Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

WO2023240712A1 - 防窥膜及显示装置 - Google Patents

防窥膜及显示装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2023240712A1
WO2023240712A1 PCT/CN2022/103428 CN2022103428W WO2023240712A1 WO 2023240712 A1 WO2023240712 A1 WO 2023240712A1 CN 2022103428 W CN2022103428 W CN 2022103428W WO 2023240712 A1 WO2023240712 A1 WO 2023240712A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
polarizer
angle
long axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/103428
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
叶文龙
程薇
Original Assignee
武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 filed Critical 武汉华星光电技术有限公司
Priority to US17/794,398 priority Critical patent/US20240192532A1/en
Publication of WO2023240712A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023240712A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, and specifically to a privacy film and a display device.
  • a commonly used anti-peep device is to stick a layer of anti-peep film on the outer surface of the display device, which can make the left and right black and invisible.
  • this anti-peep method cannot be switched, and because the anti-peep film adopts an opaque structure, it will cause Light utilization efficiency decreases.
  • This application provides an anti-peep film and a display device to achieve switching between anti-peep mode and sharing mode.
  • This application provides a privacy film, which includes:
  • At least two polarizers At least two polarizers
  • a liquid crystal light modulating layer is disposed between two adjacent polarizers;
  • the optical axes of at least two polarizers are parallel to each other.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane of the polarizer is an acute angle.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizer is located is greater than or equal to 50 degrees. and less than or equal to 70 degrees.
  • the plane where the polarizer is located is the xy plane composed of the x-axis and the y-axis, and the normal direction of the polarizer is the z-axis direction perpendicular to the xy plane.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the yz plane and the angle between it and the y axis is ⁇ , and the light in the side view direction of the privacy film is located in the xz plane.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizer is located is 62.63 degrees.
  • the number of polarizers is at least three, and the number of liquid crystal dimming layers is at least two.
  • the first mode at least two layers of liquid crystal The long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the light modulating layer are parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer.
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer includes at least a first liquid crystal light modulating layer and a second liquid crystal light modulating layer.
  • the first liquid crystal light modulating layer In the first mode, the first liquid crystal light modulating layer The orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the polarizer and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal dimming layer on the polarizer have an included angle.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal dimming layer is aligned with the orthographic projection of the polarizer and the second liquid crystal dimming layer.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the optical layer is perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the polarizer.
  • the liquid crystal dimming layer further includes:
  • the third liquid crystal light-adjusting layer in the first mode, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the first liquid crystal light-adjusting layer is in the orthographic projection of the polarizer and the liquid crystal in the third liquid crystal light-adjusting layer.
  • the long axis of the molecule is parallel in the orthographic projection of the polarizer.
  • the liquid crystal dimming layer further includes:
  • the fourth liquid crystal light-adjusting layer in the first mode, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal light-adjusting layer is in the orthographic projection of the polarizer and the liquid crystal in the fourth liquid crystal light-adjusting layer.
  • the long axis of the molecule is parallel in the orthographic projection of the polarizer.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal dimming layer ranges from 2 microns to 7 microns.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the normal line of the polarizer is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to 87 degrees and less than or equal to 90 degrees, or ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero degrees and less than or equal to 5 degrees.
  • the privacy film further includes:
  • the second electrode being arranged opposite to the first electrode
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; wherein,
  • the polarizer is disposed on the side of the first electrode and the second electrode away from the liquid crystal light modulating layer.
  • the privacy film further includes:
  • a first alignment layer, the first alignment layer is provided on the side of the first electrode close to the liquid crystal dimming layer;
  • a second alignment layer is provided on a side of the second electrode close to the liquid crystal light modulating layer.
  • this application also provides a display device, which includes:
  • the privacy film includes:
  • At least two polarizers At least two polarizers
  • a liquid crystal light modulating layer is disposed between two adjacent polarizers;
  • the optical axis directions of at least two polarizers are parallel, and in the first mode, the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizer is located is an acute angle;
  • a display panel is provided on the side of the polarizer of the anti-peep film away from the liquid crystal light modulating layer.
  • the display device further includes:
  • the backlight source includes a collimated light source
  • a light guide plate is provided on a side of the privacy film away from the display panel, and the collimated light source is provided on one side of the light guide plate.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizer is located is greater than or equal to 50 degrees. and less than or equal to 70 degrees.
  • the plane where the polarizer is located is the xy plane composed of the x-axis and the y-axis, and the normal direction of the polarizer is the z-axis direction perpendicular to the xy plane.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the yz plane and the angle between it and the y axis is ⁇ , and the light in the side view direction of the privacy film is located in the xz plane.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizer is located is 62.63 degrees.
  • the number of polarizers is at least three, and the number of liquid crystal dimming layers is at least two.
  • the first mode at least two layers of liquid crystal The long axes of the liquid crystal molecules in the light modulating layer are parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer.
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer includes at least a first liquid crystal light modulating layer and a second liquid crystal light modulating layer.
  • the first liquid crystal light modulating layer In the first mode, the first liquid crystal light modulating layer The orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the polarizer and the orthographic projection of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal dimming layer on the polarizer have an included angle.
  • the present application provides an anti-peep film and a display device, wherein the anti-peep film includes: at least two polarizers; a liquid crystal light modulating layer, and the liquid crystal light modulating layer is disposed between two adjacent polarizers; wherein , the optical axis directions of at least two polarizers are parallel, and in the first mode, the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane where the polarizers are located is an acute angle.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane of the polarizer is set to an acute angle, thereby making the liquid crystal dimming in the side view direction.
  • the effective long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the layer has an angle with the direction of polarized light, so that the light in the side view direction of the privacy film is darker and privacy protection is achieved.
  • the non-first mode all sides of the privacy film are protected.
  • the brightness of the light in the direction is almost the same and can be shared; and the liquid crystal dimming layer is light-transmissive, which is helpful to improve the efficiency of light utilization.
  • Figure 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of the privacy film provided by this application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of light and liquid crystal molecules in the side view direction of the privacy film of the present application in the first mode;
  • Figure 3 is a model diagram of light and liquid crystal molecules in the side view direction of the privacy film of the present application in the first mode
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the display device of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the privacy film provided by this application.
  • Figure 6 is a third structural schematic diagram of the privacy film provided by the present application.
  • Figure 7 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the privacy film provided by the present application.
  • Figure 8 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the privacy film provided by this application.
  • This application provides a privacy film and a display device, which will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the description order of the following embodiments does not limit the preferred order of the embodiments of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a first structural schematic diagram of the privacy film 100 provided by the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an anti-peep film 100, which includes: at least two polarizers 10 and a liquid crystal dimming layer 20;
  • the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 is disposed between two adjacent polarizers 10; the optical axes of at least two polarizers 10 are parallel to each other.
  • the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 is provided in the first mode.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is an acute angle.
  • the first mode is also a privacy mode.
