Aula 1 PDF
Aula 1 PDF
Aula 1 PDF
Para darmos início, vamos começar com uma atividade de conscientização para
a prática do inglês instrumental:
a) Você acha que quem conhece bem a própria língua tem vantagem na
compreensão de um texto em língua estrangeira?
e)Imagine-se na cozinha. Você vai testar uma receita e descobre que não tem um
dos ingredientes. O que você faz?
a) Vai ao mercado e compra o que está faltando.
b) Deixa para fazer aquele prato outro dia;
c) Substitui o ingrediente que falta por algo semelhante.
2) ROTEIRO DE LEITURA
C- SKIMMING: Leitura rápida na qual o leitor apenas “Corre os olhos” pelo texto
e tenta responder à seguinte pergunta: SOBRE O QUE FALA O TEXTO?
Parece simples, não é? E é realmente, porém, exige uma dose de disciplina.
Nesse momento, você deve focar sua atenção para o que você já sabe. Leia o
texto do início até o final, concentre-se nas palavras cognatas (aquelas palavras
cuja grafia e significado são parecidos com a do português); nas palavras chaves
(aquelas que geralmente se repetem no texto) e nas palavras cujo significado
você já conhece. Tente verificar suas hipóteses sobre o assunto do texto.
1)
The H1N1 pandemic continues to spread across the world. It has not reached the
levels people feared back in April when it first broke out. Then, experts predicted it
could be one of the largest outbreaks in centuries. Fears increased when schools
started closing and people started dying. However, the predicted hundreds of
thousands of deaths did not happen. Even though, there has been a huge effort
by laboratories to find a vaccine for H1N1. Governments around the world have
created awareness campaigns on how to prevent the spread of the disease and
have stocked up on millions of doses of H1N1 vaccines. Some countries have
started an immunization programme. The WHO warns we still need to be careful.
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
2-
a) Utilizando o roteiro acima e os conhecimentos adquiridos em nossas tele
aulas, analise o texto abaixo e responda:
b) According to the text, are the statements below true (T) or false (F)?
a. People who eat lots of Mediterranean food are generally miserable. T/F
b. Researchers said you need to be rich to eat lots of whole grain food. T / F
c. Those in Mediterranean countries are the most depressed Europeans. T / F
d. The writer says live oil is needed with meals in Italy, Spain and T/F
Greece.
e. Scientists studied 10,000 people for about four years. T/F
f. A Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of depression by 30%. T/F
g. Scientists say the diet reduces depression because it is low in fats. T/F
h. The authors say the diet can have a bad effect on our blood vessels. T / F
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
People who follow a Mediterranean diet are likely to be happier in life. This is the
conclusion of a new report published in the journal ‘Archives of General
Psychiatry’. The study’s authors say a diet that is rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts,
whole grains and fish seems to make people less likely to develop depression.
This may explain why people who live in Mediterranean countries are more laid
back than other Europeans. There are fewer mental disorders in Mediterranean
countries and scientists believe this could be because of the diet. The new
research supports previous studies that suggested olive oil protects against
depression. No Italian, Spanish or Greek meal is complete without olive oil.
Researchers from Spain’s University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the
Clinic of the University of Navarra, Pamplona asked 10,000 people to keep track
of what they ate. The scientists observed dietary habits and instances of
depression for four years. They discovered there was a thirty per cent lower risk of
developing depression in people who stuck to the Mediterranean diet. The
research team says it is still unsure why this diet reduces the likelihood of
depression. They said the diet could boost blood vessel performance and
increase the body’s efficiency to produce oxygen. Both these things make the
brain and heart perform better. If our mind and body are healthier, it seems natural
we will be happier.
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
3- Leia o texto Religion and the vote in the 2008 election que se encontra nos
anexos e responda ao questionamento abaixo:
a) Qual foi a relação entre religião e o voto nas eleições presidenciais americanas
de 2008?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
a) www.thenewyorktimes.com
b) www.bbc.com
c) www.breakingnews.com
d) www.cnn.com
e) Outro de sua preferência
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
d) Em sua opinião, por que o autor da receita diz que este é o melhor bolo de
todos os tempos (veja nome do bolo), o que o torna especial?
