WO2023136060A1 - ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム - Google Patents
ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023136060A1 WO2023136060A1 PCT/JP2022/046960 JP2022046960W WO2023136060A1 WO 2023136060 A1 WO2023136060 A1 WO 2023136060A1 JP 2022046960 W JP2022046960 W JP 2022046960W WO 2023136060 A1 WO2023136060 A1 WO 2023136060A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- layer
- catalytic
- gasoline engine
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 268
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 240
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 73
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 136
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007847 structural defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007848 Bronsted acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/74—Noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9463—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick
- B01D53/9468—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on one brick in different layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/464—Rhodium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0246—Coatings comprising a zeolite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine.
- the present invention also relates to an exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine using the exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- Exhaust gases emitted from gasoline engines such as automobiles contain harmful components such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).
- HC hydrocarbons
- CO carbon monoxide
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- NH3 is a component that can be generated by excessive reduction of NOx by an exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- SCR selective catalytic reduction
- zeolites with NH 3 adsorption capacity is known in the diesel engine field and the lean-burn engine field (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Cu-CHA copper-supported chabazite-type zeolite
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine having high NH 3 purification performance after endurance.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst for a gasoline engine disclosed herein is configured to be arranged in an exhaust path of a gasoline engine, and the exhaust gas purifying catalyst contains a base material and a proton-type zeolite. and a catalyst layer containing a catalytic noble metal.
- the NH3 adsorption layer is laminated with the catalyst layer so as to be positioned closer to the substrate than the catalyst layer, and the basic skeleton of the proton-type zeolite is substantially a four- or six-membered ring. , and eight-membered rings.
- the inventors of the present invention have found the following when completing the exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine disclosed herein.
- the operating environmental temperature range of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst is typically as high as about 350.degree. C. to about 600.degree.
- TPD thermal evolved gas analysis
- the desorption peak of NH 3 species due to physical adsorption was observed at about 200 °C
- Lewis A desorption peak of NH 3 species adsorbed on acid sites was observed at about 550° C.
- a desorption peak of NH 3 species adsorbed on Bronsted acid sites was observed.
- the adsorption sites of the Lewis acid sites are ion-exchanged sites in the zeolite, the adsorption strength of NH 3 at the adsorption sites of the Lewis acid sites becomes weak in the zeolite supporting a metal such as Cu. Therefore, in a temperature range above about 350° C., zeolites supporting metals such as Cu cannot sufficiently retain adsorbed NH 3 .
- the atmosphere fluctuates between a rich atmosphere and a lean atmosphere. Therefore, metals such as Cu supported on the zeolite are eluted due to atmospheric fluctuations at high temperatures, which can cause structural deterioration of the zeolite, a decrease in the activity of the noble metal catalyst, and the like.
- the basic skeleton is substantially composed only of 4-membered rings, 6-membered rings, and 8-membered rings.
- a proton-type zeolite is used as an adsorbent for the NH3 adsorption layer.
- NH 3 can be efficiently removed by arranging the NH 3 adsorption layer closer to the substrate than the catalyst layer. As a result, according to the exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine disclosed herein, the NH 3 purification performance after endurance is enhanced.
- the proton-type zeolite is CHA-type zeolite or AFX-type zeolite.
- CHA-type zeolite or AFX-type zeolite is particularly suitable and advantageous for exhaust gas purification catalysts.
- the catalyst layer contains Rh and at least one of Pd and Pt as the catalytic noble metal. According to such a configuration, the catalytic performance of the exhaust gas purifying catalyst is particularly high.
- the catalyst layer has a multi-layer structure including at least a first layer on the surface layer side and a second layer on the substrate layer side. have.
- the first layer contains Rh as the catalytic noble metal
- the second layer contains Pd as the catalytic noble metal.
- the exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine disclosed herein is configured to be arranged in an exhaust path of a gasoline engine, the exhaust gas purification system comprising an upstream catalyst including a first catalyst A converter and a downstream catalytic converter including a second catalytic body.
- the first catalyst contains a catalytic noble metal
- the second catalyst is the exhaust gas purification catalyst described above. According to such a configuration, it is possible to provide an exhaust gas purification system having particularly high NH 3 purification performance after endurance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an exhaust gas purification system according to a first embodiment
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view schematically showing a second catalyst used in the exhaust gas purification system according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an example of the second catalyst shown in FIG. 2 cut in the cylinder axis direction
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of another example of the second catalyst body of FIG. 2 cut along the cylinder axis direction
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view schematically showing a laminated structure of a first catalyst used in the exhaust gas purification system according to the first embodiment
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the exhaust gas purification system which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exhaust gas purifying system 100 according to a first embodiment using an example of an exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine disclosed herein.
- the exhaust gas purification system 100 is configured to be arranged in the exhaust path of the gasoline engine 1 , and the exhaust gas purification system 100 is connected to the gasoline engine 1 .
- An arrow F shown in FIG. 1 indicates the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas purification system 100 includes an upstream catalytic converter 10 and a downstream catalytic converter 50 .
- the terms "upstream” and “downstream” of the catalytic converter indicate the positional relationship in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. Therefore, the downstream catalytic converter 50 is arranged downstream of the upstream catalytic converter 10 in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas in the exhaust path of the gasoline engine 1 .
- the upstream catalytic converter 10 includes a first catalyst and a first housing that accommodates it.
- the downstream catalytic converter 50 includes a second catalytic body and a second housing that accommodates it.
- the first catalyst exists upstream of the second catalyst in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas.
- the first catalyst is typically a start-up catalyst (S/C), but is not limited to this.
- the second catalyst exists downstream of the first catalyst in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas.
- the second catalyst is typically an underfloor catalyst (UF/C), but is not limited to this.
- the configuration of the first housing and the second housing may be the same or similar to housings used for conventional start-up catalysts and underfloor catalysts.
- the first catalyst and the second catalyst will be described in detail below.
- the first catalytic body may have the same or similar configuration as conventionally known catalytic bodies.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst for a gasoline engine disclosed herein is used for the second catalyst. Therefore, first, the second catalyst will be described.
- FIGS. 2 to 4. Examples of the configuration of the second catalyst are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
- FIG. the second catalyst body 60 has a structure in which an NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and a second catalyst layer 90 are laminated on a second substrate 70 . Therefore, the second catalyst body 60 comprises a second substrate 70 , an NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and a second catalyst layer 90 .
- the second base material 70 constitutes the framework of the second catalyst body 60 .
- the second base material 70 is not particularly limited, and various materials and forms conventionally used for this type of application can be used.