  • This application utilizes the birefringence characteristics of the liquid crystal molecules 21 to regulate the brightness of light in the side viewing direction of the privacy-preventing film 100 , thereby achieving the effect of preventing privacy in the side-viewing direction of the privacy-preventing film 100 .
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is set to an acute angle, so that in side view
  • the effective long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 has an angle with the direction of polarized light, so that the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy-preventing film 100 is darker to achieve privacy protection.
  • the brightness of the light in all directions of the privacy film 100 is similar and can be shared; and the liquid crystal dimming layer is light-transmissive, which is beneficial to improving the utilization efficiency of light.
  • the half-wave plate has special optical properties. Add a layer of polarizer 10 with the optical axis direction parallel to the upper and lower sides of the half-wave plate, so that the linearly polarized light passes through the polarizer 10 on the lower side.
  • the angle between the incident direction and the long axis of the half-wave plate is 45 degrees or -45 degrees
  • the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light passing through the half-wave plate rotates exactly 90 degrees and is absorbed by the polarizer 10 located on the upper side. Therefore, The linearly polarized light passing through the lower polarizer 10 cannot pass through the upper polarizer 10 .
  • the birefringence characteristics and dielectric characteristics of the liquid crystal molecules 21 can form a half-wave plate and also have switching characteristics.
  • Using the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 to form a half-wave plate in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 needs to meet the following two conditions: Condition 1: The phase retardation difference of the liquid crystal light modulation layer 20 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is equal to half a wave. The phase retardation difference of the film; Condition 2: The angle between the effective long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is 45 degrees.
  • Condition 1 The phase retardation difference of the liquid crystal light modulation layer 20 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is equal to half a wave.
  • the phase retardation difference of the film Condition 2: The angle between the effective long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is 45 degrees.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the light F1 and liquid crystal molecules in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 in the first mode of the present application.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the privacy film of the present application. Model diagram of light F1 and liquid crystal molecules in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 in the first mode.
  • ne is the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the long axis direction, and no is the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the short axis direction.
  • the polarizer is located in the xy plane, the normal direction of the polarizer is the z-axis direction perpendicular to the xy plane, the liquid crystal molecules 21 are in the yz plane, and the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is ⁇ .
  • the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is located on the xz plane and the angle between it and the z-axis is ⁇
  • the angle between the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 is ⁇ .
  • ne' ne ⁇ no ⁇ (ne 2 cos 2 ⁇ +no 2 sin 2 ⁇ ) 1/2 , and the effective long axis
  • the pointing vector is located in a plane perpendicular to the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100.
  • the angle between the pointing vector of the effective long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is ⁇ .
  • the phase retardation difference of the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 is 2 ⁇ (ne'-no)d'/ ⁇
  • d' is the traveling distance of linearly polarized light in the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20
  • ne' and no are the distances of the liquid crystal molecules 21
  • the optical layer 20 has the effect of a half-wave plate.
  • the light passing through the polarizer 10 on the lower side of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 forms linearly polarized light and then enters the liquid crystal dimming layer 20.
  • the linearly polarized light passes through the liquid crystal dimming layer.
  • the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light behind the layer 20 is rotated exactly 90 degrees and is absorbed by the polarizer 10 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20. Therefore, it passes through the polarizer 10 located on the lower side of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 in the side view direction of the anti-peep film 100.
  • the light of the polarizer 10 cannot pass through the polarizer 10 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20, so that privacy protection is achieved in the side view direction of the privacy-preventing film 100.
  • the pointing vector of the effective long axis is located in a plane perpendicular to the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 , that is, the effective long axis is at different angles in the side view direction of the privacy film 100
  • the angle between the pointing vector and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is different. Therefore, it can be seen that the brightness of the light seen at different angles in the side view direction of the privacy protection film 100 is different, and different levels of privacy protection can be achieved.
  • the polarizer 10 on the lower side of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 passes through Light cannot pass through the polarizer 10 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 , and the privacy film 100 can be completely protected from privacy when viewed from the side.
  • the angle in the side view direction is a known value.
  • the following uses the brightness of the privacy film 100 seen at an angle of 30 degrees in the side view direction to illustrate the privacy effect of the privacy film 100 .
  • the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is 62.63 degrees, which is effective at this time.
  • the angle ⁇ between the pointing vector of the long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees.
  • the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is rotated exactly 90 degrees, so that the angle between the directing vector of the effective long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, when viewed from the side of the privacy film 100
  • the light that passes through the polarizer 10 located on the lower side of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 cannot pass through the polarizer 10 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20, so the anti-peep effect is the best.
  • the ⁇ angle must be 62.63 degrees, that is, it does not limit the included angle ⁇ to be 45 degrees; for example, when the ⁇ angle > 62.63 degrees, the included angle ⁇ > 45 degrees, and when the ⁇ angle ⁇ 62.63 degrees, it will Make the included angle ⁇ 45 degrees.
  • the angle between the axes is 10 degrees, which will cause most of the light to be absorbed by the polarizer 10 located on the upper side of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20, and a small amount of light will be transmitted, but the brightness in the side view direction will still be greatly reduced.
  • the included angle ⁇ must be maintained at 45 degrees. At this time, changes in the included angle ⁇ will also cause changes in the included angle ⁇ .
  • the ⁇ angle must be increased to 62.63 degrees.
  • the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer there is no limit to the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the liquid crystal parameter is the refractive index parameter of the liquid crystal molecule 21
  • the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule 21 and the y-axis d will be caused.
  • the method of realizing the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is not limited here, and can be realized through various methods such as electric field, alignment materials, and microstructures.
  • the privacy film 100 by adjusting the angle ⁇ between the long axis and the y-axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 of the privacy film 100 to a set value, and using a light source to generate light on the privacy film 100 A light source is provided on one side, so that the privacy film 100 can actually achieve the following privacy effects.
  • the following table is a comparison table of the brightness seen at multiple viewing angles when only the light source is used, and a comparison table of the brightness seen at multiple viewing angles when the light source and privacy film 100 are used together;
  • the privacy-preventing film 100 of the present application has a good privacy-preventing effect in the side view direction.
  • the privacy film 100 includes: two polarizers 10 and a liquid crystal dimming layer 20;
  • liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 is disposed between the two polarizers 10 .
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 50 degrees. equal to 70 degrees.
  • the plane where the polarizer is located is the xy plane composed of the x axis and the y axis, and the normal direction of the polarizer is the z axis direction perpendicular to the xy plane.
  • the The long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the yz plane and the angle between it and the y axis is ⁇ .
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is equal to the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 .
  • the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is the same, and the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the y-axis is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, correspondingly , the privacy angle in the side view direction of the privacy film is between 55 degrees and 20 degrees.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the y-axis is 50 degrees
  • the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is located at
  • the angle ⁇ between the xz plane and the z-axis is 55 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ between the pointing vector of the effective long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, which has the best privacy protection effect;
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the y-axis is 70 degrees, and the light F1 in the side view direction of the privacy film 100 is located on the xz plane and is aligned with the z-axis.
