WO2023000376A1 - 一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法 - Google Patents
一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of planetary gears, in particular to an analysis method for the structural dynamic characteristics of multi-stage planetary gears.
- planetary gear transmission Due to its compact structure, strong bearing capacity and low bearing load, planetary gear transmission is widely used in various fields such as aviation, ships, automobiles, military and machinery. In the field of heavy-duty transmission, in order to achieve large transmission ratio and high output torque, multi-stage planetary gear transmission is usually required.
- the present invention provides a method capable of analyzing the dynamic characteristics of multi-stage planetary gears.
- the present invention provides a method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of a multi-stage planetary gear structure, comprising the following steps:
- Step S1 Establishing a nonlinear dynamic model of a single-stage spur gear transmission system according to the lumped mass method
- Step S2 Analyze the relative displacement relationship and motion transmission relationship between two adjacent components, and establish the dynamic equation of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system based on the Lagrange equation;
- Step S3 Establishing a nonlinear dynamic equation of three-stage planetary gear transmission based on time-varying mesh stiffness, dynamic transmission error, and mesh phase;
- Step S4 Analyze the dynamic characteristics of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system based on the Runger-Kutta method.
- step S1 the specific steps of establishing a nonlinear dynamic model of a single-stage spur gear transmission system according to the lumped mass method are as follows:
- Step S11 Establish a dynamic coordinate system fixed to the planet carrier, convert the displacement, velocity, acceleration and other motion quantities of each component under the generalized coordinates into the velocity, displacement, acceleration and other motion quantities under the dynamic coordinates, and the vector r is in the planet carrier dynamic coordinates
- the components of are x c , y c
- the components in the fixed coordinate system are x s , y s respectively.
- the acceleration expression of each component of the planetary gear system in the generalized coordinate system can be obtained through coordinate transformation.
- the sun gear-planet gear-ring gear meshing exists in the fixed coordinate system oij and the rotating coordinate system o ⁇ .
- the position vector of each component of the planetary gear system in the fixed coordinate system is expressed as:
- Step S12 According to the geometric position and motion relationship between the various components of the planetary gear train, analyze the relative displacement relationship of each component as follows:
- ⁇ sn (x n -x s )sin ⁇ sn +(y s -y n )cos ⁇ sn +u s +u n
- x s , y s , u s are the linear displacement of the sun gear in the x direction, y direction, and meshing line direction respectively;
- x n , y n , u n are the planetary gears in the x direction, y direction, and the meshing line direction respectively Linear displacement;
- ⁇ n is the position angle of the planetary gear, and
- ⁇ s is the meshing angle of the sun gear and the planetary gear.
- ⁇ rn (x n -x r )sin ⁇ rn +(y r -y n )cos ⁇ rn +u r -u n
- ⁇ rn ⁇ n - ⁇ r
- x r , y r , and u r are the linear displacements of the ring gear in the x direction, y direction, and meshing line direction respectively;
- ⁇ r is the meshing angle of the ring gear and the planetary gear.
- ⁇ cnu (x n -x c )sin ⁇ n +(y c -y n )cos ⁇ n +u c
- x c , y c , u c are the displacements of the planet carrier in the x direction, y direction and tangential line respectively
- Step S13 Establishing the differential equation of motion of the planetary gear train, the specific steps are as follows:
- k i is The translational support stiffness of each member;
- k sn and k rn are the meshing stiffness of sun gear-planetary gear and planetary gear-ring gear respectively;
- k st , k ct and k rt are tangential directions of sun gear, planetary carrier and ring gear respectively Support stiffness
- Step S21 Analyze the coupling relationship between the three-stage planetary gear trains, that is, the first-stage planetary carrier and the second-stage There is interaction between the first-stage sun gear, the first-stage ring gear and the second-stage ring gear, and Moment, get its relative displacement relationship:
- Step S22 According to the Lagrange equation, the kinetic energy and potential energy equations of the system and the dynamic model of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system are respectively established, and the expressions are as follows:
- the superscripts I, II, and III of each parameter are the first stage, the second stage and the third stage of the three-stage planetary gear train respectively;
- I c , I r , I s , I p are the , the moment of inertia of the sun gear and the planet gear
- m p is the mass of the planet gear
- r r , r s , r p are the base circle radii of the ring gear, the sun gear and the planet gear respectively
- r c is the equivalent radius of the planet carrier
- u c , u r , u s are the displacements of the planet carrier, the ring gear and the sun gear respectively
- u n is the displacement of the nth planetary gear
- k sn , k rn are the displacements of the nth planetary gear, the sun gear and the inner ring gear respectively
- ⁇ s , ⁇ r are the meshing angles
- ⁇ rn -u c cos ⁇ r -u n
- ⁇ sn and ⁇ rn are the displacement components of the nth planetary gear, the sun gear and the ring gear along the meshing line direction respectively. are the coupled relative displacements between 1-2 and 2-3 respectively; k 12 and k 23 are the coupling stiffnesses between 1-2 and 2-3, are the radii of couplings between stages 1-2 and stage 2-3 respectively, k r is the tangential support stiffness of the ring gear, T r , T c , T s are the torques of the ring gear, the planet carrier and the sun gear.
- step S3 based on the time-varying meshing stiffness, dynamic transmission error, and meshing phase, the specific steps of modeling the dynamic model of the three-stage gear transmission system are as follows:
- Step S31 The dynamic model of the three-stage gear transmission system established based on the time-varying meshing stiffness, dynamic transmission error, and meshing phase:
- M is the equivalent mass matrix
- q is the generalized coordinate matrix
- C is the damping matrix
- K(t) is the time-varying stiffness matrix
- e(t) is the static transfer error matrix
- F is the load matrix.
- I, II, and III of each parameter are the first stage, the second stage and the third stage of the three-stage planetary gear train
- I c , I r , I s , and I p are the planet carrier, ring gear, sun moment of inertia of the gear and the planetary gear
- m p is the mass of the planetary gear
- r r , rs s , r p are the base circle radii of the ring gear, sun gear and planetary gear respectively
- r c is the equivalent radius of the planetary carrier
- u c , u r , u s are the displacements of the planetary carrier, the ring gear and the sun gear respectively
- u n is the displacement of the
- Step S32 Calculate the time-varying meshing stiffness, the calculation formula is:
- T m is the meshing period
- ⁇ sr is the phase difference between the internal and external meshing, and when the number of teeth of the planetary gears is odd and even ⁇ sr is taken as 1/2 and 0 respectively
- ⁇ r , ⁇ s are the coincidence degree of internal and external meshing respectively.
