WO2023042975A1 - 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템 및 방법 - Google Patents
선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023042975A1 WO2023042975A1 PCT/KR2021/019887 KR2021019887W WO2023042975A1 WO 2023042975 A1 WO2023042975 A1 WO 2023042975A1 KR 2021019887 W KR2021019887 W KR 2021019887W WO 2023042975 A1 WO2023042975 A1 WO 2023042975A1
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- boil
- compressor
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 263
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000809 air pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100001243 air pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N2CN(N=O)CN1CN(N=O)C2 MWRWFPQBGSZWNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940112112 capex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N fluocinolone acetonide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@H]3OC(C)(C)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O FEBLZLNTKCEFIT-VSXGLTOVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/38—Apparatus or methods specially adapted for use on marine vessels, for handling power plant or unit liquids, e.g. lubricants, coolants, fuels or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
- F02M25/08—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding fuel vapours drawn from engine fuel reservoir
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B17/00—Vessels parts, details, or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- B63B17/0027—Tanks for fuel or the like ; Accessories therefor, e.g. tank filler caps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system and method for treating evaporation gas of a ship, and more particularly, in a ship equipped with a propulsion engine and a power generation engine supplied with low-pressure fuel than the propulsion engine, evaporation gas generated from liquefied gas stored in an onboard storage tank ( It relates to a system and method for treating boil-off gas of a ship that supplies BOG (boil-off gas) as engine fuel and re-liquefies boil-off gas that is not supplied as fuel and recovers it to a storage tank.
- BOG blow-off gas
- liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas (LNG)
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- liquefied gas obtained by liquefying gas at a low temperature has a very small volume compared to gas, it has the advantage of increasing storage and transfer efficiency.
- liquefied gas including liquefied natural gas, can remove or reduce air pollutants during the liquefaction process, so it can be seen as an eco-friendly fuel with less air pollutant emissions during combustion.
- Liquefied natural gas is a colorless and transparent liquid obtained by liquefying natural gas whose main component is methane by cooling it to about -163 ° C, and has a volume of about 1/600 compared to natural gas. Therefore, when the natural gas is liquefied and transported, it can be transported very efficiently.
- Evaporation gas is a kind of loss and is an important problem in transportation efficiency.
- the internal pressure of the tank may excessively rise, and in severe cases, there is a risk of damage to the tank. Therefore, various methods for treating the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank have been studied. Recently, for the treatment of boil-off gas, a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas and returning it to the storage tank, a method of re-liquefying the boil-off gas and returning the boil-off gas to fuel such as a ship's engine A method of using it as an energy source for the demand side is being used.
- engines that can use natural gas as fuel include gas fuel engines such as DFDE, X-DF engines, and ME-GI engines.
- DFDE is composed of 4 strokes, and adopts an Otto Cycle in which natural gas having a relatively low pressure of about 5.5 barg is injected into the combustion air inlet and compressed while the piston rises.
- the X-DF engine is composed of two strokes, uses about 15 barg of natural gas as fuel, and adopts an Otto cycle.
- the ME-GI engine consists of two strokes and adopts a diesel cycle in which high-pressure natural gas of around 300 barg is directly injected into the combustion chamber near the top dead center of the piston.
- the present applicant uses the boil-off gas itself as a refrigerant without a separate refrigerant to re-liquefy the boil-off gas.
- a PRS Partial Re-liquefaction System
- MRS Methane Refrigeration System
- a mixed refrigerant or a separate refrigerant such as nitrogen may be used to cool the boil-off gas to be re-liquefied.
- a compressor for supplying fuel to the engine can be used to re-liquefy the boil-off gas.
- the boil-off gas compressed to high pressure is supplied as engine fuel through fuel supply compressors 10A and 10B, and as fuel
- the compressed gas that is not supplied is cooled by the cooling heat of the boil-off gas in the heat exchanger (20), and then the reduced pressure (30), gas-liquid separation (40), and a boil-off gas treatment system are schematically shown.
