Management and administration

The purpose of this study is to seach the effect of loss of intellectual capital in businesses on the organization. One of the most important strengths of businesses is intellectual capital. In today's conditions, physical assets are losing their importance, and this importance has increased even more with the transition to remote working at the end of Covid 19. As a result of the results of remote working, experienced personnel in businesses are transitioning to businesses that accept remote working in more comfortable conditions and flexibly, and this institutional memory is also preserved. This article aims to give an overview of the latest situation of loss of intellectual capital in today's world…

This article is an attempt to explain the notion of e-governance and its adoption in the Bulgarian Ministry of Finance. More particularly, the electronic services that operate in the National Revenue Agency are analyzed. The author uses a wide scope of methods as comparison, induction and deduction, analytical, expert evaluation and expert opinion citation. The paper is an attempt to accept or reject two hypothesizes. No adequate legislation exists in Bulgarian public administration in order to adopt e-governance. And second, the Bulgarian governmental system is very conservative and bureaucratic which is a hindrance to every action to achieve improvement. The results of this survey show that the most reformed public sector in compliance with a new concept for e-governance is the Ministry of Finance in Bulgaria and the National Revenue Agency respectively.

Administrative regulation in Bulgaria is a key to improving the business environment. At the same time this public administration instrument for economic regulation is a new way of state interference in the national economy. It is very difficult to describe the public administration reform in the context of public influence on the national economy. The public administration changes its structure, nature and functions that requires new thinking and creates problems in regards to build a new regulation system for effective and efficient public economic governance. The old system was a complex of public property and its management, and administrative apparatus that improves this system with regulatory rules, their adoption and application in national economy. In the new system public administration has a major role in process of economic regulation through creating administrative rules, and controls their application

Over the last two decades, government has made essential changes in order to improve public administration
functioning. These changes were driven by a new government philosophy. The key concept in this new public
policy is to connect information society, and public administration. In this context, the purpose of this study is
through analyzing the process of computerization of public administration to determine the specific services
provided electronically to the National Revenue Agency (NRA) in Ministry of Finance. Ministry of Finance and
NRA are the administrative bodies that are reformed significantly in this field. E-governance is a political concept
and philosophy which includes principles and the public administration working mechanism. E-government is
electronic services provision platform that uses information and communication technology. The extensive
monitoring and analysis lead to conclusions in two key areas—legal and technical organization. The lack of
consistency between governments and the total reorganization of some areas of the state causes difficulties in
implementing cyber plan in administrative services. There are other essential weaknesses that corrupt the system
electronic reforms. It is important to be created a digital broadband market in Bulgaria. This will integrate the
network systems of Bulgarian official institutions in a common electronic network.

Every settlement, including every city, is a union of population, economy and space. Population and the economy are the two incentives to drive the economic engine (city), and transport infrastructure,
localized in space, outlines the axes for the development of this engine.
The processes of spatial and regional development of cities are
characterized by complexity, and the study of cities with a population between 30
000 and 100 000 people are underdeveloped in Bulgarian science. A similar type
research contributes to a more efficient absorption of EU funds aimed at urban development. The study of the average size
cities will be carried out according to selected socio-economic indicators,
state of infrastructure, state of the urban economy and territorial and regional development, in accordance with the current strategic documents for regional and local development. The study of trends in
its development will make it possible to identify measures and policies
of improving the composition and quality of life of the population.
Research methods (qualitative and quantitative) will be used in parallel and thus the aggregation of quantitative methods will contribute
for qualitative differentiations, as well as the introduction of quantitative methods in
the research is inadmissible without the use of qualitative ones first. The research work, in addition, will use the research method and content
(content) analysis of information sources; retrospective analysis;
information approach; contextual modeling; methods - observation,
synthesizing, interviewing, consulting, summarizing, analogy, graphical representation and tabular presentation of the processed and summarized information.
The main purpose of the development is to study the main trends and
potential for regional and spatial development of medium-sized
cities (with a population of 30,000 to 100,000 people) in the North Central region.
The object of the study are urban centers with a population of 30,000 to
100,000 people in these three Bulgarian regions.
The subject of the research is the process of regional and spatial
development of medium-sized cities in Bulgaria.
The research presupposes the collection, processing and systematization of significant statistical and empirical information. Periodic sources will be used as the main information sources for the research
publications and publications of NSI, EUROSTAT, publications and studies of
individual ministries, monitoring reports of other national bodies and institutions, etc. The collected digital and non-digital information will be
processes with the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the base
of their complementarity and justification.
The logic of the study makes it possible to obtain a systematic
assessment of the contribution of the individual regional policy instruments and
the effectiveness and efficiency of regional strategies and plans
and local development. In this way, the results of the study will be able to
serve as a guide in making management decisions of various
levels - national, regional, local.

: The author researches the possibilities for urban area improvement through sky
train building. Achieving this goal the author uses a complex of methods such analytical,
descriptive, inductive, deductive method, comparison and expert opinion citation. It is
analyzed the European good practice in sky train building and exploitation. The author tries
to analyze the positives by sky train building in some Bulgarian cities. In this context the
author divides three groups of municipalities according to four criteria.

The author researches the possibilities for economic development in Bulgaria
using advantages of touristic sector. The author analyzes strengthens, weaknesses,
possibilities and threats in touristic sector development. The author uses SWOT analysis to
achieve the main goal. The major aim in this research is through analyzing touristic sector
to find the key premises and good practices that will stimulate the touristic sector which will
be the key factor for economic development of Bulgaria.