- the second base material 70 may be, for example, a ceramic support made of ceramics such as cordierite, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, stainless steel (SUS), Fe—Cr—Al alloy, Ni— A metal carrier composed of a Cr—Al alloy or the like may also be used.
- the second substrate 70 here has a honeycomb structure.
- the second substrate 70 in the illustrated example is a straight-flow substrate, but may be a wall-follow substrate.
- the direction X indicates the cylinder axis direction of the second base material 70
- X1 indicates the upstream side in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas
- X2 indicates the downstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the second base material 70 includes a plurality of cells (cavities) 72 regularly arranged in the cylinder axis direction X, and partition walls (ribs) 74 partitioning the plurality of cells 72 .
- the volume of the second substrate 70 (apparent volume including the volume of the cells 72) may be approximately 0.1 to 10 L, for example 0.5 to 5 L.
- the average length (total length) L of the second base material 70 along the cylinder axis direction X may be approximately 10 to 500 mm, for example, 50 to 300 mm.
- the cell 72 serves as a flow path for the exhaust gas.
- the cells 72 extend in the cylinder axis direction X. As shown in FIG.
- the cells 72 are through holes that penetrate the second base material 70 in the cylinder axis direction X.
- the shape, size, number, etc. of the cells 72 may be designed in consideration of the flow rate, components, etc. of the exhaust gas flowing through the second catalyst 60, for example.
- the cross-sectional shape of the cell 72 perpendicular to the cylinder axis direction X is not particularly limited.
- the cross-sectional shape of the cells 72 can be, for example, squares, parallelograms, rectangles, trapezoids, and other quadrilaterals, other polygons (e.g., triangles, hexagons, octagons), corrugations, circles, and various other geometric shapes.
- the partition walls 74 face the cells 72 and separate adjacent cells 72 .
- the average thickness of the partition wall 74 (the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the surface; the same shall apply hereinafter) is generally from 0.1 to 0.1 from the viewpoint of improving mechanical strength and reducing pressure loss. It may be 10 mils (1 mil is about 25.4 ⁇ m), eg 0.2-5 mils.
- the partition wall 74 may be porous so that the exhaust gas can pass through.
- An NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and a second catalyst layer 90 are laminated on this second substrate 70 . At this time, as shown in FIG . Since the second catalyst layer 90 is located above the NH 3 adsorption layer 80, NH 3 can be efficiently removed.
- the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 contains proton-type zeolite as an NH 3 adsorbent. Therefore, the zeolite contained in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is proton-type zeolite having NH 3 adsorption capacity. As a result, the adsorption strength of NH 3 by the adsorption site of the Lewis acid site can be increased, and the NH 3 adsorption capacity suitable for the operating environmental temperature range (e.g., 350 ° C to 600 ° C) of the catalytic body for exhaust gas purification in gasoline engines. can be demonstrated.
- the operating environmental temperature range e.g., 350 ° C to 600 ° C
- the proton-type zeolite As the proton-type zeolite, a zeolite in which the basic skeleton is substantially composed only of 4-membered rings, 6-membered rings, and 8-membered rings is used. Therefore, the proton-type zeolites used are small pore zeolites. Zeolites have molecular-order pore diameters, and their adsorption performance depends on their pore diameters.
- NH3 has a molecular size of 2.6 ⁇ (Angstrom: 0.26 nm). Therefore, the basic skeleton of proton-type zeolite is composed substantially only of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings, so that NH3 can be trapped efficiently. In particular, when the number of ring members exceeds 8, the pore size becomes too large, hydrocarbons are also adsorbed, and the adsorption efficiency of NH3 may be reduced.
- the charge-compensating cation species of zeolite are protons, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the NH3 adsorption capacity due to the elution of metals derived from the charge-compensating cations.
- the term "proton-type zeolite” refers to at least a portion of ion-exchangeable cation sites (preferably more than 50%, more preferably 70% or more, still more preferably 90% or more, most preferably all (100%)) refers to zeolites in which protons (H + ) are occupied.
- protic zeolites are zeolites obtained without going through an ion exchange process.
- the proton-type zeolite may be obtained by converting zeolite having ammonium ions (NH 4 + ) as charge-compensating cation species into proton-type zeolite by firing during the manufacture of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 .
- NH 4 + ammonium ions
- zeolite may have structural defects.
- the basic skeleton of the zeolite is substantially composed only of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings
- the basic skeleton of the zeolite is a 4-membered ring.
- 6-membered rings, and 8-membered rings only, and the basic skeleton of the zeolite, in addition to 4-membered rings, 6-membered rings, and 8-membered rings, within a range that does not significantly hinder the effects of the present invention.
- rings other than these are included due to structural defects due to technical limitations at the time of production.
- chabazite-type zeolite As an example of a zeolite whose basic skeleton consists essentially of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings, chabazite-type zeolite (CHA-type zeolite) is used in this embodiment.
- CHA-type zeolite refers to zeolite having a crystal structure that is the CHA structure in the IUPAC structure code defined by the International Zeolite Association.
- CHA-type zeolite has three-dimensional pores consisting of eight-membered oxygen rings with a diameter of 0.38 nm ⁇ 0.38 nm.
- chabazite-type zeolites examples include SSZ-13, SSZ-62, LZ-218, Linde D, Linde R, ZK-14, etc. Among them, SSZ-13 is preferred.
- ACO AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFX, ANA, APC, APD , ATT, CDO, CHA, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EPI, ERI, GIS, GOO, IHW, ITE, ITW, LEV, LTA, KFI, MER, MON, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH , SAT, SAV, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG and ZON type zeolites.
- CHA-type zeolite is suitable as the proton-type zeolite.
- AFX-type zeolite is also suitable as the proton-type zeolite.
- Proton-type zeolites can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the crystal structure of zeolite can be confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction measurement. Specifically, it can be confirmed by measuring the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the zeolite contained in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and comparing it with the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of zeolite whose basic skeleton is known.
- the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio in the proton-type zeolite is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5-500, preferably 10-100.
- the amount of the proton-type zeolite in the NH3 adsorption layer 80 is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the zeolite in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is preferably 10% by mass or more from the viewpoint of higher NH 3 purification performance after endurance.
- increasing the amount of zeolite in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is advantageous for higher NH 3 purification performance after endurance. Therefore, the amount of the zeolite in the NH3 adsorption layer 80 can be 50 wt% or more, or 80 wt% or more.
- the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 may optionally contain components other than those described above.
- An example of the optional component is an oxygen absorbing/releasing material (so-called OSC material) having an oxygen absorbing/releasing capacity.
