Papers by Maurizio TIEPOLO
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
MethodsX, 2022
Over the next 30 years, temperatures are expected to increase in hot semi-arid zones. Despite inc... more Over the next 30 years, temperatures are expected to increase in hot semi-arid zones. Despite increasing studies on urban heat, cooling measures suitable for this climate zone remain poorly investigated. The proposed method is innovative because it focuses on significant landscape metrics for determining the land surface temperature (LST) and evaluating cooling measures. Recurrence of warm spells was identified analysing the daily air temperatures. Daytime and night-time LST data acquired from space were correlated with landscape metrics extracted from very high-resolution satellite imagery. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the significant metrics that affected it. Cooling measures were selected considering implementation leeway; performance of existing measures; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, equity analyses. Although the method was tested in Niamey, Niger, it can be applied to any city or town in hot semi-arid Global South, requiring decision-making support on cooling policies.
• Landscape metrics are consistent with development standard and general requirements
• Evaluation of measures to reduce land surface temperature includes experts’ advice
• Equity of measures to reduce land surface temperature is considered
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2022
Intense rainfalls in Sub-Saharan Africa are increasing in frequency. Land degradation, watercours... more Intense rainfalls in Sub-Saharan Africa are increasing in frequency. Land degradation, watercourses siltation, and flood defence failure turn these events into disastrous floods. Over the last decade flood risk assessments have been prepared to face these disasters. However, they have frequent limitations in design, accuracy, and completeness. The objectives of this study are (i) to integrate local and scientific knowledge into a participated pluvial flood risk assessment (ii) to identify assets and (iii) to estimate the potential impact and efficiency of risk-reduction measures. The assessment is developed in four rapidly expanding towns of Niger, flooded several times in recent years. Flood-prone areas and assets are identified according four flood scenarios using local knowledge, 2D hydraulic modelling, and visual photointerpretation of very-high-resolution satellite images. Risk-reduction measures are singled-out through public participation. The residual risk and benefit/cost analyses provide a decision-making tool to accept or treat risk. During the last decade the expansion of the four towns has been more rapid in flood-prone zones than in safe areas. Nowadays more than half of the housing stock could be flooded by rainfalls with 20 years return period. Catchment treatment and building retrofitting can reduce risk. from 100 to 29-82. Nevertheless, the benefit/cost of risk reduction is high for towns settled in small catchments only.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Green Energy and Technology, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Sustainability, 2019
Hydro-climatic risk assessments at the regional scale are of little use in the risk treatment dec... more Hydro-climatic risk assessments at the regional scale are of little use in the risk treatment decision-making process when they are only based on local or scientific knowledge and when they deal with a single risk at a time. Local and scientific knowledge can be combined in a multi-hazard risk assessment to contribute to sustainable rural development. The aim of this article was to develop a multi-hazard risk assessment at the regional scale which classifies communities according to the risk level, proposes risk treatment actions, and can be replicated in the agropastoral, semi-arid Tropics. The level of multi-hazard risk of 13 communities of Hodh Chargui (Mauritania) exposed to meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought, as well as heavy precipitations, was ascertained with an index composed of 48 indicators representing hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity. Community meetings and visits to exposed items enabled specific indicators to be identified. Sc...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Renewing Local Planning to Face Climate Change in the Tropics, 2017
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Sustainability, 2019
South of the Sahara, flood vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the ... more South of the Sahara, flood vulnerability and risk assessments at local level rarely identify the exposed areas according to the probability of flooding or the actions in place, or localize the exposed items. They are, therefore, of little use for local development, risk prevention, and contingency planning. The aim of this article is to assess the flood risk, providing useful information for local planning and an assessment methodology useful for other case studies. As a result, the first step involves identifying the information required by the local plans most used south of the Sahara. Four rural communities in Niger, frequently flooded by the Sirba River, are then considered. The risk is the product of the probability of a flood multiplied by the potential damage. Local knowledge and knowledge derived from a hydraulic numerical model, digital terrain model, very high resolution multispectral orthoimages, and daily precipitation are used. The assessment identifies the probability ...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Climate, 2018