- Step S33 Calculate the meshing phase, the calculation formula is:
- ⁇ sn is the external meshing phase of the nth planetary gear
- ⁇ rn is the internal meshing phase of the nth planetary gear
- ⁇ n is the circumferential angle between the nth planetary gear and planetary gear 1
- the planet carrier is counterclockwise Rotate is +, clockwise is -.
- Step S34 Calculating the dynamic transmission error, the calculation formula is:
- e(t) is the static transmission error of the gear
- ⁇ f and ⁇ f are the rotation frequency and initial phase of the gear respectively
- e rn (t) and e sn (t) are the transmission errors of the internal and external meshing of the gear, respectively, and E sn and E rn are the amplitudes of the cumulative total deviation of the internal and external meshing pitch; are the amplitudes of the meshing tangential deviation of the inner and outer meshing single tooth pairs; ⁇ s and ⁇ m are the rotation frequency and meshing frequency of the sun gear, respectively; is the initial phase of internal and external meshing; ⁇ s is the initial phase of sun gear rotation; is the phase difference between inside and outside.
- the step S4 is based on the Runger-Kutta method to solve the dynamic characteristics of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system, the specific method is as follows:
- the fourth-order Runger-Kutta algorithm is:
- the dynamic response of planetary gear system is analyzed by numerical integration method.
- the beneficial effect of the present invention is: the analysis method provided by the present invention fully considers nonlinear influence factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness and dynamic transmission error, and combines lumped mass method, Lagrangian equation and Runger-Kutta method , is applied to the solution of the dynamic characteristics of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the multi-stage planetary gear transmission system, and is of great significance for improving the meshing stability, carrying capacity and reducing friction loss of the gear transmission system.
- nonlinear influence factors such as time-varying meshing stiffness and dynamic transmission error
- Lagrangian equation and Runger-Kutta method is applied to the solution of the dynamic characteristics of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the multi-stage planetary gear transmission system, and is of great significance for improving the meshing stability, carrying capacity and reducing friction loss of the gear transmission system.
- Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of a multi-stage planetary gear structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of coordinate transformation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is an analysis model diagram of a planetary gear train provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a three-stage planetary gear transmission coupling relationship diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage transmission system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is a torsional dynamics model diagram of a planetary gear train provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- the embodiment provides a method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of a multistage planetary gear structure: comprising the following steps:
- the structure of the planetary gear system is relatively complex.
- the single-stage planetary gear transmission system is composed of internal ring gear, planetary carrier, sun gear, planetary gear and other components. It is difficult to analyze the relative movement and position relationship between each component.
- the dynamic model of the spur planetary transmission in this embodiment adopts a pure torsion model.
- step S101 establishing a planetary gear follow-up coordinate system
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of coordinate transformation.
- the components of the vector r in the moving coordinates of the planet carrier are x c , y c , and the components in the fixed coordinate system are x s , y s respectively .
- the rotational angular velocity of the moving coordinate system on the frame, then ⁇ ⁇ c t, according to the geometric relationship in the figure, the following relationship can be obtained:
- the acceleration expression of each component of the planetary gear system in the generalized coordinate system can be obtained through coordinate transformation.
- Fig. 3 is a dynamic analysis model of the planetary gear train, and the sun gear-planet gear-ring gear meshing exists in the fixed coordinate system oij and the rotating coordinate system o ⁇ .
- the position vector of each component of the planetary gear system in the fixed coordinate system is expressed as:
- Step S102 Analysis of the relative displacement of each component of the planetary gear train
- Analyzing the relative displacement relationship of each component is to determine the elastic force between each component and also the premise of establishing the motion equation of each component. Specifically, the relative displacement between each component is as follows:
- ⁇ sn (x n -x s )sin ⁇ sn +(y s -y n )cos ⁇ sn +u s +u n
- x s , y s , u s are the linear displacement of the sun gear in the x direction, y direction, and meshing line direction respectively;
- x n , y n , u n are the planetary gears in the x direction, y direction, and the meshing line direction respectively Linear displacement;
- ⁇ n is the position angle of the planetary gear, and
- ⁇ s is the meshing angle of the sun gear and the planetary gear.
- ⁇ rn (x n -x r )sin ⁇ rn +(y r -y n )cos ⁇ rn +u r -u n
- ⁇ rn ⁇ n - ⁇ r
- x r , y r , and u r are the linear displacements of the ring gear in the x direction, y direction, and meshing line direction respectively;
- ⁇ r is the meshing angle of the ring gear and the planetary gear.
- ⁇ cnu (x n -x c )sin ⁇ n +(y c -y n )cos ⁇ n +u c
- x c , y c , u c are the displacements of the planet carrier in the x direction, y direction and tangential line respectively
- Step S103 Establishing the motion differential equation of the planetary gear train
- k i is The translational support stiffness of each member;
- k sn and k rn are the meshing stiffness of the sun gear-planetary gear and planetary gear-ring gear respectively;
- k st , k ct , k rt are the tangential directions of the sun gear, planet carrier and ring gear Support stiffness.
- M is the generalized mass matrix of the system
- K b is the support stiffness matrix
- K m is the gear meshing stiffness matrix
- q is the system generalized coordinate array, as follows:
- G ⁇ and K ⁇ are the gyro matrix and diagonal matrix caused by acceleration; when the rotation speed of the planetary carrier is not very high, G ⁇ and K ⁇ are smaller than other parameter matrices and can be ignored.
- Step S201 Analysis of Relative Displacement Relationship
- the coupling relationship between the three-stage planetary gear train must be considered, that is, the first-stage planet carrier and the second-stage sun gear, the first-stage ring gear and the second-stage There are mutual forces and moments between the second-stage planetary carrier of the inner ring gear and the third-stage sun gear, and between the second-stage ring gear and the third-stage ring gear.