Best Fruit Cake Ever
Ingredients:
1 or 2 quarts Whiskey
1 cup butter
1 cup sugar
1 tsp. salt
4 large eggs
1 cup dried fruit
1 tsp. baking powder
1 tsp. baking soda
1 cup brown sugar
1 cup of nuts
1 oz of lemon juice
Mixing Instructions:
Before you start, sample the whiskey to check for quality. Good, isn't it? Now go
ahead. Select a large mising bowl, measuring cup, etc. Check the whiskey again
as it must be just right. To be sure whiskey is of the highest quality, pour one
level cup into a glass and drink it as fast as you can. Repeat.
With an electric mixer, beat 1 cup of butter in a large fluffy bowl. Add 1 tsp. of
thugar and beat again. Meanwhile, make sure that the siskey is of the finest
quality. Cry another cup.
Open the second quart is necessary. Add the 2 arge eggs, 2 cups dried fruit and
beat till high. If druit gest stuck in the beaters, juse pry it loose with a drewscriver.
Sample the whiskey again, checking for toxscisticity.
Next sift 3 cups of the salt or anything: it really doesn't matter. Sample the
whiskey. Sift 1/2 pint lemon juice.
Fold in chopped butter and strained nuts. Add one babblespoon of the brown
thugar, or whatever color you can find and wix mel.
Grease oven and turn cake to 350 degrees. Now pour the whole mess into the
coven and bake. Check whiskey again, and go to bed.
Source: http://www.jokersrevenge.com/fun-recip3.htm
ANEXO 1
KEY WEST _ At the final session of the Faith Angle conference today, two
prominent survey researchers, John C. Green and Anna Greenberg, examined a
variety of polling data about the relationship between religious affiliation and
voting behavior in this year's presidential election.
The chart above shows the bottom line, and reinforces patterns that have been in
place for at least the last two decades -- Democrats are favored by minority ethnic
and religious groups, as well as by less observant white Christians, while
Republicans are favored by more observant white Christians. The chart was
generated by Green (left), who is a political science professor at the University of
Akron, and also a senior fellow at the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, which
is the sponsor of the conference.
Green suggested that the basic structure of "faith-based politics" did not change
much since the 2004 campaign -- despite unprecedented efforts by the Obama
campaign to move religious voters, and a lot of erroneous predictions by pundits --
but that it was enough to elect Obama. "It was not very different than we’ve seen
in the past, but different enough to have a different result,'' he said. He said the
Democrats made their biggest gains among minority religious groups (particularly
Hispanic Protestants) and failed to make significant gains among white Christians
(although there was some movement to the Democrats among evangelicals who
go to church less than weekly, and among young evangelicals).
The minimal change demonstrates, Green said, "that these basic differences are
deeply embedded.''
"Religious groups are strongly partisan these days, and deeply embedded into the
party coalitions,'' Green said -- meaning that groups like black Protestants and
Jews are important parts of the Democratic coalition, while white evangelicals play
a similar role for the Republican Party. "In the short run, there is only a limited
capacity for religious groups to move.''
Among Catholics, Green said, the data shows increasing polarization, with weekly
communicants shifting more to the right, and less frequent Massgoers shifting
further to the left.
Greenberg (right), is a Democratic pollster and senior vice president at Greenberg
Quinlan Rosner Research. She had several interesting findings -- among them,
that Barack Obama was clearly underperforming (compared to previous
Democratic candidates) among Jewish voters through much of the campaign, but
that he wound up with about 78 percent of the Jewish vote -- which is typical for a
Democratic presidential candidate. Greenberg, who said "I was actually pretty
shocked" at how well Obama did among Jews, said it was not clear how Obama
succeeded in moving Jews back to the Democratic column, but speculated that it
was the combined effect of concern among Jewish voters about Sarah Palin's
social conservatism, and what Greenberg described as the reassuring effect on
Jewish votes of Obama's performance during the debates. Green agreed, saying,
"Many Jews are Democrats, and once they became reassured that some of these
problems were not serious, they went back to their partisanship...Once the Jewish
community became reassured that Obama was going to be all right -- not that he
was going to be excellent -- that was enough.''