International aid for climate change adaptation in West Africa is increasing exponentially, but o... more International aid for climate change adaptation in West Africa is increasing exponentially, but our understanding of hydroclimatic risks is not keeping pace with that increase. The aim of this article is to develop a multihazard risk assessment on a regional scale based on existing information that can be repeated over time and space and that will be useful during decision-making processes. This assessment was conducted in Dosso (Niger), the region most hit by flooding in the country, with the highest hydroclimatic risk in West Africa. The assessment characterizes the climate, identifies hazards, and analyzes multihazard risk over the 2011–2017 period for each of the region’s 43 municipalities. Hazards and risk level are compared to the intervention areas and actions of 6 municipal development plans and 12 adaptation and resilience projects. Over the past seven years, heavy precipitation and dry spells in the Dosso region have been more frequent than during the previous 30-year peri...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Water, 2021
Niamey, the capital of Niger, is particularly prone to floods, since it is on the banks of the Ni... more Niamey, the capital of Niger, is particularly prone to floods, since it is on the banks of the Niger River, which in its middle basin has two flood peaks: one in summer (the red flood) and one in winter (the black flood). In 2020, the Niger River in Niamey reached its all-time highest levels following an abundant rainy season. On the other hand, the floods in Niamey have been particularly frequent in the last decade, a symptom of a change in hydroclimatic behaviour already observed since the end of the great droughts of the 1970s and 1980s and which is identified with the name of Sahelian Paradox. This study, starting from the analysis of the 2020 flood and from the update of the rating curve of the Niamey hydrometric station, analyses the rainfall–runoff relationship on the Sahelian basins of the Medium Niger River Basin (MNRB) that are at the origin of the local flood. The comparative analysis of runoffs, annual maximum flows (AMAX) and runoff coefficients with various rainfall in...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Data in Brief, Feb 10, 2022
Flood risk reduction at the local scale requires knowledge of the settlements which are most expo... more Flood risk reduction at the local scale requires knowledge of the settlements which are most exposed to floods, and those where the existing measures are insufficient to handle the threats. The knowledge on spatial dynamics of the flooded human settlements is limited, especially that of the smaller ones, such as the settlements in the sub-Saharan Africa. The dataset on 122 flooded settlements in the Dosso Region (Niger) offers information on: the built-up area and the number of buildings with corrugated iron roofs in 2004, 2012, and 2019 (average dates), the type of human settlements (city, rural town, village, or hamlet), the flood dates and the number of buildings collapsed between 2011 and 2019. The data on the built-up area and the number of buildings with corrugated iron roofs were extracted by visual photointerpretation from very high-resolution images accessible through Google Earth Pro. The information on the settlement category was obtained from the Human Settlements National Directory (French acronym, ReNaLoc) published by the National Institute of Statistics of Niger. The dates of floods and the data on the number of collapsed buildings were obtained from the open access national database on flooding, known by the French acronym, BDINA. These data can be reused to build a geodatabase for flood risk reduction and to draft the municipal and regional development plans. Their potential reuse allows for the identification of settlements undergoing the most rapid physical expansion, built-up area in a flood-prone zone, and settlements that require protection and flood risk reduction policies. Additionally, the dataset can also be used to verify the accuracy of the built-up area obtained from the satellite images with coarse resolution and for comparisons with other regions in Niger and in sub-Saharan Africa.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Water
In Sahelian countries, a vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite the... more In Sahelian countries, a vast number of people are still affected every year by flood despite the efforts to prevent or mitigate these catastrophic events. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the incessant population growth and the increase of extreme natural events. Hence, the development of flood management strategies such as flood hazard mapping and Early Warning Systems has become a crucial objective for the affected nations. This study presents a comprehensive hazard assessment of the Nigerien reach of the Sirba River, the main tributary Middle Niger River. Hazard thresholds were defined both on hydrological analysis and field effects, according to national guidelines. Non-stationary analyses were carried out to consider changes in the hydrological behavior of the Sirba basin over time. Data from topographical land surveys and discharge gauges collected during the 2018 dry and wet seasons were used to implement the hydraulic numerical model of the analyzed reach. The use of the p...