- the compressors 10A and 10B provided for fuel supply are provided in accordance with the fuel supply conditions required by the engine, and two compressors are provided in response to a request for additional redundancy compressors from the classification society in preparation for compressor failure.
- both compressors may be operated.
- energy efficiency is low due to high electricity consumption for driving all of them, and the cost for installing two high-pressure compressors is also high.
- the present invention is to solve this problem and propose a method capable of treating boil-off gas generated from liquefied gas by reducing installation and operating costs while increasing re-liquefaction efficiency.
- the first compressor for receiving and compressing the boil-off gas generated from the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank of the ship;
- a second compressor for receiving and compressing the boil-off gas from the storage tank
- a refrigerant circulation line through which the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger circulates
- the first compressor is a multi-stage compressor that compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the inboard propulsion engine through a plurality of compressors, and the second compressor compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine supplied with fuel at a lower pressure than the propulsion engine. to compress,
- the boil-off gas compressed through some stages of the first compressor is supplied to the heat exchanger to be cooled or supplied to the power generation engine.
- the refrigerant circulation line includes a refrigerant compression unit for receiving and compressing the refrigerant discharged after heat exchange in the heat exchanger; and a refrigerant expansion unit configured to receive the refrigerant that has been compressed by the refrigerant compression unit and then passed through the heat exchanger, expand and cool, and supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger.
- a refrigerant compression unit for receiving and compressing the refrigerant discharged after heat exchange in the heat exchanger
- a refrigerant expansion unit configured to receive the refrigerant that has been compressed by the refrigerant compression unit and then passed through the heat exchanger, expand and cool, and supply the refrigerant to the heat exchanger.
- a boil-off gas supply line for supplying boil-off gas from the storage tank to the first compressor or the second compressor via the heat exchanger; a first fuel supply line connected to the propulsion engine downstream of the first compressor; a re-liquefaction line for cooling the boil-off gas compressed through a part of the first compressor or the second compressor through the heat exchanger and returning it to the storage tank; and a second fuel supply line for supplying boil-off gas compressed through a part of the first compressor or the second compressor to the power generation engine.
- a branch line branched off from the boil-off gas supply line to bypass the heat exchanger and supply boil-off gas to the first compressor or the second compressor;
- a pre-heater provided in the branch line to heat the boil-off gas, and when the re-liquefaction system is not operated or the load of the re-liquefaction system is low, all or part of the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank Bypassing the heat exchanger, it may be heated in the preheater through the branch line and introduced to the first or second compressor.
- a pressure reducing device for receiving the compressed gas cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger and reducing the pressure; and a gas-liquid separator for gas-liquid separation by receiving the reduced boil-off gas from the pressure reducing device, wherein the flash gas separated in the gas-liquid separator joins the uncompressed boil-off gas stream at the front end of the heat exchanger, and the gas-liquid separator
- the liquefied gas separated from may be recovered to the storage tank.
- a liquefied gas supply line for supplying the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank as fuel for the propulsion engine; a compression pump provided in the liquefied gas supply line and pressurizing the liquefied gas to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine; And a vaporizer for heating the liquefied gas pressurized by the compression pump: may further include.
- a liquefied gas branch line branched from the liquefied gas supply line downstream of the vaporizer and connected to the power generation engine; a pressure control valve provided in the liquefied gas branch line and adjusting the pressure of the liquefied gas according to the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine; and a heater provided in the liquefied gas branch line and additionally heating the liquefied gas passing through the pressure control valve according to the fuel supply temperature of the power generation engine.
- a first compressor is driven to compress the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank with the first compressor, supply it to the propulsion engine and power generation engine, and cool the surplus compressed gas in the heat exchanger
- the second compressor is driven, the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is compressed by the second compressor, supplied to the power generation engine, and the surplus compressed gas is cooled by the heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation line may be nitrogen.