Perhaps Greenberg's most interesting finding, though, has to do with young
evangelicals -- a population of increasing interest to scholars and journalists
because of the perception that they may exhibit different political behaviors than
their elders. Greenberg said that research shows that young evangelicals in fact
are more liberal than older evangelicals on multiple issues -- including gay
marriage (below), global warming, and the Iraq War -- but are not moving on
abortion -- young evangelicals are just as strongly opposed to abortion as are
older evangelicals.
Green said that, although white evangelicals are still strongly Republican, there is
clearly change taking place among younger evangelicals. "Generational change
happens all the time on a steady basis, but there are points of time when it has a
big effect, and evangelicals are going through one of those times, on religious
terms, social terms, and political terms.''
Available at: http://pewforum.org/news/display.php?NewsID=17118
Available at: http://pewforum.org/news/display.php?NewsID=17118
ANEXO 2
ANEXO 3
Computers are electronic machines that process information. They can perform
complex operations in a fraction of time. But, they can´t think.
Computers are divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to
the actual equipment and software refers to the programs that control and
coordinate the activities of the computer.
The CPU is the part of a computer that executes the arithmetic and logic
operations. It controls all the computer activities.
ANEXO 4
July’s Poem of the Month
If Death is Kind
By Sara Teasdale (1884 - 1933)
ANEXO 5
Love conquers all. This is certainly so for the former heaviest man in the world.
Mexican Manuel Uribe used to be the world’s most overweight person. He was in
the Guinness Book of Records in 2006 after breaking the human weight record.
Special weighing scales showed he weighed 560kg. He was so enormous he
could not leave his room. He spent his whole life living on his bed, eating huge
meals and watching TV. He decided enough was enough and that he wanted to
change his life. He also wanted to marry his longtime girlfriend Claudia Solis.
Uribe went on a crash diet and lost almost half his body weight. He lost a
whopping 250kg and has slimmed down to a lighter 310kg. He still has a long way
to go before he can once again lead a normal life.
ANEXO 6
In New England, winters are cold enough to freeze the surfaces of ponds and
lakes. But why doesn't the ocean freeze along the New England coast? And how
do the animals that live in ponds survive when they freeze?
If you visite a pond during the summertime, you will probably be aware that you
are not alone. The buzzing of insects, the croaking of frogs and the splashing of
fish show that the pond is home to many living things. However, if you go to a
pond in winter, you may think that the wildlife have packed their bags and gone
on vacation for the holiday season. With the exception of a few animal tracks, the
area may seem deserted. Where did the pond's inhabitants go?
First, ponds freeze from the top down, and rarely freeze all the way through.
(Shallow ponds are more likely to freeze than deep ponds.) The layer of ice at the
top of the pond protects the water underneath from the extreme temperatures and
the wind.
Each animal has its own way of dealing with the winter cold. Many birds fly south
in the winter. Certain ducks stay, and can be seen feeding in unfrozen water.
Frogs and turtles burrow in the mud at the edge or at the bottom of the pond.
Some may burrow under leaves onshore. There, they hibernate — or sleep —
through the harsh weather. Their breathing and heartbeat slow, and their body
temperature lowers to conserve energy.
ADAPTED FROM:
http://www.neaq.org/education_and_activities/games_and_activities/activities/why_doesnt_ocean_freeze.php
ANEXO 7
ANEXO 8
A British anti-bullying group has issued a report on the new problem of ‘sexting’
among teenagers. ‘Sexting’ is the sending of naked photos via text and e-mail.
The word is a combination of ‘sex’ and 'texting’. BeatBullying.com’s research
reveals that over a third (38%) of under-18s have received a ‘sext’, a text with an
image of someone naked. The pictures young boys and girls are sending each
other would be viewed as pornographic by most people. Many of the photos are
breaking child pornography laws. Emma–Jane Cross, head of BeatBullying, said:
“It is important that parents and schools are aware that sexting is a significant
issue amongst our children…so together we can act to stop this kind of
behaviour.”
BeatBullying says sexting is increasing at an alarming rate. More and more young
people are using it to bully others online. This often leads to tragedy. Many
teenagers have committed suicide after bullies spread their private photos online.
One case that made Americans aware of the problem was that of eighteen-year-
old Jessica Logan. She sent a nude photo of herself to her boyfriend. After she
broke up with him, he sent the picture to hundreds of teenagers in her hometown.
