

[14] Cornish, Paul (1996-10-01). "After the guns fall silent: the enduring legacy of landmines" (en). International Affairs 72 (4): 801. doi:10.2307/2624144. ISSN 0020-5850. https://academic.oup.com/ia/article/72/4/801/2471679.

[15] Banning Landmines: Disarmament, Citizen Diplomacy, and Human Security (en-us).

[16] Williams, Jody. My Name Is Jody Williams (en). University of California Press, March 2013. ISBN 9780520270251. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 30-noyabr.

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k m t Tinchlik boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari
1901-1925	1901 Henry Dunant\Frédéric Passy 1902 Élie Ducommun\Charles Albert Gobat 1903 Randal Cremer 1904 Xalqaro huquq instituti 1905 Bertha von Suttner 1906 Theodore Roosevelt 1907 Ernesto Teodoro Moneta\Louis Renault 1908 Klas Pontus Arnoldson\Fredrik Bajer 1909 Auguste Beernaert\Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant 1910 Xalqaro tinchlik byurosi 1911 Tobias Asser\Alfred Hermann Fried 1912 Elihu Root 1913 Henri La Fontaine 1914 1915 1916 1917 Xalqaro qizil xoch va qizil yarim oy jamiyati 1918 1919 Woodrow Wilson 1920 Léon Bourgeois 1921 Hjalmar Branting\Christian Lous Lange 1922 Fridtjof Nansen 1923 1924 1925 Austen Chamberlain\Charles G. Dawes
1926-1950	1926 Aristide Briand\Gustav Stresemann 1927 Ferdinand Buisson\Ludwig Quidde 1928 1929 Frank B. Kellogg 1930 Nathan Söderblom 1931 Jane Addams\Nicholas Murray Butler 1932 1933 Norman Angell 1934 Arthur Henderson 1935 Carl von Ossietzky 1936 Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1937 Robert Cecil 1938 Nansen xalqaro qochoqlar idorasi 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Xalqaro qizil xoch va qizil yarim oy jamiyati 1945 Cordell Hull 1946 Emily Greene Balch\John Mott 1947 Amerika birodarlik xizmati qoʻmitasi 1948 1949 John Boyd Orr 1950 Ralph Bunche
1951-1975	1951 Léon Jouhaux 1952 Albert Schweitzer 1953 George Marshall 1954 AQSh muhojirlar ishlari boʻyicha oliy komissarligi 1955 1956 1957 Lester B. Pearson 1958 Dominique Pire 1959 Philip Noel-Baker 1960 Albert Lutuli 1961 Dag Hammarskjöld 1962 Linus Pauling 1963 Xalqaro qizil xoch va qizil yarim oy jamiyati 1964 Martin Luther King 1965 UNICEF 1966 1967 1968 René Cassin 1969 Xalqaro mehnat tashkiloti 1970 Norman Borlaug 1971 Willy Brandt 1972 1973 Lê Đức Thọ (bekor qilingan)\Henry Kissinger 1974 Seán MacBride\Eisaku Satō 1975 Andrey Saxarov
1976-2000	1976 Betty Williams\Mairead Corrigan 1977 Amnesty International 1978 Anvar Sodot\Menachem Begin 1979 Rohiba Teresa 1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1981 BMT qochoqlar ishlari komissiarligi 1982 Alva Myrdal\Alfonso García Robles 1983 Lech Wałęsa 1984 Desmond Tutu 1985 Atom urushiga qarshi olimlar 1986 Elie Wiesel 1987 Óscar Arias 1988 BMT tinchlikparvar kuchlari 1989 Tenzin Gyatso 1990 Mixail Gorbachyov 1991 Aung San Suu Kyi 1992 Rigoberta Menchú 1993 Nelson Mandela\F. W. de Klerk 1994 Shimon Peres\Yitzhak Rabin\Yosir Arafot 1995 Joseph Rotblat 1996 Carlos Belo\José Ramos-Horta 1997 Jody Williams 1998 John Hume\David Trimble 1999 Chegara bilmas shifokorlar 2000 Kim Dae-jung
2001-yildan	2001 Birlashgan millatlar tashkiloti\Kofi Annan 2002 Jimmy Carter 2003 Shirin Ebadi 2004 Wangari Maathai 2005 Atom energiyasi boʻyicha xalqaro agentlik\Muhammad Al-Baradei 2006 Grameen Bank\Muhammad Yunus 2007 Al Gore 2008 Martti Ahtisaari 2009 Barak Obama 2010 Liu Xiaobo 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\Leymah Gbowee\Tawakkol Karman 2012 Yevropa Ittifoqi 2013 Kimyoviy qurollarni bartaraf etish xalqaro tashkiloti 2014 Kailash Satyarthi\Malala Yusufzoy 2015 Tunis milliy muloqot toʻrtligi 2016 Juan Manuel Santos 2017 Yadro qurolini taqiqlash xalqaro kampaniyasi 2018 Denis Mukwege / Nadia Murad 2019 Abiy Ahmad Ali 2020 Butunjahon oziq-ovqat dasturi 2021 Maria Ressa / Dmitriy Muratov 2022 Aleksandr Byalyatskiy / Memorial / Fuqarolar erkinligini himoya qilish markazi 2023 Nargis Muhammadiy 2024 Nihon Hidankyo