  • the angle ⁇ is 20 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ between the directing vector of the effective long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light is 45 degrees, which has the best anti-peep effect.
  • the light ray in the side view direction of the privacy film is located in the xz plane and the angle with the z axis is ⁇ , the light ray in the side view direction of the privacy film is Brightness is less than 13%.
  • the commonly used side-view anti-peep angle of existing ordinary display products is between 45 degrees and 60 degrees.
  • the side-view anti-peep angle of the vehicle-mounted display product must be between 45 degrees and 60 degrees. More needs to be about 30 degrees, so the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer and the plane of the polarizer is required to be 50 degrees to 70 degrees.
  • the privacy angle in the side viewing direction of the privacy film is between 55 degrees and 20 degrees. time, which is more suitable for use scenarios of vehicle-mounted display products. Therefore, in the first mode, setting the angle ⁇ between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the y-axis is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, which is more conducive to preventing peep.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the plane where the polarizer 10 is located is 62.63 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ between the directing vector of the effective long axis and the polarization direction F2 of the linearly polarized light can be made It is 45 degrees and has the best privacy protection effect.
  • the privacy angle of the privacy film in the side view direction is between 30 degrees and 20 degrees.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is greater than or equal to 62.63 degrees and less than or equal to 70 degrees, then The privacy angle of the privacy film in the side view direction is between 55 degrees and 30 degrees.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 ranges from 2 microns to 7 microns. If the thickness of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 is too thick, it will not only cause excessive gravity of the liquid crystal but also increase the difficulty of the manufacturing process. Both of the above situations will easily cause uneven display. Therefore, the thickness of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 should not be too thick. Further, the thickness of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 ranges from 3 microns to 5 microns. The thickness of the liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 is set between 2 microns and 7 microns, or even between 3 microns and 5 microns, so that both It has a good anti-peeping effect, and can also reduce the difficulty of the manufacturing process and avoid uneven display.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the normal line of the polarizer 10 is ⁇ , and ⁇ is greater than or equal to 87 degrees and Less than or equal to 90 degrees, or, ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero degrees and less than or equal to 5 degrees.
  • the second mode is also the sharing mode.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the dimming liquid crystal layer is perpendicular or parallel to the polarizer 10
  • the direction of the normal line arrangement that is, the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the dimming liquid crystal layer and the normal line of the polarizer 10 is 90 degrees or zero degrees.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 21 are negative liquid crystal molecules 21 or positive liquid crystal molecules 21.
  • the value of ⁇ is greater than or equal to 87 degrees and Less than or equal to 90 degrees; when the liquid crystal molecules 21 are negative liquid crystal molecules 21, the value of ⁇ is greater than or equal to zero degrees and less than or equal to 5 degrees.
  • the privacy film 100 further includes:
  • the second electrode 32 is arranged opposite to the first electrode 31;
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 is disposed between the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32; wherein,
  • the polarizer 10 is disposed on the side of the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 away from the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 .
  • the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 may be full-surface electrodes, or may be multiple electrode plates arranged at intervals.
  • the privacy film 100 further includes:
  • a first alignment layer 51, the first alignment layer 51 is provided on the side of the first electrode 31 close to the liquid crystal dimming layer 20;
  • the second alignment layer 52 is provided on the side of the second electrode 32 close to the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 .
  • liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 are pre-aligned through the first alignment layer 51 and the second alignment layer 52, wherein the first alignment layer 51 and the second alignment layer 52 include poly(polymer). Imide alignment film.
  • the privacy film 100 further includes:
  • the first substrate 41 is provided on the side of the first electrode 31 away from the liquid crystal dimming layer 20;
  • the second substrate 42 is provided on the side of the second electrode 32 away from the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 .
  • the polarizer 10 is provided on the side of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 away from the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 .
  • the first electrode 31 and the second electrode 32 are supported by the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42, wherein the materials of the first substrate 41 and the second substrate 42 can be glass, polyester resin, transparent Materials such as polyimide and ultra-thin glass.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the display device 200 of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a display device 200, which includes: the above-mentioned privacy film 100 and a display panel 60.
  • the display panel 60 is disposed on a side of the polarizer 10 away from the liquid crystal dimming layer 20. side.
  • the principle of solving the problem of the display device 200 is similar to that of the aforementioned privacy film 100 . Therefore, the implementation and beneficial effects of the display device 200 can be referred to the description of the aforementioned privacy film 100 , and the repeated parts will not be described again.
  • the display device 200 further includes a display polarizer 70 , which is disposed on a side of the display panel 60 away from the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 .
  • the optical axis direction of the display polarizer 70 is in line with the direction of the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 .
  • the optical axis directions of the polarizer 10 are perpendicular to each other.
  • the display device 200 using the privacy-preventing film 100 of the present application has a very good privacy-preventing effect in the side view direction.
  • the display device 200 further includes a backlight source 80 .
  • the backlight source 80 is disposed on a side of the privacy film 100 away from the display panel 60 .
  • the backlight source 80 is a collimated light source 82 or a divergent light source 81.
  • the collimated light source 82 can emit collimated light, which can be realized through inverse prism backlight, collimating film, collimating lens, etc., and the collimated light source 82 has more features. Good display effect is helpful to reduce the loss of light source during the propagation process.
  • the backlight source 80 includes a collimated light source 82 and a divergent light source 81.
  • the display device 200 further includes: a first light guide plate 91 and a second light guide plate 92.
  • the first light guide plate 91 and the second light guide plate 92 The divergent light source 81 is disposed on the side of the first light guide plate 91
  • the collimated light source 82 is disposed on the second light guide plate 91 .
  • the side of the light plate 92 is
  • the backlight source 80 can optionally emit diffuse light or collimated light, in which the first light guide plate 91 can emit diffuse light, and the second light guide plate 92 can emit collimated light.
  • the first light guide plate 91 works in the anti-peep mode, that is, The incident light of the privacy film 100 is divergent light.
  • the second light guide plate 92 operates in the sharing mode, that is, the incident light of the privacy film 100 is collimated light. What needs to be emphasized is that it is not limited to only one light guide plate working in the privacy mode or the sharing mode.
  • the first light guide plate 91 and the second light guide plate 92 can also be made to work at the same time according to actual needs.
  • the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is greater than or equal to 50 degrees and Less than or equal to 70 degrees.
  • the plane where the polarizer is located is the xy plane composed of the x axis and the y axis, and the normal direction of the polarizer is the z axis direction perpendicular to the xy plane.
  • the The long axis of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal dimming layer is in the yz plane and the angle between it and the y axis is ⁇ .
  • the display device 200 is in the side view direction.
  • the brightness is less than 1.2%.
  • Figure 5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the privacy film 100 provided by the present application.
  • the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 includes polymer The polymer network 22 and the liquid crystal molecules 21 distributed in the polymer network 22.