Jessica’s friends said she felt like “she was being attacked and tortured”. Jessica
ended her own life because of the pain she felt. BeatBullying says sexting “is one
of the biggest threats facing our young people today online”.
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
ANEXO 9
Scientists have found that taking a shower might not be so good for you. New
research from the University of Colorado has found there can be a build-up of
harmful bacteria in showerheads. Researchers said the very first jets of water
from the shower are the most dangerous. The shower acts like an aerosol,
spraying the bacteria into the air. This means having a daily shower may not be as
hygienic as we think. Scientists tested 50 different showers across nine US cities.
They discovered that a third of these had very high levels of bacteria that can
cause lung damage. Researcher Laura Baumgartner advised: “For most people,
the answer is simple. Don’t stand in front of the shower when the first blast comes
out."
The research is part of a wider project that is looking at our daily environment. In
particular, the research team is looking at the microbiology of water and air in
schools, homes and public buildings. Research into the bathroom environment
provided interesting results. Ms. Baumgartner said showers were more dangerous
than baths because they act like aerosol sprays. Showerheads are much harder
to clean than baths because they are enclosed. Furthermore, it is easier for us to
inhale the bacteria into our lungs because of the steam in the shower.
Baumgartner did say we should not be too concerned about her discovery: "I take
showers every day, and I’m not at all worried," she said.
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
ANEXO 10
WOULD YOU GET ANGRY IF YOU GOT E-MAILS WITH LOTS OF CAPITAL
LETTERS? A New Zealand boss saw red after one of his employees used block
capitals in e-mails to colleagues. Vicki Walker, an accountant in Auckland, was
fired after her co-workers complained about her use of caps. Members of staff at
ProCare Health were angry with Ms. Walker for constantly filling her mails with
sentences in capital letters, bold and red text. They said they found the e-mails
“confrontational”. Bosses at ProCare dismissed Ms Walker for causing
“disharmony” in the workplace. Walker took the company to court and sued for
unfair dismissal. She won the case and ProCare had to pay her US$11,500 in
damages and lost pay.
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
ANEXO 11
A new report on global warming predicts the frozen Arctic Ocean will soon be like
a normal sea in the summers. There are shocking changes happening in the polar
environment and its fragile eco-systems. For millions of years, the sea around the
North Pole has been frozen all year round. Recent research from the World
Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Catlin Atlantic Survey show things are changing fast.
They predict that within a decade, the Arctic will be largely ice-free in the summer.
They base their prediction on the rate at which the sea ice is currently thinning.
The lead researcher, Professor Peter Wadhams, said: "The area is now more
likely to become open water each summer, bringing forward the potential date
when the summer sea ice will be completely gone."
Source: www.breakingnewsenglish.com
ANEXO 12
Storing data in computer programs
For those new to computer programming, data and code go hand in hand. You
cannot write a program of any real value without lines of code, or without data. A
Word Processor program has logic that takes what the user types and stores it in
data. It also uses data to control how it stores and formats what the user types
and clicks.
Data is stored in the memory of the computer when the program runs (it can also
be stored in a file, but that is another matter beyond the scope of this tutorial).
Each memory 'slot' is identified by a name that the programmer chooses. For
example LineTotal might be used to name a memory slot that holds the total
number of lines in a Word Processor document.
ANEXO 13
VIRTUAL REALITY
ANEXO 14
CAREERS IN THE COMPUTERS FIELD
Computer specialists include System Analysts, Programmers and Operators.
Systems Analysts develop methods for computerizing business. They also
improve the efficiency of systems in use. Application Programmers write
commercial programs to be used by business, science center and home. System
Programmers write the complex programs that control the inner working of the
computer. Computer operators handle several types of computers.
Other people who work in the computer field include Computer Scientists, who
conduct research and teach at universities; Hardware Designers and Engineers,
who work in areas such as microchip and peripheral equipment design;
Information Center Administrators or Data Base Administrators, who manage the
information collections of business or data banks.
Excerpted from Compton´s Interactive Encyclopedia – 1993, 1994.
Base Past Past Portuguese
Form Tense Participle Translation
------- ------- --------------- -------------------