- Step S202 Establishment of the torsional dynamics model of the three-stage planetary gear transmission system
- the gear body of the planetary gear train is a rigid body
- the response can be set to 0 or the corresponding motion equation can be removed when calculating the solution, and the vibration differential equations of the gear transmission system can be established as follows .
- k 12 is a matrix with 6 rows and 6 columns, the elements of the 1st row and 3rd column are The remaining elements are 0;
- k 13 is a zero matrix with 6 rows and 7 columns;
- k 21 is a matrix with 6 rows and 6 columns, and the elements of the 3rd row and 1st column are The remaining elements are 0;
- k 23 is a matrix with 6 rows and 7 columns, the elements of the 1st row and 3rd column are The remaining elements are 0;
- k 31 is a zero matrix with 7 rows and 6 columns;
- k 32 is a matrix with 7 rows and 6 columns, and the elements of the 3rd row and 1st column are The remaining elements are 0.
- the superscripts I, II, and III of each parameter are the first stage, the second stage and the third stage of the three-stage planetary gear train;
- I c , I r , I s , and I p are the planet carrier, ring gear, sun moment of inertia of the gear and the planetary gear
- m p is the mass of the planetary gear
- r r , rs s , r p are the base circle radii of the ring gear, sun gear and planetary gear respectively
- r c is the equivalent radius of the planetary carrier
- u c , u r , u s are the displacements of the planetary carrier, the ring gear and the sun gear respectively
- u n is the displacement of the nth planetary gear
- k sn , k rn are the meshing stiffnesses of the nth planetary gear with the sun gear and the inner ring gear respectively
- ⁇ rn -u c cos ⁇ r -u n
- ⁇ sn and ⁇ rn are the displacement components of the nth planetary gear, the sun gear and the ring gear along the meshing line direction respectively. are the coupled relative displacements between 1-2 and 2-3 respectively; k 12 and k 23 are the coupling stiffnesses between 1-2 and 2-3, are the radii of couplings between stages 1-2 and stage 2-3 respectively, k r is the tangential support stiffness of the ring gear, T r , T c , T s are the torques of the ring gear, the planet carrier and the sun gear.
- the gear transmission error is approximated as the harmonic function of the superimposed shaft frequency and tooth frequency, and the trapezoidal wave is used to represent the time-varying characteristics of the gear meshing stiffness.
- the time-varying stiffness and transmission error of each gear mesh are determined, and the dynamic model of the three-stage planetary gear system is established based on the Lagrange equation by using the lumped parameter method.
- Fig. 5 The structure diagram of the three-stage transmission system is shown in Fig. 5.
- the torsional dynamics analysis model is shown in Fig. 6, regardless of the translational degrees of freedom of the system components. Variable stiffness.
- the following assumptions are made when establishing the torsional dynamics model of the planetary gear transmission system:
- the gear body and the planet carrier are rigid bodies
- the gear meshing elasticity is represented by a spring
- the system damping is linear viscous damping.
- M is the equivalent mass matrix
- q is the generalized coordinate matrix
- C is the damping matrix
- K(t) is the time-varying stiffness matrix
- e(t) is the static transfer error matrix
- F is the load matrix.
- I, II, and III of each parameter are the first stage, the second stage and the third stage of the three-stage planetary gear train
- I c , I r , I s , and I p are the planet carrier, ring gear, sun moment of inertia of the gear and the planetary gear
- m p is the mass of the planetary gear
- r r , rs s , r p are the base circle radii of the ring gear, sun gear and planetary gear respectively
- r c is the equivalent radius of the planetary carrier
- u c , u r , u s are the displacements of the planetary carrier, the ring gear and the sun gear respectively
- u n is the displacement of the
- e sn (t), e rn (t) and ⁇ sn , ⁇ rn are the transmission error and displacement components of the nth planetary gear, the sun gear and the ring gear along the meshing line direction, respectively. are the coupled relative displacements between 1-2 and 2-3 respectively; k 12 and k 23 are the coupling stiffnesses between 1-2 and 2-3, are the radii of couplings between stages 1-2 and stage 2-3 respectively, k r is the tangential support stiffness of the ring gear, T r , T c , T s are the torques of the ring gear, the planet carrier and the sun gear.
- Step S302 Determine the meshing phase relationship
- the meshing phase relationship of the planetary gears can be determined by the number of teeth of the gears and the position of the planetary gears. As shown in Figure 4, when the planetary carrier rotates counterclockwise by an angle ⁇ , the planetary gear 1 moves to the position of the planetary gear 2, and the number of meshes completed between each gear is ⁇ Z r /2 ⁇ , so the meshing phase relationship of the planetary gears is:
- ⁇ sn is the external meshing phase of the nth planetary gear
- ⁇ rn is the internal meshing phase of the nth planetary gear
- ⁇ n is the circumferential angle between the nth planetary gear and planetary gear 1
- the planet carrier is counterclockwise Rotate is +, clockwise is -.
- Step S303 Calculate meshing stiffness
- the time-varying characteristics of meshing stiffness are represented by trapezoidal wave, and the dynamic response of the system with trapezoidal wave time-varying stiffness can be obtained by numerical method.
- the time-varying phase of the internal and external meshing stiffness is considered to be the same; when the number of teeth of the planetary gear is odd, the time-varying phase of the external meshing stiffness differs by half a meshing cycle.
- the time-varying stiffness of the internal and external meshes of each planetary gear is:
- k rn (t) k r1 (t-( ⁇ sn + ⁇ sr )T m )
- T m is the meshing period
- ⁇ sr is the phase difference between the internal and external meshing, and when the number of teeth of the planetary gears is odd and even ⁇ sr is taken as 1/2 and 0 respectively
- ⁇ r , ⁇ s are the coincidence degree of internal and external meshing respectively.
- Error excitation is one of the main internal motivating factors in the gear system. If there are errors in gear machining and assembly, the gear mesh will deviate from the theoretical ideal position. Due to the time-varying line of error, this deviation forms a displacement-type excitation in the meshing process. Gear errors can be divided into tooth profile errors and tooth pitch errors. The total gear tangential deviation is the sum of the cumulative total deviation of the tooth pitch and the single tooth tangential deviation. Gear tolerances are determined through gear booklets.