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
MethodsX, 2021
In tropical regions, heavy precipitations may lead to catastrophic flooding due to the degradatio... more In tropical regions, heavy precipitations may lead to catastrophic flooding due to the degradation of catchments and the expansion of settlements in flood prone zones. In the current situation, where information on rainfall and exposed assets is either scant, or requires significant time to be collected, pluvial flood risk assessments are conducted using participatory tools, without any scientific support. Another option is to use satellite precipitation products, digital terrain models and satellite images at high to moderate-resolution. However, these datasets do not reach the required accuracy at the local scale. Consequently, the potential damages and the evaluation component of
risk assessment are often missing. Risk evaluation is pivotal for informed decisionmaking, with regards to the choice of treating or accepting the risk, implementing more effective measures, and for determining the safest areas for development. We proposed an improved method for assessing the risk of pluvial floods, which merges local and scientific knowledge and is consistent with the ISO 31010 standard. The method was successfully applied in five rural settlements in Niger and can be replicated in areas where information is scarce.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Katiellou G.L., Tarchiani V., Tiepolo M. (sous la dir.). Risque et adaptation climatique dans la région de Dosso au Niger, Oct 14, 2021
Le changement climatique en Afrique tropicale expose de nombreux établissements ruraux à des préc... more Le changement climatique en Afrique tropicale expose de nombreux établissements ruraux à des précipitations intenses. La dégradation des bassins versants transforme ces précipitations en inondations catastrophiques. Mais les impacts des précipitations intenses dépendent également de l'expansion du bati dans les zones inondables, sur laquelle les connaissances sont encore rares. L'objectif de ce chapitre est de réaliser une évaluation détaillée du risque, qui identifie les biens exposés aux inondations pluviales, estime l'impact et l'efficacité des mesures de réduction du risque. L'évaluation est réalisée dans quatre petites villes du Niger rural en plein essor, qui ont été inondées à plusieurs reprises au cours des dernières années. Les zones inondables suite à des pluies avec période de retour de 3 et 20 ans sont identifiées à l'aide d'un modèle hydrologique bidimensionnel selon que le bassin versant reste dans son état actuel ou est traité avec des mesures de réduction du risque. Les biens exposés sont identifiés par photointerprétation visuelle d'images à très haute résolution et leur valeur de remplacement est estimée. Les mesures de réduction des risques sont identifiées par des discussions avec les communautés. Le risque résiduel et le rapport bénéfice/coût du traitement du risque sont estimés. Le résultat est qu'au cours des 10 dernières années, l'expansion des 4 petites villes est plus rapide dans la zone inondable. Il reste peu de zones sûres pour permettre une expansion future. La cartographie des zones et des éléments exposés aux inondations est donc essentielle pour réduire l'exposition future aux inondations. La rétention d'eau, les toits en tôle ondulée, les barrières anti-inondation, les latrines surélevées et les puits sont des mesures efficaces pour réduire le risque, surtout en cas de précipitations intenses et fréquentes.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Katiellou G.L, Tarchiani V., Tiepolo M. (sous la dir.). Risque et adaptation climatique dans la Région de Dosso au Niger, 2021
L’aide internationale à l’adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique de l’Ouest augmente de f... more L’aide internationale à l’adaptation au changement climatique en Afrique de l’Ouest augmente de façon exponentielle. Cependant notre compréhension des risques hydro-climatiques ne suit pas cette augmentation. L’objectif du chapitre est de développer une évaluation des risques multi-aléa à l’échelle régionale, basée sur des informations accès ouverte existantes, pouvant être répétée dans le temps et l’espace, utile aux processus de prise de décision. Cette évaluation est menée dans la région de Dosso, la plus touchée par les inondations au Niger, où le risque hydro-climatique est le plus élevé en Afrique de l’Ouest. L’évaluation caractérise le climat, identifie les aléas et analyse le risque multi-aléa sur la période 2011-17 pour chacune des 43 communes de la région. Les aléas et le niveau de risque sont comparés aux domaines d’intervention et aux actions de six plans de développement municipaux et de 12 projets d’adaptation et de résilience. Au cours des sept dernières années, les fortes précipitations et les périodes de sécheresse dans la région de Dosso ont été plus fréquentes qu’au cours de la période précédente de 30 ans. Pas moins de 606 localités ont été touchées à plusieurs reprises et 15 municipalités sont classées comme présentant un risque multi-aléas élevé à grave. La répartition géographique des projets d’adaptation et de résilience ne reflète pas le niveau de risque. Un tiers des plans de développement locaux examinés proposent des actions qui ne visent pas à répondre aux principales menaces hydro-climatiques.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Katiellou G.L., Tarchiani V., Tiepolo M. (sous la dir.). Risque et adaptation climatique dans la région de Dosso au Niger, 2021