- the boil-off gas generated from the liquefied gas stored in the storage tank is compressed by a first compressor or a second compressor, and the compressed gas that is not supplied as fuel for the propulsion engine and the power generation engine is supplied with a refrigerant circulating along a refrigerant circulation line. Re-liquefy by cooling by heat exchange in a heat exchanger,
- the first compressor is a multi-stage compressor that compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine through a plurality of compressors, and the second compressor compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine,
- the boil-off gas compressed through some stages of the first compressor is supplied to the heat exchanger to be cooled or supplied to the power generation engine.
- a first compressor is driven to compress the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank with the first compressor, supply it to the propulsion engine and power generation engine, and cool the surplus compressed gas in the heat exchanger
- the second compressor is driven, the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is compressed by the second compressor, supplied to the power generation engine, and the surplus compressed gas is cooled by the heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation line is compressed in a refrigerant compression unit, cooled through the heat exchanger, expanded and cooled in a refrigerant expansion unit, and supplied as a cold heat source to the heat exchanger, and the refrigerant compression unit is supplied to the refrigerant expansion unit. connected to, it is possible to compress the refrigerant by receiving expansion energy of the refrigerant from the refrigerant expansion unit.
- a first compressor for compressing the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine and a first compressor for compressing the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine.
- 2 Compressors are provided, and the boil-off gas compressed through some stages of the first compressor is supplied to the heat exchanger so that it can be cooled or supplied to the power generation engine.
- the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger is increased by using the cooling heat of the boil-off gas itself and the cooling heat of the refrigerant cycle to increase the re-liquefaction rate without additional equipment such as a boost compressor. Therefore, the load of the refrigerant cycle can be adjusted accordingly, reducing fuel consumption.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an example of a conventional boil-off gas treatment system.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an evaporation gas treatment system according to a basic embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 3 schematically shows an evaporation gas treatment system according to an extended embodiment of the present invention.
- the liquefied gas can include all types of liquefied gas that can be transported by liquefying the gas at a low temperature, generate boil-off gas in a stored state, and can be used as a fuel for engines and the like.
- These liquefied gases are, for example, liquefied petrochemicals such as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), LEG (Liquefied Ethane Gas), LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), liquefied ethylene gas, and liquefied propylene gas. may be gas.
- LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
- LEG Liquefied Ethane Gas
- LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas
- liquefied ethylene gas liquefied ethylene gas
- propylene gas liquefied propylene gas
- the fluid flowing through each line of the present embodiments may be in any one of a liquid state, a gas-liquid mixture state, a gas state, and a supercritical fluid state according to operating conditions of the system.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a boil-off gas treatment system of a ship according to a basic embodiment of the present invention.
- a gas supply line (GL) is connected from the storage tank (T) to the compressors (100a, 100b) via a heat exchanger, and a re-liquefaction line (RL) for re-liquefying the boil-off gas at the rear end of the compressor and supplying it to the storage tank is each is provided.
- a refrigerant circulation line in which the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger 200 circulates is provided.
- the refrigerant circulation line has a refrigerant expansion unit 310 in which the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger is expanded and cooled, and after heat exchange in the heat exchanger.
- a refrigerant compression unit 320 for compressing the discharged refrigerant is provided.
- the refrigerant compression unit 320 is provided as a compander compressor and is axially connected to the refrigerant expansion unit 310 to receive expansion energy of the refrigerant and drive the compander compressor.
- the refrigerant compression unit may be driven by a motor, and the motor may be connected to the refrigerant expansion unit 310 to receive expansion energy of the refrigerant and compress the refrigerant while the motor is driven.
- the refrigerant compressed in the refrigerant compression unit 320 is introduced into the heat exchanger 200, cooled, supplied to the refrigerant expansion unit 310 along the refrigerant circulation line NL, expanded and cooled, and returned to the heat exchanger 200. supplied as a refrigerant.