- the radial error of the gear can be ignored in the study of the torsional dynamics of the gear, so the static transmission error of the gear is the total tangential deviation of the gear, and the time-varying nature of the gear transmission error can be approximated as the superposition of the harmonic functions of the shaft frequency and the tooth frequency:
- e(t) is the static transmission error of the gear
- ⁇ f and ⁇ f are the rotation frequency and initial phase of the gear respectively
- e rn (t) and e sn (t) are the transmission errors of the internal and external meshing of the gear, respectively, and E sn and E rn are the amplitudes of the cumulative total deviation of the internal and external meshing pitch; are the amplitudes of the meshing tangential deviation of the inner and outer meshing single tooth pairs; ⁇ s and ⁇ m are the rotation frequency and meshing frequency of the sun gear, respectively; is the initial phase of internal and external meshing; ⁇ s is the initial phase of sun gear rotation; is the phase difference between inside and outside.
- Runger-Kutta uses the linear combination of values at a certain point to construct a formula, so that after it is expanded according to the Taylor formula, there are as many items as possible that are exactly the same as the Taylor expansion of the initial value problem solution, so as to determine
- the parameters in it ensure the higher precision of the formula, and its fourth-order Runger-Kutta algorithm is as follows:
- the dynamic differential equation of the three-stage series planetary gear system established in the present invention belongs to the second-order nonlinear differential equation containing time-varying parameters, which must be solved in order to solve the time-varying parameters and reduce the price of the equation, and turn it into a first-order derivative.
- the numerical integration method is used to solve the dynamic response of the planetary gear system.
- the 4-5th order Runge-Kutta numerical integration method with variable step size in Matlab is used to directly call the ode45 function to solve the differential equations, which has high calculation accuracy.
- an embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium can store a program, and when the program is executed, it includes the dynamic characteristics of any multi-stage planetary gear structure described in the above-mentioned method embodiments. Some or all steps of an analytical method.
- each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
- the above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
- the integrated unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable memory.
- the essence of the technical solution of the present invention or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a memory.
- a computer device which may be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.
- the aforementioned memory includes: various media that can store program codes such as U disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), mobile hard disk, magnetic disk or optical disk.
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Abstract
一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法,包括以下步骤:根据集中质量法分别建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型;分析相邻两构件之间的相对位移关系和运动传递关系,基于Lagrange方程建立三级行星齿轮传动系统动力学方程;基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级行星齿轮传动非线性动力学方程;基于Runger-Kutta法分析三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性;该分析方法全面考虑时变啮合刚度和动态传递误差等非线性影响因素,将集中质量法、Lagrange方程和Runger-Kutta法相结合,应用于三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性求解,提高了多级行星齿轮传动系统的求解准确性和效率,对提高齿轮传动系统的啮合平稳性、承载能力和降低摩擦损耗具有重要意义。
Description
本发明涉及行星齿轮领域,特别涉及一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法。
行星齿轮传动由于结构紧凑、承载能力强以及较低的轴承载荷而广泛应用于航空、船舶、汽车、军事、机械等各个领域。在重载传动领域,为实现大传动比、高输出转矩,通常需要采用多级行星齿轮传动。