- OSC material a known compound known to have an oxygen storage capacity may be used, and specific examples thereof include metal oxides containing ceria (CeO 2 ) (Ce-containing oxides).
- the Ce-containing oxide may be ceria, or a composite oxide of ceria and a metal oxide other than ceria.
- the Ce-containing oxide is a composite oxide containing at least one of Zr and Al, such as ceria (CeO 2 )-zirconia (ZrO 2 ) composite oxide (CZ compound oxide).
- the CZ composite oxide may further contain rare earth metal oxides such as Nd 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 and Pr 6 O 10 from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance.
- the content of cerium oxide is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of sufficiently exhibiting its oxygen storage capacity. be.
- the content of cerium oxide is preferably 60% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the amount of the OSC material in the NH3 adsorption layer 80 is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the OSC material in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is, for example, 10 mass % or more, preferably 20 mass % or more.
- the amount of the OSC material is, for example, 60% by mass or less, preferably 40% by mass or less.
- Another example of an optional component of the NH3 adsorption layer 80 includes catalytic noble metals. Since the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 contains catalytic noble metal, the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 can also purify the exhaust gas.
- catalytic noble metals examples include platinum group elements rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir); gold (Au); Ag). These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among them, from the viewpoint of catalytic performance, at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir and Ru is preferred, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh and Pd is more preferred. When two or more of these are used, the catalytic precious metal may be an alloy of the two or more metals.
- the catalyst noble metal may be supported on the above OSC material, or on a non-OSC material (eg, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), etc.). It may be carried.
- a non-OSC material eg, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titania (TiO 2 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), etc.
- optional components of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 include binders such as alumina sol and silica sol, and various additives.
- the coating amount (that is, molding amount) of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is not particularly limited.
- the coating amount is, for example, 3 to 200 g/L, and may be 10 to 100 g/L, per 1 L volume of the portion of the substrate where the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is formed along the cylinder axis direction X. .
- the thickness of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately designed in consideration of durability, peeling resistance, and the like.
- the thickness of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is, for example, 1-100 ⁇ m, and may be 5-100 ⁇ m.
- the coat width (average dimension in the cylinder axis direction X) of the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is not particularly limited, and is appropriately designed in consideration of the size of the second substrate 70, the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the second catalyst body 60, and the like. do it.
- the coating width is, for example, 10% to 100%, preferably 20% to 100%, more preferably 30% to 100% of the total length of the substrate in the cylinder axis direction X.
- the second catalyst layer 90 contains catalytic noble metal.
- the catalytic noble metal is usually carried on a carrier, so the second catalyst layer 90 usually contains a three-way catalyst.
- the second catalyst layer 90 can be constructed in the same manner as known catalyst layers containing three-way catalysts.
- Catalytic precious metals are catalytic metal components that purify harmful components in exhaust gases.
- Examples of catalytic noble metals include those exemplified as catalytic noble metals used in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 .
- the catalyst noble metal may be used singly, but it is preferable to use two or more in combination. From the viewpoint of catalytic performance, the noble metal catalyst is preferably at least two selected from the group consisting of Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir and Ru. is more preferable than the combination of
- the catalyst noble metal is preferably used as fine particles with a sufficiently small particle size.
- the average particle size of the catalyst noble metal particles (specifically, the average value of the particle sizes of 20 or more noble metal particles obtained based on a cross-sectional image of the catalyst layer obtained by a transmission electron microscope) is usually about 1 to 15 nm, It is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 7 nm or less, still more preferably 5 nm or less. As a result, it is possible to increase the contact area of the catalytic precious metal with the exhaust gas, thereby further improving the purification performance.
- the amount of the catalytic noble metal in the second catalyst body 60 (the total amount of the catalytic noble metal in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and the second catalytic layer 90) is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the type of the catalytic noble metal. can be done. From the viewpoint of particularly high exhaust gas purification performance, the amount of the catalytic precious metal per 1 L volume of the second base material 70 is, for example, 0.01 g/L or more, 0.03 g/L or more, 0.05 g/L or more. L or greater, 0.08 g/L or greater, or 0.10 g/L or greater.
- the amount is, for example, 5.00 g/L or less, 3.00 g/L or less, 2.00 g/L or less, 1.50 g/L or less, 1.00 g /L or less, 0.80 g/L or less, or 0.50 g/L or less.
- per 1 L volume of the base material means per 1 L of the total bulk volume including the pure volume of the base material and the volume of the cell passages.
- amount described as (g/L) indicates the amount contained in the volume of 1 L of the substrate.
- the second catalyst layer 90 preferably contains an OSC material.
- OSC material contained in the second catalyst layer 90 include those exemplified as OSC materials that can be used in the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 .
- the OSC material may or may not carry a catalytic noble metal.
- a mode is also possible in which a portion of the OSC material supports a catalytic noble metal and the other OSC materials do not carry a catalytic noble metal.
- the second catalyst layer 90 may further include a non-OSC material (that is, a material that does not have oxygen storage/release capacity), and the non-OSC material may carry catalytic precious metals.
- a non-OSC material that is, a material that does not have oxygen storage/release capacity
- the non-OSC material may carry catalytic precious metals.
- non-OSC materials include alumina ( Al2O3 ), titania ( TiO2 ), zirconia ( ZrO2 ), silica ( SiO2 ) , and the like.
- the carrier preferably has a large specific surface area, so porous carrier particles are preferably used.
- the carrier particles preferably have a specific surface area of 50 to 500 m 2 /g (especially 200 to 400 m 2 /g) as determined by the BET method from the viewpoint of heat resistance and structural stability.
- the average particle size of the carrier particles is 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less (particularly, 10 nm or more and 200 nm or less).
- the amount of the OSC material in the second catalyst layer 90 is, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more. Also, the amount of the OSC material in the second catalyst layer 90 is, for example, less than 90% by mass, preferably less than 60% by mass, and more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the amount of the non-OSC material in the second catalyst layer 90 is, for example, 10% by mass or more, preferably 30% by mass or more, and more preferably 40% by mass or more. Also, the amount of the non-OSC material in the second catalyst layer 90 is, for example, less than 90% by mass, preferably less than 70% by mass, and more preferably less than 60% by mass.
- the second catalyst layer 90 may further contain components other than those described above.
- the second catalyst layer 90 may contain metal species such as alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, transition metal elements, and rare earth elements. These elements (especially alkaline earth elements) are contained in the form of oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, acetates, formates, oxalates, halides, and the like. may be In the second catalyst layer 90, it is preferable to coexist with an alkaline earth metal element (especially Ba) and Pt and/or Pd.