- all or part of the compressed boil-off gas, the uncompressed boil-off gas to be introduced into the compressor, the refrigerant expanded and cooled in the refrigerant expansion unit, and the refrigerant compressed in the refrigerant compression unit are four The branch streams exchange heat.
- the refrigerant supplied to the heat exchanger while circulating in the refrigerant circulation line NL for example, nitrogen (N 2 ) may be used.
- nitrogen (N 2 ) may be used.
- the main component is methane to cool the boil-off gas to the liquefaction temperature.
- the cryogenic uncompressed boil-off gas generated from the storage tank is configured to be introduced to the compressor through the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the refrigerant flow rate required in the refrigerant cycle, and accordingly, a device for compressing and expanding the refrigerant. Reduces capacity and power consumption, reducing installation and operating costs.
- the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank T is introduced into the compressors 100a and 100b via the heat exchanger 200 .
- Compressors (100a, 100b) to compress the boil-off gas can compress the boil-off gas to the fuel supply pressure of the engine of the ship.
- the compressor evaporates with the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine.
- the gas may be compressed to supply fuel to the power generation engine E2, and residual boil-off gas remaining after fuel supply may be re-liquefied.
- the compressor can compress the boil-off gas to 5 to 10 bara, for example, if a DF GE engine is provided.
- the compressor According to ship regulations, a compressor that supplies fuel with an engine must be designed for redundancy in case of an emergency. This means that it is designed to be usable.
- the compressor is composed of a main compressor (100a) and a redundancy compressor (100b), and in normal operation, the main compressor, that is, one compressor is operated to supply fuel to the power generation engine from it, and the remaining amount of compressed gas is supplied to the re-liquefaction line ( RL) to re-liquefy.
- Fuel supply to the propulsion engine is a compression pump 600 that pumps liquefied gas from a storage tank and pressurizes it to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine along the liquefied gas supply line, and a vaporizer that heats the pressurized liquefied gas according to the fuel supply temperature. It can be supplied to the propulsion engine through (610).
- the boil-off gas compressed by the compressor is introduced into the heat exchanger 200 along the reliquefaction line RL and cooled.
- the boil-off gas to be compressed and re-liquefied and the refrigerant compressed in the refrigerant compression unit form a hot stream of the heat exchanger, and the uncompressed boil-off gas and the refrigerant cooled by expansion in the refrigerant expansion unit form a cold stream.
- the heat exchanger 200 four streams are heat-exchanged, and the hot stream is cooled by heat exchange with the cold stream.
- the heat exchanger may be provided with, for example, a brazed aluminum heat exchanger (BAHE).
- BAHE brazed aluminum heat exchanger
- each stream in the heat exchanger may be different so that the heat exchange between the hot stream and the cold stream is more effective and the compressed gas to be re-liquefied is cooled.
- the nitrogen refrigerant introduced into the heat exchanger after expansion cooling in the cold stream of the heat exchanger has a temperature of around -167 °C, for example, if the pressure is around 10 bar, and is higher than the uncompressed evaporation gas around -50 °C, which is another cold stream of the heat exchanger.
- the temperature is low. Therefore, when introduced together in the heat exchanger, all of the cold heat of the nitrogen refrigerant cannot be used to cool the compressed gas to be re-liquefied, and some of the cold heat can be absorbed by other flows. It is introduced downstream so that it passes through all of the heat exchanger, and the uncompressed boil-off gas flow (GL) having a high temperature in the cold stream is introduced into the middle part of the heat exchanger.
- GL uncompressed boil-off gas flow
- the compressed gas of the re-liquefaction line passes through the high-temperature region of the heat exchanger and the low-temperature region and is sequentially cooled. is supplied and cooled, and in the low-temperature region, it is sequentially cooled by exchanging heat with one cold stream and the refrigerant of the refrigerant circulation line immediately after being introduced into the heat exchanger.