由于多级行星齿轮系统结构复杂,耦合因素较多,动力学建模非常复杂,针对多级行星齿轮动力学理论分析的深度和广度还很欠缺。相比于单级行星齿轮传动,多级行星齿轮系统的动力学行为更复杂,现有技术中,没有合适的分析方法能够抓住系统主要矛盾表征其动态耦合关系,以建立适用的多级行星齿轮动力学模型,并研究其动力表现。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种能够对多级行星齿轮进行动态特性分析的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:根据集中质量法分别建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型;
步骤S2:分析相邻两构件之间的相对位移关系和运动传递关系,基于Lagrange方程建立三级行星齿轮传动系统动力学方程;
步骤S3:基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级行星齿轮传动非线性动力学方程;
步骤S4:基于Runger-Kutta法分析三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性。
作为优选的一种技术方案,在所述步骤S1中根据集中质量法建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型的具体步骤如下:
步骤S11:建立与行星架固接的动坐标系,将广义坐标下各构件的位移、速度、加速度等运动量转换为动坐标下的速度、位移、加速度等运动量,矢量r在行星架动坐标中的分量为x
c,y
c,在固定坐标系中的分量分别为x
s,y
s,ω
c表示固接在行星架上动坐标系的转动角速度,则θ=ω
ct,依据图中几何关系,其关系表示为:
对上式进行一阶求导,得到广义坐标下速度的表达式:
对上式再求一阶导数,并进行参数代换,可得到广义坐标下加速度的表达式:
因此,在行星架随动坐标系中,可通过坐标变换获得行星轮系各构件在广义坐标系下的加速度表达。在行星轮系动力学分析模型种,太阳轮-行星轮-齿圈啮合存在于固定坐标系oij和旋转坐标系oξη。行星轮系各构件在固定坐标系中位置矢量表示为:
r
i=x
ii+y
ij,i=s,c,r,1,...,n
依据坐标变换,则可得到广义坐标下行星轮系各构件的加速度:
步骤S12:根据行星轮系各构件间的几何位置及运动关系,分析各构件的相对位移关系为:
太阳轮-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:
δ
sn=(x
n-x
s)sinψ
sn+(y
s-y
n)cosψ
sn+u
s+u
n
ψ
sn=ψ
n-α
s
式中,x
s、y
s、u
s分别为太阳轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;x
n、y
n、u
n分别为行星轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;ψ
n为行星轮位置角,α
s为太阳轮-行星轮啮合角。
内齿圈-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:
δ
rn=(x
n-x
r)sinψ
rn+(y
r-y
n)cosψ
rn+u
r-u
n
ψ
rn=ψ
n-α
r
式中,x
r、y
r、u
r分别为内齿圈在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;α
r为内齿圈-行星轮啮合角。
行星架-行星轮在x向、y向、行星架切向(u
c)相对位移:
x向:δ
cnx=x
c-x
n-u
ccosψ
n
y向:δ
cny=y
c-y
n+u
ccosψ
n
u
c向:δ
cnu=(x
n-x
c)sinψ
n+(y
c-y
n)cosψ
n+u
c
式中,x
c、y
c、u
c分别为行星架在x向、y向、切向线位移
步骤S13:建立行星轮系运动微分方程,其具体步骤如下:
太阳轮运动方程:
行星架运动方程:
齿圈运动方程:
第n个行星齿轮运动方程:
式中,m
i、I
i、r
i(i=s,c,r,1,...,n)为各构件质量、转动惯量和基圆半径(行星架为中心半径);k
i为各构件平动支撑刚度;k
sn、k
rn分别为太阳轮-行星轮、行星轮-齿圈的啮合刚度;k
st、k
ct、k
rt分别为太阳轮、行星架、齿圈的切向支撑刚度
作为优选的一种技术方案,在所述步骤S2建立三级传动系统动力学模型的具体步骤如下:步骤S21:分析三级行星轮系之间的耦合关系,即第一级行星架与第二级太阳轮、第一级内齿圈与第二级内齿圈第二级行星架与第三级太阳轮、第二级内齿圈与第三级内齿圈之间存在相互的作用力与力矩,得到其相对位移关系:
步骤S22:根据Lagrange方程,分别建立系统的动能、势能方程及三级行星齿轮传动系统的动力学模型,其表达式如下:
动能方程:
势能方程:
第一级行星架的动力学方程:
第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第一级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第二级行星架的动力学方程:
第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第三级行星架的动力学方程:
第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:
整理后得到矩阵形式的无阻尼系统动力学方程:
其中,各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I
c,I
r,I
s,I
p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m
p为行星轮质量,r
r,r
s,r
p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r
c为行星架的当量半径,u
c,u
r,u
s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u
n为第n个行星轮位移,k
sn,k
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α
s,α
r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角,且
δ
sn=u
s-u
ccosα
s+u
n
δ
rn=-u
ccosα
r-u
n
δ
sn、δ
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮及内齿圈沿啮合线方向的位移分量。
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的耦合相对位移;k
12,k
23为1-2级、2-3级间的耦合刚度,
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的联轴器半径,k
r为齿圈切向支撑刚度,T
r,T
c,T
s为齿圈、行星架和太阳轮的扭矩。
作为优选的一种技术方案,在所述步骤S3基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级齿轮传动系统动力学模型的建模具体步骤如下:
步骤S31:基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立的三级齿轮传动系统的动力学模型:
第一级行星架的动力学方程:
第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第一级i个行星轮的动力学方程:
第二级行星架的动力学方程:
第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第三级行星架的动力学方程:
第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:
系统振动微分方程组整理为矩阵形式:
上式中,M为当量质量矩阵,q为广义坐标矩阵,C为阻尼矩阵,K(t)为时变刚度矩阵,e(t)为静态传递误差矩阵,F为载荷矩阵。各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I
c,I
r,I
s,I
p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m
p为行星轮质量,r
r,r
s,r
p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r
c为行星架的当量半径,u
c,u
r,u
s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u
n为第n个行星轮位移,k
sn,k
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α
s,α
r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角。
步骤S32:计算时变啮合刚度,其计算公式为:
式中,T
m为啮合周期,γ
sn为第n个行星轮与第一个行星轮的相位(γ
s1=0),γ
sr为内外啮合的相位差,行星轮齿数分别为奇数和偶数时γ
sr分别取1/2和0,ε
r,ε
s分别为内外啮合重合度。