In this research the author surveys the connection between knowledge and its
management for achieving a goal – positive and sustainable regional development. To reach
this purpose the author defines first importance of new knowledge, using for new information
society building, information flows regulation, which determines information infrastructure
of modern society and state. The sustainable regional development is the result of proper and
good knowledge and information management. In this regard it is important to try to find the
crossing points between education and science, and sustainable regional development.

In years of transformation Bulgaria starts public administrative reforms
which consider public administration and national economy. The major part of this reform is adoption, integration and commitment of central and local administration to European institutions. To achieve this goal it is decided to build electronic government, as a part of the program for optimization of public administration. The object of survey is problems that occur in building and application of electronic governance in
administration. The author uses descriptive and analytical methods, and expert opinion.
The main conclusions of author are that the Bulgarian state must proceed with administrative reform, as the state should accept government program for construction of integrated electronic communication infrastructure to face the new needs, including
supply of quality public services.

In years of transformation Bulgaria starts public administrative reforms
which consider public administration and national economy. The major part of this
reform is adoption, integration and commitment of central and local administration to
European institutions. To achieve this goal it is decided to build electronic
government, as a part of the program for optimization of public administration. The
object of survey is problems that occur in building and application of electronic
governance in administration. The author uses descriptive and analytical methods,
and expert opinion. The main conclusions of author are that the Bulgarian state must
proceed with administrative reform, as the state should accept government program
for construction of integrated electronic communication infrastructure to face the new
needs, including supply of quality public services.

The process of modernization and electronization of state sphere
continue. Analysis shows that the highest level of electronic service system development are registered in Ministry of Finance, and especially in National Revenue Agency (NRA). That is why the main purpose of this report is to explore application of electronic management in interaction of NAI with citizens and firms. The author uses different methods like expert opinion and estimation, and logical method. As a result of this research the author have a task to underline some weakness in application of electronic management system in NRA.

This paper analyses the present condition of the system of regional
development according to electronic management adoption in public sector. The
author researches the system in three directions – electronic services in the
Ministry of Regional development and Facilitation, information system for
regional development building and geography information system adoption in
municipalities. The author analyses the normative documents in regard to
regional development. The main purpose of this survey is to give a real situation
of regional development electronic system and reveal weaknesses and
challenges against electronic management adoption in regional development
system.

In this research the author identifies problems related to electronic
governance in the system of Defense ministry of Bulgaria. The result is that the
electronic services are missing. In fact the administrative body does not take
advantage of European programs in Bulgaria. And by this way it may improve
the Ministry public services provision. In the report Central military command
(CMC) project that was approved for implementation are introduced. The main
goal of this project is though documents’ scanning and digitalization to build
electronic data base. The second stage is related to electronic services
implementation. It is important to underline that the project will be extended to
the national level because it will include the eight structures of the CMC which
provides nine public services. By realizing this project it will achieve CMC
public services structure optimization and improving of interaction between
CMC, citizens and other administrative bodies.

The article aims to determine the level and determinants of economic security in the Black Sea region. The concept of security environment is defined, which makes a brief analysis of the region and its importance in geoeconomic order. The economic security of the countries in the Black Sea region represents their capacity: to withstand the competitive pressure of other countries, to achieve symmetry in foreign economic relations, to control economic dependence on the international situation in the interest of citizens, taking into account and protecting national and private interests. systemic stability combined with a good business climate. The determinants for achieving and maintaining a high level of economic security in the region are defined, outlining the challenges facing the countries in the Black Sea basin. The various aspects of the economic security of the countries in the region are outlined, and finally proposals are made to increase the level of economic security in the whole region.

In the article, the author analyzes in detail the historical development of Balkan cooperation, outlining the main factors influencing it. Important prerequisites for deepening Balkan cooperation are the historical past of the countries and their relations, traditions, culture, language, which are the basis for the development of relations between the states. On this basis, economic cooperation could be built, covering large-scale joint projects in the fields of energy, transport and other types of common infrastructure. On this basis, trade relations between the Balkan countries could be deepened and intensified, which is an opportunity for the development of a Balkan union.

The article attempts a detailed and complete description of the countries of the North American continent. The analyzes begin with a brief assessment of the natural and demographic potential, after which the factors for the economic development of the countries are described. Finally, some general summaries are made of the problems and obstacles to the growth and development of the NAFTA economy (North American Free Trade Agreement).

In recent years, the international system and the world economy have emerged as independent subjects of action and impact. Many world processes take place in them, which change the political and economic relations between the countries. In practice, on the basis of economic relations, the ties between the countries begin, which is associated with a reduction of military risk and the degree of uncertainty in the regional aspect. Simultaneously with this process, there is an increase in asymmetric threats and the likelihood of global instability. Global political turmoil is leading to economic transformation. At the same time, political interests are shifting from economic ones, and on this basis states are committed and establish lasting cooperation.

It is stated that security requires a detailed analysis due to the changes in the structure of the international system. We are seeing an increase in military conflicts in different parts of the world. Both migratory pressure and the terrorist threat to the European continent are increasing. As a result of these processes, uncertainty has become an essential feature of the international system and economy. Political and economic opposition between individual major players is growing, which predetermines a high degree of uncertainty regarding the predictability of international relations. This circumstance calls into question the stability, reliability and security of the system of international relations.

In this regard, national security is closely linked to the security and preservation of the socio-political system of a country with other countries in the pursuit of national goals and interests, and thus enters into interstate relations that may facilitate or hinder the implementation of the goals.