- the compressed gas to be re-liquefied can be cooled more effectively to increase the re-liquefaction rate, and damage to the device can be prevented by preventing thermal fatigue of the heat exchanger.
- the boil-off gas cooled by heat exchange in the heat exchanger is introduced into the decompression device 400 of the reliquefaction line and reduced in pressure, and the boil-off gas reduced in the decompression device is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 500.
- the decompression device 400 may be composed of an expander that depressurizes the compressed and cooled boil-off gas or an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve. Through decompression, the evaporation gas is cooled by adiabatic expansion or isentropic expansion.
- the evaporation gas depressurized and additionally cooled in the pressure reducing device is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 500, and the liquid separated in the gas-liquid separator is supplied to the storage tank T along the reliquefaction line RL and stored again.
- flash gas (a gas) and liquefied gas (a liquid) may not be phase-separated 100% even though the gas-liquid separator passes through the gas-liquid separator in the present embodiments, the separated liquid or liquefied gas may include unseparated flash gas.
- the flash gas separated in the gas-liquid separator may be supplied from the top of the gas-liquid separator to the flow of uncompressed evaporation gas in front of the heat exchanger and the heater, and may be introduced into the compressor via the heat exchanger or the heater.
- the system of this embodiment increases the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger by using the cooling heat of the boil-off gas itself and the cooling heat of the refrigerant cycle, so as to increase the re-liquefaction rate.
- CAPEX and OPEX can be saved because it can be installed and operated.
- boil-off gas generated in the storage tank (T) is discharged from the storage tank at a cryogenic temperature in the range of -140 ° C to -100 ° C depending on the tank operation, the type of compressor provided for engine fuel supply Depending on the method, the evaporation gas introduced may be required to be within a certain temperature range.
- the compressor for fuel supply to the engine may be installed as a room temperature compressor.
- the load of the re-liquefaction system exceeds a certain range, the low-temperature boil-off gas generated in the storage tank It can be sufficiently heated and introduced into the compressor as it passes through the heat exchanger and exchanges heat.
- the boil-off gas will pass through the heat exchanger and be introduced into the compressor. is not sufficiently heated to the proper input temperature required by
- a branch line (BL) that can be directly introduced into the compressors (100a, 100b) bypassing the heat exchanger 200 in the storage tank (T) is provided, and evaporation is performed on the branch line.
- a pre-heater 700 capable of heating gas was provided.
- the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank (T) is heated by heat exchange through the heat exchanger 200 and introduced into the compressors 100a and 100b, but the re-liquefaction system is not operated or the re-liquefaction system is loaded
- all or part of the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank may bypass the heat exchanger and be heated in the preheater 700 through the branch line BL and introduced into the compressors 100a and 100b.
- the boil-off gas is compressed by a low-pressure compressor for fuel supply to the power generation engine, fuel is supplied to the power generation engine, the surplus compressed gas is re-liquefied, and the liquefied gas in the storage tank is heated by a pump in the propulsion engine, and the vaporizer is supplied with fuel through
- evaporation gas is not supplied as fuel to the propulsion engine even when the ship's speed is high and the fuel consumption of the ship's engine is high. Since the liquefied liquefied gas is compressed and vaporized again through the compression pump 600 and the vaporizer 610 to supply the fuel to the propulsion engine, there is a problem in that energy efficiency is lowered.
- An extended embodiment to be described later is designed to solve this problem and increase energy efficiency.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a boil-off gas treatment system according to an extended embodiment of the present invention.
- a description of components common to the above-described basic embodiment will be omitted, and will be described focusing on differences from the basic embodiment.
- the first compressor (100A) is composed of a multi-stage compressor that compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the inboard propulsion engine (E1) through a plurality of compressors, and the second compressor (100B) has a lower pressure than the propulsion engine. It consists of a compressor that compresses the boil-off gas up to the fuel supply pressure of the power generation engine (E2) receiving fuel, and the second compressor forming redundancy with the first compressor has a different compressible pressure.