步骤S33:计算啮合相位,其计算公式为:
γ
sn=γ
rn=ψ
nZ
r/2π
其中,γ
sn为第n个行星齿轮的外啮合相位,γ
rn为第n个行星齿轮的内啮合相位,ψ
n为第n个行星齿轮与行星轮1的周向夹角,行星架逆时针旋转为+,顺时针旋转为-。
步骤S34:计算动态传递误差,其计算公式为:
式中,e
rn(t)、e
sn(t)分别为齿轮内外啮合传递误差,E
sn、E
rn分别为内外啮合齿距累积总偏差的幅值;
分别为内外啮合单齿对啮合切向偏差的幅值;ω
s、ω
m分别为太阳轮转频和啮合频率;
为内外啮合初相位;ψ
s为太阳轮回转初相位;
为内外相位差。
作为优选的一种技术方案,所述步骤S4基于Runger‐Kutta法求解三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性,具体方法如下:
四阶Runger-Kutta算法为:
对动力学方程:
将其转换为如下形式:
利用数值积分方法分析行星齿轮系统的动态响应。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果是:本发明提供的分析方法全面考虑时变啮合刚度和动态传递误差等非线性影响因素,将集中质量法、拉格朗日方程和Runger-Kutta法相结合, 应用于三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性求解,提高了多级行星齿轮传动系统的求解准确性和效率,对提高齿轮传动系统的啮合平稳性、承载能力和降低摩擦损耗具有重要意义。
图1是本发明一实施例提供的一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法的流程图;
图2是本发明一实施例提供的坐标变换示意图;
图3是本发明一实施例提供的行星轮系分析模型图;
图4是本发明一实施例提供的三级行星齿轮传动耦合关系图;
图5是本发明一实施例提供的三级传动系统结构简图;
图6是本发明一实施例提供的行星轮系扭转动力学模型图。
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照图1,实施例提供一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法:包括以下步骤:
S10:根据集中质量法分别建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型;
应当理解的是,行星齿轮系统结构比较复杂,单级行星齿轮传动系统由内齿圈、行星架、太阳轮、行星轮等构件组成,各构件间的相对运动和位置关系分析有一定难度。依据行星齿轮系统的复杂程度和具体的分析要求,在本实施例中直齿行星传动的动力学模型采用纯扭转模型。
具体的,步骤S101:建立行星齿轮随动坐标系;
行星齿轮动力学分析采用的广义坐标是与行星架固接的动坐标系,为在广义坐标下表示各构件位移、速度、加速度等运动量,则需进行坐标变换。参照图2,图2为坐标变换示意图,矢量r在行星架动坐标中的分量为x
c,y
c,在固定坐标系中的分量分别为x
s,y
s,ω
c表示固接在行星架上动坐标系的转动角速度,则θ=ω
ct,依据图中几何关系,可获得如下关系式:
对上式进行一阶求导,得到广义坐标下速度的表达式:
对上式再求一阶导数,并进行参数代换,可得到广义坐标下加速度的表达式:
因此,在行星架随动坐标系中,可通过坐标变换获得行星轮系各构件在广义坐标系下的加速度表达。
参照图3,图3为行星轮系动力学分析模型,太阳轮-行星轮-齿圈啮合存在于固定坐标系oij和旋转坐标系oξη。行星轮系各构件在固定坐标系中位置矢量表示为:
r
i=x
ii+y
ij,i=s,c,r,1,...,n
依据坐标变换,则可得到广义坐标下行星轮系各构件的加速度:
步骤S102:行星轮系各构件相对位移分析
分析各构件的相对位移关系,是为确定各构件间的弹性力,也是建立各构件运动方程的前提。具体的,各构件间的相对位移如下:
太阳轮-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:
δ
sn=(x
n-x
s)sinψ
sn+(y
s-y
n)cosψ
sn+u
s+u
n
ψ
sn=ψ
n-α
s
式中,x
s、y
s、u
s分别为太阳轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;x
n、y
n、u
n分别为行星轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;ψ
n为行星轮位置角,α
s为太阳轮-行星轮啮合角。
内齿圈-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:
δ
rn=(x
n-x
r)sinψ
rn+(y
r-y
n)cosψ
rn+u
r-u
n
ψ
rn=ψ
n-α
r
式中,x
r、y
r、u
r分别为内齿圈在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;α
r为内齿圈-行星轮啮合角。
行星架-行星轮在x向、y向、行星架切向(u
c)相对位移:
x向:δ
cnx=x
c-x
n-u
ccosψ
n
y向:δ
cny=y
c-y
n+u
ccosψ
n
u
c向:δ
cnu=(x
n-x
c)sinψ
n+(y
c-y
n)cosψ
n+u
c
式中,x
c、y
c、u
c分别为行星架在x向、y向、切向线位移
步骤S103:建立行星轮系运动微分方程
太阳轮运动方程:
行星架运动方程:
齿圈运动方程:
第n个行星齿轮运动方程:
式中,m
i、I
i、r
i(i=s,c,r,1,...,n)为各构件质量、转动惯量和基圆半径(行星架为中心半径);k
i为各构件平动支撑刚度;k
sn、k
rn分别为太阳轮-行星轮、行星轮-齿圈的啮合刚度;k
st、k
ct、k
rt分别为太阳轮、行星架、齿圈的切向支撑刚度。
表达为矩阵形式:
式中,M为系统广义质量矩阵,K
b为支承刚度矩阵,K
m为齿轮啮合刚度矩阵,q为系统广义坐标列阵,如下表示:
q=(x
s,y
s,u
s,x
c,y
c,u
c,x
r,y
r,u
r,x
1,y
1,u
1,...x
N,y
N,u
N)
G
ω、K
ω为加速度引起的陀螺矩阵和斜对角线矩阵;当行星架转速不是很高时,G
ω、K
ω相对其他参数矩阵较小,可以忽略不计。
S20:建立三级行星齿轮传动系统扭转动力学模型
对齿轮传动系统动力学模型构建集中参数模型:将模型离散化,将齿轮传动系统的各构件进行质量集中,并将各构件间的作用关系转化为弹性力,运用力学思想,将原有模型转化为相对比较简单便于计算的离散的质量弹簧振动系统。对于三级行星齿轮系统,前级行星架 与后级太阳轮的联接可采用扭转弹簧来表示。因此,多级行星轮系扭转动力学模型的建立可以在单级行星轮系扭转动力学模型的基础上,采用级间耦合的方法得到,如图4所示。
步骤S201:相对位移关系分析
为准确分析三级行星齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,必须考虑三级行星轮系之间的耦合关系,即第一级行星架与第二级太阳轮、第一级内齿圈与第二级内齿圈第二级行星架与第三级太阳轮、第二级内齿圈与第三级内齿圈之间存在相互的作用力与力矩。
根据级间耦合关系可得以下相对位移关系:
步骤S202:三级行星齿轮传动系统扭转动力学模型建立
为简化问题,建立三级行星齿轮传动系统,做出以下假设:
1.行星轮系的齿轮本体为刚体;
2.啮合齿轮见的弹性用弹簧表示,忽略阻尼;
3.忽略啮合齿面间摩擦力的影响;
4.各级齿圈为刚性支撑。
对于三级行星齿轮传动系统,考虑各级齿圈本体为刚体且为刚性支撑时,计算求解时可设其响应为0或去除相应的运动方程,则可建立其齿轮传动系统振动微分方程组如下。
第一级行星架的动力学方程:
第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第一级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第二级行星架的动力学方程:
第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第三级行星架的动力学方程:
第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:
整理后得到矩阵形式的无阻尼系统动力学方程:
其中,M为当量质量矩阵,M=diag(M
1,M
2,M
3);x为广义坐标列阵,x=[x
Ι,x
Ⅱ,x
Ⅲ];F为载荷列阵,F=[F
Ι,F
Ⅱ,F
Ⅲ]。
k
13为6行7列零矩阵;
k
31为7行6列零矩阵;
各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I
c,I
r,I
s,I
p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m
p为行星轮质量,r
r,r
s,r
p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r
c为行星架的当量半径,u
c,u
r,u