D’après la littérature récente, en Afrique subsaharienne l’exposition aux inondations et les domm... more D’après la littérature récente, en Afrique subsaharienne l’exposition aux inondations et les dommages qui en découlent sont liés à l’étalement urbain. Par conséquent, il est fréquemment recommandé de donner la priorité à la réduction des risques d’inondation aux villes. Cependant, les connaissances du lien entre l’expansion des zones bâties et les dommages causés par les inondations sont encore trop faibles pour soutenir toute politique de réduction du risque d’inondation à l’échelle locale. La littérature ne permet pas encore de déterminer la dynamique spatiale des établissements humains avec la précision nécessaire pour réduire le risque. Nous ne savons pas quel catégorie d’établissements humains es les plus touchée par les inondations, ni si les mesures en place sont efficaces pour éviter les impacts des inondations. Ce chapitre a deux objectifs. Tout d’abord, déterminer la dynamique spatiale des établissements humains à l’aide de sources d’information plus précises que celles utilisées actuellement. Deuxièmement, vérifier l’efficacité des mesures de réduction du risque d’inondation pluviale dans les établissements humains observés. L’utilisation d’images satellites à très haute résolution, librement accessibles par Google Earth Pro, permet de déterminer l’expansion de 116 établissements humains inondés dans la région de Dosso (Niger) entre 2000 et 2020. La dynamique spatiale est ensuite comparée au taux de maisons effondrées à la suite d’une inondation. Enfin, le nombre des bâtiments effondrés est comparée au nombre des bâtiments avec couverture en tôle ondulée. Nous avons constaté que les villes se développent plus rapidement et avec une tendance opposée à celle rapportée par les bases de données globales. Cependant, les hameaux et les villages se développent encore plus rapidement et connaissent plus d’effondrements de maisons que les villes. La consolidation des bâtiments est plus rapide que l’expansion des établissements humains. Toutefois, cela ne suffit pas à réduire les dommages causés par les inondations pluviales lorsque le cadre bâti est fragile, encore majoritairement en banco, et dépourvu de tout système de drainage des eaux pluviales.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
MethodsX, 2021
Flood risk assessments in the Global South have increased since the adoption of the United Nation... more Flood risk assessments in the Global South have increased since the adoption of the United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. However, they often fail to meet disaster risk reduction needs at the local scale, because they typically consider only one hazard (fluvial or pluvial floods). Furthermore, hazard and exposure are considered as stationary conditions, flood-prone assets are rarely identified, risk reduction measures are not identified in detail for specific locations, and the convenience of reducing or accepting risk is not evaluated. This paper describes a flood risk assessment method that is innovative in that it considers three hazard types (backwater, fluvial, and pluvial floods) and multiple risk scenarios; it uses orthophotos generated from images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle and very high-resolution satellite images, and it involves communities in risk assessment. The method was applied to four rural settlements along the Sirba River, Niger. The assessment identifies the benefit of reducing risk in monetary terms, as well as the intangible benefits that reducing risk could generate, and it detects opportunities that flooding offers for rural development. The method can be replicated in all contexts where decision-making support is needed for flood risk assessment planning.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Water, 2021