- the first compressor (100A) compresses the boil-off gas through a plurality of compressors and an intermediate cooler to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine, and converts the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank to the propulsion engine (E1) fuel.
- the BOG compressed by the first compressor or the BOG compressed by the second compressor may be supplied to the power generation engine E2 through only some stages of the first compressor.
- the boil-off gas compressed through some stages of the first compressor may be supplied to a heat exchanger and cooled.
- the boil-off gas supply line (GL) for supplying boil-off gas from the storage tank (T) to the first compressor (100A) or the second compressor (100B) via the heat exchanger (200) is connected, 1
- a first fuel supply line FL1 connected to the propulsion engine E1 downstream of the compressor 100A is provided.
- a reliquefaction line (RL) is provided for cooling the boil-off gas compressed through a part of the first compressor or the second compressor through the heat exchanger 200 and returning it to the storage tank, and a part of the first compressor or the second compressor.
- a second fuel supply line FL2 is provided to supply boil-off gas compressed through the compressor to the power generation engine E2.
- the first compressor 100A includes a re-liquefaction line for supplying boil-off gas compressed through some stages of the first compressor to a heat exchanger or a power generation engine and a front-end compression unit 110 at the front of the branch point of the second fuel supply line, It consists of a rear compression unit 120 that additionally compresses the boil-off gas compressed in the front compression unit to the fuel supply pressure of the propulsion engine.
- the boil-off gas is compressed to 5 to 12 bara in the front compression section of the first compressor and compressed to 250 to 400 bara in the rear compression section. can do.
- the first compressor or the second compressor can be separately operated according to the operation of the ship.
- the first compressor 100A is driven in the ship speed generation section where the fuel consumption of the ship engine is high.
- the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank (T) is sent to the first compressor (100A) through the heat exchanger 200 along the boil-off gas supply line (GL) and through the first line (GLA) and is compressed.
- the boil-off gas compressed through all of the first compressor (100A) is supplied as fuel to the propulsion engine (E1) along the first fuel supply line (FL1), and the boil-off gas compressed through the front compression unit 110 of the first compressor is The fuel is supplied to the power generation engine E2 along the second fuel supply line FL2.
- the surplus compressed gas supplied as fuel for the propulsion engine and the power generation engine is sent to the heat exchanger 200 through the reliquefaction line (RL) and cooled by heat exchange with the refrigerant and uncompressed boil-off gas circulating in the refrigerant circulation line (NL) , It is re-liquefied through the pressure reducing device 400 and the gas-liquid separator 500 and recovered to the storage tank (T).
- the re-liquefaction system may not be operated, and the boil-off gas in the storage tank may be directly supplied to the first compressor by bypassing the heat exchanger through the branch line (BL).
- the second compressor 100B When there is little or no fuel consumption of the propulsion engine E1, such as during anchoring of a ship, the second compressor 100B is driven.
- the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is sent to the second compressor 100B through the heat exchanger 200 to be compressed, and the compressed gas compressed in the second compressor is supplied to the power generation engine E2 as fuel.
- the surplus compressed gas remaining after fuel supply is sent to the heat exchanger 200 along the re-liquefaction line (RL) to be cooled, re-liquefied through the pressure reducing device 400 and the gas-liquid separator 500, and recovered to the storage tank (T) .
- a high-pressure multi-stage compressor capable of supplying boil-off gas as fuel for a propulsion engine and a compressor capable of compressing the pressure of a power generation engine having a lower fuel supply pressure than that are provided, and operated separately according to the operating situation of the ship.
- a compressor capable of compressing the pressure of a power generation engine having a lower fuel supply pressure than that are provided, and operated separately according to the operating situation of the ship.