s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u
n为第n个行星轮位移,k
sn,k
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α
s,α
r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角,且
δ
sn=u
s-u
ccosα
s+u
n
δ
rn=-u
ccosα
r-u
n
δ
sn、δ
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮及内齿圈沿啮合线方向的位移分量。
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的耦合相对位移;k
12,k
23为1-2级、2-3级间的耦合刚度,
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的联轴器半径,k
r为齿圈切向支撑刚度,T
r,T
c,T
s为齿圈、行星架和太阳轮的扭矩。
S30:基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级行星齿轮传动系统非线性动力学方程;
步骤S301:动力学方程建模
根据齿轮误差分析,将齿轮传递误差近似成轴频和齿频叠加的谐波函数,同时采用梯形波表示齿轮啮合刚度的时变特征。在此基础上,根据三级行星齿轮系统啮合相位关系,确定各齿轮啮合的时变刚度和传递误差,并运用集中参数法,基于Lagrange方程建立三级行星齿轮系统动力学模型。
三级传动系统结构简图如图5所示,对于直齿行星传动系统,不考虑系统各构件的平移自由度,其扭转动力学分析模型如图6所示,该模型中考虑了误差、时变刚度。为使问题合理简化,在建立行星齿轮传动系统的扭转动力学模型时作出如下假设:
1.齿轮本体及行星架为刚体;
2.齿轮啮合弹性用弹簧表示;
3.各行星轮参数相同,圆周等距分布;
4.忽略齿面啮合摩擦力的影响;
5.各级齿圈为刚性支撑
6.系统阻尼为线性粘性阻尼。
对于多自由度系统,运用Lagrange方程建立动力学模型:
L=T-U
根据Lagrange方程:
第一级行星架的动力学方程:
第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第一级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第二级行星架的动力学方程:
第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:
第三级行星架的动力学方程:
第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:
第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:
第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:
系统振动微分方程组整理为矩阵形式:
上式中,M为当量质量矩阵,q为广义坐标矩阵,C为阻尼矩阵,K(t)为时变刚度矩阵,e(t)为静态传递误差矩阵,F为载荷矩阵。各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I
c,I
r,I
s,I
p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m
p为行星轮质量,r
r,r
s,r
p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r
c为行星架的当量半径,u
c,u
r,u
s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u
n为第n个行星轮位移,k
sn,k
rn分别为第n个 行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α
s,α
r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角,且
δ
sn=u
s-u
ccosα
s+u
n+e
sn(t)
δ
rn=-u
ccosα
r-u
n+e
rn(t)
e
sn(t)、e
rn(t)和δ
sn、δ
rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮及内齿圈沿啮合线方向的传递误差和位移分量。
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的耦合相对位移;k
12,k
23为1-2级、2-3级间的耦合刚度,
分别为1-2级,2-3级间的联轴器半径,k
r为齿圈切向支撑刚度,T
r,T
c,T
s为齿圈、行星架和太阳轮的扭矩。
步骤S302:确定啮合相位关系
行星齿轮啮合相位关系可由齿轮齿数和行星轮位置确定。如图4所示,当行星架逆时针转动角度ψ时,行星轮1运行到行星轮2的位置,各齿轮间完成的啮合次数为ψZ
r/2π,由此行星轮啮合相位关系为:
γ
sn=γ
rn=ψ
nZ
r/2π
其中,γ
sn为第n个行星齿轮的外啮合相位,γ
rn为第n个行星齿轮的内啮合相位,ψ
n为第n个行星齿轮与行星轮1的周向夹角,行星架逆时针旋转为+,顺时针旋转为-。
步骤S303:计算啮合刚度
啮合刚度的时变特征采用梯形波来表示,运用数值方法求解可得到梯形波时变刚度系统的动态响应。当行星轮齿数为偶数时,内外啮合刚度时变相位认为时相同的;当行星轮齿数为奇数时,则外啮合刚度时变相位相差半个啮合周期。各行星齿轮内外啮合时变刚度为:
k
sn(t)=k
s1(t-γ
snT
m)
k
rn(t)=k
r1(t-(γ
sn+γ
sr)T
m)
式中,T
m为啮合周期,γ
sn为第n个行星轮与第一个行星轮的相位(γ
s1=0),γ
sr为内外啮合的相位差,行星轮齿数分别为奇数和偶数时γ
sr分别取1/2和0,ε
r,ε
s分别为内外啮合重合度。
步骤S304:误差分析
误差激励是齿轮系统中主要的内部激励因素之一,齿轮加工和装配存在误差,齿轮啮合就会偏离理论的理想位置。由于误差的时变行,这种偏离就形成了啮合过程中的一种位移型激励。齿轮的误差可分为齿廓误差和齿距误差,齿轮切向总偏差为齿距累计总偏差和单齿切向偏差之和。齿轮公差通过齿轮手册确定。
研究齿轮扭转动力学可忽略齿轮径向误差,则齿轮静态传递误差为齿轮切向总偏差,齿轮传递误差时时变性可近似成轴频和齿频谐波函数的叠加:
式中,e
rn(t)、e
sn(t)分别为齿轮内外啮合传递误差,E
sn、E
rn分别为内外啮合齿距累积总偏差的幅值;
分别为内外啮合单齿对啮合切向偏差的幅值;ω
s、ω
m分别为太阳轮转频和啮合频率;
为内外啮合初相位;ψ
s为太阳轮回转初相位;
为内外相位差。
S40:基于Runger-Kutta法求解三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性;
Runger-Kutta法的基本思想是利用某点处的值的线性组合构造公式,使其按照泰勒公式展开后,与初值问题解的泰勒展开式比较,有尽可能多的项完全相同,以确定其中的参数,从而保证算式的较高精度,其四阶Runger-Kutta算法如下:
本发明中建立的三级串联行星齿轮系统动力学微分方程属于含有时变参量的二阶非线性微分方程,必须在求解钱对时变参量求解和对方程进行降价处理,化为一阶导数的标准常微分方程初值问题。
对动力学方程:
将其转换为如下形式:
利用数值积分方法求解行星齿轮系统的动态响应。在本实施例中,利用Matlab中的4-5阶Runge-Kutta变步长数值积分法,直接调用ode45函数求解微分方程组,具有较高的计算精度。
另外,本发明实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质,其中,该计算机可读存储介质可存储有程序,该程序执行时包括上述方法实施例中记载的任何多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法的部分或全部步骤。
另外,在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储器中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储器中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可为个人计算机、服务器或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储器包括:U盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read‐Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、移动硬盘、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解上述实施例的各种方法中的全部或部分步骤是可以通过程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,该程序可以存储于一计算机可读存储器中,存储器可以包括:闪存盘、只读存储器(英文:Read-Only Memory,简称:ROM)、随机存取器(英文:Random Access Memory,简称:RAM)、磁盘或光盘等。