  • an electric field can be used to tilt the liquid crystal molecules 21 to a set angle, and then the polymer in the dimmable liquid crystal layer is solidified through ultraviolet light or other means to form a polymer network 22. After the electric field is removed, The polymer network 22 will maintain the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules 21 at a set angle.
  • an optimal setting angle can be selected according to actual needs, and then the polymer network 22 is used to maintain the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules 21 at the set angle.
  • the setting angle can be: The angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the plane of the polarizer 10 is 50 degrees to 70 degrees. At this time, the privacy film 100 is in the first mode.
  • FIG. 6 is a third structural schematic diagram of the privacy film 100 provided by the present application. Since the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 is disposed between two adjacent polarizers 10, when the number of polarizers 10 is at least three, the number of the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 is at least two. In practice, During use, since the single-layer liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 cannot achieve the theoretical anti-peeping effect, multiple layers of liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 20 can be provided to enhance the anti-peeping effect. This makes the privacy protection film 100 close to the theoretical privacy protection effect. The difference between this embodiment and the privacy film 100 provided by this application in FIG.
  • the number of polarizers 10 is at least three, and correspondingly, the number of liquid crystal dimming layers 20 is at least two.
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in at least two layers of the liquid crystal dimming layers 20 are parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 .
  • the number of the polarizers 10 is three, and correspondingly, the number of the liquid crystal light modulating layers 20 is two layers.
  • the liquid crystals in the two layers of the liquid crystal light modulating layers 20 are The long axis of the molecule 21 is parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 .
  • FIG. 7 is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the privacy film 100 provided by the present application.
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 at least includes a first liquid crystal light modulating layer 201 and a second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202.
  • the orthographic projection of slice 10 has included angles.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 of the privacy film 100 are in the yz plane and the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y axis is ⁇ , then the privacy film 100 is in The side view directions located on both sides of the y-axis have a privacy-preventing effect. Therefore, in the first mode, when there is only one tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 of the privacy film 100, privacy protection can only be achieved in two directions. In order to achieve a larger anti-peeping angle, it is necessary to tilt the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 of the anti-peeping film 100 in multiple directions in the first mode.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the first liquid crystal light modulating layer 201 is the same as the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 in the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 . If the axis has an included angle with the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10, a larger anti-peep angle can be obtained.
  • the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the anti-peep film 100 When in the first mode, the liquid crystal in the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the anti-peep film 100
  • the molecules 21 are in the yz plane and the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is ⁇ , then the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the privacy film 100 has an anti-privacy effect in the side view direction on both sides of the y-axis. ;
  • the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the second liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 202 of the privacy film 100 are not in the yz plane.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the first liquid crystal light-adjusting layer 201 is in the polarizer 10
  • the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 has an angle with the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202
  • the privacy protection film 100 of the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 has an angle.
  • the angle is different from the privacy angle of the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the privacy film 100, so that the privacy angle of the privacy film 100 is the same as the privacy angle of the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202 and the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201.
  • the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 is in the orthogonal projection of the polarizer 10 and the liquid crystal in the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202
  • the long axis of the molecule 21 is perpendicular to the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 .
  • the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the privacy film 100 are in the yz plane and the angle between the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 and the y-axis is ⁇ , then
  • the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 of the anti-peep film 100 has an anti-peep effect in the side view direction located on both sides of the y-axis;
  • the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202 of the anti-peep film 100 are in the xz plane and The angle between the film 100 and the x-axis is ⁇ , so the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202 of the privacy film 100 has a privacy-preventing effect in the side view direction located on both sides of the x-axis.
  • the anti-peep angle of the anti-peep film 100 is the combination of the anti-peep angle of the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202 and the anti-peep angle of the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201. Therefore, the anti-peep angle of the anti-peep film 100 can be realized in the front view direction and the rear view direction. There are four directions of privacy protection: direction, left viewing direction and right viewing direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the privacy film 100 provided by the present application.
  • the difference between this embodiment and the privacy film 100 provided by this application in Figure 7 is that the liquid crystal dimming layer 20 also includes:
  • the third liquid crystal dimming layer 203 In the first mode, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 is in the orthogonal projection of the polarizer 10 and the third liquid crystal dimming The long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the layer 203 are parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 .
  • multi-layer liquid crystal light-adjusting layers 20 can be used to enhance the anti-peeping effect.
  • the first liquid crystal dimming layer 201 and the third liquid crystal dimming layer 203 are provided, and in the first mode, the first liquid crystal dimming If the tilt directions of the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the layer 201 and the third liquid crystal dimming layer 203 are the same, the privacy protection effect of the privacy film 100 in a certain direction can be enhanced.
  • the liquid crystal light modulating layer 20 further includes:
  • the fourth liquid crystal dimming layer 204 in the first mode, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the second liquid crystal dimming layer 202 is in the orthogonal projection of the polarizer 10 and the fourth liquid crystal dimming
  • the long axes of the liquid crystal molecules 21 in the layer 204 are parallel to the orthographic projection of the polarizer 10 .
  • a second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 and a fourth liquid crystal light modulating layer 204 are provided, and in the first mode, the liquid crystal molecules in the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 and the fourth liquid crystal light modulating layer 204 If the major axes of 21 are tilted in the same direction, the privacy-preventing effect of the privacy film 100 in a certain direction can be enhanced.
  • first liquid crystal light modulating layer 201 and the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 may be arranged adjacently, or may not be arranged adjacently.
  • first liquid crystal light modulating layer 201 and the second liquid crystal light modulating layer 202 are two adjacent liquid crystal light modulating layers 20 .