Niamey, the capital of Niger, is particularly prone to floods, since it is on the banks of the Ni... more Niamey, the capital of Niger, is particularly prone to floods, since it is on the banks of the Niger River, which in its middle basin has two flood peaks: one in summer (the red flood) and one in winter (the black flood). In 2020, the Niger River in Niamey reached its all-time highest levels following an abundant rainy season. On the other hand, the floods in Niamey have been particularly frequent in the last decade, a symptom of a change in hydroclimatic behaviour already observed since the end of the great droughts of the 1970s and 1980s and which is identified with the name of Sahelian Paradox. This study, starting from the analysis of the 2020 flood and from the update of the rating curve of the Niamey hydrometric station, analyses the rainfall-runoff relationship on the Sahelian basins of the Medium Niger River Basin (MNRB) that are at the origin of the local flood. The comparative analysis of runoffs, annual maximum flows (AMAX) and runoff coefficients with various rainfall indices calculated on gridded datasets allowed to hydroclimatically characterise the last decade as a different period from the wet one before the drought, the dry one and the postdrought one. Compared to the last one, the current period is characterised by a sustained increase in hydrological indicators (AMAX +27%) consistent with the increase in both the accumulation of precipitation (+11%) and the number (+51%) and magnitude (+54%) of extreme events in the MNRB. Furthermore, a greater concentration of rainfall and extremes (+78%) in August contributes to reinforcing the red flood's positive anomalies (+2.23 st.dev in 2020). The study indicates that under these conditions the frequency of extreme hydrological events in Niamey will tend to increase further also because of the concurrence of drivers such as riverbed silting and levee effects. Consequently, the study concludes with the need for a comprehensive flood-risk assessment on the Niamey city that considers both recent hydroclimatic trends and urbanisation dynamics in flood zones hence defining the most appropriate risk-reduction strategies.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Land Use Policy, 2021
The current literature links flood exposure and the consequent damage in the sub-Saharan Africa t... more The current literature links flood exposure and the consequent damage in the sub-Saharan Africa to urban expansion. The main implication of this pertains to the fact that cities are the target of flood risk reduction. However, our knowledge of the built-up area expansion–flood damage nexus is still too scarce to support any risk reduction policy at the local scale. The objective of this study is to reconsider the link between urban expansion and flood damage widening the observation to rural settlements with open access information alternative to global datasets on flood damages and moderate resolution satellite images. Using very high-resolution satellite images accessible via Google Earth Pro, the expansion of 122 flooded settlements in
the Dosso region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that reported by the global datasets.
However, hamlets and villages expand even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural settlements
is three times higher than that in urban settlements. Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a rural urgency.
Bookmarks Related papers MentionsView impact
Uploads
Papers by Maurizio TIEPOLO
• Landscape metrics are consistent with development standard and general requirements
• Evaluation of measures to reduce land surface temperature includes experts’ advice
• Equity of measures to reduce land surface temperature is considered
risk assessment are often missing. Risk evaluation is pivotal for informed decisionmaking, with regards to the choice of treating or accepting the risk, implementing more effective measures, and for determining the safest areas for development. We proposed an improved method for assessing the risk of pluvial floods, which merges local and scientific knowledge and is consistent with the ISO 31010 standard. The method was successfully applied in five rural settlements in Niger and can be replicated in areas where information is scarce.
the Dosso region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that reported by the global datasets.
However, hamlets and villages expand even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural settlements
is three times higher than that in urban settlements. Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a rural urgency.
• Landscape metrics are consistent with development standard and general requirements
• Evaluation of measures to reduce land surface temperature includes experts’ advice
• Equity of measures to reduce land surface temperature is considered
risk assessment are often missing. Risk evaluation is pivotal for informed decisionmaking, with regards to the choice of treating or accepting the risk, implementing more effective measures, and for determining the safest areas for development. We proposed an improved method for assessing the risk of pluvial floods, which merges local and scientific knowledge and is consistent with the ISO 31010 standard. The method was successfully applied in five rural settlements in Niger and can be replicated in areas where information is scarce.
the Dosso region (Niger) during the past 20 years is evaluated. Spatial dynamics is then compared with the rate of collapsed houses due to flooding. Finally, house collapses and retrofitting are compared. We discovered that cities expand at faster rates and with an opposite trend to that reported by the global datasets.