以上参照附图描述了根据本发明的实施例的用于实现分析多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的示例性流程图。应指出的是,以上描述中包括的大量细节仅是对本发明的示例性说明,而不是对本发明的限制。在本发明的其他实施例中,该方法可具有更多、更少或不同的步骤,且各步骤之间的顺序、包含、功能等关系可以与所描述和图示的不同。
Claims (6)
- 一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:步骤S1:根据集中质量法分别建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型;步骤S2:分析相邻两构件之间的相对位移关系和运动传递关系,基于Lagrange方程建立三级行星齿轮传动系统动力学方程;步骤S3:基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级行星齿轮传动非线性动力学方程;步骤S4:基于Runger-Kutta法分析三级行星齿轮传动系统动态特性。
- 根据权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中根据集中质量法建立单级直齿轮传动系统非线性动力学模型的具体步骤如下:步骤S11:建立与行星架固接的动坐标系,将广义坐标下各构件的位移、速度、加速度等运动量转换为动坐标下的速度、位移、加速度等运动量,矢量r在行星架动坐标中的分量为x c,y c,在固定坐标系中的分量分别为x s,y s,ω c表示固接在行星架上动坐标系的转动角速度,则θ=ω ct,其关系表示为:对上式进行一阶求导,得到广义坐标下速度的表达式:对上式再求一阶导数,并进行参数代换,可得到广义坐标下加速度的表达式:因此,在行星架随动坐标系中,可通过坐标变换获得行星轮系各构件在广义坐标系下的加速度表达。在行星轮系动力学分析模型种,太阳轮-行星轮-齿圈啮合存在于固定坐标系oij和旋转坐标系oξη;行星轮系各构件在固定坐标系中位置矢量表示为:r i=x ii+y ij,i=s,c,r,1,...,n依据坐标变换,则可得到广义坐标下行星轮系各构件的加速度:步骤S12:根据行星轮系各构件间的几何位置及运动关系,分析各构件的相对位移关系为:太阳轮-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:δ sn=(x n-x s)sinψ sn+(y s-y n)cosψ sn+u s+u nψ sn=ψ n-α s式中,x s、y s、u s分别为太阳轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;x n、y n、u n分别为行星轮在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;ψ n为行星轮位置角,α s为太阳轮-行星轮啮合角;内齿圈-行星轮在啮合线方向的相对位移:δ rn=(x n-x r)sinψ rn+(y r-y n)cosψ rn+u r-u nψ rn=ψ n-α r式中,x r、y r、u r分别为内齿圈在x向、y向、啮合线方向线位移;α r为内齿圈-行星轮啮合角;行星架-行星轮在x向、y向、行星架切向(u c)相对位移:x向:δ cnx=x c-x n-u ccosψ ny向:δ cny=y c-y n+u ccosψ nu c向:δ cnu=(x n-x c)sinψ n+(y c-y n)cosψ n+u c式中,x c、y c、u c分别为行星架在x向、y向、切向线位移步骤S13:建立行星轮系运动微分方程,其具体步骤如下:太阳轮运动方程:行星架运动方程:齿圈运动方程:第n个行星齿轮运动方程:式中,m i、I i、r i(i=s,c,r,1,...,n)为各构件质量、转动惯量和基圆半径;k i为各构件平动支撑刚度;k sn、k rn分别为太阳轮-行星轮、行星轮-齿圈的啮合刚度;k st、k ct、k rt分别为太阳轮、行星架、齿圈的切向支撑刚度。
- 根据权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2建立三级传动系统动力学模型的具体步骤如下:步骤S21:分析三级行星轮系之间的耦合关系,即第一级行星架与第二级太阳轮、第一级内齿圈与第二级内齿圈第二级行星架与第三级太阳轮、第二级内齿圈与第三级内齿圈之间存在相互的作用力与力矩,得到其相对位移关系:步骤S22:根据Lagrange方程,分别建立系统的动能、势能方程及三级行星齿轮传动系统的动力学模型,其表达式如下:动能方程:势能方程:第一级行星架的动力学方程:第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:第一级n个行星轮的动力学方程:第二级行星架的动力学方程:第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:第三级行星架的动力学方程:第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:整理后得到矩阵形式的无阻尼系统动力学方程:其中,各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I c,I r,I s,I p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m p为行星轮质量,r r,r s,r p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r c为行星架的当量半径,u c,u r,u s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u n为第n个行星轮位移,k sn,k rn分别为第n个行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α s,α r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角,且δ sn=u s-u ccosα s+u nδ rn=-u ccosα r-u n
- 根据权利要求1所述的分析方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立三级齿轮传动系统动力学模型的建模具体步骤如下:步骤S31:基于时变啮合刚度、动态传递误差、啮合相位建立的三级齿轮传动系统的动力学模型:第一级行星架的动力学方程:第一级内齿圈的动力学方程:第一级太阳轮的动力学方程:第一级n个行星轮的动力学方程:第二级行星架的动力学方程:第二级内齿圈的动力学方程:第二级太阳轮的动力学方程:第二级n个行星轮的动力学方程:第三级行星架的动力学方程:第三级内齿圈的动力学方程:第三级太阳轮的动力学方程:第三级第n个行星轮的动力学方程:系统振动微分方程组整理为矩阵形式:上式中,M为当量质量矩阵,q为广义坐标矩阵,C为阻尼矩阵,K(t)为时变刚度矩阵,e(t)为静态传递误差矩阵,F为载荷矩阵。各参量的上标Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别为三级行星轮系的第1级、第2级和第3级;I c,I r,I s,I p分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的转动惯量,m p为行星轮质量,r r,r s,r p分别为齿圈、太阳轮和行星轮的基圆半径,r c为行星架的当量半径,u c,u r,u s分别为行星架、齿圈、太阳轮的位移,u n为第n个行星轮位移,k sn,k rn分别为第n个 行星轮与太阳轮、内齿圈的啮合刚度,α s,α r分别为太阳轮与行星轮、内齿圈与行星轮的啮合角。步骤S32:计算时变啮合刚度,其计算公式为:式中,T m为啮合周期,γ sn为第n个行星轮与第一个行星轮的相位(γ s1=0),γ sr为内外啮合的相位差,行星轮齿数分别为奇数和偶数时γ sr分别取1/2和0,ε r,ε s分别为内外啮合重合度;步骤S33:计算啮合相位,其计算公式为:γ sn=γ rn=ψ nZ r/2π其中,γ sn为第n个行星齿轮的外啮合相位,γ rn为第n个行星齿轮的内啮合相位,ψ n为第n个行星齿轮与行星轮1的周向夹角,行星架逆时针旋转为+,顺时针旋转为-;步骤S34:计算动态传递误差,其计算公式为:
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于,包括:所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至5任一项所述的一种多级行星齿轮结构动态特性的分析方法的步骤。
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