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Polarising Elements (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

一种防窥膜（100）及显示装置（200），在第一模式下，将液晶调光层（20）中的液晶分子（21）的长轴与偏光片（10）所在平面之间的夹角设为锐角，从而使得在侧视方向液晶调光层（20）中的液晶分子（21）的有效长轴与偏振光的方向具有夹角，因此使得在防窥膜（100）的侧视方向的光线较暗而实现防窥，而在非第一模式下可以实现分享。

Description

防窥膜及显示装置 技术领域
本申请涉及显示技术领域，具体涉及一种防窥膜及显示装置。
背景技术
随着显示设备的普及和应用，例如智能手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑等的使用的增加，用户已变得开始关注其他个人能够读取敏感或私人信息。在公共场所，使用者越来越重视个人的信息隐私，防窥显示装置这一概念逐渐受使用者关注。常用的防窥装置是在显示装置外表面贴一层防窥膜，可实现左右发黑不可视，但这种防窥方式是不可切换的，而且由于防窥膜采用不透光结构，会导致光的利用效率降低。
技术问题
本申请提供一种防窥膜及显示装置，以实现在防窥模式和分享模式之间切换。
技术解决方案
本申请提供一种防窥膜，其包括：
至少两个偏光片；
液晶调光层，相邻的两个所述偏光片之间设有所述液晶调光层；
其中，至少两个所述偏光片的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为锐角。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为62.63度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述偏光片的数量为至少三个，所述液晶调光层的数量为至少两层，在所述第一模式下，至少两层所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层至少包括第一液晶调光层和第二液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影具有夹角。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相垂直。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层还包括：
第三液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第三液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层还包括：
第四液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第四液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层的厚度范围为2微米至7微米。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在第二模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片的法线之间的角度为φ，φ大于或等于87度且小于或等于90度，或者，φ大于或等于零度且小于或等于5度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述防窥膜还包括：
第一电极；
第二电极，所述第二电极与所述第一电极相对设置；
所述液晶调光层设置于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间；其中，
所述偏光片设在所述第一电极和所述第二电极远离所述液晶调光层的一侧。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述防窥膜还包括：
第一配向层，所述第一配向层设在所述第一电极靠近所述液晶调光层的一侧；
第二配向层，所述第二配向层设在所述第二电极靠近所述液晶调光层的一侧。
相应地，本申请还提供一种显示装置，其包括：
防窥膜，所述防窥膜包括：
至少两个偏光片；
液晶调光层，相邻的两个所述偏光片之间设有所述液晶调光层；
其中，至少两个所述偏光片的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为锐角；
显示面板，所述显示面板设在所述防窥膜的偏光片远离所述液晶调光层的一侧。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述显示装置还包括：
背光光源，所述背光光源包括准直光源；
导光板，所述导光板设在所述防窥膜远离所述显示面板的一侧，所述准直光源设在所述导光板的一侧面上。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为62.63度。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述偏光片的数量为至少三个，所述液晶调光层的数量为至少两层，在所述第一模式下，至少两层所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
可选的，在本申请一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层至少包括第一液晶调光层和第二液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影具有夹角。
有益效果
本申请提供一种防窥膜及显示装置，其中防窥膜包括：至少两个偏光片；液晶调光层，相邻的两个所述偏光片之间设有所述液晶调光层；其中，至少两个所述偏光片的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为锐角。本申请通过在第一模式下，将所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角设为锐角，从而使得在侧视方向所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的有效长轴与偏振光的方向具有夹角，因此使得在防窥膜的侧视方向的光线较暗而实现防窥，而在非第一模式下在防窥膜的所有方向的光线亮度相差不多而可以实现分享；而且液晶调光层为可透光的，有利于提高光的利用效率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请提供的防窥膜的第一结构示意图；
图2为本申请防窥膜在第一模式下在防窥膜的侧视方向的光线与液晶分子的结构示意图；
图3为本申请防窥膜在第一模式下在防窥膜的侧视方向的光线与液晶分子的模型图；
图4为本申请的显示装置的示意图；
图5是本申请提供的防窥膜的第二结构示意图；
图6是本申请提供的防窥膜的第三结构示意图；
图7是本申请提供的防窥膜的第四结构示意图；
图8是本申请提供的防窥膜的第五结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本申请提供一种防窥膜及显示装置，以下进行详细说明。需要说明的是，以下实施例的描述顺序不作为对本申请实施例优选顺序的限定。
请参阅图1，图1是本申请提供的防窥膜100的第一结构示意图。本申请实施例还提供一种防窥膜100，其包括：至少两个偏光片10和液晶调光层20；
其中，相邻的两个所述偏光片10之间设有所述液晶调光层20；至少两个所述偏光片10的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角为锐角。其中所述第一模式也是防窥模式。
本申请利用液晶分子21的双折射特性调控在防窥膜100侧视方向的光线亮度，从而实现在防窥膜100的侧视方向能够防窥的效果。具体地，本申请通过在第一模式下，将所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角设为锐角，从而使得在侧视方向所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的有效长轴与偏振光的方向具有夹角，因此使得在防窥膜100的侧视 方向的光线F1较暗而实现防窥，而在非第一模式下在防窥膜100的所有方向的光线亮度相差不多而可以实现分享；而且液晶调光层为可透光的，有利于提高光的利用效率。
如下原理：半波片具有特殊的光学特性，在半波片的上侧和下侧各添加一层光轴方向相平行的偏光片10，使得穿过位于下侧的偏光片10的线偏振光的入射方向与半波片的长轴的夹角呈45度或者-45度时，穿过半波片的线偏振光的偏振方向F2恰好旋转90度从而被位于上侧的偏光片10吸收，因此穿过位于下侧的偏光片10的线偏振光无法透过位于上侧的偏光片10。
而液晶分子21的双折射特性和介电特性可以在形成半波片的同时还具有切换特性。利用液晶调光层20在防窥膜100的侧视方向形成半波片需要满足以下两个条件：条件一，在防窥膜100的侧视方向液晶调光层20的相位延迟差等于半波片的相位延迟差；条件二，在防窥膜100的侧视方向液晶分子21有效长轴与线偏振光的振动方向的夹角为45度。具体的实现方式，请参考图2和图3，图2为本申请防窥膜在第一模式下在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1与液晶分子的结构示意图，图3为本申请防窥膜在第一模式下在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1与液晶分子的模型图。对于液晶分子21的双折射特性，其中ne为液晶分子21的长轴方向的折射率，no为液晶分子21的短轴方向的折射率。所述偏光片位于xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，液晶分子21处于yz平面中且液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为β，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角为θ，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1与液晶分子21的长轴的夹角为α，此时液晶分子21具有折射率no与有效长轴的有效折射率ne’，其中ne’＝ne×no÷(ne 2cos 2α+no 2sin 2α) 1/2，且有效长轴的指向向量位于与在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1相垂直的平面中，此时有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角为γ。如上所述，当夹角γ的值等于45度时，此时液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β满足β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1与液晶分子21的长轴的夹角α满足α＝arccos(cosθ×sin(arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))))。此时液晶调光层20的相位延迟差为2π(ne’-no)d’/λ，d’为线偏振光在液晶调光层20中的行进距离，ne’与no为液晶分子21的折射率 参数，λ为波长，在选定液晶分子21后则液晶分子21的折射率参数无法更改，其中d’与液晶调光层20的厚度d相关，d’＝d/cosθ，所以可通过改变d’来实现液晶调光层20的相位延迟差2π(ne’-no)d’/λ等于(2k+1)π时，其中k＝0、±1、±2…，此时液晶调光层20具有半波片的效果。也即是从液晶调光层20下侧的偏光片10穿过的光线形成线偏振光后再进入液晶调光层20，在防窥膜100的侧视方向，线偏振光穿过液晶调光层20后线偏振光的偏振方向F2恰好旋转90度从而被位于液晶调光层20上侧的偏光片10吸收，因此在防窥膜100侧视方向穿过位于液晶调光层20下侧的偏光片10的光线无法透过位于液晶调光层20上侧的偏光片10，从而使得在防窥膜100的侧视方向实现防窥。