- alkaline earth metal element especially Ba
- binders such as alumina sol and silica sol
- NOx adsorbents having NOx absorption capacity
- various additives for stabilization include binders such as alumina sol and silica sol; NOx adsorbents having NOx absorption capacity; and various additives for stabilization.
- the second catalyst layer 90 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the second catalyst layer 90 is a single layer. When the second catalyst layer 90 has a single layer structure, the second catalyst layer 90 may be composed of a plurality of regions having different compositions, properties, and the like. For example, the second catalyst layer 90 has a front portion located on the upstream side X1 in the cylinder axis direction X and a rear portion located on the downstream side X2 of the front portion. , may differ in composition and/or properties. Specifically, for example, the front portion and the rear portion may contain different catalytic precious metals.
- the second catalyst layer 90 may have a two-layer structure having a layer on the substrate side (lower layer) and a layer on the surface side (upper layer), or a layer on the substrate side (lower layer) and a layer on the surface side (upper layer).
- An upper layer) and one or more intermediate layers positioned therebetween may be three or more layers.
- each layer may contain a different catalytic precious metal.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which the second catalyst layer 90 has a multilayer structure.
- the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is provided on the second substrate 70 and the second catalyst layer 90 is provided on the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 .
- the second catalyst layer 90 has a lower layer portion 92 which is a layer on the substrate side, and an upper layer portion 94 provided on the lower layer portion 92 .
- the upper layer portion 94 is also a layer on the exposed surface side (surface layer portion side) of the second catalyst layer 90 .
- a lower layer portion 92 and an upper layer portion 94 of the second catalyst layer 90 each contain a catalytic precious metal.
- the lower layer portion 92 contains an oxidation catalyst such as Pd, Pt, etc. as a catalytic noble metal.
- the upper layer portion 94 contains a reducing catalyst such as Rh as a catalytic precious metal.
- the deterioration of the catalyst noble metal for example, sintering due to grain growth
- the durability of the second catalyst body 60 is further improved. can do.
- the NH 3 purification performance of the second catalytic body 60 after endurance is particularly high, which is preferable.
- the coating amount (that is, molding amount) of the second catalyst layer 90 is not particularly limited.
- the coating amount is, for example, 10 to 500 g/L, and may be 100 to 200 g/L, per 1 L volume of the portion of the substrate on which the catalyst layer 20 is formed along the cylinder axis direction X.
- the thickness of the second catalyst layer 90 is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately designed in consideration of durability, peeling resistance, and the like.
- the thickness of the second catalyst layer 90 is, for example, 1-100 ⁇ m, and may be 5-100 ⁇ m.
- the coat width of the second catalyst layer 90 (average dimension in the cylinder axis direction X) is not particularly limited, and is appropriately designed in consideration of the size of the second substrate 70, the flow rate of the exhaust gas flowing through the second catalyst 60, and the like. do it.
- the coating width is, for example, 10% to 100%, preferably 20% to 100%, more preferably 30% to 100% of the total length of the substrate in the cylinder axis direction X.
- the second catalyst 60 may have layers other than the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 and the second catalyst layer 90 .
- the second catalyst body 60 can be produced according to a known method. For example, a slurry for forming an NH 3 adsorption layer containing the proton-type zeolite, solvent, and arbitrary components (eg, OSC material, catalyst noble metal source, binder, etc.) is prepared. Also prepared is a slurry containing a catalytic noble metal source, an OSC material, optionally a non-OSC material, a solvent, and other optional ingredients. Among these slurries, the lower layer side is applied to the second substrate 70 according to a known method, dried if necessary, and fired to form the lower layer. Subsequently, the slurry for the upper layer is applied on the lower layer formed on the second base material 70 according to a known method, dried as necessary, and baked to form the upper layer. Thereby, the second catalyst body 60 can be obtained.
- the first catalyst 20 may have the same or similar configuration as the start-up catalyst of a known gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system comprising a start-up catalyst (S/C) and an underfloor catalyst (UF/C).
- S/C start-up catalyst
- U/C underfloor catalyst
- the first catalyst body 20 contains a first substrate 30 and a first catalyst layer 40 .
- the first catalyst 20 is typically arranged in the exhaust path of the gasoline engine 1 at a position near the exhaust manifold and the engine room (closed couple (CC) position).
- a straight flow type base material is used for the first base material 30 .
- the first base material 30 is not limited to this, and may be a wall-flow type base material.
- a wall-flow type base material may be used as the first base material 30, and the first catalyst body 20 may be configured as a catalyst-coated gasoline particulate filter (GPF). be.
- GPF catalyst-coated gasoline particulate filter
- the first base material 30 may be a ceramic support made of ceramics such as cordierite, aluminum titanate, silicon carbide, stainless steel (SUS), Fe—Cr—Al alloy, Ni—Cr— A metal carrier made of an Al-based alloy or the like may also be used.
- the first catalyst body 20 has one first substrate 30, but it is not limited to this.
- the first catalyst body 20 is a tandem-type catalyst body having a plurality of first substrates 30 each provided with a first catalyst layer 40. It's okay.
- the types of the plurality of first substrates 30 may be the same or different.
- the compositions of the plurality of first catalyst layers 40 may be the same or different.
- the first catalyst layer 40 contains catalytic noble metal.
- the catalyst noble metal contained in the first catalyst layer 40 may be the same as the noble metal catalyst contained in the second catalyst layer 90 of the second catalyst body 60 .
- the first catalyst layer 40 usually contains a carrier that supports a catalytic noble metal.
- the carrier contained in the first catalyst layer 40 may be the same as the carrier contained in the second catalyst layer 90 of the second catalyst body 60 .
- Other components contained in the first catalyst layer 40 may be the same as those in the second catalyst layer 90 of the second catalyst body 60 .
- the first catalyst layer 40 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure.
- the first catalyst layer 40 may be composed of a plurality of regions having different compositions, properties, and the like.
- the first catalyst layer 40 has a front portion located on the upstream side Y1 and a rear portion located on the downstream side Y2 in the cylinder axis direction Y, and the composition and/or They may have different properties.
- the front portion and the rear portion may contain different noble metals.
- the first catalyst layer 40 has a multilayer structure
- the number of layers is not particularly limited.
- the first catalyst layer 40 may have a two-layer structure having a layer on the substrate side (lower layer) and a layer on the surface side (upper layer), or a layer on the substrate side (lower layer) and a layer on the surface side (upper layer).
- An upper layer) and one or more intermediate layers positioned therebetween may be three or more layers.
- each layer may contain a different noble metal.
- the first catalyst layer 40 has a multi-layer structure and has a lower layer portion 42 on the substrate side and an upper layer portion 44 on the exposed surface side.