- the cooling efficiency and re-liquefaction rate of the heat exchanger are increased by using the cooling heat of the boil-off gas itself and the cooling heat of the refrigerant cycle, and the boil-off gas generated in the storage tank is first consumed as fuel and then only the remaining boil-off gas is re-liquefied. and reduce liquefied gas fuel consumption.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 선박의 저장탱크에 저장된 액화가스로부터 발생하는 증발가스를 공급받아 압축하는 제1 압축기;상기 저장탱크로부터 증발가스를 공급받아 압축하는 제2 압축기;상기 제1 압축기 또는 제2 압축기에서 압축된 증발가스가 냉각되는 열교환기; 및상기 열교환기로 공급되는 냉매가 순환하는 냉매순환라인:을 포함하되,상기 제1 압축기는 복수의 컴프레서를 거쳐 선내 추진엔진의 연료공급압력까지 증발가스를 압축하는 다단 압축기이며, 상기 제2 압축기는 상기 추진엔진보다 저압 연료를 공급받는 발전엔진의 연료공급압력까지 증발가스를 압축하고,상기 제1 압축기의 일부 단을 거쳐 압축된 증발가스는 상기 열교환기로 공급되어 냉각되거나 상기 발전엔진으로 공급될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 냉매순환라인에는상기 열교환기에서 열교환 후 배출되는 냉매를 공급받아 압축하는 냉매 압축부; 및상기 냉매 압축부에서 압축된 후 상기 열교환기를 거친 냉매를 공급받아 팽창 냉각시켜 상기 열교환기로 공급하는 냉매 팽창부:를 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 1항에 있어서,상기 저장탱크로부터 상기 열교환기를 거쳐 상기 제1 압축기 또는 제2 압축기로 증발가스를 공급하는 증발가스공급라인;상기 제1 압축기의 하류에서 상기 추진엔진으로 연결되는 제1 연료공급라인;상기 제1 압축기의 일부 단 또는 상기 제2 압축기를 거쳐 압축된 증발가스를 상기 열교환기를 거쳐 냉각하고 상기 저장탱크로 회수하는 재액화라인; 및상기 제1 압축기의 일부 단 또는 상기 제2 압축기를 거쳐 압축된 증발가스를 상기 발전엔진으로 공급하는 제2 연료공급라인:을 더 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 3항에 있어서,상기 증발가스공급라인에서 분기되어 상기 열교환기를 우회하여 상기 제1 압축기 또는 제2 압축기로 증발가스를 공급하는 분기라인; 및상기 분기라인에 마련되어 상기 증발가스를 가열하는 프리히터:를 더 포함하고,재액화 시스템을 가동하지 않거나 재액화 시스템의 로드(load)가 낮은 경우 상기 저장탱크에서 발생한 증발가스의 전부 또는 일부는 상기 열교환기를 우회하여 상기 분기라인을 통해 상기 프리히터에서 가열되어 상기 제1 압축기 또는 제2 압축기로 도입는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 4항에 있어서,상기 열교환기에서 열교환으로 냉각된 압축가스를 공급받아 감압하는 감압장치; 및상기 감압장치에서 감압된 증발가스를 공급받아 기액분리하는 기액분리기:를 더 포함하며,상기 기액분리기에서 분리된 플래시 가스는 상기 열교환기 전단의 상기 미압축 증발가스 흐름에 합류되고, 상기 기액분리기에서 분리된 액화가스는 상기 저장탱크로 회수되는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 5항에 있어서,상기 저장탱크에 저장된 액화가스를 상기 추진엔진의 연료로 공급하는 액화가스공급라인;상기 액화가스공급라인에 마련되며 액화가스를 상기 추진엔진의 연료공급압력으로 가압하는 압축펌프; 및상기 압축펌프에서 가압된 액화가스를 가열하는 기화기:를 더 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 6항에 있어서,상기 기화기의 하류에서 상기 액화가스공급라인으로부터 분기되어 상기 발전엔진으로 연결되는 액화가스분기라인;상기 액화가스분기라인에 마련되며 상기 발전엔진의 연료공급압력에 맞추어 상기 액화가스의 압력을 조절하는 압력조절밸브; 및상기 액화가스분기라인에 마련되며 상기 압력조절밸브를 통과한 액화가스를 상기 발전엔진의 연료공급온도에 맞추어 추가 가열하는 히터:를 더 포함하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 1항 내지 제 7항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,선속 발생 구간에서는 제1 압축기를 구동하여, 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 제1 압축기로 압축하고 상기 추진엔진 및 발전엔진에 공급하며 잉여 압축가스를 상기 열교환기에서 냉각하고,선박의 정박(anchoring) 시에는 제2 압축기를 구동하여, 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 제2 압축기로 압축하고 상기 발전엔진에 공급하며 잉여 압축가스를 상기 열교환기로 냉각하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 제 8항에 있어서,상기 냉매순환라인을 순환하는 냉매는 질소인 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템.