综上可知，有效长轴的指向向量位于与在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1相垂直的平面中，也即是在防窥膜100的侧视方向的不同角度下有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角不同，因此可知在防窥膜100的侧视方向的不同角度看到光线的亮度不同，能实现不同程度的防窥。而当有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角为45度时，此时在防窥膜100的侧视方向穿过位于液晶调光层20下侧的偏光片10的光线无法透过位于液晶调光层20上侧的偏光片10，可以在防窥膜100的侧视方向实现完全防窥。
需要强调的是，侧视方向的角度为已知值，下面以在侧视方向30度的角度看到防窥膜100的光亮度来说明防窥膜100的防窥效果。当在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角θ为30度时，则液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β为62.63度，此时有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角γ为45度，调整液晶调光层20的厚度d使得2π(ne’-no)d’/λ等于(2k+1)π，k＝0、±1、±2…，此时在防窥膜100的侧视方向，具体地是在液晶调光层20的有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角为45度的方向，线偏振光的偏振方向F2恰好被旋转90度，使有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角为45度时，在防窥膜100的侧视方向穿过位于液晶调光层20下侧的偏光片10的光线无法透过位于液晶调光层20上侧的偏光片10，防窥效果最佳。此处并不限定β角必须为62.63度，即不限定夹角γ必须为45度；例如当β角＞62.63度时，会使夹角γ＞45度，当β角＜62.63 度时，会使夹角γ＜45度，如当夹角γ＝50度时，穿过液晶调光层20后，偏振光的偏振方向会偏转100度，此时偏振光的偏振方向与偏光片10的吸收轴的夹角为10度，会导致大部分光被位于液晶调光层20上侧的偏光片10吸收，有少部分光透过，但仍会大幅降低在侧视方向的亮度。
从上可知，为了实现最佳防窥效果夹角γ必须维持在45度，此时夹角θ的改变也会导致夹角β发生变化。当在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角θ为30度时，为了使得有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角γ为45度，而具有最佳防窥效果，则必须将β角增大至62.63度。
此外对于液晶层厚度d并不做限制，根据选用液晶种类不同(液晶参数即是液晶分子21的折射率参数)，与液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β不同，均会导致d有较大变化。此外，液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β的实现方式在此不做限制，可通过电场，配向材料，微结构等多种方式实现。
以下为实验测试数据的说明：
基于上述防窥膜100结构，通过调节防窥膜100的液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β为设定值，并利用发光源在防窥膜100的一侧提供光源，使得防窥膜100可实际获得以下防窥效果。以下表格是只有发光源情况下在多个视角看到的亮度对照表以及发光源和防窥膜100搭配使用的情况下在多个视角看到的亮度的对照表；
Figure PCTCN2022103428-appb-000001
从表格可以看出，发光源和防窥膜100搭配使用的情况下，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的角度看到的亮度比在防窥膜100的正视方向的角度看到的亮度小，从而可知本申请防窥膜100在侧视方向具有很好的防窥效果。
具体地，在本实施例中，所述防窥膜100包括：两个偏光片10和液晶调光层20；
其中，两个所述偏光片10之间设有所述液晶调光层20。
在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于 70度。进一步地，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
也即是，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角与所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角相同，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度，对应地，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的防窥角度为55度至20度之间。具体地，当在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为50度，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角θ为55度，此时有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角γ为45度，而具有最佳防窥效果；当在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为70度，在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角θ为20度，此时有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角γ为45度，而具有最佳防窥效果。特别地，当在所述第一模式下，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，所述防窥膜在侧视方向的亮度为小于13％。
现有普通的显示产品常用的侧视防窥角度在45度至60度之间，但是考虑到车载的显示产品的位置与驾驶座或副驾座的关系，车载的显示产品在侧视防窥角度更多需要在30度左右，因此需要液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为50度至70度，此时在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角在55度至20度之间，也即是在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的防窥角度为55度至20度之间，这样更加适合车载的显示产品的使用场景。因此在所述第一模式下，将所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角β设为大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度，更有利于防窥。
进一步地，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角为62.63度。此时在防窥膜100的侧视方向的光线F1位于xz平面且与z轴的夹角θ为30度时，可以使得有效长轴的指向向量与线偏振光的偏振方向F2的夹角γ为45度，而具有最佳防窥效果。在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于62.63度，则在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的防窥角度为30度至20度之间。在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于62.63度且小于或等于70度，则在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的防窥角度为55度至30度之间。
在一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层20的厚度范围为2微米至7微米。液晶调光层20的厚度过厚不但会导致液晶重力过大而且会提升制造过程的难度，上述两者情况都会容易产生显示不均匀的现象，因此液晶调光层20的厚度不宜过厚。进一步地，所述液晶调光层20的厚度范围为3微米至5微米，将液晶调光层20的厚度设置在2微米至7微米之间，甚至在3微米至5微米之间，这样既具有较好的防窥效果，同时也能降低制造过程的难度并避免显示不均匀现象的产生。
在一些实施例中，在第二模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10的法线之间的角度为φ，φ大于或等于87度且小于或等于90度，或者，φ大于或等于零度且小于或等于5度。所述第二模式也即是分享模式，作为最优效果地，在所述第二模式下，所述调光液晶层中的液晶分子21的长轴沿垂直于或平行于所述偏光片10法线的方向排布，也即是所述调光液晶层中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10法线之间的角度为90度或零度。所述液晶分子21为负性液晶分子21或正性液晶分子21，具体地，在所述第二模式下，当液晶分子21为正性液晶分子21时，φ的值大于或等于87度且小于或等于90度；当液晶分子21为负性液晶分子21时，φ的值大于或等于零度且小于或等于5度。
在一些实施例中，所述防窥膜100还包括：
第一电极31；
第二电极32，所述第二电极32与所述第一电极31相对设置；
所述液晶调光层20设置于所述第一电极31和所述第二电极32之间；其中，
所述偏光片10设在所述第一电极31和所述第二电极32远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧。其中所述第一电极31和所述第二电极32可以是整面电极，也可以为多个间隔设置的电极板。
在一些实施例中，所述防窥膜100还包括：
第一配向层51，所述第一配向层51设在所述第一电极31靠近所述液晶调光层20的一侧；
第二配向层52，所述第二配向层52设在所述第二电极32靠近所述液晶调光层20的一侧。
其中，通过第一配向层51和第二配向层52对所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21进行预配向，其中，所述第一配向层51和所述第二配向层52包括聚酰亚胺配向膜。
在一些实施例中，所述防窥膜100还包括：
第一基板41，所述第一基板41设在所述第一电极31远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧；
第二基板42，所述第二基板42设在所述第二电极32远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧。具体地，所述偏光片10设在所述第一基板41和所述第二基板42远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧。
通过设有第一基板41和第二基板42对第一电极31和第二电极32形成支撑，其中，所述第一基板41和所述第二基板42的材料可以为玻璃、涤纶树脂、透明聚酰亚胺和超薄玻璃等材料。
请参考图4，图4为本申请的显示装置200的示意图。本申请实施例还提供一种显示装置200，其包括：上述所述的防窥膜100以及显示面板60，所述显示面板60设在所述偏光片10远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧。
该显示装置200解决问题的原理与前述防窥膜100相似，因此该显示装置200的实施和有益效果可以参见前述防窥膜100的描述，重复之处在此不再赘述。