- the lower layer portion 42 and the upper layer portion 44 of the first catalyst layer 40 each contain a catalytic precious metal.
- the lower layer portion 42 contains Pd as a catalytic noble metal.
- the upper layer portion 44 contains Rh as a catalytic precious metal.
- the first catalyst body 20 can be produced according to a known method. For example, a slurry is provided containing a catalytic noble metal source, an OSC material, a non-OSC material, a solvent, and optional ingredients. This slurry is applied to the second substrate 70 according to a known method, dried if necessary, and then calcined to form the first catalyst layer 40 . Thereby, the first catalyst body 20 can be obtained.
- the first catalyst body 20 contains a catalytic precious metal of a three-way catalyst, generates NH 3 when purifying NOx, and exhaust gas containing NH 3 flows out of the upstream catalytic converter 10 .
- the second catalyst body 60 has the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 .
- the NH 3 contained in the exhaust gas is adsorbed by the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 provided in the second catalyst body 60 of the downstream catalytic converter 50 and is suppressed from being discharged to the outside of the exhaust gas purification system 100 .
- the NH 3 adsorbed on the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is purified in the second catalyst layer 90, for example, at the timing of fuel cut (F/C).
- the operating temperature environment of the exhaust gas purification system is typically as high as about 350° C. to about 600° C., and the atmosphere is between the rich atmosphere and the lean atmosphere. fluctuates.
- the adsorption strength of the adsorption site of the Lewis acid site that releases NH3 at around 350 ° C. is weak, and Lewis It was found that NH 3 could not be sufficiently retained at the adsorption sites of the acid sites.
- the inventors have found that metals such as Cu supported on zeolite are eluted due to changes in the atmosphere at high temperatures, which can lead to structural deterioration of zeolite, decreased activity of noble metal catalysts, and the like.
- the basic skeleton is substantially a 4-membered ring and a 6-membered ring. ring, and a proton-type zeolite composed only of 8-membered rings.
- the basic skeleton consists essentially only of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings, so that the NH3 adsorption ability can be effectively exhibited.
- the cationic species of zeolite are protons, the problem of metal elution can be resolved.
- the NH 3 adsorption layer 80 is arranged closer to the second substrate 70 than the catalyst layer 90, so that NH 3 can be efficiently purified.
- the exhaust gas purification system 100 according to the present embodiment the NH 3 purification performance after endurance is improved.
- Exhaust gas purification system 200 includes an upstream catalytic converter 10 , a downstream catalytic converter 50 and a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) 110 .
- the GPF 110 is arranged downstream of the upstream catalytic converter 10 and upstream of the downstream catalytic converter 50 in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas. That is, the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 200 of the second embodiment is similar to the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 of the first embodiment, except that the GPF 110 is added between the upstream catalytic converter 10 and the downstream catalytic converter 50. be.
- As the GPF 110 a known GPF used in a known gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system can be used.
- particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust gas can be collected by the GPF. Therefore, according to such a configuration, it is possible to provide an exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine with high NH 3 purification performance after endurance and reduced PM emissions.
- a gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 300 according to the third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 includes a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) 110 as in the second embodiment.
- the GPF 110 is arranged downstream of the downstream catalytic converter 50 in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas. That is, the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 300 of the third embodiment is obtained by adding the GPF 110 to the downstream side of the downstream catalytic converter 50 in the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 of the first embodiment.
- a gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 400 according to the fourth embodiment illustrated in FIG. This is different from the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 of the first embodiment in this respect. With such a configuration, the purification performance of the first catalyst body 20 can be further enhanced.
- a gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 500 In a gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 500 according to the fifth embodiment illustrated in FIG.
- the GPF 110 is arranged downstream of the upstream catalytic converter 10 and upstream of the downstream catalytic converter 50 in the flow direction F of the exhaust gas. That is, the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 500 of the fifth embodiment is similar to the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 400 of the fourth embodiment, except that the GPF 110 is added between the upstream catalytic converter 10 and the downstream catalytic converter 50. be. According to such a configuration, PM in the exhaust gas can be efficiently trapped while the purification performance of the first catalyst body 20 is further enhanced.
- the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 600 is obtained by adding the GPF 110 to the downstream side of the downstream catalytic converter 50 in the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 400 of the fourth embodiment. According to such a configuration, PM in the exhaust gas can be efficiently trapped while the purification performance of the first catalyst body 20 is further enhanced.
- the base material of the catalyst body 26 has the function of GPF. According to such a configuration, PM in the exhaust gas can be captured by the GPF. Therefore, according to such a configuration, it is possible to provide an exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine with high NH 3 purification performance after endurance and reduced PM emissions.
- the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 800 is a catalytic body.
- a wall-flow type base material is used for the base material of the downstream catalyst body 26, and the base material of the downstream side catalyst body 26 has a GPF function. According to such a configuration, PM in the exhaust gas can be efficiently trapped while the purification performance of the first catalyst body 20 is further enhanced.
- the catalyst for purifying exhaust gas of a gasoline engine disclosed herein is used in an exhaust gas purifying system.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalytic body for a gasoline engine disclosed herein may be used alone.
- the exhaust gas purifying catalyst body for a gasoline engine disclosed herein is a tandem catalyst that includes an upstream catalyst body that includes a base material and a catalyst layer containing a catalytic noble metal, and a downstream catalyst body.
- the side catalyst can also be configured as a tandem catalyst, which is the exhaust gas purification catalyst for the gasoline engine disclosed herein. This tandem catalyst can be housed in one catalytic converter housing.
- Gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 can be suitably used to purify exhaust gas discharged from gasoline engines of ships as well as vehicles such as automobiles, trucks and motorcycles. Among others, it can be suitably used for vehicles such as automobiles and trucks equipped with a gasoline engine.
- the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 can efficiently adsorb and remove NH 3 in an environment where reducing gas can exist, the gasoline engine exhaust gas purification system 100 can be used for H 2 engines, NH 3 engines, e-Fuel It can also be applied to purification of engine exhaust gas.
- test examples relating to the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not intended to be limited to those shown in the following test examples.
- Example 1 As a first substrate, a honeycomb substrate (made of cordierite, diameter: 117 mm, total length: 100 mm, number of cells per square inch: 600 cpsi) was prepared. Palladium nitrate, CeO 2 —ZrO 2 based composite oxide powder (OSC material), Al 2 O 3 powder, barium sulfate, binder, and deionized water were mixed to prepare a Pd-containing slurry. This Pd-containing slurry was poured into the first substrate as a slurry for forming the lower layer, and the surface of the first substrate was coated with the material for forming the lower layer by blowing off unnecessary portions with a blower. By firing this in an electric furnace, a lower layer containing a Pd catalyst was formed on the first substrate.