However, hamlets and villages expand even more rapidly and suffer more house collapses than rural towns and cities. House consolidation is quicker than the settlement expansion but this is not sufficient to reduce damage from pluvial flooding. The proportion of the Poor to the total number of inhabitants in rural settlements
is three times higher than that in urban settlements. Environmental justice is, therefore, not just an urban issue but a rural urgency.
trazione animale, allevamento stanziale). Questi fenomeni sembrerebbero confermare la relazione “pressione demografica = intensificazione agricola” di E. Boserup (1965). Questo paper analizza il land cover attorno ad un tratturo in zona pastorale nel comune di Tarka, Niger settentrionale. Si utilizza un’immagine satellitare Quickbird ad alta definizione del marzo 2007, ortorettificata e integrata da verità di terreno. Nonostante lo studio abbia la finalità di fornire al comune di Tarka una carta per delimitare un corridoio di transumanza,
esso offre conoscenze utili sul fronte agricolo e sulla copertura arborea/arbustiva in un’area di 62 kmq. Si accerta una massiccia presenza di campi che ostacola l’accesso pastorale ai punti d’acqua, una forte correlazione tra assenza di copertura arborea e presenza di campi, nonché l’insediamento d’agricoltori “senza terra” provenienti dal Niger meridionale. A Tarka, l’invasione degli spazi pastorali e il degrado delle risorse naturali scaturiscono dalla pressione demografica in atto nella fascia agricola meridionale.
La Région de Dosso au Niger (31 000 km2, deux millions d’habitants) a été inondée et frappée par la sécheresse à plusieurs reprises durant les dernières 10 années. Alors, pour mieux comprendre et maîtriser ces aléas les changements climatiques d’ici au 2030 sont caractérisées à l’échelle locale. La base de données sur les inondations est transférée dans une archive ouverte. La dynamique spatiale des localités rurale est observée durant les 20 dernières années, L’analyse-évaluation du risque d’inondation et de sécheresse est développée à l’échelle régionale, communale et de localité rurale. Des services climatologiques sont offerts aux petits producteurs ruraux. Les méthodes proposées utilisent des informations en libre accès et sont donc aisément reproductibles dans d’autres régions du Pays et d’Afrique francophone. Ce livre présente des outils pour connaître et gérer le risque hydro-climatique à l’échelle locale.
ecology, economy, environmental engineering, geomatics, materials science, and spatial and regional planning in 12 tropical countries.
povero si sarà forse chiesto come sia possibile
sviluppare l’economia locale. Investire in queste
zone può in effetti sembrare un azzardo, specie se
è già difficile far crescere le aree più accessibili.
Ciononostante, in molti casi si è visto che la
rottura dell’isolamento ha ridotto la povertà.
Ed è proprio ciò di cui il Niger ha bisogno. Le sue
aree remote accolgono il 40% della popolazione.
Da esse proviene la maggior parte dei prodotti
d’esportazione. Ma un’economia così povera
dove può trovare le risorse per spezzare
l’isolamento? Negli ultimi anni la scoperta di
petrolio e di nuovi giacimenti d’uranio apre una
prospettiva. Tuttavia, nelle zone d’estrazione gli
abitanti temono il degrado delle risorse naturali e
non credono a ricadute positive sull’economia
locale. Nelle altre zone remote, come il
dipartimento di Keita, la governance locale non
riesce a innescare lo sviluppo da sola, e non è
chiaro quali benefici potrà trarre dalla rendita
petrolifera e mineraria.
Il libro propone un’analisi regionale condotta con
un apposito indice d’accessibilità della
popolazione dipartimentale e diversi indicatori.
L’andamento delle risorse naturali, della
produzione, della popolazione e dell’accesso alle
attrezzature è confrontato con le strategie di
sviluppo nazionali e locali e con i programmi
d’aiuto. Ciò consente di smontare alcuni cliché
sulla relazione popolamento-intensificazione
agricola, sulla rigenerazione della vegetazione,
sugli strumenti di governance locale e di
formulare suggerimenti per l’azione.
plans locaux de développement commencent à aborder le changement climatique, sans d’ailleurs saisir l’intensité et la tendance de celui-ci et sans apprécier l’impact attendu des mesures identifiées, ni le risque de
catastrophes. Ce livre propose de renforcer la planifi cation locale avec des outils d’aide à la décision. Le cas d’application est la région Tillabéri, au Niger, et la ville de Niamey qui se trouve en son coeur : un ensemble de 95 000 km2 et 4 millions d’habitants déjà frappés par des inondations et des sécheresses catastrophiques. Le livre caractérise le climat, présente les changements attendus aux horizons 2025 et 2050, propose une analyse-évaluation multirisque (inondation et sécheresse agricole) à l’échelle communale, des villes et des villages à partir de la cartographie préliminaire du risque d’inondation.