所述显示装置200还包括显示偏光片70，所述显示偏光片70设在所述显 示面板60远离所述液晶调光层20的一侧，所述显示偏光片70的光轴方向与所述偏光片10的光轴方向相垂直。
请参考以下表格，以下表格为所述显示装置200在多个视角的亮度对照表。
视角角度 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° -15° -30° -45° -60° -75°
显示装置200的亮度 0.03％ 0.09％ 0.24％ 1.06％ 22.83％ 100.00％ 22.72％ 0.93％ 0.22％ 0.07％ 0.02％
从所述显示装置200在多个视角的亮度对照可以得知，使用本申请防窥膜100的显示装置200在侧视方向具有非常好的防窥效果。
所述显示装置200还包括背光光源80，所述背光光源80设在所述防窥膜100远离所述显示面板60的一侧。其中，所述背光光源80为准直光源82或发散光源81，准直光源82可发射准直光，可通过逆棱镜背光、准直膜、准直透镜等方式实现，准直光源82具有更好的显示效果，有利于减少光源在传播过程中的损失。
所述背光光源80包括准直光源82和发散光源81，所述显示装置200还包括：第一导光板91和第二导光板92，所述第一导光板91和所述第二导光板92依次层叠设在所述防窥膜100远离所述显示面板60的一侧，所述发散光源81设在所述第一导光板91的侧面，所述准直光源82设在所述第二导光板92的侧面。
背光光源80可选择出射发散光或准直光，其中第一导光板91可出射发散光，第二导光板92可出射准直光，在防窥模式下第一导光板91工作，也即是防窥膜100的入射光为发散光，在分享模式下第二导光板92工作，也即是防窥膜100的入射光为准直光。需要强点的是，并不限制在防窥模式下或分享模式时仅有一个导光板工作，也可根据实际需要使得第一导光板91和第二导光板92同时工作。
其中，在一些实施例中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。进一步地，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70 度。特别地，当在所述第一模式下，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，所述显示装置200在侧视方向的亮度为小于1.2％。
请参阅图5，图5是本申请提供的防窥膜100的第二结构示意图，本实施例与图1是本申请提供的防窥膜100不同的是：所述液晶调光层20包括聚合物网络22以及分布于所述聚合物网络22中的液晶分子21。在液晶分子21预配向时，可以用电场使得液晶分子21倾斜到设定角度，然后通过紫外光等方式使调光液晶层中的聚合物固化，形成聚合物网络22，在撤去电场后，聚合物网络22会维持液晶分子21倾斜在设定角度。在上述情况下，可以根据实际需要选取一个最优设定角度，然后利用聚合物网络22使维持液晶分子21倾斜在设定角度，具体地设定角度可以为：所述调光液晶层中的液晶分子21的长轴与所述偏光片10所在平面的之间的夹角为50度至70度，此时防窥膜100处于在第一模式下。
请参阅图6，图6是本申请提供的防窥膜100的第三结构示意图。由于相邻的两个所述偏光片10之间设有所述液晶调光层20，当偏光片10的数量至少为三个时，则液晶调光层20的数量为至少两层，在实际使用时，由于单层液晶调光层20并不能达到理论上的防窥效果，因此通过设有多层液晶调光层20，利用多层液晶调光层20可以起到加强防窥作用，从而使得防窥膜100接近理论上的防窥效果。其中，本实施例与图1是本申请提供的防窥膜100不同的是：所述偏光片10的数量为至少三个，对应地，所述液晶调光层20的数量为至少两层，在所述第一模式下，至少两层所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影相平行。
具体地，所述偏光片10的数量为三个，对应地，所述液晶调光层20的数量为两层，在所述第一模式下，两层所述液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影相平行。
请参阅图7，图7是本申请提供的防窥膜100的第四结构示意图。本实施例与图1是本申请提供的防窥膜100不同的是：所述液晶调光层20至少包括第一液晶调光层201和第二液晶调光层202，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第二液晶 调光层202中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影具有夹角。
当在所述第一模式下，防窥膜100的液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21处于yz平面中且液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为β，则防窥膜100在位于y轴的两侧的侧视方向具有防窥效果。因此在所述第一模式下，当防窥膜100液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21的倾斜方向只有一种时，则只能实现在两个方向实现防窥。为了实现更大防窥的角度，则需要在所述第一模式下将防窥膜100液晶调光层20中的液晶分子21设置朝多个方向倾斜设置。
因此，本实施例中，所述第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影具有夹角，则可以获得更大的防窥角度，例如，当在所述第一模式下，防窥膜100的第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21处于yz平面中且液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为β，则防窥膜100的第一液晶调光层201在位于y轴的两侧的侧视方向具有防窥效果；而防窥膜100的第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21不处于yz平面中，此时所述第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影具有夹角，则防窥膜100的第二液晶调光层202的防窥角度与防窥膜100的第一液晶调光层201的防窥角度不同，从而防窥膜100的防窥角度是第二液晶调光层202的防窥角度与第一液晶调光层201的防窥角度的合集，可以获得更大的防窥角度。
进一步地，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影相垂直。此时，当在所述第一模式下，防窥膜100的第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21处于yz平面中且液晶分子21的长轴与y轴的夹角为β，则防窥膜100的第一液晶调光层201在位于y轴的两侧的侧视方向具有防窥效果；防窥膜100的第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21处于xz平面中且与x轴的夹角为β，则防窥膜100的第二液晶调光层202在位于x轴的两侧的侧视方向具有防窥效果。而防窥膜100的防窥角度是第二液晶调光层202的防窥角度与第一液晶调光层201的防窥角度的合集，因此防窥膜100可以实现在前视方向、后视方向、左视方向和右视方向一共四个方向的防 窥。
请参阅图8，图8是本申请提供的防窥膜100的第五结构示意图。本实施例与图7是本申请提供的防窥膜100不同的是：所述液晶调光层20还包括：
第三液晶调光层203，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层201中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第三液晶调光层203中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影相平行。在实际使用时，由于单层液晶调光层20并不能达到理论上的防窥效果，因此通过设有多层液晶调光层20，利用多层液晶调光层20可以起到加强防窥作用，从而使得防窥膜100接近理论上的防窥效果，因此设有第一液晶调光层201和第三液晶调光层203，且在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层201和第三液晶调光层203中的液晶分子21的长轴倾斜方向相同，则可以加强防窥膜100在某一方向的防窥效果。
进一步地，在一些实施例中，所述液晶调光层20还包括：
第四液晶调光层204，在所述第一模式下，所述第二液晶调光层202中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影与所述第四液晶调光层204中的液晶分子21的长轴在所述偏光片10的正投影相平行。设有第二液晶调光层202和第四液晶调光层204，且在所述第一模式下，所述第二液晶调光层202和所述第四液晶调光层204中的液晶分子21的长轴倾斜方向相同，则可以加强防窥膜100在某一方向的防窥效果。
另外，所述第一液晶调光层201和所述第二液晶调光层202可以相邻设置，也可以不相邻设置。在本实施例中，所述第一液晶调光层201和所述第二液晶调光层202为相邻的两个所述液晶调光层20。
以上对本申请实施例所提供的一种防窥膜及显示装置进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的技术人员，依据本申请的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种防窥膜，其中，包括：
    至少两个偏光片；
    液晶调光层，相邻的两个所述偏光片之间设有所述液晶调光层；
    其中，至少两个所述偏光片的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为锐角。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的防窥膜，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为62.63度。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述偏光片的数量为至少三个，所述液晶调光层的数量为至少两层，在所述第一模式下，至少两层所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述液晶调光层至少包括第一液晶调光层和第二液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影具有夹角。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的防窥膜，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相垂直。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的防窥膜，其中，所述液晶调光层还包括：
    第三液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第三液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所 述偏光片的正投影相平行。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的防窥膜，其中，所述液晶调光层还包括：
    第四液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第四液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述液晶调光层的厚度范围为2微米至7微米。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，在第二模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片的法线之间的角度为φ，φ大于或等于87度且小于或等于90度，或者，φ大于或等于零度且小于或等于5度。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述防窥膜还包括：