- OSC material CeO 2 —ZrO 2 based composite oxide powder
- Al 2 O 3 powder barium sulfate
- binder binder
- deionized water deionized water
- Rhodium nitrate, CeO 2 —ZrO 2 based composite oxide powder (OSC material), Al 2 O 3 powder, binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a Rh-containing slurry.
- This Rh-containing slurry was poured as a slurry for forming the upper layer into the first base material on which the lower layer was formed, and the surface of the lower layer formed on the base material was coated with the material for forming the upper layer by blowing off unnecessary portions with a blower. . By firing this in an electric furnace, an upper layer containing the Rh catalyst was formed on the lower layer. Thus, the first catalyst body was produced.
- the same honeycomb base material as the first base material was prepared as the second base material.
- a proton-type zeolite a proton-type CHA-type zeolite (H-CHA), a binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a proton-type zeolite-containing slurry.
- This proton-type zeolite-containing slurry was poured into the second substrate as a slurry for forming the lower layer, and the surface of the second substrate was coated with the material for forming the lower layer by blowing off unnecessary portions with a blower. By firing this in an electric furnace, a lower layer containing proton-type zeolite was formed on the second substrate.
- the Pd-containing slurry prepared above is poured as a slurry for forming an intermediate layer into the second substrate on which the lower layer is formed, and the unnecessary portion is blown off with a blower to remove the surface of the lower layer formed on the second substrate from the surface of the intermediate layer. Coated with forming material. By firing this in an electric furnace, an intermediate layer containing a Pd catalyst was formed on the lower layer.
- the Rh-containing slurry prepared above is poured into the second substrate on which the intermediate layer is formed as a slurry for forming the upper layer, and the unnecessary portion is blown off with a blower to remove the surface of the intermediate layer formed on the second substrate from the upper layer. Coated with forming material. By firing this in an electric furnace, an upper layer containing the Rh catalyst was formed on the intermediate layer. Thus, a second catalyst body was produced.
- An exhaust gas purification system of Example 1 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst.
- the layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(A).
- Example 2 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, platinum nitrate, CeO 2 —ZrO 2 based composite oxide powder (OSC material), Al 2 O 3 powder, barium sulfate, binder, and ion-exchanged water are mixed to obtain a Pt-containing slurry. prepared. A second catalyst body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this Pt-containing slurry was used as the slurry for forming the intermediate layer. The amount of Pt in the second catalyst of Example 2 was the same as the amount of Pd in the second catalyst of Example 1. An exhaust gas purification system of Example 2 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst. The layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(B).
- Comparative example 1 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, Cu-supported CHA-type zeolite (Cu—CHA), a binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a Cu-supported zeolite-containing slurry. A second catalyst body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this Cu-supported zeolite-containing slurry was used as the slurry for forming the lower layer. An exhaust gas purification system of Comparative Example 1 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst. The layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(C).
- Comparative example 2 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In the same manner as in Example 1, except that the Pd-containing slurry was used as the lower layer-forming slurry, the Rh-containing slurry was used as the intermediate layer-forming slurry, and the proton-type zeolite-containing slurry was used as the upper layer-forming slurry. 2 catalyst bodies were prepared. An exhaust gas purification system of Comparative Example 2 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst. The layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(D).
- Comparative example 3 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, palladium nitrate, rhodium nitrate, proton-type CHA-type zeolite (H-CHA), CeO 2 —ZrO 2 -based composite oxide powder (OSC material), Al 2 O 3 powder, and barium sulfate. , a binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a slurry for forming a catalyst layer. This catalyst layer-forming slurry was poured into the second substrate, and unnecessary portions were blown off with a blower to coat the surface of the second substrate with the catalyst layer-forming material.
- Comparative example 4 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, as a proton-type zeolite, a proton-type FAU-type zeolite (H-FAU), a binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a proton-type zeolite-containing slurry. A second catalyst body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this proton-type zeolite-containing slurry was used as the slurry for forming the lower layer. An exhaust gas purification system of Comparative Example 4 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst. The layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(F).
- Example 3 A first catalyst was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, a proton-type AFX-type zeolite (H-AFX) as a proton-type zeolite, a binder, and ion-exchanged water were mixed to prepare a proton-type zeolite-containing slurry. A second catalyst body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that this proton-type zeolite-containing slurry was used as the slurry for forming the lower layer. An exhaust gas purification system of Example 3 was constructed by combining the produced first catalyst and second catalyst. The layer structure of the second catalyst is schematically shown in FIG. 13(G).
- H-AFX proton-type AFX-type zeolite
- the exhaust gas purification system of each example and each comparative example was attached to the exhaust system of a V-type 8-cylinder gasoline engine.
- the first catalyst was arranged so as to be positioned upstream in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
- the temperature of the inflow gas was set at 950° C., and the exhaust gas in each of the rich, stoichiometric, and lean atmospheres was repeatedly flowed into the exhaust gas purification system for a predetermined period of time over 50 hours.
- the first catalyst was subjected to durability treatment at 1000°C
- the second catalyst was subjected to durability treatment at 700°C.
- Comparative Example 1 is a comparative example in which the zeolite of the NH 3 adsorption layer of the second catalyst body was changed to Cu-CHA. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that by using H-CHA as the adsorbent of the NH 3 adsorption layer of the second catalyst body, the NH 3 emissions after endurance can be significantly reduced.
- Comparative Example 2 is a comparative example in which H-CHA is used as the zeolite of the NH 3 adsorption layer of the second catalyst body, but the NH 3 adsorption layer is arranged on the surface layer side. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the effect of improving the NH 3 purification performance after endurance by -CHA is exhibited by arranging the NH 3 adsorption layer closer to the substrate than the catalyst layer.
- Comparative Example 3 is a comparative example in which the components of the NH3 adsorption layer of the second catalyst body and the catalyst layer are mixed to form a single layer. From the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, the effect of improving the NH 3 purification performance after durability by H-CHA is exhibited by the laminated structure in which the NH 3 adsorption layer is arranged closer to the substrate than the catalyst layer. I understand.
- Comparative Example 4 is a comparative example in which the zeolite of the NH 3 adsorption layer of the second catalyst was changed to H-FAU.
- H-FAU is a proton-type zeolite whose basic skeleton is composed of 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings. This 12-membered ring has a diameter of 0.74 nm ⁇ 0.74 nm.