- 추진엔진과, 상기 추진엔진보다 저압 연료를 공급받는 발전엔진이 마련된 선박에서,저장탱크에 저장된 액화가스로부터 발생하는 증발가스를 제1 압축기 또는 제2 압축기로 압축하고, 상기 추진엔진 및 발전엔진의 연료로 공급되지 않은 압축가스를, 냉매순환라인을 따라 순환하는 냉매가 공급되는 열교환기에서 열교환으로 냉각하여 재액화하되,상기 제1 압축기는 복수의 컴프레서를 거쳐 상기 추진엔진의 연료공급압력까지 증발가스를 압축하는 다단 압축기이며, 상기 제2 압축기는 상기 발전엔진의 연료공급압력까지 증발가스를 압축하고,상기 제1 압축기의 일부 단을 거쳐 압축된 증발가스는 상기 열교환기로 공급되어 냉각되거나 상기 발전엔진으로 공급될 수 있는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 방법.
- 제 10항에 있어서,선속 발생 구간에서는 제1 압축기를 구동하여, 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 제1 압축기로 압축하고 상기 추진엔진 및 발전엔진에 공급하며 잉여 압축가스를 상기 열교환기에서 냉각하고,선박의 정박(anchoring) 시에는 제2 압축기를 구동하여, 저장탱크에서 발생하는 증발가스를 상기 제2 압축기로 압축하고 상기 발전엔진에 공급하며 잉여 압축가스를 상기 열교환기로 냉각하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 방법.
- 제 11항에 있어서,상기 냉매순환라인을 순환하는 냉매는 냉매 압축부에서 압축되고 상기 열교환기를 거쳐 냉각된 후 냉매 팽창부에서 팽창 냉각되어 상기 열교환기에 냉열원으로 공급되며,상기 냉매 압축부는 상기 냉매 팽창부에 연결되어, 상기 냉매 팽창부로부터 냉매의 팽창에너지를 전달받아 냉매를 압축하는 것을 특징으로 하는 선박의 증발가스 처리 방법.
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KR20170030508A (ko) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 증발가스 재액화 시스템 및 방법 |
KR20170137604A (ko) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-13 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 가스 처리 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 선박 |
KR102003409B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-07-24 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박용 증발가스 재액화 방법 및 시스템 |
KR20200135595A (ko) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-12-03 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템 및 방법 |
KR20210023540A (ko) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-04 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 증발가스 재액화 시스템 및 방법 |
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KR20170137604A (ko) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-13 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | 가스 처리 시스템 및 이를 포함하는 선박 |
KR20170030508A (ko) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-17 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 증발가스 재액화 시스템 및 방법 |
KR102003409B1 (ko) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-07-24 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박용 증발가스 재액화 방법 및 시스템 |
KR20200135595A (ko) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-12-03 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 증발가스 처리 시스템 및 방법 |
KR20210023540A (ko) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-04 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 선박의 증발가스 재액화 시스템 및 방법 |
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