    第一电极；
    第二电极，所述第二电极与所述第一电极相对设置；
    所述液晶调光层设置于所述第一电极和所述第二电极之间；其中，
    所述偏光片设在所述第一电极和所述第二电极远离所述液晶调光层的一侧。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的防窥膜，其中，所述防窥膜还包括：
    第一配向层，所述第一配向层设在所述第一电极靠近所述液晶调光层的一侧；
    第二配向层，所述第二配向层设在所述第二电极靠近所述液晶调光层的一侧。
  14. 一种显示装置，其中，包括：
    防窥膜，所述防窥膜包括：
    至少两个偏光片；
    液晶调光层，相邻的两个所述偏光片之间设有所述液晶调光层；
    其中，至少两个所述偏光片的光轴方向相平行，在第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为锐角；
    显示面板，所述显示面板设在所述防窥膜的偏光片远离所述液晶调光层的一侧。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示装置还包括：
    背光光源，所述背光光源包括准直光源；
    导光板，所述导光板设在所述防窥膜远离所述显示面板的一侧，所述准直光源设在所述导光板的一侧面上。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述偏光片所在平面为x轴和y轴组成的xy平面，所述偏光片的法线方向为垂直于所述xy平面的z轴方向，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴处于yz平面中并与所述y轴的夹角为β，在所述防窥膜的侧视方向的光线位于xz平面中且与所述z轴的夹角为θ，其中，β＝arctan((1+tanθ)/(2 1/2tanθ))，β的值大于或等于50度且小于或等于70度。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的显示装置，其中，在所述第一模式下，所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴与所述偏光片所在平面之间的夹角为62.63度。
  19. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述偏光片的数量为至少三个，所述液晶调光层的数量为至少两层，在所述第一模式下，至少两层所述液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影相平行。
  20. 根据权利要求14所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶调光层至少包括第一液晶调光层和第二液晶调光层，在所述第一模式下，所述第一液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影与所述第二液晶调光层中的液晶分子的长轴在所述偏光片的正投影具有夹角。
PCT/CN2022/103428 2022-06-17 2022-07-01 防窥膜及显示装置 WO2023240712A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/794,398 US20240192532A1 (en) 2022-06-17 2022-07-01 Anti-peeping film and display device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210693038.6A CN115032824A (zh) 2022-06-17 2022-06-17 防窥膜及显示装置
CN202210693038.6 2022-06-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023240712A1 true WO2023240712A1 (zh) 2023-12-21

Family

ID=83124363

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2022/103428 WO2023240712A1 (zh) 2022-06-17 2022-07-01 防窥膜及显示装置

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20240192532A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN115032824A (zh)
WO (1) WO2023240712A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115494668A (zh) * 2022-10-12 2022-12-20 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 防窥膜及显示装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180099138A (ko) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-05 경북대학교 산학협력단 시야각 제어 가능한 디스플레이 장치
CN113552741A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-10-26 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 防窥膜、显示面板及显示装置
CN113625373A (zh) * 2020-05-06 2021-11-09 中强光电股份有限公司 显示装置、视角限制器及其制造方法
CN114167632A (zh) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-11 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 显示装置
CN114253011A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-03-29 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 调光装置及显示装置
CN216622901U (zh) * 2021-12-09 2022-05-27 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
CN217879881U (zh) * 2022-06-17 2022-11-22 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 防窥膜及显示装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180099138A (ko) * 2017-02-28 2018-09-05 경북대학교 산학협력단 시야각 제어 가능한 디스플레이 장치
CN113625373A (zh) * 2020-05-06 2021-11-09 中强光电股份有限公司 显示装置、视角限制器及其制造方法
CN113552741A (zh) * 2021-08-13 2021-10-26 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 防窥膜、显示面板及显示装置
CN216622901U (zh) * 2021-12-09 2022-05-27 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 显示面板及显示装置
CN114167632A (zh) * 2021-12-10 2022-03-11 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 显示装置
CN114253011A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-03-29 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 调光装置及显示装置
CN217879881U (zh) * 2022-06-17 2022-11-22 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 防窥膜及显示装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115032824A (zh) 2022-09-09
US20240192532A1 (en) 2024-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11982896B2 (en) Liquid crystal display device and polarizing plate
CN104755999B (zh) 液晶显示装置
JP4005808B2 (ja) ジグザグ状波長板を有するｌｃｄプライバシ・スクリーン
TW571159B (en) Polarized display with wide-angle illumination
TWI724808B (zh) 顯示裝置
EP3924776B1 (en) Display device with diffuser for privacy display
WO2008029555A1 (fr) Système de commande de polarisation et dispositif d'affichage
US7830481B2 (en) Liquid crystal display device with retardations of optical films and liquid crystal layer
US20240036428A1 (en) Display device
EP4242514A1 (en) Backlight module and display apparatus
WO2023240712A1 (zh) 防窥膜及显示装置
TW200410016A (en) Liquid crystal display device
US20100283940A1 (en) Liquid crystal display
CN217879881U (zh) 防窥膜及显示装置
WO2019208263A1 (ja) 液晶表示装置
JP2001042365A (ja) 液晶表示装置
CN114859586B (zh) 防窥膜及显示装置
US20230185146A1 (en) Privacy film and display device
TWI777794B (zh) 可切換濾光片及其用途
CN115728983A (zh) 一种显示模组和显示装置
CN114706244B (zh) 显示装置
WO2022151466A1 (zh) 显示面板和显示装置
JP2002116435A (ja) 表示装置
JP4076780B2 (ja) 液晶表示装置
JP2023114414A (ja) 液晶パネル及び表示装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 17794398

Country of ref document: US

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 22946389

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1