- NH3 has a molecular size of 0.26 nm
- the diameter of the 8-membered ring of CHA-type zeolite is 0.38 nm ⁇ 0.38 nm.
- the basic skeleton of proton-type zeolite affects the improvement of NH purification performance after endurance
- the basic skeleton of proton-type zeolite is substantially a four-membered ring and a six-membered ring. It can be seen that a high effect of improving NH 3 purification performance after endurance is obtained when it is composed only of a ring and an 8-membered ring.
- Example 2 is an example in which the catalyst noble metal of the catalyst layer of the second catalyst body is changed to Pt. From the comparison of Example 1 and Example 2, it can be seen that the combination of Pd in the lower layer and Rh in the upper layer of the catalyst noble metal of the catalyst layer provides a higher NH 3 purification performance improvement effect after durability. .
- Example 3 is an example in which the zeolite of the NH 3 adsorption layer of the second catalytic body is changed to H-AFX.
- H-AFX like H-CHA, is also a proton-type zeolite whose basic skeleton consists essentially of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings.
- Example 3 exhibited high NH 3 purification performance after endurance to the same extent as Example 1. Therefore, it can be seen that proton-type zeolites with various skeleton structures can be used as long as the basic skeleton of the proton-type zeolite is substantially composed only of 4-, 6-, and 8-membered rings.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、ここに開示されるガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体の一例を用いた第1実施形態に係る排ガス浄化システム100の模式図である。なお、本明細書において、「ガソリンエンジン」とは、燃料としてガソリンを使用し、理論空燃比(空気:ガソリン=14.7:1)を含むリッチ領域からリーン域の空燃比の混合気が燃焼されるエンジンであり、リーンバーンエンジンを含まない。
第2触媒体の構成例を図2~図4に示す。特に図3および4に示すように、第2触媒体60は、第2基材70上に、NH3吸着層80と第2触媒層90とが積層された構造を有する。よって、第2触媒体60は、第2基材70と、NH3吸着層80と、第2触媒層90とを備える。
第1触媒体20は、スタートアップ触媒(S/C)とアンダーフロア触媒(UF/C)とを備える公知のガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システムの、スタートアップ触媒と同じまたは類似の構成であってよい。
ガソリンエンジン1においては、理論空燃比を含むリッチ領域からリーン域の空燃比の混合気が燃焼される。図1に示すように、ガソリンエンジン1において生成した排ガスは、まず、上流触媒コンバータ10の第1触媒体20において浄化される。第1触媒体20は、三元触媒の触媒貴金属を含有しており、NOxを浄化する際にNH3が生成し、NH3を含む排ガスが上流触媒コンバータ10から流出する。
図6~12にその他の実施形態を示す。なお、以下の実施形態について、第1実施形態と同じ部分については説明を省略している。
ガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システム100は、自動車、トラック、オートバイ等の車両のみならず、船舶等のガソリンエンジンから排出される排ガスの浄化に好適に用いることができる。なかでも、ガソリンエンジンを備える自動車、トラック等の車両に対して好適に用いることができる。また、ガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システム100は、還元ガスが存在し得る環境において効率的にNH3を吸着除去できるため、ガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システム100は、H2エンジン、NH3エンジン、e-Fuelエンジンの排ガス浄化にも応用可能である。
第1基材として、ハニカム基材(コージェライト製、直径:117mm、全長:100mm、1平方インチ当たりのセル数:600cpsi)を用意した。硝酸パラジウムと、CeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物粉末(OSC材)と、Al2O3粉末と、硫酸バリウムと、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、Pd含有スラリーを調製した。このPd含有スラリーを、下層形成用スラリーとして第1基材に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことで、第1基材表面を下層形成用の材料でコーティングした。これを電気炉内で焼成することにより、第1基材上にPd触媒を含有する下層を形成した。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。次に、硝酸白金と、CeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物粉末(OSC材)と、Al2O3粉末と、硫酸バリウムと、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、Pt含有スラリーを調製した。このPt含有スラリーを、中間層形成用スラリーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第2触媒体を作製した。なお、実施例2の第2触媒体におけるPt量は、実施例1の第2触媒体におけるPd量と同じとした。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、実施例2の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(B)に示す。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。次に、Cu担持CHA型ゼオライト(Cu-CHA)と、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、Cu担持ゼオライト含有スラリーを調製した。このCu担持ゼオライト含有スラリーを、下層形成用スラリーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第2触媒体を作製した。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、比較例1の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(C)に示す。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。Pd含有スラリーを下層形成用スラリーとして使用し、Rh含有スラリーを中間層形成用スラリーとして使用し、プロトン型ゼオライト含有スラリーを上層形成用スラリーとして使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第2触媒体を作製した。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、比較例2の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(D)に示す。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。次に、硝酸パラジウムと、硝酸ロジウムと、プロトン型のCHA型ゼオライト(H-CHA)と、CeO2-ZrO2系複合酸化物粉末(OSC材)と、Al2O3粉末と、硫酸バリウムと、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、触媒層形成用スラリーを作製した。この触媒層形成用スラリーを第2基材に流し込み、ブロアーで不要部分を吹き払うことで、第2基材表面を触媒層形成用の材料でコーティングした。これを電気炉内で焼成することにより、第2基材上に、PdおよびRh触媒と、H-CHAとを含有する触媒層を形成した。このようにして、第2触媒体を作製した。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、比較例3の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(E)に示す。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。次に、プロトン型ゼオライトとして、プロトン型のFAU型ゼオライト(H-FAU)と、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、プロトン型ゼオライト含有スラリーを調製した。このプロトン型ゼオライト含有スラリーを、下層形成用スラリーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第2触媒体を作製した。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、比較例4の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(F)に示す。
実施例1と同様にして第1触媒体を作製した。次に、プロトン型ゼオライトとして、プロトン型のAFX型ゼオライト(H-AFX)と、バインダと、イオン交換水とを混合して、プロトン型ゼオライト含有スラリーを調製した。このプロトン型ゼオライト含有スラリーを、下層形成用スラリーとして用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、第2触媒体を作製した。作製した第1触媒体および第2触媒体を組み合わせて、実施例3の排ガス浄化システムを構築した。その第2触媒体の層構成を模式的に図13(G)に示す。
V型8気筒ガソリンエンジンの排気系に、各実施例および各比較例の排ガス浄化システムを取り付けた。このとき、排気系において第1触媒体が、排ガスの流れ方向の上流側に位置するように配置した。流入ガス温度を950℃として、50時間にわたり、リッチ、ストイキ、およびリーンの各雰囲気の排ガスを所定の時間ずつ繰り返して排ガス浄化システムに流した。これにより、第1触媒体を1000℃の耐久処理、第2触媒体を700℃の耐久処理にさらした。
上記耐久処理を施した各実施例および各比較例の排ガス浄化システムを、ガソリンエンジンを備える車両に搭載させた。このとき第1触媒体を筐体に収容してスタートアップ触媒位置に取り付け、第2触媒体を筐体に収容してアンダーフロア位置に取り付けた。第2触媒体の下流側にFT-IR分析計を取り付けた。シャシダイナモメータ上でこの車両をWLTCモードに従って運転し、排ガス中に含まれるアンモニア濃度を測定し、NH3排出量を求めた。結果を図14に示す。
Claims (5)
- ガソリンエンジンの排気経路に配置されるように構成されたガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体であって、
前記排ガス浄化用触媒体は、
基材と、
プロトン型ゼオライトを含有するNH3吸着層と、
触媒貴金属を含有する触媒層と、
を備え、
前記NH3吸着層は、前記触媒層よりも前記基材側に位置するように、前記触媒層と積層されており、
前記プロトン型ゼオライトの基本骨格が、実質的に4員環、6員環、および8員環のみから構成されている、
排ガス浄化用触媒体。 - 前記プロトン型ゼオライトが、CHA型ゼオライトまたはAFX型ゼオライトである、請求項1に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒体。
- 前記触媒層が、前記触媒貴金属としてRhと、PdおよびPtの少なくともいずれかと、を含有する、請求項1または2に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒体。
- 前記触媒層が、表層部側の第1層と、基材層側の第2層とを少なくとも含む複層構造を有し、
前記第1層が前記触媒貴金属としてRhを含有し、かつ前記第2層が前記触媒貴金属としてPdを含有する、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒体。 - ガソリンエンジンの排気経路に配置されるように構成されたガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システムであって、
前記排ガス浄化システムは、第1触媒体を含む上流触媒コンバータと、第2触媒体を含む下流触媒コンバータと、を含み
前記第1触媒体は、触媒貴金属を含有し、
前記第2触媒体が、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の排ガス浄化用触媒体である、
ガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システム。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202280088756.9A CN118555989A (zh) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-12-20 | 汽油发动机的排气净化用催化剂体及使用了该催化剂的排气净化系统 |
EP22920578.6A EP4450160A1 (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-12-20 | Catalyzer for purifying exhaust gas of gasoline engine, and exhaust gas purification system using same |
JP2023573938A JPWO2023136060A1 (ja) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-12-20 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022003831 | 2022-01-13 | ||
JP2022-003831 | 2022-01-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023136060A1 true WO2023136060A1 (ja) | 2023-07-20 |
Family
ID=87278979
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/046960 WO2023136060A1 (ja) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-12-20 | ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4450160A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2023136060A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN118555989A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2023136060A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08173815A (ja) | 1994-12-22 | 1996-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2018187631A (ja) | 2008-11-03 | 2018-11-29 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Scrおよびamoxを統合した触媒システム |
JP2020510518A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2020-04-09 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒組成物 |
JP2020510519A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2020-04-09 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒製品 |
JP2020182898A (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | 株式会社キャタラー | アンモニア酸化触媒装置 |
JP2021520995A (ja) * | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-26 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 混合ゼオライト含有scr触媒 |
JP2022003831A (ja) | 2017-03-06 | 2022-01-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 装置、方法及びプログラム |
-
2022
- 2022-12-20 CN CN202280088756.9A patent/CN118555989A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-20 WO PCT/JP2022/046960 patent/WO2023136060A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-12-20 EP EP22920578.6A patent/EP4450160A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-20 JP JP2023573938A patent/JPWO2023136060A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08173815A (ja) | 1994-12-22 | 1996-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用触媒 |
JP2018187631A (ja) | 2008-11-03 | 2018-11-29 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | Scrおよびamoxを統合した触媒システム |
JP2020510518A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2020-04-09 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒組成物 |
JP2020510519A (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2020-04-09 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒製品 |
JP2022003831A (ja) | 2017-03-06 | 2022-01-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | 装置、方法及びプログラム |
JP2021520995A (ja) * | 2018-04-11 | 2021-08-26 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 混合ゼオライト含有scr触媒 |
JP2020182898A (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | 株式会社キャタラー | アンモニア酸化触媒装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN118555989A (zh) | 2024-08-27 |
EP4450160A1 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
JPWO2023136060A1 (ja) | 2023-07-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3077085B1 (en) | Passive nox adsorber comprising noble metal and small pore molecular sieve | |
JP5815232B2 (ja) | ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス中の窒素酸化物の選択接触還元 | |
EP3077112B1 (en) | Exhaust gas catalyst containing two different palladium-molecular sieve catalysts | |
EP1839747B1 (en) | Adsorbent for hydrocarbons, catalyst for exhaust gas purification and method for exhaust gas purification | |
KR102251530B1 (ko) | 특정 입자 크기 분포를 갖는 금속 산화물 지지체 입자를 포함하는 촉매 조성물 | |
US9321042B2 (en) | Catalyst compositions, catalytic articles, systems and processes using large particle molecular sieves | |
JP4863596B2 (ja) | 排気ガス浄化システム | |
KR20040095166A (ko) | 디젤 엔진 배기가스정화용 촉매 및 그 제조방법 | |
JP2024505922A (ja) | 移動式のガソリン用途のためのnh3低減触媒 | |
JP7446541B1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
WO2023136060A1 (ja) | ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム | |
JP7288555B1 (ja) | ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム | |
WO2023162302A1 (ja) | ガソリンエンジンの排ガス浄化用触媒体およびこれを用いた排ガス浄化システム | |
WO2023058496A1 (ja) | ガソリンエンジン用排ガス浄化システムおよび排ガス浄化用触媒体 | |
WO2024150563A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP7580012B1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒および炭化水素吸着材 | |
WO2024134939A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒 | |
JP4648914B2 (ja) | 炭化水素吸着剤、排ガス浄化用触媒および排ガス浄化方法 | |
WO2024157955A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒、及びこれを用いた排ガス浄化装置 | |
WO2022209154A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化用触媒及び排ガス浄化システム | |
WO2024190162A1 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒装置及び排ガス浄化触媒システム | |
JPH04197446A (ja) | 排気浄化用触媒 | |
KR20230116024A (ko) | 집중-분포된 기능성 물질 층을 갖는 미립자 필터 및그 제조방법 | |
JPH10235199A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22920578 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023573938 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202280088756.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202427053574 Country of ref document: IN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022920578 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022920578 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240717 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |